having said that she has things to do, that this is an important job, it means i can also have some important things to do, some important work, how else will i learn that i can have something independent. this is a psyche podcast, where i, journalist natalya losyeva, my today’s expert psychologist svetlana shtokareva, our heroine oksana, figure out how to separate in adulthood. you said that you didn’t have a very good experience in this sense, because parents, well, mothers. i couldn’t separate myself, you and mom you can become an example, and it’s not too late , no, it’s never too late, but then there will be a different separation from mom, an adult, mature separation, a separation from a woman who may also have her own personal life, personal life, but they are, probably, with dad oksana they didn’t learn this at all , it’s not too late to start, this is such a wonderful, mature married couple, where the dad is so loving,

so reverent, so responsive, this can be a completely new stage in life for mature parents, how old are your parents, mother 63, dad is 61, well, young in general, a wonderful age, but what about this syndrome of an abandoned nest, or also called a ruined nest, when even forty- and fifty-year-old people find it extremely difficult when their children leave the house. only if they have nothing else to do. and what do your parents have , oksan, that could replace those everyday life when you are not there? well, dad has a job, my mom is generally great in this regard, she is a needlewoman, she is a traveler, they have excursions on excursions, theaters, together they dad travels extremely rarely, because mostly now mom is retired and she has a sister who is also retired, so they go on excursions together.

with your sister , they said that your mother spends a lot of time , yeah, as i understand it, they have relatives and i also saw this thread, you are in a relationship, yes, very much, but at the same time they don’t need to live together, maybe that’s also an example for everyone, yes, yes, yes, you know, how is that also really interesting. it happened in

life, they have, they are twins, they have a difference birth half an hour, yes, it turned out that her sister got married first, when my grandfather received an apartment at one time, that is, they decided that the apartment would just stay with the newlyweds, and then a few years later my mother got married, gave birth to a child already well, so sometimes i ask, i say, why, well, you still didn’t have a goal to buy an apartment there, they say, yes, somehow we lived. it seemed like we had enough, everything was fine, but now, of course, it’s a little cramped, a little cramped. well, oksan, did you have any ideas or feelings? who will help you to begin to resolve this situation, without a solution that is obvious to you yet or some kind of solution strategy? i felt lightness inside, a lightness of understanding that when i... i leave, my parents and my grandmother

will be able to be happy and happy that i am building my personal life, absolutely, and what i liked when oksana said, no if i leave, when i leave, well , you really know how i have this problem and the moment has been inside me for a long time and this is how the ball sits, now i understand that this ball just unwinds, and it just feels easy for me. it’s easy from the realization that i can , you know, this is actually a very important thing, that you say this, because it’s so warm, just warm, conscious, i wouldn’t even say parting, but a transition to a new quality of life, under such circumstances , it is very important for those who start on a good path, those... who must follow their own

path, who must really create their own family, their own, their own traditions, yes, where something will really arise only thanks to you.

heroines, what to do? you didn’t give advice, you just asked questions, was it improvisation or was it some kind of technique for the heroine to come up with solutions to the questions? well, it was definitely an improvisation, but at the same time, it could become a style of conducting a consultation, a style of conducting a conversation, when i relied on the best that is in our heroine. at something that had not yet been revealed, but was definitely ripe to be revealed, and it seemed to me that it was important to look at that meaningful, absolutely, the potential that can and should be used, instead of sorting out the traumatic experience

of destructive relationships, where, more importantly, more correctly, it seems to me, it is very useful to look at what should appear from what is needed for it to appear , instead of... there, sawing sawdust about how terrible this story is in general, that my god, four generations are milling around in one kitchen, it’s not interesting. i like the positive approach of the logotherapist and existential psychologist svetlana shtupareva, who helped our heroine oksana, as i see it and as it seems to me, solve her not very simple and easy situation. it was a psychic podcast. well, as for vladimir ilyevich , for some he is great, a statesman

, a revolutionary, etc., for others he is simply satan, that is, it was so, it is, and i assume that it will be so, i propose to talk about that, here he... myths that were created during his lifetime, which were picked up after the collapse of the soviet union, and, interestingly, those people who praised lenin before the year ninety-one began to throw mud at him after the year ninety-one, traditionally wavered from the general line of the party, so the task is to clear lenin of myths, it is huge too,

but we need to do this in order to break through to objective knowledge about this by far the largest figure in the history of the 20th century. hello, this is a history podcast. russia the west is on the swing of history, with you are pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov, today we will deal with the biography of the russian leader revolution of vladimir ilivich lenin. from a historical point of view, well, literally yesterday, and so much happened, that is , an unimaginable number of all sorts of events, and of course, a very contradictory opinion about this figure, sometimes they compare him with peter the great.

