and other things, well , let’s take some more precise example with this, as in fact, one of the well-known cognitive distortions, imagine a maternity hospital in which the first option is born, boy, girl, girl, boy , girl, boy, second situation, boy, boy, boy, boy, which of the situations is likely.

and making hasty judgments, trying to look at familiar, seemingly obvious things from new points of view. thank you, vladimir. i would put the same thing into just different words. simplicity, as we know, is worse than theft. therefore, the more complex you are, the more different points of view you can accumulate, the more different approaches to some complex phenomenon you can name and use, the better, generally speaking, the more interesting your life will be. it was. cast schrödinger's cat, i am its host grigory tarasevich, chief editor of a popular science magazine, also schrödinger's cat, our wonderful guests today, artist egor plotnikov, psychologist, professor, head of the cognitive laboratory ranhix research, vladimir spiredonov.

hello, i'm pilot cosmonaut anton shkaplerov, this is a podcast about space stories. russia is a great space power; it never ceases to explore new horizons in the space industry. the first artificial earth satellite, the first man in space, the first woman in space, the first spacewalk, the first dockings, finally, the first feature film shot in space. it's russia. today my friend, pilot, cosmonaut, hero of russia, oleg artemyev, is visiting me. oleg, committed my first flight was 10 years ago. oleg, hello, hi, hi, why did you choose the space industry, there are many other interesting professions, maybe there is an element of chance, since i wanted to get the best education, well, in my youth i thought that astronauts had the best education, i... stole all the autobiographies

of astronauts, there were military pilots, there were engineers who graduated from mine, baumman medical university and i followed this path, received an education, but before i received it, i had a very good meeting , so significant for me, i met at a lecture with vladimirov alekseyovich solovyov, who is now the general designer of the energia rocket and space corporation, and he is also the flight director at tsup and he spoke so interestingly about space, about the management of the station, it’s so simple that this simplicity, it captivated me, that an ordinary person can fly into space, then control spaceships, stations, everyone who was at the lecture then, they all wanted to follow this path, but some succeeded, some did not, you studied for 6 years in baummanka, yes, yes, well, at baum university, where one of our best...

universities in the country, where i think the best technical education, yes, one of the best, but we don’t have any bad universities , we all have good ones, oleg, tell me which discovery struck you most in astronautics, i think the most... cool discovery is that the life that we have on earth can survive in space under aggressive factors, these are the factors of space flight under radiation, ideas, microorganisms, which were found during the test test, this is one of the simplest , most interesting, most favorite experiments that only an astronaut has, because well, firstly , there is a discovery, yes... that is, it was taken to the outside the surface of the station - such plates, well, this is a box in which two probes were screwed in, and these probes were unscrewed from the outside, smears were made, then screwed back in, then returned to the ship,

to the station, then returned to the ground then already in laboratory conditions they understood that there were microorganisms there, this discovery made it possible to raise the level of the earth’s biosphere , yes... they are being improved all the time, compared to the first spacesuits that were used for spacewalks, they are now modern, what are the differences, excellent

, but the basis remains that we go in from behind, that is, we open the door, we kind of dress him there, we go in, that is, we close it ourselves, that is, this... the spacesuit has climate control, that is, the previous system of the spacesuit you need it was constantly because of that, well, manually regulate and change the temperature, because the intensity of work outside the station changed, that is, you either rest there, then you get cold, you need

to make it warmer, or when you work hard, you need to cool down, now this is no longer necessary, you set the climate control to one temperature , it works, by the way, only we have this in the american one. yes, yes, now there is a continuation, modernization, it does not stop, because, firstly, there is such a thing as the remark of astronauts after exits, yes, they always offer some things that would improve these spacesuits, and the designers listen to the comments and modernize the spacesuits, if possible, well, now there is a problem that, uh, well, not really a problem, but new materials are coming replacing the old one. material , so the spacesuit already needs to be modernized with the materials that are available, then these spacesuits will be used further at our new stations there, then we have alien activities ahead, when we fly, we will work on the moon there or on

on mars, spacesuits will also be needed there, we are putting all the best developments that we have into new spacesuits, i know that you took part in experiments on earth, march. 500 twice, and the first time it was 2 weeks, the second time it was already 150 days in isolation, tell us what the essence of these experiments was and what new discoveries might have been made, this is a purely psychological experiment, why it was called mars 500, because that right now the level of our technology and the projects that exist allow us fly about 200-odd days to mars, work there for a month and return for the same amount of time. that is, it is approximately 520 days, and the most important part of this space flight must be to ensure that the crew returns alive and healthy and completes the flight program, that is, this is safety, and so that this is one of the most dangerous elements of our entire space flight, and

