not less than 500 dollars, this diagnosis still needs to be clarified, you were passing through moscow, i wasn’t, everything is expensive there, the city is like that, here’s a thousand dollars, although ima makhmudovna we won’t take a big thank you, really thank you, but you have three families we can’t restore the house, we ourselves... we can handle it, after all, we can handle it, look now it’s going to eat hands, that the robber is starving, here, here, eat,

oblot doesn’t listen to me at all, soon i have to put him up for battle, otherwise my things will be very bad. tell khalid to help put me up for battle, let's agree, you give me didn't say anything and i didn't hear anything. we, contemporaries of the red era, suddenly felt like russians, heirs of a huge, mysterious russian history hidden outside our cities. i collected the huge, multi-colored boulders lying along the shores of the pskov lakes, which reirich loved to draw so much. i brought them to one place.

a mountain, hot with gems, formed here towards the pechersk road , a crucifix was cut down from a huge siberian larch, i remember how this crucifix, erected on an armored personnel carrier, moved through the whole of pskov, aestes descended from the sky onto the crucifix, prophetic bird. premiere, alexander prokhanov. confession, tomorrow first. lyosha, let's turn it on. so that there is something now , we’ll start to figure it out, so why figure it out, i want to show a movie to a person, there are people who make movies just out of thin air, and i’m out of myself, and you don’t have to tell me anything, i know everything, i know a lot of bandits, i go to the bathhouse, brother, you are my brother, seryozha, he is not an artist, he is a personality, i think that strength lies in truth. it seems like it ended up in the caucasus,

actually, because of me, maybe they filmed there, there is no need to relax, guys, the war is going on, when seryozhe left, something left my world, but it just became more difficult for me, because my friend died, there is such a person, he forced me to carry the cross for easter, he almost fell, it’s heavy, wooden, a huge cross, so i’m waiting for someone to support me , because i could fall, and a crowd of people is following me, and i, in general... somehow passed the sixty-fifth anniversary of the birth of alexei balabanov, premiere on february 25 on the first. seryozha, victory! sergei ivanovich, napolion actually said that he would like i wouldn’t want a son like you, i wouldn’t want to have a father like that, but you’re great, you don’t change, you’re not like... after many years, these

people will start to change, you’re a bargaining chip, he’ll step over you, over me, over anyone, until we find out who betrayed , nothing can be done, don’t put your pride on your life, what changes do you need, you have wealth, service, men on the ground, look, i’m not here, you want the truth, big premiere, union of salvation. put out the fire before it burns all around, soon at first,

good luck, comrade lieutenant colonel, dear vladimir, i am very glad that you are alive and well, congratulations. bai, thank you. we have a big problem. what's happened? do you remember abrek? certainly. he now lives in my shelter, he is sick, he doesn’t eat at all, he is melting before our eyes. what does the vet say? in fact of the matter. doomed does not allow the veterinarian to approach him. that's what i thought. you were friends with your fellow brothers, weren't you? let's go to my place and take a look. i'm not a veterinarian, i don't think i am. you’re a dog handler, it’s an attempt, not torture, go, volodya, abu, a good person, and i ’ll give you a vacation, as much as a whole month, and count it already in on vacation, and tomorrow you will go to the cashier to get your vacation pay, they will accrue it, the spouses are healthy,

this is not a shelter from the knacker, wow, what a race.

will open, and he’s healthy, yes, where did you get it from, they gave it instead of a debt, but why do you need a debt, i’m involved in dog... fighting, i want you to bring the doomed man to fight, i won’t participate in this, and neither will he , come on, close the door, this is my wolf. “if you don’t take him out to fight, i ’ll shoot him, and if you do, i ’ll pay you 5,000 dollars, give him a chance

, they say your wife is sick, where’s the money?” " will you get it for her treatment, is he on a dog or something? coming, is that a wolf? yes, his name is obrek, i said that i would bring the best fighter, i found him. or about dogs, this is not according to the rules , i brought a tiger, if you’re scared, just say, give him the ring, get out of here, whoever’s scared , that’s enough, he won’t have time to prepare him, his

evolution has prepared him, i’ll let him fight, it’ll be a good fight . no, no, i changed my mind, this dog will tear him apart, this is just a dog, and this is a wolf, do you think the wolf is more valuable than your wife?