a later period, this is the period of ancient repressions, already collectivization, may heaven forgive me, i allow myself to compare lenin with the apostle paul. there were a lot of apostles, but there was only one paul; it was the paulicanism that created christianity. there was a lot here theorists of marxism, well, the most influential and popular in russia was plekhanov, in western europe, say, kaudsky, yes, but... as said, there were few practitioners, organizers of the uprising, well, pavel said not elina, not

a jew, but lenin brought marxism also to the mongolian steppes and to africa, so yes, for some time this was a teacher of such a planetary scale, no doubt. in fact, you are right, western european marxists, not marx himself, but his followers, quite dogmatic, like kaudsky. plekhanov was distinguished by dogmatism to a lesser extent, but nevertheless, they believed that all countries would come to socialism more or less the same way, so lenin just revised this point of view, saying that there may be more than one path to socialism, and that the methods by which one can achieve the authorities may be different, it was lenin who owned the model that largely determined the face of social struggle in the 20th century, the model of a new type of party, which lenin wrote in the book, what to do,

obliges you to carry out these decisions, even if you do not agree with them, this is the model turned out to be effective in the conditions of the illegal existence of the social democratic movement in russia, the russian empire, and for other countries where the leftist movement, the national liberation movement was also illegal, this model turned out to be very effective, including in the struggle of a number of countries for independence from the colonial yoke during the 20th century, during the waves of decolonization, so it really is on a planetary scale. read his articles, what ’s interesting is that he quite often repeats the main idea in the article several times with different sides, so that people have different

levels of literacy, because he counted not only on intellectuals, professional revolutionaries, members of his party, but also people who had recently joined the party, the same machine workers who were also present in the party in large numbers , uh, in order to convey this idea to them, he turns it around in different ways, yes in texts, yes, and not only in texts, at rallies, he returned, sometimes several times to the same one. he returned the main thoughts, of course, without fail, but, but, but in different ways, yes, in order to drive it into people’s heads, yes , with the help of persuasion, in this sense his style differed from the style of trotsky, who was very stormy, bright, who was more interested in rhetoric rather than logic, with the fact that lenin’s it is very difficult to argue with logic, even his enemies admitted it, and lenin managed to convince the party to actually turn 180° several times, in particular this was in his famous april theses, when... he announced the possibility of a socialist revolution immediately after the bourgeois-democratic one, february revolution, that the bourgeois reformers

, the provisional government would not even carry out bourgeois-democratic reforms, would not give land to the peasants, which happened, yes, but the path to the revolution was far from easy, as far as i remember, memories of his childhood , well, yes, then, under the soviet regime, a whole... lenin was created, lenin was small, with a curly head, he also ran in felt boots, on an icy hill, and so on and so forth, but in principle, if we take the memories of his teachers, he was brilliant a student, a gold medalist, he was interested in many things, but to say that he was downright... passionate about socio- political disciplines, no one noticed this about him,

he was, in fact, a good, wonderful, talented person in his environment , well, not everyone, so to speak , turns out to be a revolutionary, but in lenin’s family, all the children became revolutionaries, from the eldest alexander to the younger sisters, well, they came later, so to speak, that’s all, but this happened, among other things, because because... that lenin's father was a typical sixties man, yes, he was a teacher, then at one time he was a director, and accordingly he was an inspector of schools, he rose to a high rank, yes, he received... hereditary nobility, lenin was a nobleman, yes, yes, he deprived himself of his nobility after october of the seventeenth years, when the estates were completely liquidated, equalized, and so, lenin, well then volodya ulyanov, was the son of a man who had great hopes, was generally raised to public life in the sixties, he was raised on the values

​​of the sixties, on the values ​​in including russian classical literature, and what happened in... the great reforms of alexander i, he dreamed during the reforms, he dreamed after that, as was the case with the sixties, which you are talking about, he still dreams today, that’s right, that’s why he didn’t everyone goes into revolution, so yes, the very situation in the family, it set one up for a certain kind

of thoughts, and probably the older brother also came to this not without the influence, so to speak, of this... sphere of the home, but nevertheless , the revolutionary was vladimir ilyevich lenin, in my opinion, first of all it was not the situation in general that did it, but the specific, specific death of his older brother, who was a huge authority for him, was an authority, but still, if you look at the chronology, he just when his brother was executed, he passed the exams, yes, he entered kazan university , to the faculty of law, which we were going to, by the way. speaking, people who wanted to change the system from within, well, and then he was expelled, as you know, for participating in a student meeting, in soviet times they created a myth that he was almost a leader, imagine a freshman who 3 studied for a month, of course , he was not a leader of any kind, he simply took part and was expelled from the list of others, then, what is also important, he graduated as an external student from the st. petersburg

