this is a podcast chronicling the end of times and i, evgeniy dodolev, tell you about the subculture of soviet fortsovshchiki. it’s an interesting phenomenon, because in fact, the former workers had their own subculture in the soviet union, because there were people there who pretended to be people from the country in which they specialized, for example, the italians were called allara. they dressed like italians, because they bought these things from italians, moreover, large travel companies sent tourists, there was no longer actually individual tourism, everything went in groups, so when they went to the group, they were given some kind of hats with the symbols of a travel agency, or bags with the symbols of this agency, very recognizable things and...

leningrad and tallinn and the baltic countries in general, respectively, there they had a different specialization, they looked different, dressed differently, communicated differently , they had their own slang, their own hangouts, i don’t even know if this phenomenon is described somewhere, it’s just observationalism my own, which i remember from then on, because all my student years i lived in the southwest, leninsky prospekt 150.

not to see some architectural masterpieces, no, she took me to macdonald's, because in budapest mcdonald's was opened earlier than in moscow, and that was it, well it was just wow, like come, drink coca-cola, eat these fried potatoes, big mac, i just had the impression, there were no gadgets then, i couldn’t film it and post it somewhere on the social network stories, but i then he came and told me that i was at mcdonald's about

you bought jeans in your size, sneakers in your size , and you didn’t have to hold your feet like that if your sneakers were small or wear a couple of pairs of pole socks if your sneakers were larger, but we generally went through all this somehow, well, by the way, necessary these are the boosters with whom i was familiar, whom i knew, these were all quite comfortable people, not people at all, with a good sense of humor, with...

understanding, hunting, this is an unworthy business from the point of view of the system, although from the point of view of modern realities it's just business a person chose this kind of occupation for himself, this is how he earned money, when this fear was overcome, then , in fact, what can they do to you if you

don’t plunge into all these currency frauds and you don’t face a real sentence and a real pressure, then in fact you risk nothing except showdowns with competitors , because the farcists had their own designated zones there, but in any case it was somehow regulated, if a person entered this territory, if you didn’t bring him, he without recommendation appeared at one or another station, there could have been all sorts of showdowns, the most harmless thing was when a person was simply handed over to the police, they could, by the way, plant something else, there was a rather noisy story about which... they talked about a vigilante , who, during this raid of some kind , recognized his former classmate, began to collaborate with him as first a forging assistant, then became a much

more serious figure in this business than his mentor, and he is his mentor. cleared a clearing, he handed him over for... throwing him some currency, that is, he was imprisoned, he used to clear the clearing, eh, then he went out and after his imprisonment he killed his comrade, or his sister killed him, i don’t remember these details now, but these stories were told as if, after all, this is such a business, well, difficult, where, because where there is big money, there can be big troubles, in addition, there was such a... moscow region, not necessarily from lyubertsy, they were just dubbed lyubera, but in general they are from any area

boys could come to the moscow region, they were called urla, so they could either... physically somehow punish for blackmail, or most often they simply imposed a tribute, that is, you had to register in one or another area that they supervised, well that is, this is such a forerunner of the racketeering that arose in the nineties, in the nineties, as we understand, there was no blackmail, as soon as these shuttles appeared, that is , people had the opportunity to travel abroad, bring and, most importantly, officially implement it completely , then actually and... there was no longer any need for blackmail, although many blacksmiths had already developed such close connections with foreigners, who there had the same scheme as putan, with prostitutes, that is, a frenchman he knew , he

told another frenchman who was traveling to moscow , here, take a phone number, take this and that there, because these things are best to sell, and if we are talking about foreigners from... the warsaw pact countries, that is, from eastern europe, then these brought exactly the same amount, how many were taken away, because in the soviet union it was possible to buy many things that didn't sell. let's say, well, in poland, the poles specialize very much in this, they bought french perfume, here french perfumes, which were much cheaper in the soviet union than in france, even calculated at the official exchange rate, because these were so-called petrodollars , that is, it was a barter relationship, we sent oil, received not only foreign exchange earnings from the state, but also partly in goods, and these goods were from... from france - this is perfumery, from finland - these are clothing products, and they were sold in

soviet stores, of course, everything was sold out instantly, that is, either there were some crazy queues where you had to sign up, or it went under the counter, but in principle, the poles bought it here very, very many things were exported to poland, because they seemed to have welded it twice, they came. they sold something here, they made money here, and they brought something from the soviet union to poland and sold it there and made money here and there, you can find all episodes of the podcastlab project watch on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru, this is a podcast of the chronicle of the end of times and i, evgeniy dodleev, tell you about the subculture of soviet black marketeers for implementation. often, by the way, they were also used, in addition to stores

