chief urologist of moscow and a person of world renown. today you ask your questions about diseases with a male character to these doctors. and we have one more question, please. my brother has bladder cancer, they say it’s all because he smokes. now we are all in shock and don’t know what to do. does your brother have bladder cancer? yes. at my brother's. who will answer? to the question: how to treat bladder cancer? there is a big transfer today, and this is the most difficult question, this most difficult question will be answered by the most experienced specialist of our center, a brilliant surgeon, professor veliyev evgeniych. evgeniy, we are waiting for you, i, evgeniy bavich, hand it over to directly imitate this. bladder, we see it,

i hand him plasticine, why? because we 'll show you where there might be a tumor in the bladder. evgeniy batych, is bladder cancer related to smoking or not? obviously, directly, directly, increasing the risk of bladder cancer by about three to four times. while you are gluing the cancerous tumor, i want to go with you to the operating room where the professor is operating. now we see a bubble in the image and accordingly, our task is to cut off this tumor again with one incision on the patient’s body, the cancerous tumor is removed with a special instrument, it is inserted through the urinary tract, passes the entire canal, and enters the bladder. dr. veliyev sees everything that happens in the bladder on the screen. his main tool is a special loop with an electric discharge that cuts off the cancer.

well, just like that, i’ll repeat it again, it’s even nice to show it, because this is medicine of the 21st century, if you remember, when we studied at medical school in the 20th century, and we all graduated from medical school in the 20th century , we were told, and this is the technology of the 21st century, this will be there, this century has come, and you are really in admiration, even as a doctor, you look at your profession, so, bladder cancer is associated with smoking and it doesn’t matter . whether you are a woman or a man, this is a disease with a masculine character. cancer: what are the signs that a person should know, evgeniy blatovich? well, a person should already know about smoking, we have heard, this is a thing that obviously predisposes and sharply increases the likelihood of cancer night bladder, but we must also understand that there are obvious clinical signs of this disease, these clinical signs , one of them is well known - the appearance of blood in the urine, the so-called...

will the patient’s life go on happily? the question is very difficult, because for 2/3 it will obviously turn out happily in the sense that the cancer will probably be found, removed, and this will be the end of the situation, at least for the coming years. this is 70%, these are super numbers, approximately 30% of patients will obviously have relapses, even when the cancer is located superficially, just like this piece of

plastic here is actually glued on... even superficial tumors recur, as i already said, they recur often, which requires regular visits to the urologist, regular examinations and monitoring. of course, here, ribbon, here is a black piece of plasticine glued by evgeniy battyvich superficially, it is very important to understand that the tumor that is located here, without growing inward, into the muscle layer, here, then this tumor has, of course, this the prognosis that evgenia is talking about is the tumor that is glued here, which...

is cut off, observed, if suddenly the tumor has grown into the muscle wall, then of course the situation here is much worse both in terms of prognosis and subsequent therapy, as ... this is systemic chemotherapy, that is , it is not the injection of some drug into the bladder, it is an injection into the bloodstream, and after that , most likely, even an operation will be offered, which is even larger and significantly larger, this is removal of the bladder. with reconstruction, you do this too, because i remember we do this , the brilliant professor veliyev does it, for example, but... the fact is that this is a different operation, and today it is early, and we will now say prevention and early diagnosis bladder cancer allows you to save your bladder, and this is very important, why? because

we understand our bladder perfectly well, better than even professor veli can do. we have a patient who suffered all this: you smoked, marin petrovna. i smoked very little and i don’t connect this, you know , as they say, not even in cardiology, it doesn’t matter how much you smoked, it doesn’t matter how many cigarettes, the fact is important, we even removed the question from all, from all questionnaires for patients, how much you smoke, all that’s left is to smoke or smoke or not, that’s how you want it, don’t want it, let’s have a disease with a male character, how did the operation go, how do you feel, the operation went great, i feel good.

we also wish you good luck with all our hearts. you know, i want it now, i don't even, i don't know still, leave the bladder with the representative gland and ask all the doctors to come here. no, evgenia, don't go. i want to say once again that next to me today is a brilliant team in every sense of the word. people, almost all of them are world famous.

