such a spanish colonel, in my opinion, when he started or lieutenant colonel, i don’t remember now, riego, and he started, in fact, uprisings in the province and for some time he was successful, that’s why, in general, there was a dispute between the two positions, to start in the capital, or here is the example of riego, because it was tempting for them, because it was about a movement, so to speak, a soldier’s movement, that is, soldiers.

influence to a significant extent on the decembrists, then freethinking came under catherine, many fathers had already become freethinkers, well, such freethinkers abstract, in general, in principle, they were freethinkers, which did not prevent the christians from flogging the stable, no, this did not interfere, this is another inclusion, this is freethinking, on the one hand, freemasonry appeared...

unlike the fathers , freethinkers-businessmen appeared, you you’re right when you say that they fought, they saw there, they didn’t just see, they participated in the repartition of europe, in the creation of a new europe, they were already businessmen, the thought arose, unlike their fathers, who could simply, so to speak, start chatting about will, about freedom, and then flog the peasants, yes, these were already thinking that if they... did the work there, then they could change the state of things in their homeland, and that first of all, change, of course, the eyesore then serfdom, of course, which is obvious, accordingly, in europe it is not , the standard of living is higher for them, in russia , which saved, again, yes, this is very important, russia saved europe, yes, the peasants saved russia, the peasants, both in uniforms and without uniforms, saved russia, but we have it, we actually have slavery, yes, but... this

some historically quite correct identification, but then they thought exactly like that, well, what catherine did then, as we remember, simply abolished the word slavery, and forbade calling serfdom slavery, but yes, there is no word, but the essence is there, and the first decembrist organizations, you are absolutely right here, they are essentially modeled on masonic lodges, the sacred artel of officers of the general staff, the order of russian knights, even the name itself is modeled on masonic lodges, but then new organizations appear. salvation, then the filter, through which people pass from the union of salvation, which is more abstract, more so also masonic, into a more secret society, similar to the society that strived for the unification of italy, for example, yes, the union of prosperity, we often forget about the military society, but it was such a filter, yes, then, accordingly, after the dissolution of the union of welfare, which the authorities learned about, this was the creation of a northern society that continued the traditions of southern society, the decembrist movement, on the one hand. some people lose because

the future muravyov, for example, who was later nicknamed the hangman, and during the suppression, criticism, yes, during the suppression of the polish uprising of 1863, he was also a member of the december society. the well-known example of ivan yakushkin, very characteristic of subsequent history, is simply very indicative. yakushkin suggested to the peasants, as in europe, which means that the land remains with the landowner, you work on it, receive payment, accordingly, for the work or rent it, the rental price is low, the peasants scratched their heads and said: no, no,

father, it’s better to do it the old way, we are yours, and the land is ours, the russian peasants have freedom without land, this will later collapse during the abolition of serfdom, the other person does not realize. example, ivan pushchin, pushkin’s friend, my first friend, my priceless friend, also by his example, he having a career, this career gives up and goes to become a judge, what is a judge at the beginning of the 19th century, this is ugh and grind, this is a vile profession, this by definition, a corrupt official, a bribe-taker, a burnout, and so on, and he accordingly shows that justice can be the work of a nobleman, sets an example for others; plans for regicide arise in the ranks of the decembrists, among other things. but also original, yakushkin suggested what to do and imitate a duel, shoot the tsar, shoot yourself with two pistols, in this regard, a theory arises, which the st. petersburg historian and writer yakov gordin, he talks about the decembrists, as a rebellion of reformers, and people who wanted

reform and wanted, accordingly, first of all to demonstrate to the authorities the need for these very reforms, that’s how you approach this point of view, this is a kind of border between the past and the future. of course, there was a lot of talk about the constitution , about the abolition of serfdom, that’s all, but then the most important issue was being decided, the end of the means, say, failure on senate square, the hesitation of this end of the means, why pestel stopped leading southern society, because that this was the first person who realized that, well, he decided so. and that a revolution cannot be carried out with white gloves, what i mentioned, yes, he speculated, money was allocated from the treasury to sew summer and winter trousers, he used this money for revolutionary purposes; he , as the investigation later found out, was