faculty of law, after several petitions he was refused several times, his mother wrote a petition, he wrote a petition , and i also say: he understood perfectly well that this was not a solution to the problem, so to speak, when he came to the revolution, remember what his nickname was, yes, he was an old man, because he looked older than his years, he went bald early, in addition, he compared to other youth , student youth, he came to the revolution later than them, yes, we just usually have an image of the late lenin, in general, he went through

several stages, i would say, and the first stage was, of course, after... first, a passion for populism, of course , chernoshevsky remained his idol for the rest of his life , his book, what to do, was almost a reference book for him for many, many years, later he had already sifted through marx, engels, feuerbach, hegel, he with such i even remembered with enthusiasm as a teenager in general, the pages of this book, although...

well, by the way, i don’t agree that the book is very boring, it didn’t even seem boring to me at school, i also studied it at school as a mandatory, no, just how to read it, that’s utopia, in fact, this book was written in a special genre, utopia, these dreams of vera palovna, famous there, yes, these are utopian dreams that paint a picture of the future society, but it’s hard to blame the author for being boring, in my opinion, it’s hard to blame, you can , but difficult, which in the book is distinguished by self-irony, he is above himself mocks somewhat, is ironic , despite the fact that he is talking about very serious things, by the way, many people then were in...

women using a sewing machine, okay, the main thing is that, in general, rakhmetov, who is depicted in this book , who thought about the happiness, so to speak, of all people and so on, this is the book she laid down. some kind of emotional, i would say, foundation in lenin’s soul, and as for the text, that is, some kind of doctrine, then this was already marxism, but he also did not come to marxism right away, because in general he some kind degree he repeated his teacher, lekhanov. with the only difference that lekhanov was a convinced orthodox marxist, and

lenin then moved to a higher level, he began to develop this marxism, i would say, in relation to the changing, changing historical situation, primarily russian, of course, but plekhanov he respected extraordinarily, although...

well, i would have accepted bolshevism with greater understanding than some swedish model of social democracy, because in the end it was marx who wrote that i had sown to... teeth, some fleas have appeared. i think that in a certain sense lenin actually understood marx better. sometimes we say crazy

things, including wild anti-communism, of course it exists. and , uh, when lenin is criticized, it reaches the point of complete absurdity, and makes a difference between communists, communism and fascism, although , well, just the initial goal setting uh in the german case presupposes germany above all, a superman, and racism, and racism, and communism presupposes directly different, a humanistic social ideal, the free development of everyone , there are conditions for free development, the practice of implementing an idea there is one thing, the idea itself is another, it’s important to say here, you touched on questions, in particular about the future dictatorship, but the bolsheviks had absolutely no intention of establishing a dictatorship, they found themselves involved, as a result of a fierce

civil war, they at first believed that it was possible to do without much bloodshed, when they came to power, they abolished the death penalty, which was restored by the provisional government, first abolished and under interim government, then kornilov restored it, and so the bolsheviks in the spring of 18 , when kornilov was defeated, when the otmandutov fled from orenburg, they believed that the civil war had been won. overestimating the possibility of a world revolution, and no matter how one treats lenin, the question of his erudition, he also became a theorist, an outstanding theorist, this was recognized by european marxists at a fairly early age, when he wrote, he was not 30 years old, the development of capitalism in russia, in which he showed that russia is becoming in all, despite the predominance of the peasant population, it is a capitalist country. the book was directed against the populists, but he summarized such an array of statistical, economic material, including being in exile, yes, that it turned out to be extremely difficult to argue with this, an interesting point,

is this a national figure or is he a convinced internationalist in his worldview , a westerner. in the end, he was, well, what can be said, a defeated marxist and in general, i have the impression that everything that happened around him and generally existed, whether it was, i don’t know, politics, military affairs, man, the lord god.

russia, when the revolution took place in russia, he defended the interests of the russian revolution, believing that the defense of the russian revolution was , but at the same time he considered and made the revolution the best means for a world revolution to occur, not in the sense that russia should send the red army and to europe, which in my opinion is not a contradiction, perhaps you are right, there is one topic that

cannot be avoided. and they wrote very a lot, they accused the bolsheviks, lenin, this topic, the so-called dirty german money, accusations were directed regarding receiving money from germany in different directions, but also in relation to lenin, the scandal between february and october was very strong in this regard, lenin had to create such underground groups within. of the central committee in order to deal with the issue of expropriations, it was the bolsheviks who were engaged in expropriations, the most famous story from the robbery of the bank led by como is famous, so they took money from anyone, they took it from artists, they took it, there is a story about one priest who , as he said, gave his savings to gorky , that is, in fact, for the bolsheviks, they took it from...

