we can already afford some more substantial proteins, yes, that is, we are meat, well , rarely does anyone eat meat for breakfast, although before everyone ate sausage and were happy, well, now we can eat our favorite suvit, this is boiled chicken, very good breakfast, i think, but people are more accustomed to eating something like cottage cheese, eggs, porridge, salmon, for example, yes, that will be absolutely wonderful, and here it’s very important to say about apples, so that again it’s not a waste. excess fat depot, then the same apples or any other seasonal fruits, persimmons, pomegranates, tangerines, they should be eaten as a dessert after breakfast and after lunch, this is a very important point, because there is a very, very strong myth circulating on the internet that fruits eaten with the main meal lead to fermentation, rotting, and so on, and they fall . it means that this is the meat, and the meat

takes a long time to digest, and the fruits wait their turn and then wander, whoever wants, but well, this is true, yes, yes, it’s not even primitive, it’s just false, in fact, if you eat a fruit on an empty stomach, then the absorption of glucose occurs much faster, the rise glucose is much higher, and accordingly the synthesis of insulin is also greater; after all, insulin is an anabolic hormone in our country. if we eat only carbohydrates, then , strictly speaking, we have this energy vector for the construction of adipose tissue, well, in a very simple way, and if we eat protein, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, cottage cheese and so on, and then as a dessert we eat an apple or any other fruit or berries, then, firstly, the absorption of glucose is not so fast, it is more gradual, the rise of this level is low, and accordingly. insulin

doesn’t go off scale either, and figuratively speaking, well, that is, the apples there don’t wait their turn while the meat is digested, they are digested from the very first minute they get into the stomach , it’s relieved, well, it’s very good, mind you, we smile a lot today, or because we are talking about delicious fruits, but by the way, there is also such a non-obvious thing that those fruits and berries that we eat now... they are completely different, they are much tastier, sweeter, more attractive than let's say, some 10, 20, 30 years ago, that is, there is certainly selection going on to increase fructose and glucose in our vegetables, fruits and so on, i agree, perhaps yes, and the likelihood of fattening from them is certainly higher , yes, well, eat an apple.

so to speak, sweet and eating wild, sorry, there’s a very big difference, but i once picked a tangerine from a tangerine tree in the region where it grows, i must say, it was impossible to eat, that’s why yes , of course, selection does its job, i remember, i have such a memory, when i was in greece for the first time in my life, i was shocked, they were squeezing me out right on the street. malka, and they squeezed the juice out of the oranges right away, which means they sold it right away, and i was shocked, because it turns out that freshly squeezed orange juice is very sweet, just incredibly sweet, it’s good that you remembered about the juice, because it’s very important to say here, that freshly squeezed juice is often perceived as an element of a good life, yes, and sometimes patients also say: doctor, i drink it every day freshly survived. juice, and i grab my head

, i say: it’s very in vain that you are doing this, this can be done as some kind of exclusive, well, for example, i was once in a hotel that was located in an orange grove, and there were these juicers everywhere too , and just for fun, well, you pick it and squeeze it and drink it, that’s it, there are no more situations where i drink fresh juices, why don’t i do that, because when we eat an orange, one medium orange, but one orange is enough for us , and what? to get a glass of juice, we need to survive two or medium three and an orange, imagine how much glucose you immediately get, this is just a blow to the system, this is a blow to the liver, first of all, because the liver begins to process fructose, and what does it process into excess fructose , wonderful, wonderful, the same fattening with which we started begins, here we probably need to talk about the fact that... that fructose

is such a thing that nature invented precisely so that people, animals, mammals accumulated fat, this is an evolutionary mechanism and therefore. fructose first suppresses hunger, well, for a short time, not for long, and then it fuels hunger, and the more fructose you take, the stronger your hunger, all for what? in order to accumulate as much fat as possible, when we start eating fruits and berries in huge quantities, then we enter this vicious circle and come out of it with beautiful manuls, timoshas, ​​timoshas. dress well, the way we are dressed now, yes, any clothing, as they say, is not bad now weather, there are bad clothes, then it was