, well, retail outlets, the so-called ones, where they threw away, there was such a term , goods were thrown away, these goods were thrown away , there were also thrift stores, my classmate, to whom i was married in my first marriage, had these two girlfriends, twins, they worked in thrift stores, one in one, the other in different, that is, they did not work in the same store, i... bought something from them, what was the scheme, they were very integrated into this system of blackmailing, because the blackmailers were many of those things that were - well they didn’t sell out like hot cakes, they handed them over to a thrift store, and there was a certain kind of conspiracy there, because the receptionist at the thrift store, she could, she had some kind of fork, she could value things for 30 rubles, she could.

when these two sisters, with the help of their farcical acquaintances, organized something like this the kind of business that, let’s say , a specialist who came from abroad brought some thing to a consignment store, he was given the minimum possible estimate for these things, and immediately a call rang out to a friend of the iron, who came to the opening of this consignment store. i bought this thing officially through the cashier and immediately took it to my sister

in the second store, where she put the same thing at the maximum price, that is, in general , a very, very dusty job, that is , literally 15-20 minutes of work and there you could make money there, well 100 rubles there and and or even more, there were many of these schemes, from the point of view, probably of modern people - especially young people, they will not understand at all what we can talk about here.

will sell for more and sell for more, i not only bought jeans and not only sold things that clara asked me to sell, i was a music lover, it was the same story with records, that is, yes, the melodiya company released some licensed things, including including the release of records by those performers who were there, let’s say, by me or... favorites, but this happened, i don’t know, well, once every quarter, once every six months, by the way, there was a very funny story when the melodiya company released a record. paul macartney, but since paying for a collection, a license and or for a numbered album was a completely different order of money, they removed one song from the album, from another album they put this thing on love songs, and this began to be blamed on

the collection, although it was there relatively speaking, nine out of ten were from that original album, and one was added from another, it went on. like - a collection of these records, so like one of polo macartney’s records specially released in the soviet union, and many people exported it to the west, because it was such a joke, such a rarity, this vinyl was a good gift, and all this was sold on the gum line farthest from red square , not far from the record department, there was... where records were sold, there was such a black market, that is, young people hung out there, they exchanged this vinyl, bought, sold, and often you could get caught out of the blue, because let's say, a man came with a record that he either listened to and already recorded on a tape recorder, or he just

wanted to get rid of it, he wanted some other record, he was ready to exchange it, but the one who had the desired vinyl, he... needed either money or something completely another thing, so a person sold a record in order to later buy another record, well, at the very moment of sale, when he received the money, he already became, in general , an object of potential interest of the police, because this was, in general, illegal trade from your hands, again, if it wasn’t possible it was possible to prove that this was speculation with the aim of making money, that is , they couldn’t get you out of the way, but you could be provided with a headache. in general, somewhere i can say about myself that in my student years i was such a seller of the light category, because i sold records, bought records, helped my friend lari sell goods brought from hungary, all this came to naught, when, in fact, firstly,

currency exchange in the country was legalized, and secondly, freedom to travel appeared and this shuttle movement began, they began to bring here things have already been organized, in general the end of times has come, it was a podcast chronicling the end of times, and i, evgeniy dodalev, told you about the social culture of soviet black marketeers. hello, this is a podcast of precious stories and i am the host, director of the all-russian museum of alexander sergeevich pushkin, sergei nekrasov. today we will talk about the tsarsko-selo lyceum. most recently, support