hello! fytma makhmudovna found us tickets, in the evening we are going to minvody by bus, and from there by train to moscow, tomorrow you are about 10, rida, but what do you think, i’m a good person, good, of course, why are you asking, something happened, but no, everything is fine, i love you, and i love you.

hello, this is the schrödinger's cat podcast, and i am its host, grigory tarasevich, editor-in-chief of the popular science magazine schlödinger's cat. today we will talk about a very, very important topic, about russian swearing, but i want to warn you right away, we will not swear, so if children, anxious women or conservative people are listening or watching us, you don’t have to leave, calm down. on just in case, the editors of the podcast have prepared many options for bleeping words, although

we will not pronounce them, we will talk not about them, but about them, and for this we invited a wonderful guest, maria ravinskaya, linguist, member of the spelling commission, associate professor of the russian language department of the marhia , if i’m not mistaken, he’s a teacher at a higher school of economics, at mifi, in general, there are a lot of different regalia and titles, and after these titles... i want to ask on the forehead: maria, you swear, as they say at our scientific conferences, thank you very much for very interesting question, i’ll answer with a quote: obscene vocabulary exists in the russian language to express very strong emotions, i experience strong emotions, let’s start with the basics: where did russian swearing come from? there is a traditional version: the tatars-mongols, how... did everything else bring us their evil curse? well, yes, this version is so gatspirological

that some people who believe that swearing is an absolute evil would like this absolute evil not to have slavic origin, this version does not stand up to any criticism, among the obscene roots there are no one turkic, they are all slavic, common slavic and have a long history. it happened historically, we probably won’t go into it too deeply, that in the russian language the sexual sphere was taboo, it was very much a topic, for a very long time, these were such sacred words, sacred - motives that were not discussed, it was not customary to talk about it , this was back in the pre-christian era, then with the christianization of russia, this taboo intensified, we received in our... culture a very strong ban on the use of certain words, this is a taboo,

was violated in very special situations, it was always a male language, that is , if these words were used, then only men only in male society, but we see traces of this in modern times, some well-mannered men, even if they suddenly use some words, well, for example, when quoting in jokes, let’s assume they still apologize to the woman.

in modern language there are such substitutions when we do not pronounce words associated with alarming or scary circumstances for us, we do not use them directly, for example, words associated with death, or with fatal diseases, especially if it concerns close people, say the word he has cancer, this phrase, it’s uncomfortable

, scary, a person experiences stress physiologically, this can be checked for a malignant tumor. echology, yes, yes , this is a very good euphemism, that is, replacing the terrible with something less terrible, less traumatic, and the same euphemization occurs when used, that is, when hinting at taboo vocabulary: when a person breaks a taboo, he experiences stress so that this stress to minimize, but at the same time, as if to hint that we mean some forbidden words, we use: euphemisms, there are also many such euphemisms in the russian language associated with apson vocabulary, well, there are a million of them, well, damn it, classically, well damn it, classic it is interesting, by the way, that modern youth do not see the connection between the phonetically close word and the interjection damn, which they use widely. maxim krongaus in his book, the famous book, the russian language is on the verge of

a nervous breakdown, wrote in the first edition that he really doesn't like using it. honestly, and this is a bitter story for linguists , because the original name of this animal is lost in the slavic languages, we don’t know what our ancestors called it, and we won’t know, and we won’t know anymore, yes, there are different hypotheses, one of the hypotheses, for example, that the bear was called a beech, hence the horror stories about beech and the beautiful word bug, like a little bear, but if anyone has seen a bug

up close, they know that it is quite scary, but they replaced it with an euphemism... of course, the name of the most dangerous animal on the one hand dangerous, on the other hand, revered animal in slavic cultures, so as not to name it or call on it again, the fear was so strong, the taboo on pronouncing this word was so strong that the word disappeared completely, that is, bear is not a native word, it bear is a replacement for some original word that denoted this animal in slavic languages.