more difficult for him then, and the additional layer for winter, the fat layer, it certainly didn’t bother him in any way, but the man at that time was still very active physically and he... still had brown fat, which suppresses inflammation as much as possible, that is, it balances these fat deposits so that they do not harm a person, we are now very hypodynamic, we do not spend a tenth of the energy that our great-great-forefathers spent many thousands of years ago, that’s why we have such an amount of fat no layer needed. and with you again podcast deception of substances and its hosts, the main one. doctor komsomolskoy truth olesya nosova and i am an endocrinologist zukhra pavlova. zukhra, you keep saying, now is the season of tangerines, now is the season of persimmons and so on, but in fact, the season of tangerines and persimmons is actually all the time, you can always get it for yourself, this is on the one hand, of course

cool, on the other hand, but this is bad for physiology, because when you and i ate cherries during the cherry season, we formed certain substances of the immune system to this one. the cherries themselves, and if you continue to eat them, as now with cherries , everything may not be so good, with strawberries, blueberries in general, raspberries, and raspberries, everything is fine, always available, it just costs much more, it seems to us that this is also an element of a beautiful life, this is how it should be, we ate, accumulated certain substances, then during the absence of this product we cleaned ourselves, sauerkraut, our everything, yes, we replaced all this with sauerkraut and cleaned ours. the body, allowing the immune system, as they say, to function fully and freely, by the next season, already bored, cleansed, figuratively speaking , they came to normal products, this is another word cleansing, detox, it has also

already acquired some kind of abusive version, because everyone cleanses something, some intestines, some are the liver, some are the head, i don’t know, don’t do this, we have an excellent self-regulatory system. it just doesn’t bother her to respect the seasonality, but do you drink juices often, oles? no, i don't drink juice at all, i have a great juicer, i swear i used it about one and a half times, i bought it exactly at that moment, so to speak, half a minute before you, as you explained to me, what a threat lies in the juice, that’s the worst thing, of course, drinking juice is the impending gout, it, it will not pass. if you try to drink every morning, and do you know what other story there is with juices? people have an equal sign, many people have an equal sign between freshly squeezed juice and juice from a bag, juice from a bag is not always juice, it’s nectar, an even greater evil, it’s nectar, it’s that

there really is some kind of fruit fraction, to which, as a rule, corn syrup is added, yeah, or maybe it’s sugar syrup. that is, it’s generally the same fructose in large quantities, well, let’s just say , it’s possible from time to time, but we must always understand that every time this is going over the line, beyond the ribbon, and it’s better, of course, not to go there very often, and what’s more one very, very important point when eating fruits, that’s why i always tell patients to eat fruits in the first half of the day, everyone is surprised, but i don’t really want to eat them in the first half of the day, ah... i really want it in the evening, i came home , i’m tired, i want to relax, eat something tasty, and this tasty thing is usually fruit, well, sweets in general, why can’t i eat sweets in the evening, because we have very different activity of certain hormones in

different times, let’s say we have the highest concentration of testosterone, its level in the morning and low in the evening, but insulin , on the contrary, we have it actively... its receptors are minimal in the morning and maximum in the evening, which is why most people want it in the evening sweets, insulin pulls this need, it waits for this energy, but it is not necessary to encourage it in this regard. otherwise there will be fat formation, fattening, yes, fattening, and we will all turn into timosha, by the way, he is so cute, from fruits, from fructose, from excess, the worst obesity, visceral, not only, visceral obesity you can eat anything if it’s high in calories and a person doesn’t consume it, well , i mean that fruit doesn’t cause subcutaneous fatty tissue to increase. the body is how the system works, man evolutionarily