next with the ground, on long-distance flights it is the person himself, that is, you need to be able to survive in a team, and this experiment was just a psychologist, the person was a person. well actually there were a lot of different experiments , it turned out that the most optimal crew is when there are the fewest conflicts, the least amount of non-fulfillment of programs, such... exclusionary experiments - this is when the crew is from four to six people, so we initially had it like that, and this the experiment allowed us to work out the element of selection for such a crew for a long-distance flight, for an interplanetary flight, so that the flight program was carried out with the least conflicts within the crew, this is a very interesting experiment and a good project, and it it’s very cool that it’s continuing now, at this very moment... a year-long experiment is taking place, it’s called sirius, this is already preparation for the moon, it’s also

partly psychological, it’s 3 days to fly to the moon, why a year? well, here , you know, we have to work with the fact that on the moon we will have a base, a lunar base, and we have to work on it, and i think that it should be permanently operating, and those people, you never know, such a case will happen that you won’t be able to return there for some reason, and you need to. understand how people will interact among themselves, and for scientists who come up with all sorts of experiments and studies, they are very interested in the behavior of people in such conditions, this is one thing, and secondly, one of the tasks of my isolation experiments and those experiments that are now is testing experiments before they get to the international space station or further into the future, that is, they can be done now. to work on the ground with those people who work here in a confined space, and how this can be worked out, this is all

within the framework of an experiment with yes, this is all within the framework sirius experiment, that is, me too, when i was on my experiments, those experiments that i was working on then, i later met them on board the international space station, it was many times easier for me to work than for my partners, that is, i already knew these experiments, knew the people who came up with these experiments, supervised their experiments. gaktika, these are all sorts of biological experiments related to human physiology, those related to which we work with blood, all of this was first worked out in isolation rooms experiments, we didn’t just take it and send it, but the methodology, how we do it, what sequence, all this is worked out in isolation experiments, sirius, we touched on the psychological part, yes, that is, psychologists have made huge conclusions. by the number of crew members, i don’t know, by gender type, how many girls there should be,

how many boys, i think that what you are saying now by gender type, this continues, because if we take those experiments that i had, i had - in small experiments there was only one girl, in the main experiment there were only males, now those experiments that are going on now, they are in half, there are in half, there are somewhere more girls, somewhere there are fewer girls. well, they look at how they get along with each other, each experiment provides food for scientists, well, you can draw some conclusions about what the composition should be. what is the difference between sirius and mars? the saturation of uh, new equipment, that is, the fact that we did tests there, wrote in writing, now this is already no, now it’s all computerized, this time, then. the use of artificial intelligence is mandatory, that is, you are already using it to process data,

then new experiments that appear and are being tested now, which did not exist then, then now the appearance of new equipment, then that’s when i even thought about a 3d printer, we only dreamed, now it already exists, then science does not stand still, that is, and... the cops that scientists use, they are all new, that is, culture handling with the same 3d printer, and also simulators, new simulators, that is, we only had a treadmill and a regular strength trainer, now this is the simulator that can be installed there at our new russian station, that is, constant development is underway , that is , sirius differs radically from mars simply at a new level. yes, well, simple, yes, it ’s the same thing, like if you take the world and the iss, yes, that

is, the service module is like, it’s like one, but the filling is completely different, it’s analog was, but here it’s digital, that is, this , that is, this is a completely different level of work, alec said about artificial intelligence, how it was used in the experiment, maybe you know examples that have already been used in space, data processing, that is, you are in space, yes i. used it, but i had access to the internet, and of course, i came to him very interestingly, i saw how my son was doing these homework very quickly, and i looked, he just...... asked questions chatbot, well, it ’s true with old data, but it’s quite complicated, okay noted, these are these social networks that we - well , since 2014, to the astronauts, well, how is our work, but we need to manage them, then the description for, for the posts, you can ask a question about the

area over which you are flying to artificial intelligence, and he answers you, well, really, here you need it... in addition to the fact that this will be built into it, it will receive data from all sensors about the tightness of the ship, it will also give you artificial intelligence, i think that it

will offer a way out of the situation, what maybe what the specialists who are sitting are doing now in the center. in the center and they help us manage the station , help us get out of all sorts of emergency situations, here this will be your assistant when you are completely autonomous, it is clear that the person who or the crew who will fly to mars there to the moon or even further, they they will already be trained in how to behave in emergency situations, but such an assistant