collecting incriminating evidence on senior commanders, again not in order to blackmail them and extort some money. at the time of the coup, so that they would either remain inactive or support the rebels , the question was discussed whether to take money at all from the regimental treasury or not to take it for this matter, someone there, i don’t remember now, said, yes, i ’d rather sell all my wife’s dresses, but i won’t get into the regimental treasury, others believed that you can take, then the apostle , so to speak, gave ants, thus bribing his... soldiers of the chernigov regiment, and general unrest began there, this is when there was already an uprising, yes, when there was already an uprising , the same question of regicide was raised, there were some people who volunteered for this, not only in a duel, just to go in and shoot,

and nikolai himself just came out, could have been shot, so they said, they said, but not a single person was found. torno made a sensational statement, he reported an unknown prediction to the government, a deciphered prophecy about the future of russia for the whole world, stored on his tape for 30 years, if conveyed verbatim, no one will understand anything, but as soon as they begin to come true, people begin to understand that it is still true, i had such a thing that music killed you, but the music resurrected you, i was electrocuted on stage, clinical death, the european union will collapse, america will crumble. special events will occur for the history of the earth, a very serious illness awaits, it is still called disease x, it will be launched like this same artificially, as they launched covid, each of us wants to hear positive forecasts, i don’t want to scare you, sometimes it’s better to hear

everything without beauty, vange’s secret prophecy, let’s put an end to the sensational one now, here ’s a bold one, special issue, tomorrow on the first, the main thing , let them say they put it back on the air so that you can tell us all about it, a team tournament. the best figure skaters of russia, tenkov, channel one cup, live broadcasts, march 2 and march 3, on the first. today we are looking at the history of decembrism. this is a historical podcast russia and the west on the swing of history. pester intended to throw himself at the feet of alexander i, present the whole plan and thereby push him. for reform, yes, not only pestel had such thoughts, and well, as a matter of fact,

alexander i himself knew very well, and did not interfere with these plans, which later surprised his brother nicholas i, who, while reading various documentation, yes, denunciations, and the denunciations were of such a plan, now i don’t remember the exact name, but the denunciation was something like this, which means a report that one of the officers of the report... there, what existed there does not work. alexander i, had reform plans at

the beginning, we remember, the educator laharpe, the swiss educator, also the idea of ​​​​the abolition of serfdom and so on, then he moved away from them, if we still talk about programs, here is the northern, southern society, southern society tulchin, yes, well, because the troops were stationed there accordingly, the northern society, of course, st. petersburg, these are the programs of the bourgeois revolution, in one case the southern society, which by the way adheres. some northerners also have a more radical pestel program: russian true, the famous, abolition of serfdom, half the land to the peasants, but then in 1961, 1861, they didn’t do it, a unitary state, a rigid unitary state, no federalism, this guessed, in my opinion, the future trends in the development of the country, here are the reforms, even if not in terms of a one-sex or two-sex parliament, this in this case can already be said in detail, but the abolition of serfdom and peasant ownership of land is what was really ripe at this moment, in general, the views naturally converged, but nevertheless less, i think it is fair

to assume that if in the southern society, well , such republican views dominated, then in the northern they more often talked about a constitutional monarchy or looked for some kind of sub-options, rayleigh there recalled the united states of america, and at the same time preserved some kind of emperor, well, some pretty exotic ones. russia was not very ready, it’s not just the fear that descended on russia there after the collapse of the uprising, so to speak, but no, in general there was little fear there.

funny, yes, even the most progressive , educated people, i’m not even talking about conservatives, like koramzin there, yes, but in principle they rejected this idea, moreover, even the same herzon, who was an apologist for the decembrists in general, wrote to alexander i volume, as noble as i am, what was he talking about, that they could take power. if they were more decisive, but remained standing on

sinat square, waiting for society’s decision, society did not support them, and as he writes, their fate was decided, the key here, the key here : standing for a long time hesitated, hesitated, ibid. it is known, yes, that they stood against their own, the same people who were familiar

with the so-called orthodox catechisms, and this is a treatise composed by the ant apostle and bestozhev, which means that they tried, as it were, from this vertical of power, which was familiar to the soldier, god, tsar, officer, they tried to pull out the middle link, because this is this orthodox catechism, it is formally...

after all, the disciplinary moment was gone, but on the one hand, on the other hand , faith in the good tsar was preserved, that’s it it is very important to understand, it will persist for a long time until the 20th century, but why was it not possible to have at least some minimum of discipline? it all started with a completely ugly scene, and well, the southern uprising

began a little later, so the order came to arrest the muravyov brothers.

