cats, he says about cats, it was a very long time ago, well, cats are like that, and what, well, how do they live there on the roof of a cat, he says, well, i’m telling you nonsense, a cat appears, he says, sometimes in in some kind of informative layer you can snatch something, but for this you need to be a very talented person, as if open, and my father definitely had some kind of ray, but you know this, the understanding that... that you are something... then i came up with it, came up with it, sort of composed it, well, like a direction, and then the fact that it begins to become overgrown with matter, and then what it is then turns into a play or a film, from an idea a script is born, then it acquires some kind of estimate, costumes, music, then, further, further, further, then a movie turns out, this is such a path, the path of an artist, well, also in some way.. .magic, of course, absolute,

absolute magic, then the question is, why after kill the dragon there was no new this screen magic, he wanted to film, he wanted to film, they persuaded him and even hung a sign on the mos film, there were even some ideas about the modern girl, boy, and even once he said that maybe it was you, but his friends are different directors. they say: my film stopped, no, it’s like there’s no subsidization, someone has everything, he says, i wouldn’t be able to stand it if the picture stopped, it’s necessary, it should be then, maybe it’s purely cinematography, after all he had a theater, then he would shoot for 20 years , like herman, he wouldn’t have made one film, as in the case of i think he couldn’t, it’s still such a feat, it’s courage, a certain courage and genius of herman, herman unique, herman filmed his own.

films like documentaries, this is my friend ivan lapshin, road checks, this is something unthinkable, and how the actors all play, how authentic it is, and mironov, mironov, who, i remember how he sat with ryazanov, he said, i would like some kind of role, he says, well, you’re musical, what are you talking about, and how he played for herman, how authentic it is, how a man shoots himself, he begins to have some kind of spasms , urges, this is herman the great, absolutely, and then again. they suggested to my father, you know, how to film an ordinary miracle three, kill the dragon six, this scared him, and he moved away from it, and then something like this , a coincidence of circumstances, he devoted himself to the theater, he had a wonderful film series program, and he found stalypin’s grave , he was engaged in restoration, he restored the iversk gates in the kremlin, iverskaya mother of god, often.

all his films are about freedom, about learning to think and be a free person, as you remember, in the dragon, why do i need freedom, i ’m married, that’s why we are reviewing these films, i think we will it will take a very , very long time to rewatch it, because they continue to really give us this, not even a sip, i think, quite a breath of freedom, thank you very much, thank you very much for inviting me and i am

very grateful to you for remembering my father, because how much mark anatolivich did in his life, and he taught at the gitese you...

russia and the west on the swing of history,

pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov are with you, today we will deal with the foreign wives of russian emperors. well, it’s probably worth it right away say that most russian emperors. states, with perhaps one exception , connections with these small german prussian princesses, the wife of nicholas i, did not mean any serious dependence on large dynasties, on the habsburgs or bourbons, which could really seriously affect ... even worried some representatives, so to speak, some sovereign empresses. there is a historical

anecdote, for example, about alexander ii, who was actually such, well, an absolutely russian person, such in appearance and manners, by all appearances, there are russian drops in him...... well, i don’t know, like a drop in the ocean, let’s say, just like that, he really didn’t like the germans, for which there is a lot of evidence, it’s rare, of course, when a person is one hundred percent german , does not like the germans, but nevertheless he did not love, so one day he began to ask the court historian who was the father of his ancestor paul i, because there was talk about... and the court historian frankly told him, the father of paul i could be, in general, knowing the character of catherine, anyone, even a coachman, but most likely, after all, soltykov,

soltykov’s favorite, to which alexander ii happily sighed with relief, well, thank god, i have at least a little russian blood, and... catherine, just catherine, but she too, she knew perfectly well about the fact that well, she came, so to speak, she was german, some conversations still took place behind her back, although she was loved in general, so she once, when, well , a common practice in those days, doctors did bloodletting for her, she so she looked into the basin of blood and said, well, finally, the last german one. the story is like this, you can call it muddy, you can

call it mysterious, well, in general, it’s really unclear its origin, there are different versions, but most of all they say that she was born in march... having arrived in russia, she became ekaterina alekseevna mikhailova, well, the patronymic is after tsarevich alexei , and mikhailov is the surname that peter took, he often took it, when he wanted to keep incognito, he took mikhail’s surname, well, in general, this is an interesting fact, the first russian empress has a not very clear origin, a version about the skovronskys, it’s on actually confirmed, indirectly.