, he was dying of hunger for many millennia, so mechanisms were developed to store everything that is necessary, glucose, fructose, fats, everything will be stored, and protein, part of it will be stored as fats, as carbohydrates, glycogen reserves, yes, that is, that is not all of it will be absorbed, if a person eats a whole chicken, he will not absorb all of this protein as protein, some will go into fats, but all of the fructose will be absorbed, all of it in the intestines, and it’s also interesting that there are a lot of proteins that are targeted, here they were born for in order to capture fructose, they are synthesized in the liver and there and act in large quantities, so all the fructose that gets in will absolutely be captured and primarily stored in the same liver, so when a person begins to abuse fruits, he develops... as a rule, such a phenomenon as hepatosis, fatty degeneration of the liver, also

called fatty degeneration, and we understand that dystrophy is bad, well, cirrhosis is also dystrophy, well, cirrhosis is the final stage, that is, at first dystrophy develops fatty, this is hepatosis, in other words, then non-alcoholic fatty liver disease develops, then non-alcoholic hepatitis, and only then at the end fibrosis, cirrhosis and so on, wow, did you eat some berries? yes, that’s it, and also, what is very important to say , again about this, otherwise we’ll miss it, about fruits, we think so, that we get healthier, we get such a bomb of vitamins, we are vitamins, about juices, we are vitamins -we get it, and we get glucose, fructose, but we still don’t get a very, very, very valuable substance, we don’t get fiber, all this cake, it is thrown away , and this is generally the most valuable thing in fruit, so... if you find yourself, i don’t know, there under a tree and a juicer, as an exclusive, drink this juice,

just once there, i don’t know, there in six months, the rest of the time eat fruits, another thing that is very important in this process, living, yes, here is our favorite 33 times to worry, they ask why 33 times, well, it’s just easy to remember, 33 times, 33 chewing movements, it is still considered that this is how... quantity, which when eating hard food , these are fruits, these are vegetables, this is meat, this number of chewing movements is enough to grind, grind, moisten most of it, that’s right, well done, this is the very first stage of digestion, to grind the largest pieces possible, so that everything else is already it could have been rubbed into the stomach, let’s say, although i once conducted an experiment, it will sound funny now. but it was really interesting, plum, plum is the peel and pulp, yes, what is there to chew,

for the sake of experiment i decided to count how much since you have to live to grind this peel into absolute dust, i got about 70 movements , that is, of course no one is a fool, you are a hero, i am an experimenter, i’m interested, you can experiment on yourself, it’s honorable, i would even say , every doctor is a natural scientist, but i was just curious. rub, because the stomach is a muscle, and then in the intestines it all cannot be, well

, let’s say, disassembled into parts and assimilated, in this situation i can still somehow imagine the process of rotting in the large intestine, and then it’s so much more, it’s a shame for our taste buds, which cannot taste this fruit properly, because we simply don’t give it to it, we swallow it like hungry wolves, this unfortunate apple, persimmon and so on, we should chew, absolutely. well, what is our main conclusion: we eat fruits, there will be fruits, there will be berries, yes, eat them in season, in moderation, in the first half of the day, after the main meals. at home for food after breakfast and after lunch, and in the evening, no, no, otherwise fat, otherwise timosha, yes, there was a podcast with you about deception of substances, my name is olesya nosova and endocrinologist zuhra pavlova.

this. the podcast is a must read, i'm aglaya napatnikova, my guest is the writer andrei gelasimov and we will discuss nikolai leskov, his stories. andrei , liskov is such a controversial author, on the one hand he is a classic, on the other hand he is a little lost against the background of his contemporaries, tolstoy, dostoevsky, we are talking about the 19th century, this is what explains his somewhat strange place, but he seems to be in parallel with the main ones. classics, but at the same time it is underestimated by many, as it is explain? well, this can be explained simply by the feast of literature of the 19th century, it so happened that this art turned out to be so socially in demand that very large, serious, talented people came to this specialty, and the competition was very high throughout the 19th century and is not

comparable with that what we had in the twentieth in all the previous centuries, but in the twentieth other entertainment appeared in... well, theater could somehow compete, but still literature was the most important of the arts, well, because literature is still is distributed everywhere, theater is for those who are present in the hall, yes, but for literature everyone can read it, although you know, not so long ago i was in the lermontov museum in petigorsk and there they showed me the first edition of our hero...