already at the expense of this orthodox catechism, so to speak, under the slogan of some ideological revolutionary to win over to one’s side and discipline, it did not work, and apostle muravyov, in principle, finished, his activity ended as well classically perfect, like the story with pugachev and razin who surrendered theirs, a message from the president of the russian federation vladimir putin. federal assembly live broadcast on february 29 at 12:00 moscow time. this is a russian historical podcast.

he was silent, therefore he was in shackles , according to the tsar’s instructions, just like lunin, who, by the way, could run, he was konstantin’s adjutant, no more, no less, konstantin sent him to hunt to the german border in poland, they say run, and lonin refused to run, he went, in fact, he went in the end death, because in siberia there are still legends that he not only died at the kakatui penal servitude, but that he was killed, but the inheritance many of them, including the apostle, talked about their plans in the hope , again, of something, that so the tsar will listen and carry out reforms, yes, in the end... tightening the screws, as a result , some of the historians actually believe that the defeat of the decembrist uprising did not lead to the approach of reforms,

on the contrary, to conservation, i don’t agree with this, i rather i would say that nikolai will not reform anything in any case was going, and the decembrists had no one to take the most important thing, after all, it was alexander who said, but there was no one to take, well , there was just someone to take, for that matter, yes, there are few of them from my point of view.. .he ordered the collection, how to say , we prepared a note that the decembrists proposed there, he looked at it, he admired it, yes, nevertheless, you are right,

he did nothing in this regard, well, the secret committees on peasant business that didn’t even know, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, but on the whole he believed that russia’s shoes were not new needed, you just need to patch them up, a little bit, so he basically, yes, he patched them up hard.

really missed, the future, the future, she , well, i don’t know, they had no chance, they could n’t, you know, maybe if this had happened,

i don’t know, there in a few years, they would have succeeded, well, in any case , they would have taken power, but an unexpected event happened, so to speak, the tsar died, this death caught them, so to speak, at the moment... which just like that established autocratic power, alexander ii probably would not have been able to abolish serfdom too, because

those who... in the state in which they were, could not succeed, and so we nevertheless know that this tightening of the screws under nicholas i later led, alas, to the tragedy of the crimean war to how it was then necessary from this, again with the help of some analogue of revolution from above, when they talked about the decembrists, they did not utter this phrase, but they actually wanted to do just that, to seize the heights of power, yes, to carry out a revolution from above, it was necessary a new revolution from above later, which nevertheless turned out to be less radical, but

still a disease. well, historians, you know, as always, gather two historians, there will be three opinions, yes, be that as it may, of course, at that time russia was not ready, it, that is, of course, a revolution, i don’t know , there pestel would become rabespierre and would execute the ant apostle or the ant apostle, so to speak, execute arbespierre, so to speak. uh, i don’t know, it’s difficult to predict, and the last name here is in general, so i cited purely conditionally, because the revolution finds its hero in the crowd simply with talent, and then these heroes , well, as you know, as he said, but are devoured, so to speak, all directions of social thought were forced to determine their attitude towards decembrism and inevitably took into

account this decembrist ethics, right? these ethics are actually in general lack of silver, according to which we must give up our own privileged position in order to, even at the cost of our lives, this is odoevsky exclaimed, who wrote a response to pushkin from siberia, yes, oh, how gloriously we will die the day before , that is, in order for the people to live better, self-sacrifice is acceptable and necessary, and in general, people who, where i started, yes, everything is there , the means justify the end, not everything, but this too will be... of course, of course, definitely , we will continue, we will discuss more, today we tried to understand the phenomenon of decembrism , how much it influenced our history, a very controversial topic, according to we tried our best, it was a historical podcast, russia and the west on the swing of history, pyotr romanov was with you.