they took it from a beggar student, they took it from famous lawyers, the factory owners were taken, so to speak, from sava morozov, so in principle , in my opinion, the very idea is permissible that lenin was not for himself personally, naturally, not out of selfish motives, in the interests of the party, the world revolution, in general, his politics, he on this i could go, lenin was a politician, that, i repeat, is theoretical evidence. no, the name parvos, well known to many, could somehow be financed, this is probably possible, what do you think? i don’t agree, i can speak here as an archivist, since there are no sources that would indicate that the bolsheviks took money from the germans, and those that exist are falsifications. the most famous story is with the documents of sisson, an american representative to whom the clever polish adventurer and

writer. by the way, so polish fenimore cooper. ferdinand asendovsky sold a whole stack of documents that he himself falsified, this was established first by the american historian canon, then by our wonderful historian vitaly ivanovich startsev. he did not restore the way these documents were falsified, claiming that the bolsheviks allegedly took money from the germans to create a revolution. the so-called german sources about lenin’s german money are also either falsified, or this is indirect evidence, when after the revolution. figures, i won’t name their names now, their a lot , the germans, some german revolutions in russia, tried to take credit for themselves in retrospect, but there are no specific sources, in addition, the story with parvus, another story is important here, parvus, because of the first russian revolution he was a revolutionary and even a co-author of trotsky in the theory of permanent revolution , but during the first world war, he really turned into an agent of the german government, when he came to lenin, lenin did not talk to him,

this is recorded. and lenin's contacts with parvus during the first world war were absent, lenin branded parvus as a traitor to the interests of the proletariat, who had sold out to the imperialists. yes, he wrote a lot about this. and, he acted accordingly, and there , by the way, there is a story with a company that allegedly created parvas at one time and which allegedly financed the bolsheviks, it’s interesting there, when all the documentation was raised, it turned out that the money did not come from stokolm, it was a swedish company of gonetsky , yes, not from stockholm to russia, but from russia to stockholm to finance the foreign bureau of the bolsheviks, that is, on the contrary, the bolsheviks after all, they believed, and lenin believed so, that there are means that discredit the very goal, and to take money from the imperialists during the war... which will be used by the imperialists to suppress the revolutionary movement, this thing is completely impossible, so there was ethics here, revolutionary ethics is still not an empty phrase, an information war, it is also a war,

these information wars did not begin yesterday, not today, actually during the first, during the fight against the bolsheviks, during the july events, just when bolsheviks accomplished, by the way, contrary to the idea... to work with a german worker, more literate than a russian worker, more could have been done there and so on, i have the impression that in principle lenin was ready to work, yes, of course, this russian

man, yes, of course, he wanted a revolution in russia, but in principle he was ready to work for the revolution anywhere, i have the impression that if i didn’t know, relatively speaking, there had been a revolution in haiti, he would have been there too created ilyach's light bulb. the red army and fought against illiteracy. we we continue the historical podcast of russia the west on the swing of history, today we are talking about lenin. his reasoning about the world revolution, in my opinion, they still dominated the question, so to speak, such a patriotic one, how we could organize russia there, that is, he was thought about in the first place. as much about russia as about what will happen in general. lenin in exile, despite the deepest reaction in russia after the suppression of the first russian revolution, did not try to make a revolution in germany, he continued to make a revolution in

russia, continued to revive the party that needed to be created, it was his will that worked in this, just literally from the ruins, and lenin managed from abroad, with the help, of course, of his comrades, with the help, by the way, of krupskaya, who was secretary. party, and not just lenin’s wife, she played a very important organizational role and managed to recreate the party. for him, of course, the idea of ​​world revolution was fundamental. but look at the irony of history: during the civil war, the white movement came out with patriotic slogans for a united indivisible russia, yes, against the bolsheviks, but with the support of the interventionists who supported the whites, not just like that, not for reasons of drowning.

