this word is used to express expression, but you use it constantly, it loses its expression, here in russian we have, as in many languages, there are complete synonyms in exactly one area, but some linguists say that there are no complete synonyms, they exist, but in one area we violate one of the main laws of language, this is the law of economy of linguistic means, usually we do not even use two identical words, because man is a lazy creature, as... as you know, this is the main property that defines him life and we don't do that what can you not do, we don’t store two words if they are the same, but in the area of ​​expressive vocabulary, please , we have whole rows, for example, for the meaning of steal, eat, steal, whistle, slam, there is no situation when you can say slam, but you can’t say steal, i won’t continue this series, it’s quite long, why is that? arranged because

if we use one word to express an expressive meaning, it will be erased, it will lose its expression, it will be meaningless, and so we have a deck, which we shuffle, but there remains a slight feeling of novelty, yes, that is, these meanings of surprise, they still exist, the same with obscene vocabulary, if we use it all the time, if we get used to it, and we are getting used to it, by the way, already mind you, she is losing her...

i also say that it somehow acts in the sense of obscene vocabulary, if earlier this language was exclusively masculine, now in this sense we are a country of victorious feminism, there is no difference, even men are sometimes embarrassed when they hear from women something too sweet, strong, but still adults try not to do this in front of children, and children are embarrassed to say this in spite of themselves, although both groups know very well that... all the words are known and that they are used in their age groups, but with children it’s especially important to work and explain to them to educate them on what is possible and what is not, because on the one hand, of course, the forbidden fruit is sweet, and children also like that there are expressions behind it, they love it, so make them learn poetry, no, i won’t hear the extreme swearing, it’s right there a three-year-old child will give it to you,

maybe this vocabulary will be detabulated , some new linguistic taboo will arise , alas, no, we have no reason for the emergence of new taboo words, instead of those that exist, so yes, we need to take care of what that is, that is, it has become a direct reserve for swearing, or a holiday of russian swearing, it seems to me that some kind of government measures need to be taken, we will, yes, we will not be grist for the mill until tabooization. let’s take care of the brightly expressive medium that we have, otherwise we won’t have there will be ways to express very , really very strong feelings, and it exists now, it is very bright, capacious, yes, short, laconic, in general, all the possibilities for expressing various strong emotions still exist, but alas, if it all continues like this , as now, not for long, but is there some peculiarity of swearing, well... these words, which

cannot be named, because of which they are so powerful in word formation, because hundreds, thousands of forms can be made, well, the russian language at all.

the creative fervor, so to speak, of the russian people, it’s not over yet, we think about different things, we find ways to express strong emotions, especially since we are given many reasons for this, but does swearing have some kind of therapeutic effect, of course,

of course, this is no longer a discovery, but about many people write this and even, as i read to choleric people, doctors, especially choleric people, advise not to hold back. in some situations, sometimes this allows you to avoid, for example, a stroke, that is, when there is a need to quickly relieve tension, psychological, physiological even, it helps, but again , you see, this is a therapeutic property, it exists as long as we have not de-tabooed this vocabulary, as long as there is a strong taboo, because stress is relieved by breaking the taboo, you break the rules, you have all these things there. ..

bacteria get used to them, those who have mastered them survive and antibiotics lose their value, and if you take antibiotics every day, then if you do this uncontrollably, it’s unreasonable, i don’t consult with specialists, yes, especially

different antibiotics in different situations, yes , i agree, it’s a good analogy, this is how it works, well, or valuable wine, let’s say, because if he drinks every day, i don’t know... the destruction of a language taboo turns swearing into dirty language, this becomes dirty language, unfortunately, and i explained to the children

that there are situations when you feel very bad, you are poisoned, to save your life and health, you need to induce vomiting, this is a strong remedy, but it will save you. and if the situation is really that bad, you won't be judged for doing this, even there i don't know in some unexpected place, but this... does not mean that you can go spitting at all people exactly because you wanted, this is for a situation of appropriateness, yes, here now it was appropriate, and if you can restrain yourself, then do it, restrain yourself, because with uncontrolled such use, widespread, it really turns into dirty language that is simply unpleasant to listen to, it ceases to be such an amazing idea.