class, 2 days ago we celebrated defenders of the fatherland day, you help everyone , so happy holiday to you - this is a men's holiday, may everything be fine in your homes, may everything be fine in your families, and may everyone be healthy, health

everyone, dear friends, because this is the most important thing. these are not travel notes with dmitry. hello , zaputevtsa, these are the associations you have with the word timer, that’s right, those that lie on the surface are huge, well, you can see even on the map the peninsula, the north, norilsk, cold, snow, the more advanced will probably remember neentsev and yenisei, some people associate these places with mining, some with the tragic events of narillag, while travelers will certainly remember the mysterious putara plateau. everyone will be in their own way, they are right, because taimyr is an immense land, and today we begin

a journey through its expanses. if you look at the map, we will see that there are no cities on taimyr, with the exception of nariyskaya and dudinka, they are located at its southernmost tip. on the territory of this huge, northernmost peninsula in eurasia, about 400 km, only small villages are scattered, and even those are located not too far from the cities, life in the north is not just difficult, but... very difficult, but about that a little bit later. preliminary acquaintance with taimyr we started in the city of dudinka in the taimyr regional museum. and this is the case when the museum is not boring, that is, everything is as we like. the first floor is dedicated to archaeological research in taimyr. it turns out that earlier in these parts the climate was completely different, some, well, i don’t know, one and a half million years ago, a warm sea splashed in these places, beaches, sun loungers, ice cream, water in the sea... here are these cephalopods , ammonites, whose shells were found here on

taimyr, then the climate began to change, which, by the way, warned the then frantic greta thunberg. it became very cold, glaciers and permafrost appeared, and with them mammoths, pappants, and woolly rhinoceroses. witness this is the unique sapkargin mammoth, better known as the mammoth zhenya, found in taimyr 11 years ago by a schoolboy named correctly, zhenya. perfectly preserved the remains of an ancient animal and now zhenya is a mammoth, not a boy, the star of the taimir museum. before him, the palm was held by another, also well-preserved relative, the berezovsky mammoth, found in the beginning of the 20th century in kolyma. our taimyr zhenya is only 45,000 years old, 16 of which he lived on earth. we, scientists, still cannot come to a consensus on the reasons for its premature death, since traces of mechanical damage were found on the telemont. as if someone was hunting him, but people came to these places much later, well, about 10 or 12 thousand years ago,

so the mystery of the mamant zhenya has not yet been solved. but let’s fast forward to times closer to us, namely in 1601, when not far from here, between the abi and yenisei rivers, the city ​​of mangazeya. its inhabitants hunted sable, from here to russia, they exported its skins in huge quantities, and the mangazeans themselves sent them. explore taimir more and more deeply. silver coins minted in 1617 were discovered at cape cheluskin, confirming that already in those days people reached the far north. and in 1667, a detachment of archers, led by ivan sorokin, came to taimyr. he founded zimovye on the dudina river, which subsequently began to grow and develop. so much so that after a while the norwegian arctic explorer fridtjev nanson called it northern moscow. during the 19th century, it became an important trading point for taimyr, merchants came here with goods, they went into

the tundra through freshly fallen snow and exchanged furs and mammoth ivory for household items with the indigenous inhabitants: nganasans, nenets, ents ievenks. and in the spring, as soon as the forest disappeared, these enterprising citizens went on ships to yeniseisk and tarukhansk to huge fairs, where they sold all this stuff with a big profit. by the way, the nganasans are the oldest people of taimyr, they came here different data from five to ten. thousand years ago, i follow herds of wild deer, hunting them. their traditional clothing is malitsa or parka, made from white deer skin and trimmed at the hem with white dog fur. this is protection from spirits, it can also be seen in the museum. like this women's jumpsuit, decorated with metal plaques, weighing about five kilograms and a prototype of sunglasses with narrow slits. in winter, in bright sunny weather, i go out exclusively in them. the youngest ethnic group in taimyr. dolgan, they adopted a lot from russian culture, for example, the bolok house, instead of the traditional chum, clothes made of cloth, a shirt

and trousers for men, a sundress for women, they were the first to gradually convert to christianity, before that, all the traditional faiths of the peoples of the north were associated with spirits, and a guide in this communication a shaman appeared and is for them, there is an unusual exhibit in the museum, kosterkin’s tube is known as the last shaman of antaimyr, he left this world in 1989. but a few years earlier , after the death of his wife, he stopped kompleting and donated all the religious objects and his costume to the museum. according to the caretakers of the hall, after that he came here several times. and talked with these objects as with spirits. in the hall of polar explorers , he talks in detail about numerous northern expeditions and fearless conquerors of the harsh north, who have been exploring the arctic since the 18th century. the most famous great northern expedition, it was led by captain-commander vitus bering. the expedition lasted 10 years, during which it was