faith in the world revolution, but lenin believed that by preserving the revolution in russia, it would be possible to preserve this hotbed of revolution, which would then spread thanks to the crisis of capitalism throughout the world, because the bolsheviks also perceived the revolution as an important moment, like all marxists, not as an event , we have a feeling that a revolution is when the taking of power is late soviet times, of course not. therefore, the bolsheviks themselves, the same lenin , the same trutsky, could calmly call the october events a revolution, not because it somehow belittled them, no, simply because it was part of the revolutionary process, and the revolutionary process is the formation of a new classless society, a society

social justice, which cannot arise in one single country from the point of view of classical marxism from the point of view of lenin himself, i remembered, as it were, the role of the individual, you mentioned lenin, you mentioned tros. because indeed, strictly speaking, their role is really very large, on the other hand, already after the fact after the victory -

pole derzhinsky, please, hungarian belokun, please, the latvian riflemen left, however, a trace that is downright scary, frankly speaking, but nevertheless , oleg adundich, croatian, dashing cavalryman, that’s why i sometimes say that i mentioned that they had such a leaven of character or something, that’s why i say lenin, if... it happened that he ended up somewhere- then in gaita, he

would have struggled with illiteracy there too, creating the red army, probably, maybe, but first of all, in my opinion, since we ’ve lost it and decided to dream up, we can afford it, he would still passionately strive to return to russia, there are his letters from when the february revolution took place , he missed one revolution, the first russian revolution, in exile, he was waiting for a legal reason to return and actually missed it, he really didn’t want to miss the next one, and he literally... bombarded inessa armand, alexandra kolantay, and his other comrades with letters in the days february revolution about the need to return to russia by any means, in this sense, he really made a compromise with the german government, which, out of its interests, of course, allowed the bolsheviks, and not only the bolsheviks, there were also mensheviks, anarchists, the socialist revolutionary party and the socialist revolutionary party, yes , there are many different ones across the territory of germany, because it was simply beneficial for the germans for the internationalists, opponents of the first world war, to get to russia.

and believed, talked a lot about the upcoming battles, so to speak, revolutionary, he believed that this post-war crisis must be used, that it was like a leaven for the revolution, and rejected all objections on this matter, up to a certain point. this very resolution, yes, which the western proletarian will not be able to read,

the western man will not be able to read, he writes that everything said in the resolution remains a dead letter. i believe that the most important thing for all of us, both for russians and for foreign comrades, is that after 5 years of the russian revolution we must learn, we now just got the opportunity to study, i don’t know how long this opportunity will last, i don’t know how long the capitalist powers will give us the opportunity to study in peace, but every moment is occasioned by military activity, from... has left a mark in world history, of course no less than the great french revolution, because this one in this world mosaic, when this puzzle of the russian empire fell and broke, it turned out that the country of the soviets

could be inserted with a different configuration, without touching everything the rest is simply impossible. you can watch all episodes of the historical podcast russia west on the swing of history on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru. hello, this is witnessstein's podcast and its hosts, i am film historian stanislav dizdinsky and i am film historian natalya ryabchikova. why witnesses from einstein? sergei ezenstein is still one of the largest figures in the history of russian

cinema; everything that makes up this movie seems to revolve around him. esenstein's witnesses are us, we are witnesses of how... how russian cinema has been created and continues to be created, we want to make sure that modern viewers find it pleasant, interesting, useful to watch classic, popular, little-known, forgotten films of russian cinema, and today we will talk about gleb panfilov’s film the beginning, which was released in the seventieth year, but despite despite the fact that it is known, perhaps not everyone knows how it was made, in what context, under what conditions, and what could... happen after it in the fate of panfilov, churikova and soviet cinema in general, in fact, panfilov, our the hero, as a director and as the author of the script, is the person who launches, of course, this story, but it launches in his first full-length film of the year sixty-seven, which is called there is no ford in fire, where churikova,

panfilov, and this film comes to him as a not very young man, and his story, the story of greb ponfilov too... is important for how the film turned out, because he started working as an engineer at a factory, not at all in moscow, he became interested in films like this amateur, yes, he started working for television, entered the correspondence department at avgig at the camera department, and only then came to finish the higher courses for screenwriters and directors in moscow, and his first, actually, full-length film was a film for him personally, far from the first, of course. and this story was read by him in a magazine of the year thirty-nine, in the magazine krasnaya nov, it seems, there was a story, a story about the civil war, about a nurse on a train, who was also an artist, who was the author of this story in the year thirty-nine, evgeniy gavrilovich, that’s who evgeniy

gavrilovich is, this is a legendary soviet screenwriter, well, in fact , the story that they started working with was a story about the civil war and this... came up very often in gabriilovich’s work, it’s generally quite there was an important point, the civil war, this was the beginning of a new world, the beginning of a new world, yes, that is, the moment when some soviet truth was laid, i would say, from which all young people later based themselves, who tried to live and preach some principles in their lives, that is , for this story, which was written by a screenwriter of the previous generation, panfilov needed a new... actress, and somewhere in some television program, it seems, he saw inna churikov, perhaps their acquaintance looked the way it looked in the film, the beginning of the acquaintance of the director and actress, well...