and this situation is actually so typical for russia at the beginning of the 16th century, we don’t know for sure, absolutely exactly, who the ancestors are, what is the genealogy of the first russian empress. well, the only thing we know, more or less accurately, is that , in fact, martha skovronskaya, the future empress, was first captured during the northern war by felemarchal shremetyev, he made her a housewife’s mistress, then took her away.

and the laundress who washes trousers, here she is, well, i haven’t seen a beauty somewhere called her, so to speak, remembering a beauty, but apparently she had some kind of fantastic charisma, because of course she attracted men. why exactly did catherine ascend the throne after the death of peter the great? well, it is known that peter died without naming an heir, so uh. the situation was , so to speak, vague, so to speak, generally

around the throne, at that moment such a peculiar society had gathered, there was a children's rhyme, on the golden porch sat the tsarevich, the king queen, the shoemaker tailor, this was roughly the situation, because there were, so to speak , aristocratic people near the throne... somehow, which russia turned out to be without a named heir to the throne, these forces

somehow converged their interests in favor of catherine the widow, that is, they preferred some of their own privileges or desires to continue reforms, and a lot of things came together there in contrast to the geneology that was still revered at that time, because in the end there was peter’s grandson. the great one, who later became peter ii, right? well i don't know, of course i don't peter the great, although i am peter romanov, but let’s say peter the great, would have decided to appoint as his, his successors, his wife, who shortly before her death cheated on him, well, at least he thought so, that she cheated, no, well, she, he did he believed, thank god, he believed for a reason, he executed this unfortunate monsieur, well , in general, he was angry, before his death he was still angry. there are indeed some mentions somewhere that he supposedly raised her before his death,

nevertheless he was angry, history likes to joke that after the great era, it means peter’s work was continued by a washerwoman, a former and illiterate prince, of course there is an irony of fate in this, well, it must be said that catherine’s accession to the throne was still not... completely peaceful, and this was essentially a palace coup, the first palace coup, when in the senate these representatives of the nobility were discussing, you already know petrovskaya , both people from the old aristocracy and new ones, representatives of the petrovsky nobility were discussing who, in fact, in accordance with the guessed peter’s will, should be called to the throne, to a meeting of the senate, tearing down the door, the officers of the guard, the preobrazhensky regiment, simply entered, in the courtyard stood lined up, guards units with bayonets stood and simply forced the senators to recognize, to the roar

of the drums, to recognize catherine, yes, and not peter i, there were quite understandable fears if the young tsar again.

she is not guilty of anything before russia, and moreover, actually under her, under menshikov, with all his sins, peter’s policy was generally continued, peter started this machine, the state, the whole system of reforms, that it was not possible to continue her policy it’s simply practically impossible, she and catherine , to the best of their abilities and the menshevik, to the best of their abilities, continued this policy,

if we talk about wives, then the tradition of taking german women was brought up... brought up in europe, just like catherine, in the spirit of enlightenment, she even advocated liberation peasants, was a strong-willed woman, quite tough, pavel loved her, in general , she could create serious competition, add serious competition in relation to pavel and his mother, so her death, to a certain extent, was of course for catherine beneficial, although there is no evidence, of

course, that catherine ordered anything to anyone , well, the secrets of the madrid court are everywhere and at... more like rumors, because in the russian tradition it was also believed that representatives of the upper class, yes, in fact, first of all , rulers do not die by their own death, well, yes, well, the second wife of paul i, again, that means, a german, sophia of wortenberg, then maria fedorovna, she, of course, was the opposite, she was like that, she is in her diary recorded that the emperor's wife should not be too... in general should take care of the household, children, house and so on, that is, such a housewife, she absolutely did not interfere in any matters, tolerated her husband’s infidelities, gave birth while she could give birth, and so on, well by the way, she is the mother of alexander i and nicholas i, two russian

emperors, and only now, at a very old age, a widow, it is known that during the napoleonic wars she somehow tried to influence the sovereign on her son so that he would assist her relatives german, and then simply decisively opposed napoleon's matchmaking, because there is a well-known fact in history that napoleon, well, for political reasons, of course, there was no love there, he was wooing alexander i's sister elena, so maria... will give, well, that's it , perhaps, all the influence , well, besides, it must be said that by this time the russian policy of alexander i was already moving from the era