explored and mapped the russian empire almost the entire coast of the arctic ocean, including its outlines. taimyr. in 1742, semyon chelyuskin discovered the northernmost point of taimyr. russian empire and eurasia. 100 years later it received his name. in the mid-19th century, geographer and traveler alexander midendor first named the peninsula taimyr. there are several versions of the origin of this word. the most popular - taimir - is a form of the ancient word tamura, meaning rich, valuable. wenke used this word to call a river in which there was always a lot of fish. well, i'm sticking to it. versions taimira, translated from our nganasan language , means the land of deer tracks. i hope you are with me in this matter. there are museums symbolizing soviet power in the tundra: red chum. specifically, this one belonged to a komsomol member, athlete and just a beautiful siberian girl, amalia khazanovich, who in 1936 came to taimyr at the call of his heart to teach the local population to read and write.

she later wrote about the 2.0 km that she spent in kacheyevye across the tundra with this red plague in her book. the thirties of the 20th century were found on the timer rock salt coal deposits. and during the great patriotic war, taimir became the main supplier of rock salt and fish for the front. from here, 7,606 people went to the front , 1,114 did not return. after the war, timer became a real construction site, they began to build the world’s northernmost gas pipeline on stilts, the northernmost hydroelectric power station, and metallurgical plants, but it is clear that dudi plays a huge role in the life of this region. a port that turned 85 last year. in fact, the entire city is centered around it. scientifically the port is called polar transport branch. all year round it receives and sends various cargoes; according to our calculations, annually exactly 4.5 million tons. to do this, all these lifting screens work in harmony here, looking like some very smart, fairy-tale giants. the uniqueness

of the dudinsky port is that the way you see it now, it is only available for 4 months a year. since june. until the beginning of october, the period of summer shipping of cargo is delivered along the river direction, residents of dudinka and foreigners know this period well, since in stores, prices for vegetables, fruits and other products are reduced, but when october comes, and the grove sheds the last leaves from the legs of its branches and the cold dies, the yenisei is frozen, the port begins to operate in arctic navigation mode, this means that transportation is carried out only by ships ice class, such diesel-electric ships. among themselves, the inhabitants of dudinka affectionately call them carrots, for their bright orange color, they walk on ice up to 2 m thick, and an interesting feature is that they can move both bow and stern forward, from that the captain's cabin is duplicated and from the stern, the captain came out to us to introduce his ship, i believe, in order to completely dispel the romantic image of this profession, i even wanted to sing to him: captain, captain, smile,

in an everyday way, he said that the main responsibilities of a captain are control over the assistants, the situation on the ship, so that every cog turns where it should, the ship is controlled by the navigator, 4 hours of work and rest, the entire crew is 19 people, there are no women on this ship, no superstition, it just happened that way historically, although in world practice there are many women, both navigators and mechanics. in summer, the journey from dudinka to murmansk, which is about 2,600 km, takes 5 days, but in winter it can take up to ten. during the transition, the team not only works, but also relaxes, reads books, and plays sports. they constantly undergo training for various emergency situations, each team member can provide first aid if necessary. for the entire duration of the passage, the ship becomes like a small autonomous world for these people. during in the spring ice drift, the port of dudinka is completely flooded, the water rises quite

high and self-propelled cranes on wheels are taken to higher ground in advance, and there they wait out the ice drift, and at the end. like smart animals, they return to their places and get to work. he is a pensioner, a crane operator from kirov, who has worked at the port for more than 40 years. he now delights the residents of dudinka and visitors in a new hypostasis. the city has its own arctic dudinsky giraffe. by the way, about the inhabitants, there are relatively few of them, about 23,000. northern summer is short. those who don't have opportunity to go out into nature, catching the sun here, on the yenisei embankment, is st. nicholas of merliki, whose figure is... the frozen figure of a man with a dog, this is a monument to all the border guards of the far north, and the angonassan girl gyuza incessantly looks at the yenisei, the clone still hopes.