everything mr. stebnitsky’s attacks were invented because no one is interested in him, no one attacked him, and he is the elusive joe, yes , who no one needs anyway, he himself caused

this fire and after it he actively defended himself, spoke positively about tolstoy later works. they were friends tolstoy liskov, they even once met in the eighty-seventh year, 8 years before liskov’s death, and liskov himself, again , according to his testimony, because it’s very interesting when you read the works of literary scholars , they say, according to liskov’s testimony, tolstoy very much praised this and that- then his text there is a wonderful basics, for example, and a hagiographical scripture about early christianity, and i doubted nothing and called maria kucherskaya, she is great. specialist in leskovye, and that means i say: may, tolstoy’s letters have been preserved, in which he praises leskov for this thing, because leskov says that tolstoy praised him in a letter to someone else, he says, i say, this letter has been preserved, mine says: no, there is no such letter, i say, but wouldn’t he really have preserved tolstoy’s letter in which he praises him a great genius, that is, i would

have kept it, no, probably, such a letter simply did not exist, we don’t know, then i asked may, but he could have lied, she said: such a sin was introduced for him? okay, well, liskov is probably best known for the story lady macbeth of the tsensk district, oh, this is an essay, that is it is emphasized, yes, by the author that this novel has a documentary basis, that is, this is a case that really happened about a rich housewife who had an affair with her employee, they together killed the whole family on the way to prison, to the camp, cheating on her this lover, with whom so many crimes were committed, she throws herself into the water and drowns her rival, that is, such a cool russian female character is described. with a scream , and don’t let anyone get you, don’t let anyone get you, that scream, that’s it actually from lady magbi of misa district, liskov is also famous for his story lefty,

based on the anecdote that the british forged and steel a flea, our tula craftsmen forged this flea and sent it back to them, well, in general, liskov is rather known for its small form, legends, tales, here some kind of documentary, what was his relationship with genres in general, what was his relationship with literary genres? everything is not so simple here, but i think he had serious problems with his large form, because he, well, even if we look at him so pretty a scandalous novel “nowhere” or on knives, it has difficulty maintaining the composition, by the way , his contemporaries also told him about this, dostoevsky reproached the novel on knives precisely for its incomprehensibility, vagueness of construction, and let’s say, about the enchanted wanderer, many critics said in it there is no center , meaning precisely the mistakes in...

very modern, this is very modern . they don’t flow from one another, but it’s the same form, just like some of his first-person narratives, there in the same hare’s belt, there is a big monologue of the hero, this is auto-fiction, this novelistic form, it seems to me that now it looks very modern, in tune. yes, in tune with the modern form, but i am absolutely sure that this modern form comes precisely from the inability to make a good composition, but here it turns out that you are scolding liskovo, well, let’s praise him, they pay little attention to him anyway, i’m now trying to analyze just reasons, yes, why he did not write a big book, that is , say, the czechs, who was very worried that he can’t do a big thing , he didn’t hide it, he said, brevity is the sister of talent, which does not mean yes, that he praised himself, he was a very modest person, no, he said, brevity is just the sister of talent , that’s what he meant, not actual talent, yeah, he recognized chekhov , because he was a truthful man, it seems to me

that he didn’t know how to lie at all, well, he’s a doctor, a doctor should look at things straight, he needs to tell his patients the truth, you’re dying , and he told himself the truth, you are dying of cough, well, liskov was not such a person, he was more complex, and more conflict -ridden, he was always looking for conflict, in society he was looking for conflict, in his behavior with criticism... he was a restless, proud person, by the way, he did not even receive a secondary university education, yes, he worked all his life as an official, which is surprising, and at the same time he was seriously involved in literature, and