of the telzid peace to confrontation, so the mother’s request was satisfied by the son, well , there was a strong anti-french party, some historians have versions that maria fedorovna had certain political ambitions at the time of paul's death. a debatable question , but an interesting fact is that she was educated in terms of the ability to use her hands, she knew how to use a lathe, she turned cameos, by the way, they were preserved in museums , she painted well, she was even a member of the academy of arts, though not ours, but german, participated in philanthropic projects of various kinds, paul i in 1797 appointed her as the chief superintendent of educational homes and... through her efforts a moscow vocational school was created, from which subsequently, many years later , the bauman school named after bauman grew up, which i didn’t know, it’s very interesting, the bamon school

comes from maria fedna and is. results of the year with vladimir putin on december 14 at 12:00 moscow time. let's continue the conversation. this is a historical podcast russia-west on the swing of history. next is the wife of alexander ii. elizaveta alekseevna, nee louise badynskaya. well, unlike maria fedorovna, she was. very educated, very beautiful, by the way, very quickly began to speak russian without the slightest accent, which in general she did not do very often, ekaterina dashkova

spoke about her, the famous and the head of the academy under catherine ii, confidante catherine ii, who spoke well of few people in general, yes she was sarcastic, yes very sarcastic, yes, she wrote about alexander’s wife, i was attracted to her by her intelligence of education, modesty, friendliness and tact combined with a caution rare for such a young woman. she already spoke russian correctly without the slightest foreign accent. overall, a high performance. in the mouth of dashkova, who i studied russian, very very much. by the way, the letter e is her gift to us. well, this marriage of alexander i, it was like this, it is divided into such parts, at first there was a very stormy period of love, they got along very well with each other. and then a cooling began, unfortunately this happens in marriages, connections appeared with her, with him, she gave birth to two daughters,

not from alexander, although alexander i accepted these daughters as his own, the first romance, as far as i remember, was with a friend of the emperor chartarian adam, i don’t remember the second one, now who i was with was nolergard shtabrotmaster okhotnikov. you see, you remember everything, but i must say that with all these rather difficult relationships, when it was difficult for alexander i, he came to her, she supported him very energetically during the war with the french, in 812 later, in the year 812, it was a difficult, at first very difficult period for alexander i, so she... supported him, for which she was then showered with fame, so to speak, and the love of the russian people, that’s why, well, what can we

say, she, if it influenced emperor and her husband, then she was purely positive and prayed for the russian army, so the german woman is not german, well, this is completely fair, in general... if we go into politics, then alexander i continued the policy of an alliance with the german states, here, probably, the role there was a certain wife, well, some, maybe there was a minimal one, but first of all it was the political will to oppose strong france, yes, the german states, to preserve prussia in its time, in which the efforts of both alexander’s mother and his wife, respectively, were combined, because, as napoleon once said, i saved prussia only out of good things.

lucky, that means, well, this is the only case, it seems, when the heir to the throne fell in love for real, a whole series of brides were shown to him, and he rejected them all , he fell in love with this princess and defended his choice in front of his parents, because there were certain, so to speak , roughness, because there was such a moment in the pedigree, a speck, she

was illegitimately... born, there was a suspicion, yes, there was such a suspicion, but she was accepted, so to speak, everything was official normal, but there was a spot, and nevertheless alexander ii defended his decision, then the heir, yes, and he wrote to his mother, in general, verbatim, that i don’t care about the secrets of princess mary, i love her and would rather give up the throne than her , i will marry only her, that’s my decision , an ultimatum, yes, yes, an ultimatum, the parents reconciled, the parents reconciled, and then fell in love with her, by the way, with such modesty, she naturally was, which does not happen so often with princesses, she she was very natural, so many people liked her, in general, yes, she charmed the entire royal family, as for her activities, she spent huge amounts of money on charity, then in that era the red cross appeared, she headed it and worked very actively.

i must say that this is where we can , perhaps, talk a little about some political disagreements, or perhaps even, the fact is that this was the era of the balkan wars that took place in balkans, and public opinion really pushed alexander i to he entered the war in this theater. alexander ii was against it because it bothered him.

liberal in such a husband in terms of marital relations, it is known that alexander ii in this sense was not exemplary, well , to put it mildly, to put it mildly, to put it mildly, so she endured it all, but then all the same - the breakup became final, especially this already finally happened after the death of his son nicholas, the eldest, yes, the eldest son, who was supposed to ascend to the throne. instead of him rose, so to speak, now alexander has already, well, it must be said that alexander ii, in fact, during his life, started his wife in the winter palace a second family, and as soon as his wife died, maria alexandrovna, after some time he married in a marganatic marriage princess yurievskaya, who received this title, her serene highness princess yurievskaya, and there is even reasonable information that