as artificial intelligence will allow the level of survival to reach a different level, of course, yes. a dog is the only creature in the world that can read emotions from a human face. hello, children and many are really looking forward to coming to the library to read, because reading at home is not so interesting. will you listen to me? god, what a miracle this is. there was no one to accompany me on long walks. and i thought that i really need a dog. come here, come to me. many people told me, nina, are you adopting a dog from a shelter? mom and dad said that i have become kinder. to be close, the premiere, tomorrow on the first, the new year tree is like from the cover, we decorate the tree according to science, there will be a holiday hot, as they celebrate the new year in africa, we relieve shoulder pain in 5 minutes, the program to live healthy, helps everyone, on monday, on

the first. we continue our conversation about the future of russian cosmonautics with oleg artemev. russia begins to build its russian orbital station. well, tell us what has already been done, what will be done. well, what problems will it solve? i am very glad, all the cosmonauts who, well, plan to fly on it, we are happy that it has a polar orbit. eh, what does she give? firstly, it will fly over our entire country.

a person like murtazin, those people who are involved in astronautics, they live it, they understand immediately, they understand what it is, that it is necessary, that this is exactly how it should be done, that is, it is like a beautiful ship, that is , you understand why it is so this is done, and this and the station should be flying exactly like this, especially since this, well, this is our kind of station, which is right over our territory, this is very cool, and the fact that the station, well, just recently happened with. .. a meeting with our president’s space rocket, yes, that is, that it was approved, approved, yes, this is actually, this is one of the most joyful moments this year. the most important thing is that they approved funding for more than 600 billion rubles will be for this entire program and the president said there is money to continue and work one of the most joyful moments

this year, lucky for our rocket and space industry, lucky that it was approved to the very highest level , it turns out just like this on a pencil is with the president how the construction is being carried out because they said exactly one year is given to you for this preliminary design exactly in a year. there was a report to him that there was a preliminary design, we calculated how much money, he approved it, we continue to do it. we all understand what we need to do in what direction to work. now, the second thing is that this station will take the best from the previous stations that we had, salyut, mir, there, the iss, it will have an open architecture, what does this mean, these are the stations that we flew, they were always limited, they were alone. for a year, then for 5 years, for 3 years, then for 5 years, this iss station, it’s for 15 years, well, now it’s already for 25, that is, it has flown one and a half times, has already

flown almost twice as much and is still flying, this is the station that will be ours now, it has no expiration date at all, that is, it can be said to be immortal, limitless, what is this connected with , the basis of the station , this is the station management, this base unit, it is replaceable, that is, it is open... very cool , because well, technology does not stand still, we are constantly undergoing such a scientific and technological revolution, every year we -we learn something new, some new materials appear, some new thoughts, maybe another korolev will be born there, come up with something else, and we will continue to modernize this station; it will fly for us endlessly, is the project open or only the russians? there is no flying, well, it is clear that now it is growing, yes, it is a russian orbital station, yes a service one, but i think that those countries that are friendly to us and those

that maintain good relations with us, the path to this station will always be open to them both in order to work and to there was international cooperation, this is mandatory, this module , which is inflatable, assembled, transformable module, well, we have time... our developments in our industry on the iss there is a beam, yes, this is an american module, it has been flying there for a long time, for a long time flying checks there , well, the only thing they want to do is make a hotel like this , the only negative in such modules is that of course there is increased radiation there, well , there is radiation in space itself, but the inflatable module has minimal protection, that is, of course, there a person receives a normal dose, therefore, the module that we have in the project is more likely...

because these are completely different inclinations, but with us, if, as you already recalled murtazinov, he said that the biggest costs are fuel

, to change the inclination, and of course , we are unlikely to have this, the only thing we can do is, well, if i fantasize, all the most valuable things we have on the space station are loaded into some module then by truck. undock and lift the truck onto such an orbit where it would fly endlessly there and when there is an opportunity, when we have such means, where when we can safely fly in the coarse space and not think about the fact that we have high fuel costs, then we can someday fly there to pick up either for the museums of the earth or for the museums of the moon there, these are the things that would be the most valuable there on the international space station, and of course i... on the international

space station, something that has passed this certification with these by flight, because every flight, every day that passes, it gives some kind of benefit to the equipment that we have working on the international space station, and thanks to this building we are making that equipment, new equipment that will fly to russia. what are you and i doing for ross? we are preparing, we, uh, first of all, we are participating in the project, the astronauts are directly involved, yes. there seems to be a project there, well, i understood it as a general one, right? what does like mean? he is not, he is, he is already ready, he is almost protected, with the astronauts, how would we let's get acquainted, because every cosmonaut in the cosmonaut corps is like an expert, an expert in space, we are sent the entire preliminary design that is available, and we read it, discuss it, take advice, argue somewhere with designers, with designers,