in the eighth grade i wrote an essay: i want to decorate this world. my biggest dream is this is, of course, to see our entire country. i personally recommend trying jellyfish in its own juice, it’s a really tasty thing. we have a dream to definitely visit the sea, and we are trying to... go, but we just can’t, oh, sea, sea, devoted to the rocks, you will give the surf for a while, we need to preserve family values, because this is the basis on which we must build our joint happy future, and we promise that we will move mountains, that we, as one big family , will move towards the bright future of our city, moscow region throughout russia. kut schüdinger’s podcast is with you and we are talking about russian swearing, well

, when you start talking about dirty language, it’s unpleasant to listen to, a teenager awakens in me who wants to violate this, i can give an episode from my school practice, we had a project competition, which in fact it seems like the class teachers did, and i go up to the stand and there’s this dirt, don’t litter your word, and there are two girls, eighth, ninth grade, with such smart eyes, these prohibitions seem to be for them some kind of adult nonsense, and i want to break them, just like, excuse me, in general the whole topic of sexuality, at least for boys, teenagers, i really want to break these prohibitions, well, if we talk about sexuality and words, so to speak, related to sexuality, here a separate problem, because as you know, it was not said by me , nabukov also said that the russian language does not have... well, a verb to denote an act of love in this sense, we do not have a language to

talk about it, now this language is appearing , he appeared thanks to borrowings and tracings mainly , yes, that is, we have the opportunity to talk about this, before this it was not discussed, this is not a topic that can be discussed, this is understandable, teenagers need to talk about this, this is an important part of their life, an important part their growing up. but it’s not a fact that we need to speak in exactly these words, no, i was talking about the sexual sphere not in the sense that it needs to be described in swear words, i made an analogy that this is also a forbidden area, there is pornography, well, it’s clear that any teenager a male somewhere will watch some kind of erotic pornography, it seems to me that this is not a forbidden area, but this is a forbidden tool, these are forbidden means. to talk about something, well, taboo , yes, like that, what we’re talking about, here’s a slightly

different situation, we say that different things can be discussed in different ways, we have separate words, here they are for this, when we we prohibit, it is also often quite hypocritical, yes, such words are not in the russian language, they cannot be pronounced, while children know that they there are, and the children know that they are spoken , of course, they stop believing us, it’s just not that they violate our prohibitions, they don’t believe us, they use these words because they know that we are deceiving them when we explain to them , that such words exist, but they were made for this, here is this tool, there is no need to hammer nails with a microscope, this tool is made for something else, yes these words exist, yes they were used here , here here, here, here, everything , they exist, but they are made for something else. then children, me it seems that they will believe us more , as for teenagers, in principle, for teenagers

, breaking all the rules, i’m not even talking about prohibitions, the rules that exist in the adult world - this is part of their growing up, okay, let them swear if they need to in this period to talk like that, they will talk like that, i don’t want it to be ten-year-old children, well, for it to come somehow later, but i have to tell you that... i make a remark to teenagers when i hear censored speech on the street, and not on the street, and i have never received an aggressive reaction in response, i simply explain that it is unpleasant to listen to. if you need to talk like that, please talk quietly so that they don’t hear you, they get embarrassed, are understanding and say: “yes, yes, sorry, we won’t.” we must understand that language is a tool, very rich, very diverse, enormous, with a huge number of elements, components, capabilities, our task is to learn how

to use this tool correctly, that is, in what situations, what can we say, there are situations. childhood, i think there’s a place for everything, about saving swear words, maybe it’s worth, in addition to prohibitive measures, more trying to figure out similar means, well, for example, i’m thinking now about emzy, because these are also means of expressing emotions, there’s a gigantic range of mild irritation to severe irritation, from

moderate delight to stunning delight, maybe teach schoolchildren to use it. they know how, yes, it seems to me, better than us, we really have ways of expression, like this emotions, yes, they appeared before our eyes , literally, but they are graphic, well, we now have a lot of communication, absolutely true, but whatever it is now , spontaneous communication is written, and as if in real time, yes, what there wasn’t before, that is, correspondence was always postponed , so to speak, there was, that is, there was a certain distance between creation and receipt, now this distance seems to be gone, but still, when you create a written text, when you give birth, you put the letters next to each other, a this is not as spontaneous communication as oral communication, it can be with you and me, but with some twelve-year-old teenager, then everything, well, it’s a process,