gay solovyov, we were actually talking about people who were very few in number, but who, as our conversation today probably showed, had a very great influence and still continue to influence our history to a certain extent. study history with us, along with the historical podcast russia west on the swing of history. all episodes of the podcast russia and the west on the swing of history can be viewed on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru. i once suggested this to my students: task, gave them a text and asked them to identify its main feature, someone said that the text was too short and uninformative, someone , on the contrary, that it was too long, but they were all wrong. the main feature was that this text was written not by a person, but by a computer program. hello, we

have gathered today. about artificial intelligence. harutyun vashkhanovich avitisyan, academician of the russian academy of sciences, director of the institute of system programming, protyrey pavel velikanov, associate professor of the moscow theological academy, i am vladimir ligoida. you know, as a pre-question, a warm-up question, i want to ask you this. what would you call the main horror story about artificial intelligence today, which has nothing to do with reality? and what really worries you... there are a lot of horror stories, but globally, my opinion is that it is very important that our society and we understand that we are still dealing with advanced it technologies, and not artificial intelligence in the real sense of the word, horror stories concern basically, films are being made on this topic, mainly about the fact that artificial intelligence will get out of control, that it will become more powerful than the person himself, and

it seems to me that it is very important to define this here. a watershed that these are, in principle, different worlds, and there is no need to be afraid of this in this sense, while the accelerated implementation of any technology, including artificial intelligence, which... gives a significant increase in labor productivity, i will say this, and sometimes by tens of percent, sometimes in order, without control of mechanisms, technologies, checks for trust and security in a broader sense, of course, this is very, very dangerous, and sometimes they even scare me that here is public opinion, they poll public opinion and are proud that 70-80% of our population believes that artificial intelligence - it’s not scary, it’s normal, yeah, because generally speaking, you should be afraid of it.

let's definitely talk about this, there are just a lot of questions at once, unfortunately, not much time, in principle the main answer has been given, but i still want, maybe to explore this topic a little, look, allen turing, a famous mathematician, i think, in 1950 or 1951 , published his article asking the question: can a machine think? if i’m not mistaken, he then suggested the so-called imitation game, yes, what if there is a leader, a man and a machine. then the presenter is given a task, he asks questions to these two interlocutors and must use their answers to determine which of them is a machine, which of them is a person? i think thuring said that if more than 70 answers are accepted as human in 5 or 10 minutes, then

it means it’s a person, it seems like i read that not a single machine has passed this test so far, further with it, as i understand it, they became controversial and so on, now this doesn’t pose a question to your definition, what? after all, this is definitely not intelligence, you understand what’s the matter , technology is not structured like that, if uh, i don’t know, your diesel engine is made very well, it looks like i don’t know, some other super engine, it’s not means that it is no longer diesel, yes, here we have exactly the same situation, while strong artificial intelligence, in this sense, from my point of view, is very far away, although there are enthusiasts who believe that in the next few years, maximum 10 years, it will be created, from my point of view this is not will happen. my life, and if it happens will even happen, this is a separate discussion, it needs to be discussed separately, because it is generally accepted in the world, by the way, this confirms my words that the world community thinks so, the subjectivity of the artificial is not discussed anywhere intelligence, this means that after all, everyone

treats this as complex, but technology, from this position we need to consider it, if such technologies appear, i , as a person who deals with this, will see it, doubts will begin to appear, i i will share, but so far i have no doubts. yes, i have no doubt now that everything that is happening now is one way or another very well advanced machine learning, with its own tricks, very advanced, good, and uh, in this sense, of course, we’re just... we all know that in many places it’s very pragmatic to use this, because it was once correctly formulated that, well, i don’t know , a manager, a doctor, any person with artificial intelligence will replace just a doctor, for example, this is possible because his abilities are increasing, as it were, writing texts, for example, that is, what i mean is that there is no need to be tempted because of this, that this is something so incredible, when i listened to you, i also thought that's when we look for an unmanned vehicle, yes... this does not mean that it, that the program controls

the same as a person, yes, there is a completely different principle, what is called driving, you know, this is a very good topic here, unmanned cars after all don’t really exist, so, the fact is that when elon musk, for example, was asked, what did he say, i have an assistant, that is, there are a lot of experiments with driverless cars, but in the sense that the driverless car drives wherever it wants, and he’s fine, this is not there, i have been speaking with this for a long time now and saying that... if there is a dedicated circuit, a special environment, whatever you want to call it, technologically, simply humanly, then yes, then an unmanned vehicle makes sense, and he will drive , but if - for example, on a city scale, this is not a chess game, where a computer can learn to play with itself, this is not a game of go, this is an environment that changes, where it changes dynamically and unpredictably, that is - driverless cars, for now these are research projects, a project, i just i want to bridge the gap that when you said about subjectivity, i remembered that in 2011, when the computer watson, in my opinion,