come to some general opinion. and you are right in saying that it would be nice to have domes, that is, these big glass domes, so that you can relax and play sports, that is , physical, well, of course there is such a desire, but for now there may not be such materials, but thanks to the fact that we have an open

architecture as soon as possible. we will have technologies where we can make such a transparent module, which itself then darkens, like in these science fiction films, then it will appear in russia and will be developed in order to then fly further, well, there is a version of a commercial module that will be specially made for tourists, it will be, they will have separate cabins there and there will be a lot of portholes, just in my opinion they want to make two domes, yes yes, well, let's see, let's see, wait and see. well, in general, design is now being done by specially attracted students, yes, it’s very cool that ours attracted stroganov students, they have a lot of interesting projects there, then there are real professional designers, yes, yes, real professional designers, well, such beginners and they like well, they are young and well , they have an uncluttered look, but of course they offer such very similar

projects. well, there were some then, but also soviet ones, yes, yes, well then you see, then we were in first place, defense capability was, well, it’s true that now it’s in first place, then of course then survival was in first place, yes, but now they are doing the internal things - finishing the station, and well, all the comments have been taken into account, you remember, yes we lived in the service module, when we have... and where we eat, and where we go to the toilet, where we sleep, we have all this on our little patch, now, if you look at the project, the modules, where will we live, where will we eat, it’s all spread out, we sleep in one place, eat in another, toilet in the third, that is, it’s all spaced out and doesn’t interfere with each other, and it’s more convenient, here the coldest and longest winter in the world is very short, but the summer is scorching, they’re not afraid of the cold here, they’re friends with him, we’re in yakutia, friends, fasting!

i took everything with me, picked up an icicle. tseskhan is not santa claus. i don't give gifts. i keep it cold. they are like people in character, the smartest ones are in front. we try not to feed them too much. a well-fed dog runs very poorly. and just like a person works poorly. and where did you get it, in fact, they seem to say, that they are extinct. and you need to know the places.

each of them goes towards a great goal. thanks a lot. challenge, national future technology award. the awards ceremony is tomorrow on the first day. we continue to talk about the new russian orbital service station ros. with oleg artemyev. ros is the most ambitious, largest project that russia has. what other projects do we have? well, right off the bat, this is a sphere, a spectrum. the sphere is a satellite constellation, that is, it is so, well, one might say so semi-fantastic for like as if for our conditions, but in fact, our industry is already fully included in this

program, in this project, we need our own independent satellite constellation, we need communications, so our own location, our own system, which will allow, it, by the way, will push back. our mobile communications, that is, cellular communications, it is designed so that we have constant communication in any corner of the world, well , first of all, of course, in our country, and then, of course, in any part of our globe, and what it is is, that is, of course we have geostationary satellites, yes glanas, and they fly in geostationary orbits at 36,000 km, and these lower satellites will be... more, the signal will be better, it is clear, yes, that the geostationary is hanging over one point, but anyway, yes, that is, due to the fact that it is far away, the signal is not always stable, here it is closer to the ground, of course, the place

where it will fly will be smaller there, but due to the fact that there are more satellites, then they will transmit this between themselves, the connection will be more stable, and the sphere is also like if these were not only the same satellites, these were many satellites, different satellites, project sphere, project sphere, yes project sphere, and i think that this is one of such ambitious projects, as can be compared with ros, and of course here are two such near-earth observatories, we have them, that is , we can’t really talk about the sphere, well, the sphere comes first, it’s defense capability.

of our national economy and, as it were , speaking about satellites in the ros sphere , it is being developed right now to repair satellites directly in space, and that’s it. any mechanism may break down, fail, then you can improve it, for example , change its filling to a more modern one, they want to learn how to catch satellites, and deliver space to space, the cosmonauts will be engaged in repair and restoration work and launch them back, but this is a long-standing a dream, in fact, there will be a special platform, yes yes, this is an old dream and mine too, you just mentioned the non-ship operations department where i worked, this is still... 25 years ago, then they still dreamed that we would have the station had a dock outside where we, so that we catch satellites, install them, repair them, then tow them back into their orbits, i don’t quite understand how we ’ll catch them, well, there will be a tug, we

have a tug project, this tug will little by little pick up and bring , that is, we are not saying that the tug will be located near the station, or will drive the station or will be docked, and, well, those delivery ships that will deliver fuel. refuel it or it will - i don’t know what kind of electric jet engine it can use, which it will little by little achieve like then take away the broken satellite and bring it back, well, these are all such fantastic projects, but i think that this is the near future, well , they want to make this platform, but no , well, it’s in the project, it’s there, that is, there will be a module with a platform, it will be outside, just like now we have such a loading platform at mlm, which we recently had. at the exit they installed the same platform in order to dock a satellite, go into outer space or an astronaut or with the help of a manipulator, because one of those things that we will have at dew are robotic, that is, there will be manipulators