why is he not accepted in the camp of people who are fans of naboky, admirers of the russian language, high style, liskov is considered for some reason, well, not a camelfo, not a camelfo, because he uses folk language, right? because of the poverty of his family , although he was a nobleman by birth, they lived very poor and therefore he lived among the people, that is, he literally grew up in the same yard with peasant boys, so he knows the language of the people very well, their thinking , and this is actually his main tool and technique in his literature, but this is not recognized by adherents of the high russian style, and of course it relies very heavily on nationality in the lexical sense. you know, he makes up a lot, which also irritated people, that is, he has illogicalisms more, probably, than all writers combined, you open the left-hander on the second or third page, you immediately encounter a whole

series of strange words. but we can’t say that this is a people ’s language, people don’t speak like that, maybe here he is imitating the way people make mistakes, when when a people’s storyteller tries to look educated and respectable , he uses some beautiful words, so he doesn’t say blotter cables, and liskov understood, by the way, that due to this he was creating a serious humorous effect, but i

i really laugh when i read. lefty , but as i understand it, his contemporaries did not laugh, because lefty was mistaken for some kind of non-fictional story, that is, he was so convincing in this imitation of folk speech that in the end many decided that this was not his story at all and not the story , in fact, is how the critics decided, because in the preface to the first edition he himself wrote that he had once heard such a legend about lefty, who covered blakha, so everyone began to say so, then this preface.

changes the structure of the entire narrative and speaks about his ideology, about liskov’s ideology. few people notice this, but this is a very important detail: when lefty in england shows blaha and the english say: “my god, how did you do it, how small the nails must be.” okay, a small horseshoe, but the nails are even smaller. and then one of the creators of this flea comes up to him and quietly says: “this, of course , is all good, dear russian master, but she danced with us.” but you can’t dance. yes, because you upset the balance, yes, the balance strength, you didn’t calculate it, you calculated it incorrectly and engineeringly, and that is, he says , the whole idea was that the flea dances, does different steps, and with you it just stands there, so liskov, taking this legend as a huge compliment to the russian people, he nevertheless adds in his craving for dualism, he does not add that it was necessary to do this, this dualism, this desire on the one hand to praise on the other hand to criticize, is generally his

creative one.

horse, begins to rub the dough, at this time the whip whips him in every possible way, yes, which , by the way, is a direct obvious metaphor, he was looking for quite a long time to clearly show the image of the interaction of the power of the people, that is , they cover the people’s eyes with dough, at the same time they whip him, the people humble themselves, then he says a very short remark, but he measured himself, but then he really died quickly, why do they ask him, he was proud, uh-huh, just like that, when an englishman, an english dressage trainer asks him what his secret was? now i’m talking about liskov’s method, what was your secret, then the hero flyagin says: there is no secret, there really is no secret, and the people passengers on this ship ask flyagin: would you sell him this secret, what would it be like? he says, yes, of course, he would have sold it, but he wasn’t there, but the englishman, he says, thought that i had such a cunning russian cunning and said: let’s drink rum, they went with him to

a tavern, got drunk on rum. when the englishman considered his interlocutor drunk enough, he began to ask him again: what is your secret? the hero is no longer able to speak, because that they drank a lot, he decided to show... he bulged his eyes at the englishman, gritted his teeth terribly, made an aggressive face, in the absence of a pot of dough, grabbed a glass of rum, this heavy tumbler and swung it, the englishman, thinking that this was his death came, just ran away, yeah, right here we see that there are two sides, yes , there is a conflict of interests between them, as it were, but the englishman believes that there is a conflict of interests, and the russian says no, i really don’t know, so this struggle...