in order for speech to sound harmonious, you need to insert something, some word, well, there is an illusion that you need to insert some word, for speech to sound harmonious , as linguists call it, this is a filled pause of hisitation, when... a person cannot construct a phrase harmoniously without these filling plugs, he gets used to inserting something there, and accordingly, words lose

almost all of their functions, except for this phonetic one, and some sounds, it turns out that phrases with these plugs become familiar, they can be different, they can be damn it, we can have, like, any parasites, so... they don’t perform such a function, but this indicates low, let's say, speech culture, well, wait, well, people with a high speech culture, all sorts of professors, philologists or something else, also use some kind of gags, just more euphonious, for example, due to a number of factors, then the person thinks about what to say to him already pronounces some kind of thesis, i’m sure you just used it at the beginning of the sentence, it turns out that he is also a parasite, by and large , well...

we insert some semantically empty components that are completely meaningless, this still indicates that we are not thinking about how the phrase will be constructed, there are , well, different, so to speak, ways of demonstrating speech culture, from the point of view of phonetics, from the point of view of beautiful sound, these words are needed, but no, of course, but what ’s beautiful here, have you ever heard, i've never heard of it? so that someone beautifully constructs some phrases to fill the pauses of hisitation, on the contrary, sometimes unplanned comic effects are obtained. there was

an incident in my life, i met a young man roman, he worked as a driver in the office where i also worked, he came to for my birthday, suddenly, my mother took him into the room, poured... well, my mother did not understand this word, and he cannot speak differently, we had such a wonderful incident that very well illustrates how this happens, and

there is no need for these plugs, that is, there was no emotional charge that absolutely required this, it was just mechanical, it was inserted into some, well, pauses, rhythmic intervals that are in the sentence. difference between use euphemisms and non-euphemisms, i love to illustrate. a story that happened back in my student days, when i didn’t even think that i would become a linguist, my friends and i went to the pushkin mountains, we had the idea that we would have a trip named after pushkin, we only read pushkin, went naturally to museums we watched everything, excursions, and in the evenings we did a crossword puzzle based on the works of pushkin, and it so happened that there is such a collective clinch, collective... stupor, probably even. a very simple question. heroine pushkin's poems. i’ll say right away that it was lyudmila. a poem by ruslan lyudmila, but we all in unison attributed ruslan lyudmila to fairy tales and did not

consider it at all. we went through everything we could, including drafts of all the poetic works we found. nothing helps. they didn't guess. they looked back and saw that it was lyudmila. everyone was very upset. but one of our comrades. i was especially upset, and he was sitting cross-legged, and when he heard that it was lyudmila, he began to get so demonstratively upset and lament, and here he is sitting, says: damn, damn, how can you be so stupid, damn, this is such a simple question, damn, how am i going to look my friends in the eyes and so on and so forth, so he repents, blinks, swings on this grid, no loses his balance, falls on... hits his head on the iron headboard, at this moment he utters another word, naturally, and this

scene smolders for several seconds very well. shows the difference between the use of euphemisms, hypocritical and sincere strong emotions when you do not control yourself, and for the expression of which in in the russian language there are obscene words , this is a hint, so to speak, that you mean a strong emotion, but do not pronounce the word, it is especially unpleasant for me, precisely because of its insincerity, if you control yourself so much that you replace the obscene word with. .. euphemism, well, for me , some kind of kick-ass seems especially disgusting, especially pronounced like that , if you understand that you are breaking a taboo, if you control yourself, that you are replacing it with another word, take another step, find another word to express this emotion of yours , which you are aware of, which you want to express, but if you don’t control yourself,

if you feel so bad... i avoided such words, their use in some situations, yes, some kind of language game associated with in these words, but it ’s always such a peppercorn or like raisins in a bun, there shouldn’t be too much of it, otherwise the bun will fall apart, everything should be appropriate, everything should be in moderation. i was surprised to discover that the metro in russia is supposedly only for the elite; the passenger flow of the moscow metro is about 9 million people per day, it’s good that