that will help us in experiments, in repairs, just to repair satellites and replace them, that is, one of dew’s tasks is testing, testing that equipment, which can then... be launched into space after we have tested it at ross, that is, it is like a testing laboratory, the ross station will dock. russian unions, unions, no, in my opinion, unions are not envisaged now, although i think maybe for the first time, but in any case, we are building our new ship, yes ptknp, eagle, yes, right now, the last name was eagle, yes, well, maybe it will remain that way, now while those docking ports, which exist now, they are intended specifically for the ship, this new generation of the eagle, for alliances there is no such opportunity yet. but - the alliances go along with the iss, everything can be,

yes, the alliances will remain on the iss, and i think that, in any case, it will be cross-border, right, that is, the iss will not be flooded, at least for a year, i i think, i think that longer, i think, i mean the first, the first modules of ros and the iss, yes, no, i'm kind of sure, i kind of have to be, that we first have to get a new station operational, that it will definitely work, it will definitely fly, also speaking, about russia, there are very great opportunities, this is our northern, yes, the northern sea route, and the sea route that we are developing on earth, new icebreakers are being built, they are already laid down, and this shortens the routes, logistics, and it will be possible to manage the station, help, yes, well, install the equipment that will be necessary for these ships, rossa herself is there, she assumes that you will have surveillance on everyone. range, that is, optical, radio-lacquer,

radio-technical, everything. well, firstly, this is for safety, that is, you never know what might happen during the northern sea route, you will have an understanding of what is happening on any icebreaker, on any ship, in the fleet our northern one, that is, you can quickly even film, filming, then there is yes, that is, yes, monitoring which ones. for ecology, for the animal world, it might be possible to count bears there, well then i think it’s really necessary to somehow say a maximum of six people to be at the station, well , it’s unlikely that six people will probably be, because it kind of assumes , that the first crew there will be, in my opinion, two people each, when, of course, when it is completely built, i think until six is, well, i think that it will all depend on how, well, on the ship that will be to fly there, i think a person... will still be there, so we talked about what will happen in the next

5-10 years, we looked a little into the future, so what do you think a person will do in 50 years in space? i think that you can even think about terroforming, it’s a dream, that is, we have two objects for terraforming, these are venus and mars, terraforming, that is, making the planet suitable for human life, i’m generally a supporter - first of all, not from mars to start with venus, would you fly away? live on venus, no, not live, but somehow, do it this way, so that it would transform and become a spare planet for the earth, i think this is possible, first there will be some kind of dereships in which the first generations will live there, then lower and lower as they are processed, then some powerful machines that will continue to recycle the atmosphere, i hope that maybe, well, 50 years, maybe this is a short period. but suddenly? oleg, today we talked about the present and

future of the space industry, and once again we were convinced that russia, as it was, is, will be the greatest space power. exactly. today my friend, pilot cosmonaut, hero of russia, oleg artemyev, visited me. it was a podcast of space stories and me, anton shkaplerov. hello, the program is on air, in the studio quiz andreeva, the main event of the day. the collection of signatures for vladimir putin, who is running for president, has started to support the leader throughout russia. positions. and what did the pre-election congresses of the communist party of the russian federation and a just russia decide for the truth? suvs,

heat guns, winter ammunition, new year 's gathering of the popular front for our defenders. instead of strength, beauty of inspiration: 130 years of gum, the history of the country's main department store is a big holiday in honor of the round anniversary. new year's tale from tatiana's team. the collection of signatures in support of vladimir putin's candidacy in the upcoming presidential elections has begun throughout the country. as a self-propelled leader, the head of state needs to collect at least 3,000 signatures by the end of january. the headquarters will work even on weekends, including in new regions. you can support the president in local branches of the popular front and united russia. reportage svetlana kostina. to clarify and explain

to everyone, thousands of volunteers across the country began collecting signatures. in kazan today with the opening of a shopping center...

and i think that as long as he has enough strength, he will do even more. in moscow , vladimir putin's election headquarters began working in gostiny dvor 2 days ago, and today it opened the doors to everyone. the official working hours of the headquarters are from 9 to 6, but judging by the number of people who want to support their candidate, they will have to work almost around the clock. the main thing is that we need

consolidation, in internal stability, i believe that the president is exactly the person who...