tell me why you think this particular one the material is asking for the hands of directors, and what is it about liskov that is so attractive? you know, everything is very simple here: despite the fact that, as we said at the beginning of the conversation, he is not a writer of the first rank, since there were great contemporaries, he was lucky, like few authors, he created several household heroes who are iconic and remain later, that is, tolstoy has a whole series of them, and there is anna karenina. despite his eccentric work with the tongue, he managed to grope and pull out non-existence, a couple of characters who

remained cult, this is, first of all , katerina izmailova from lady magba of the tsensky district, lefty, whom any child, who any child knows at school and so on, here he managed to do this and the directors. yes, we have the material, everything, but it almost never works out, at least in cinema it doesn’t work out due to the incorrect calibration of the degree of convention, because it’s interesting, it’s impossible to realistically imagine such a story, and it’s even impossible, cinema

assumes a strictly psychological and strictly, most often realistic, if this is not an arthouse hard, realistic depiction of the character’s behavior, in liskovoy’s characters do not behave like that at all, this is impossible. he can make an ancient tragedy and lady macbeth - this is, in principle, quite sofokal izhila in repit whatever shakespeare wants, in fact, since lady macbeth, although he did not come up with this name, it was an allusion to turgenev’s story hamlet of shchegrovsky district, that is, here the story was written a little earlier and was famous and... here again he plays in reflected light, which was nature, but his story becomes more famous than his, of course, that one has already been forgotten, they have forgotten here, no one remembers the gamelt of shchegurovsky district, but he was just a literary a play on the name, but for him it was more precise,

so - if we go to some, i don’t know, film adaptations or visual staging of his works, then it can only be with a high degree of convention, say , a plasticine cartoon, where is the lady plasticine lady, please, please right here...

in some essay from paris, he very proudly wrote that i didn’t study the russian language from conversations with st. petersburg merchants, by the way, but i did. later the social structure of the state and society changed, if he could then

reproach his contemporaries for being far from the people, and he was closer to them, yes, then later, literature itself became the people, writers became from the people, but they don’t need was to study this language, the entire 20th century - these writers are the people, starting with maxim gorkov, then this game became extremely archaic, this podcast is a must read. but the nobleman is still one of the new nobles, his

father’s rank served as a noble tidu, uh-huh, these are not hereditary nobles who were with the ruyks before peter, uh-huh, the whole point, i think, was in the family, that’s why he didn’t finish his studies , because the family was quite successful, he could leave the gymnasium, because he understood that he would not be lost, he did not have to make his way on his own, his father was a fairly large official, and therefore, in general, he could settle down in life and did so, that is he left young a person in kiev, lived with his uncle, uncle... professor of the kiev medical institute, these are generally serious people, very significant in society, and he becomes the head of the office there, that is, it is clear that not without the patronage of his uncle, that is, with him no education, and that means he became the boss , as i understand it, it’s like the passport office now , from where, by the way, he flies in with a bang because he wrote some essay that his colleagues didn’t like, they write, as if they had set him up initiate a bribery case, i don’t know whether there was a bribe or not, but he lost his place, went to... his other relatives, began to live with his aunt's husband,

an englishman named schcott, began working in his trading house, he was engaged in business, and liskov, at this moment about 30 years old, begins to travel throughout the country as obviously a sales agent, and here he also collects a lot of material, including of a criminal nature, that is, the family played a very big role and i think not always positive, because if he , like maxim gorky, had made his way on his own, he would have been among people he came out of the people, he achieved it himself. of his success, then this success would be more justified and would give him more reasons, reasons to believe in himself, not to be nervous and to do everything normally, but he was very hardworking, he created a lot, wrote a lot, that is, it turns out after all these internal conflicts, they did not prevent him from being productive, yes, thank god, the legacy is very large, he really worked a lot, although somewhere i read from him about this work about how he treated it, payment for this work in including.

that's when he wrote it, they bought it from him for 500 rubles sounds like a lot of money, but he writes: i grinded this for six months, and 500 rubles for six months is not very much, you get tired of grinding, this word grind also tells us how long, attention, he bothered with everything these waterproof cables , and expectations, that is, every time you had to sit down and... so the fact of the matter is that dostoevsky, he earned his living from this literature, and maybe that’s why he actually has such voluminous texts, yes, that they paid for the number of words, and liskov, he has another source of income, he is an official, and accordingly, he treats literature like art, he sits, grinds out words, yes, this is just another life situation, well, there was not much money when, in my opinion, he joined the ministry of education at the end of his life... he got a job, what does he have to do with determining which ones?