he was planning to. to recognize the children from her, they have imperial, imperial powers, that is, to include them in the family, but the attempt on the birthright did not allow this to be done, in this sense, this is an example of such a father’s infidelity in this whole generally unpleasant situation, indeed, with a living wife, to have a second family one floor above and above your own chambers, all this led alexander ii, the future alexander ii, heir to the throne, to a completely different idea of ​​family life. than his father, yes, probably, alexander ii is the most exemplary family man, the most, we usually have, so nicholas ii is a good family man, undoubtedly, a good family man, but the most solid, consistent, convinced, family man, faithful to last breath, was, of course, alexander ii, and you are right, he wanted, so to speak,

behave differently. in the swing of history , today we are talking about the foreign wives of russian emperors, as for the wife of alexander ii, it’s even somehow awkward for me to remember her in this series, well, a wife, a husband ’s wife, that’s what didn’t happen, that didn’t happen, marya fedorovna the figure in itself is so significant in our history, you understand, firstly, this is the first danish woman after the germans, just the first non-german, maybe so.

the woman is certainly tragic, well , imagine, you can just count it like this, well, first she lost her fiancé nikolai, yes, the elder brother of alexander ii, she loved him, by the way, then she

also fell in love with alexander, and alexander fell in love with her, although it seems like an inherited bride, but only later, and when she came to russia. immediately a tragedy occurred with the father-in-law, they killed the terrorist alexander ii, then death , which means the death of nicholas, the death of alexander ii, then the death of her brother, tsar sergei, this grand duke, and sergei alexandrovich, then they killed her brother, the greek king george. so, later, that means the death of her husband and... the entire royal family, can you imagine, she, before the last one, she sailed from crimea on the last passage, she hoped to the last that

someone might survive, she wanted to see him, a difficult fate, she gave so much wise advice to her son, and he used this advice so disgracefully. but he just didn’t follow them, he just didn’t follow them, that’s why, what can i say, she was really courageous, a strong woman and an intelligent woman, a wise woman. from my point of view, the wisest woman, who is foreign, who was next to russian tsar, well, if you again take catherine out of the equation, well, catherine, you know, i don’t perceive catherine as a wife, a wife, well , it’s quite strange to perceive her as a wife , given the fate of her husband, and that’s what we’re talking about, catherine is a separate conversation , a separate song, in the end, we have two great ones. these are peter the russian and catherine the german,

which in no way cancels the greatness of the second, but with the fate of the last russian empress alexandra feodorovna, everything is in general exactly the opposite, one might say, here victoria alice, elena, louise, beatrice hesson of darmstatt, oh, alex, yes, the wife of nicholas ii, who, unfortunately, played a rather negative role in history, but not really. korea is simply a negative role in the history of russia, although it emphasized its love for russia, but it seems to me that it did not torture real love for russia, it was not illusory, for it the russian people were a kind of fiction, which it judged by such characters like rasputin, and other such preyers who nailed it, including including her, by her own will, and to the royal throne, she was sure that her husband should be a tyrant, so she wrote: dear, be... show your powerful hand, that’s what the russians need, that is, a russian is such

a cattle , yes, who needs a fist, and now let them feel, sometimes your fist , that’s what she wrote, they themselves ask for it, how many people have said recently, we need a whip, she writes all this, it’s strange, but such is the slavic nature, the greatest firmness, cruelty and even at the same time ardent love, i know too well how roaring crowds behave when you are close, they are still afraid of you, they should be afraid of you even more, so that no matter where you are, you are seized by the same trembling, in general, such advice is known in the conditions of russia at the beginning of the 20th century where they were leading when she spoke, be firm, just like be ivan the terrible, be peter i, this was leading russia to disaster, and it cannot be said that nicholas ii did not hear these tips at all, he heard, in general they played in favor of his ego, ours i would like to remind viewers that the historical podcast is about nicholas ii and other episodes of the podcast russia and the west on the swing of history can be viewed on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru. not exactly an excuse, just a clarification for some

who consider her by blood to be so directly german , of course a lot of things are mixed in there, but she also had the blood of mary stewart, and she lived in great britain, by upbringing she was more of an englishwoman, by upbringing it was rather an englishwoman, this version from the time of the first world war, about the betrayal of alexandra fedorovna, is also, in my opinion, of course fictitious. therefore, she definitely