for the ideas of reviving an educational institution in tsarskoye selo for training was confirmed at the highest level. civil servant, about what kind of training it will be institution, what its programs will be, we, of course, will not say, but we will focus on the history of the lyceum on how this educational institution differed from many others. the lyceum arose at the very beginning of the 19th century, when in 1801 the emperor... ascended the throne, he proposed a program for transforming the country, but it turned out that in general there was no one to implement this program, there were no trained specialists of a high state level who could carry out with energy and skill the reforms that were intended

the tsar proposed serious reforms, especially since the emperor’s main assistant in this matter was mikhail mikhailovich spiransky, an outstanding russian reformer, an outstanding statesman of our fatherland. and it was precisely he, spiransky , who came up with the idea of ​​creating a special educational institution, the main task of which, as he believed, should be the education of youth. especially intended for important parts of the public service, he thought that it should be, firstly, close s

... the tsar did not react immediately, he needed to familiarize himself with this document, listen to the opinion of those dignitaries who were authoritative people for him, he gave this, of course, into the hands of count alexei kirilovich razumovsky, the then minister of public education, for one and a half for years there was a discussion about the charter of the future educational institution, and i could not resist. from the temptation to take a copy of this charter from the auxiliary fund of our museum, which we will now leaf through, but since this is still at

least an auxiliary, but a museum fund, then first of all, you must put on gloves and only then turn to this charter; the charter is a beautiful work of art.

there are mathematical and physical sciences, arithmetic, geometry, algebra, there are historical sciences, russian history, foreign history, geography, chronology, there are the initial foundations of elegant writing. selected passages from the best writers with analysis of them and the rules of rhetoric: penmanship, drawing, dancing, fencing, horse riding and swimming. the charter was signed by emperor alexander i. and minister of public education, count alexei kirillovich razumovsky. the charter was signed on august 12. 1810 in the kamenoostrovsky palace, then the emperor went in the best mood to petergov for the holiday, and instructed spiransky

to closely take care of lyceum affairs. it took a year and a half to select a staff of teachers. and i must say that in 1808 . when spiransky first proposed the charter of the lyceum to emperor alexander i, 12 of the best graduates of the st. petersburg pedagogical institute were sent to an internship to continue their education, as they put it in stupid times, to foreign lands, to france, to germany, where they received this additional education for 3 years. and...

they tried to pretend all this in their teaching practice. the first director of the lyceum was vasily fedovich malinovsky. a wonderful person, an outstanding figure in russian education, the author of a famous work in the stupid era, and even a somewhat sensational one in the stupid era, of the treatise on eternal peace. and everything was already ready for the very day when the lyceum was supposed to open. true, before. it was still necessary to determine the composition of the students, so at the beginning of january 1811 , an announcement appeared in moscow and st. petersburg newspapers: about

the creation of a new educational institution for representatives of the young russian nobility and young men aged 11-12 years old who would like to study at face, it turns out that the minister of public education, who was involved in all the details of the creation of the lyceum, organized these tests directly at home, in that at one time, count alexei kirillovich razumovsky had a beautiful palace and park ensemble on the banks of the fontanka, it is literally opposite the current building of the large drama theater from the fontanka to the country avenue, it was a luxurious building where applicants for

this high title began to gather. the lyceum student's exams were really serious, a good half of these tests did not pass, but still 30 people were selected for the first year for the first graduation, and having received notification that they had been accepted for study at face, these boys were accompanied by their fathers or grandfathers...

who came to study at the lyceum. and finally, on october 19, 1811, the solemn ceremony began. of course, first of all there was a divine service, and then all the guests gathered in the large hall of the imperial tsarsko-selo lyceum. and in this room, which we now see, at the table,

they were themselves. they began to introduce future lyceum students to him, and for the first time the name alexander pushkin was heard here under the arches of this hall, there were a lot of speeches, there were speeches, at first quite a lot. official, government officials, and then the floor was given to the adjunct professor, kunitsin, who threw away all sorts of papers, addressing the students, made a speech where he never mentioned, unlike others, the name of the emperor, but where , addressing them, he said: "let love for the glory of the fatherland be your leaders."

emperor alexander... hello, the news is live in the studio of sergei tugushev. at the beginning of the issue, briefly about the main thing. the onslaught of the elements hit the south of russia, with about seventy fallen trees in sochi alone. people were asked not to go out. foxes, holes, etc.