it’s many times cheaper than even in eastern europe, plus it’s very affordable, clean, as american journalists expose this unexpected lie. there is a metro station where normal people get to work and home every day, better than anything we have in our country. why did the footage of the air battle of our ukrainian fighters turn out to be fake? it’s clear that this is a game, well, it’s obvious, but most ordinary people don’t understand, anti-fake, premiere, tomorrow on the first. in a day defender of the fatherland on the first, you can’t imagine how difficult it is to wait, to wait when i don’t know where you are, what’s wrong with you, promise me that you will return, give me your word, here they are, i see a column,

and the pilot must fly, pilot february 23 at the first, i remind you,

schrödinger’s cat podcast is with you. i’m its host grigory tarasevich, our guest maria ravinskaya, a linguist, and we ’re talking about such a fundamental topic as russian swearing, but don’t be afraid, we won’t swear , we’ll be as decent as possible, and of course, i understand correctly that history using swearing is somewhat reminiscent of the fairy tale about the wolf boy, you can’t cry wolf-wolf all the time, otherwise people won’t understand what a really strong emotion it is.

we don’t even keep two identical words, because man is a lazy creature, as you know, this is the main property that determines his life, and we don’t do what we don’t have to do, we don’t keep it. two words, if they are the same, but in the area of ​​expressive vocabulary, please, we have whole rows, for example, for the meaning of steal there is, steal, whistle, slam, there is no situation when you can say slamzy, but you cannot say stibrit, i will no longer continue this series, it is quite long, why is it arranged this way, because if we use one word to express the expressive meaning, then it will be erased, it will get lost. expression, it will be meaningless, and so we have a deck that we shuffle, but there remains a slight feeling of novelty, yes, that is, these meanings of surprise, they still exist, the same with pissed off vocabulary, if

you use it all the time, if we get to this we get used to it, and we get used to it, by the way , mind you, it loses its expression if earlier, some years ago, well, even in our memory, you went out into the street and heard an obscene word. was an event, that is, it’s true, something happened, that is, now to go out and not be heard is a big event, especially if you work with children. by the way, about children, i heard an excellent definition, in my opinion, from you, that obscenities are those words that adults do not say in front of children, and children do not say in front of adults? well that's the only taboo which still somehow operate in the sense of obscene vocabulary. if earlier this language was exclusively masculine, then... now in this sense we are a country of victorious feminism, there is no difference, even men are sometimes embarrassed when they hear something edible and strong from women, but still adults try not to do it in front of children, and children

are embarrassed to say this in spite, although both groups know very well that all the words are known and that they are used in their age groups, but with children... it is especially important to work and explain and educate them, what is possible and what is not, because on the one hand, of course, the forbidden fruit is sweet, and here the children like that there are expressions behind it, they love it, so make them learn poetry, no, they will hear the extreme swear word, it’s here however, a three-year-old child will give it to you instantly, because it is memorable, but you need to explain to them what and how it is possible, and this is difficult. because they hear that adults use these words, well, it’s probably still hard, that it’s presented as swearing - it’s bad, it’s dirt, but if you do it, as you are saying now, swearing is very valuable, don’t waste your swearing, appreciate your swearing , you, of course, know all these words, but don’t

spend it, just like my dad has a bottle of wine that he brought from portugal 10 years ago, here you also need to appreciate swear words, maybe go this route and explain that this is so. such a unique russian resource that should be protected, or, for example, when you use swear words all the time, we don’t understand, you really feel bad, you have a really strong emotion, so you swear when you’re trying to fight, when you hit your finger, what do you say? well, unfortunately, students ask me, maybe this vocabulary will be detabulated and some new language taboo will arise, alas, no, we don’t.

yes, the expression of very, indeed, very strong feelings, and it exists now, it is very bright, capacious, yes, short, laconic, in general, all the possibilities for expressing various strong emotions still exist, but alas, if it all continues like this, as it is now, it won’t last long, but is there some peculiarity of swearing, well, these words about which, which cannot be name, because of which they are so powerful in words.