didn’t get into the russian treasury, and of course she loved her husband, of course she wanted him to win, it’s just that her real practical actions led to the exact opposite, of course, well, that’s her attitude when she again wrote that everyone in the duma is a fool , rates, that is, the command of the russian army is completely idiots, there are only animals in the synod, the ministers are scoundrels, our diplomats must be hanged, disperse them all. “i ask you, my friend, do this as soon as possible, well, a wonderful recipe for ending the dynasty, which is what happened in the end, yes, although she is not to blame for this, let’s emphasize that we talked about this in the program about nicholas, a whole large complex of factors arose here, but, so to speak, she, of course, made her contribution to the fall of the monarchy, well, in general, you can in conclusion, there’s only one thing to say, of course, fate bestowed upon russia in the person of...” and the wives of the emperors

were foreigners, these were very different gifts, they were all different, some were smarter, some were not so smart, some did more for russia, someone less or even brought some kind of option, i can only say one thing: none of them intentionally caused any harm to russia, the main thing is that - the wives of russian emperors, with rare exceptions of some kind of big political role, these are the ones we talked about, yes, they did not play, and if they played some kind of political games - then, then in full accordance with the current historical moment with the domestic one. historical tradition, this was a historical podcast russia-west on the swing of history, pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov were with you, study history with us.

hello, i'm still dmitry bak, me. i still host a literary podcast called let them not speak, let them read, how much debate there is now about the classics, whether they are relevant, or whether they are forever outdated, of course, there are very different writers, but dostoevsky, fyodor mikhailovich dostoevsky, among the classics of russian and world occupies a very special place, so i think, let’s see what my guests think, today our guest is the director, people’s artist of russia, vladimir ivanovich khotchanko. hello, vladimir ivanovich, thank you for coming, we have a theater actor, lenkom mark zakharova, anton shagin, and we will talk about dostoevsky for a reason, this year marks the 150th anniversary of the publication of a separate edition of the roman besa,

taking advantage of this occasion, we will talk about the novel besa, about dostoevsky, about creativity, and most importantly about today . vladimir ivanovich, how... in general, i became interested in nabokov’s lectures, lectures on russian literature, and nabokov is a professor, and i was surprised to read that nabokov treated fyodor mikhailovich with extreme disrespect, he considered him a c student, strictly speaking, for his language , for that, for everything, tenth, this intrigued me, and this was perhaps the first seed sown,

then fate worked out in such a way that i was offered to make a series about dostoevsky, and so suddenly you... impression, i re-read, first of all, i remembered, naturally , constantly, or rather i didn’t remember, nabokov thought about this internal polemic, but nabokov didn’t convince you, you seem to now think that he is wrong, nabokov, i think that he is completely wrong, that is, he is right in his own way, that well, for this you need to know his side, well, he himself was that little thing, he highlighted nabokov for me, you know, sometimes it’s very important to highlight it with some unusual light, and through the enemy, through the opponent, and i with... that means, i agreed to film it almost without hesitation, i understood, that i’m taking a risk, i had a tough enough discussion with dostoevsky scholars that they didn’t put a bag on the head at executions, but - there’s a wonderful quote, he says that artistic truth is much more important than historical truth, so berta

said it better, i say historical truth, i prefer truth to art, because historical truth begins with truth and ends with lies. but the truth, art ends with a lie, ends with the truth of eternity, the main thing is yes, it’s interesting , so i understood that i was taking a risk, but it was so important to me, i was not afraid at all. absolutely , that seed sprouted once sown at the architectural institute, it just sprouted, and i dived into it, i reveled in dostoevsky, life, nuances, his character, a difficult character, even harmful, not for everyone, i imagined how i...

an ugly word for the occasion, it’s not a figure of speech, i can’t imagine my life, that ’s why i have a heavenly reference book, caramazo brothers, i can do it like this, i enjoy it and...

i listen to you with pleasure and i’m happy and surprised , how much your eye lights up when

you talk about fyodor mikhailovich, how much he really envelops you to this day - you can’t get enough of him, well, is it really possible to get enough, i also tell students that there are volumes with notes for novels, for a teenager, for example, this is no less i wonder what roman is a teenager. once in st. petersburg in the bukinist i found dostoevsky's notebooks, which he was preparing for a novel , idiot, pre-revolutionary edition , became interested, found somewhere at the very bottom, moreover, an uncut book, still uncut, unread, i arrived with rapture under the light bulb at home, which means , began to read this and was shocked by how much... dostoevsky

writes the word prince at the beginning of the page, from this word everything begins to take shape , and this mechanism begins to twist everything for him, because those features that were at ganya, he transfers it to myshkin, myshkin has to the features that were, he transfers it to rozhin, this is the mechanism that he himself launches from...

it is highly charged that it is impossible to learn it right away, let’s say, my daughter, for example, he starts putting pressure on you, he's on you with...