yes, won jeopard, one of the philosophers said that watson does not know that he defeated geordi , yes, yes, so it seems to me that a very important topic is that a person in a situation where he does not have a pre-prepared algorithm, he dives into a certain depth, artificial intelligence has nowhere to dive, well, that is, there is no such spare space, from which could quickly improve the necessary algorithms for... well, by the way, i also remembered this now, i read somewhere that if, when we compare the human brain with a computer, yes, then we still proceed from the fact that a computer is a deterministic system, that is, under some and under the same conditions, but we get the same result, and the human brain is a non-deterministic system, the results will always be different anyway, so i wouldn’t pose the question here like that, because one of our listeners will start this later, because what artificial intelligence is after all not quite anymore.

deeper, how to say, firstly, the idea that neural networks and the human brain are one and the same thing, this is, to put it mildly, even well, you can say so, but still the matter is no longer discussed, this is no longer a hypothesis , i think pavel balaban, our famous academician there, now he says that everything connected with human memory is not connected with neurons at all, with new cells, well, not with new, but with known ones. and we need to study them and a new direction, in fact, we all need to do this, so the brain is much more complex history, probably this is the very last thing that a person in his humanity will be able to study, so this is some kind of model, it has the right to life, it has shown its functionality, but we must treat it this way, that we have a fairly effective tool for solving the problem, now it is necessary, based on the complexity that this technology represents, we must manage. that it’s profitable, well, it’s clear that when you let a person into the subway, well

, let’s implement it everywhere at any cost, because what difference does it make, well, even if he cheats but don’t take it that now he comes in, well, let him come in, it won’t affect anything, and if he goes to a nuclear facility, for example, it’s probably not worth the risk and should be there. more contours of protection to check for sure that it is he or it is not him, here it seems to me that world practice is already moving in this direction, the europeans are generally tough, so they announced in may, we discussed this at our conference, now - they decided to divide artificial intelligence into three parts, one part will simply be prohibited, for example, there is the collection of biometrics in public places, social scoring, the second part will necessarily be regulatory, well , for example in aviation, you know there are strict rules - it’s just that if you are not developing an operating system for

aviation from scratch, for example, it is impossible to certify, then there is a fairly strict one, but there is no artificial intelligence there, this is ordinary software, but an extremely dangerous zone and , accordingly, the costs of certification for support are sometimes several times higher than for the development itself, we are doing this, that’s why i i know well, we make a real-time operating system ourselves , finally the third part, when you can use it as you want, it doesn’t affect anything, well, for example, the metro fund from my point of view can be entered into the third part, a person comes in, comes in, yes, or there to the dining room , for example, admission, well, well, the congress is once again, but on a large scale this does not play a role, this needs to be discussed somehow in our society, because now the opinion was...

that that we will have the opportunity to make such a quantum leap in understanding the depth processing of formal data, even if we take, relatively speaking, languages ​​there, because today we are all witnesses to how much the quality of translation has advanced not only from modern languages, but also from ancient ones, for example, i don’t speak ancient armenian there, but today thanks to artificial intelligence.

drilled into infinity, that’s why i really like this image, but the hole doesn’t have its own nature, you know, that is, this opens up, in my opinion, an absolutely stunning prospect of such fearlessness specifically in the scientific field, great guys, i know him well, he’s a brave man. “vival is good, he’s not afraid of blood, neither his own nor someone else’s , i want to change my life for the better, take it this way and change it, with us , as someone says, changes will deplete something, the budget has passed all levels, the highest approval revealed our little trick , that is, to pay for what has already been paid, for you the goal is more important than people, judas,

judas, brother, he’s just the opposite, we need to leave.” i beg you, go away, i beg you, follow me, big premiere, union salvation, you shouldn’t wait for new incidents , where, when, watch the time after the program , it doesn’t happen that a person was in your life, then he disappears, even if he dies, in this girl you almost don’t recognize the child who you lost 5 years ago my dearest thing, mother. i do not think. that i am without her, i have a pile of memories, but this is my mother, yulia nachalova died very young, at 38, leaving her beloved daughter, vera, to her parents and ex-husband. i said that, unfortunately, i have very difficult news for you, that mothers are already with us no more, what's that...