different grew up, who we have there, roskomnadzor, roskomnadzor, yes, he believes that there are four roots, some researchers include in this list. i repeat once again, especially in this sense

it is gratifying, although i know that i am now saying terrible things, for a linguist it is gratifying that new words are appearing, that is, this potential is inexhaustible, we have obscene words appearing, new ones that have not been there for many years ago, that is, the creative fervor, so to speak, of the russian people has not ended, we we think about different things, to quickly relieve tension, psychological,

physiological, even, then this helps , but again, you understand, this is a therapeutic property, it exists until we de-taboo this vocabulary, while there is a strong taboo, because stress is relieved by breaking the taboo , you break the rules, all these processes are somehow harmonized there, and if the taboo is not strong, then the therapeutic effect will also be lost. well, that is, swearing should be compared not so much to dirt, to a parasite, but rather with a jewel, with a holiday, with something so valuable that formal clothes, we don’t wear a tailcoat every day, well, it doesn’t quite seem to me, such a metaphor, i would compare swearing or with a very spicy seasoning in some way sense, because if it is used as a means of artistic expression, for example, like nurov... in his works, or as with a strong

medicine, such a valuable, valuable medicine and strong, well, antibiotics, for example, well, even more valuable and stronger than current antibiotics, which they say they are no longer effective, well, actually, why analogues with antibiotics are appropriate, why antibiotics stop working, bacteria get used to them, those who have mastered them survive, and antibiotics lose their value. strength , and if you drink antibiotics every day, then if you do it uncontrollably, it’s not wise, i don’t consult with specialists, yes, especially different antibiotics in different situations, yes, i agree, a good analogy, this is how it works, well, or valuable wine , let’s say, because if he drinks every day, i don’t know, alcohol it’s probably not good, it’s not a topic, swearing is not pedagogical, alcohol is not pedagogical? well, i came up with such an unpleasant metaphor for

schoolchildren, especially for younger ones, because it is quite difficult to convince younger schoolchildren not to use obscene language, it is difficult to explain to them why this should not be done, when i tried to find ways to reach these hearts, i used an unpleasant metaphor , which also causes a feeling of disgust, there is some idea in this, because after all, the destruction of the linguistic taboo turns swearing into dirty language, this becomes dirty language, unfortunately, and i explained to the children that there are situations when you feel very bad, you have been poisoned to save your life and health, you need to induce vomiting, this is a strong remedy, but it will save you, and if the situation is really that bad, you won’t be judged for doing it even... i don’t know, in some unexpected place, but that doesn’t mean

you can go around spitting on all people, because you wanted it, this is appropriate for a situation, but here it is now was appropriate, and if you can restrain yourself, then do it, restrain yourself, because with such uncontrolled use everywhere, it really turns into dirty language that is simply unpleasant to listen to, it ceases to be... such an amazing idea, schüdinger 's podcast is with you , and we’re talking about russian swearing, well , that’s when you start talking about dirty.

and i want to break them, just like, excuse me, the whole topic of sexuality in general, at least teenage boys really want to break these prohibitions, well, if we talk about sexuality and words, so to speak, related to sexuality, there is a separate problem here, because as you know, it was not me who said, nabukov also said that the russian language does not have a verb to denote an act of love in this sense, we do not have a language to talk about this, now this language appears and... appeared, it appeared thanks to borrowings and tracings mainly, yes, that is, we have the opportunity to talk about it, before this it was not discussed, this is not a topic that can be talked about, this understandable, for teenagers this needs to be said, this is an important part of their life,

an important part of their growing up, but it’s not a fact that they need to be said in these exact words, no, i was talking about the sexual sphere in the wrong way...

in response to an aggressive reaction, i simply explain that it is it’s unpleasant to listen to, if you need to talk like that, please talk quietly so that they don’t hear you, they are embarrassed, they are understanding, they say: yes, yes, sorry, we won’t, you need to understand that language is a tool, a very rich one , very diverse, grandiose, with huge number of elements, components, capabilities, our task is to learn how to use this tool correctly. that is, in what situations, what can we say , there are life situations when non-use, for example, of obscenity vocabulary is inappropriate, it’s like, well, for example, in the army, in closed men’s groups, in the army, if a person demonstratively does not use official vocabulary, he will create...