it’s still a process, he still gives birth to a phrase, constructs it and thinks what put the letters, he puts the phrase indignant emodi is the same thing that was sent to the swearing, no, well, maybe , well, this is also a means of expressing emotions, quite fast, but at the same time i’m not sure that it is as uncontrollable as an escaped bater word, just as much strong, i don’t think so, we need to study it, it’s interesting , by the way, that if we’ve already started talking about... written language, that we have graphic euphemisms, it’s like, because not only when the word is sounded, but when it’s written and accordingly while reading , a person also experiences stress, because this is a violation of a taboo, and there are means of reducing this stress, this is graphic fimization, when we

replace individual letters of a familiar word with other letters or other symbols, yes, that is, we did not directly write all three letters that ... for example, they meant, but the vowel was replaced with something , this is a graphic fimization, that is, also a hint so that it would not be so scary to write and read, and there is a lot of this now, but alas, it’s time for us to end our conversation, let’s proclaim the main thing that we wanted communicate that swearing should be protected, it should be used less often, not because it is bad, but... because it is valuable, take care of russian swearing, take care of the russian language, including russian swearing, because it is a valuable resource, and no need to babble him. thank you very much, maria, thank you very much to those who listened to us, yes the power of science and the power of language will come with you. you can find all episodes of our podcast on

the website of the first channel 1tv.ru. hello, my name is dmitry bak, the next episode of the podcast is on the air: let them not talk, let them read, from the title itself, of course, you understood that we are talking about literature , about reading, about how books are written, how books are read, what happens to literature in its... subsequent fate, one of the roads for the development of literature is theater and cinema, these arts interact very closely in the 20th century, in the theater, of course, before, and... about all this, today we will talk with a wonderful guest, today we have people ’s artist of the russian federation, avangard nikolaevich leontev, hello, avangard

nikolaevich, hello, dmitry petrovich, i’m very glad that you agreed to come to us , talk about literature, about theater, of course , according to tradition, let's start from the very beginning, well, how did it happen to you that you became an actor, a trivial question, a strange question, well, sometimes it happens with... by chance, sometimes this is the essence of life from the very childhood years, as all this happened to you, avangard nikolaevich, my father dreamed, nikolai ivanovich dreamed of being an actor, and even he entered, he was involved in amateur performances in the city of orel, and even he entered the higher directing courses at the selad miirhold, he wrote. an explication of the play based on the children of vanyushin was found and he should have been accepted or accepted, but my mother, they got married

already at that time, yeah, somehow she was afraid of bohemia, she didn’t allow my father to follow this line, you can imagine in her the theater performance is, first of all, what is behind the stage after you know that i think that mom and dad loved each other very much and were faithful to each other all their lives. lived for many years together, but they were very jealous, i think my mother was jealous, so i think that this, of course, is not a matter of bohemianism, but that the theater, it doesn’t happen, it doesn’t happen that the theater of a person , there are actresses, you know, firstly, an actress, and secondly, theater is another life, it usually draws a person in, well , of course, well, by the way, an eagle is the literary capital of russia, as is commonly believed, this black earth zone, boris konstantinovich zaitsev, ours is more famous. and a writer who lived more than half his life in exile, he said that the russian north gives birth to saints, and the russian black earth region gives birth to

artists, this is a very accurate view , they are connected with the eagle, it’s easier to say who is not connected, yes, turgenev, bunin, andreev, liskov, giant peaks, was it somehow in your mind or not, or just family, well, over time, over time, you know, my brother, valery, the eldest, he is 82 years old. he even wrote a book about oryol stories, yeah, he was sitting in the library in khimki, there is a section of the main library of the country, which we call leninka, by inertia, he read all the newspapers that were published in oryol, all until the seventeenth year of the 20th century, well, it’s very there was such an intense artistic life, literary life, journalistic life, right? from there from the newspapers, uh-huh, that means everything connected with these names that you named and some stories there turned out to be small, such tiny little ones,

can you imagine, he was so carried away by it all, so that our oryol roots, now, especially with age, we feel, well, that’s how it turned out - it turned out that you were no longer an amateur actor, like... your father, but professionally, it started before the moscow art theater school, yes, where you studied , you know, it started, at home at all sorts of family holidays i always performed, even before school, and valery tells me that i’m at a christmas tree somewhere, here you know, on new year's day this company takes the children to matinees there and i don’t remember that i read mikhalkov’s fables there in the faye.

i see these people, but there is also a very important story rooted here, because there are many famous actors who are famous for their roles, but... practically at school, but still a smart person advised me to go to the house of pioneers , the city house of pioneers, i came to the

literary studio, yeah.

in the fiftieth year of the 20th century, so she began to announce the thresholds of the editorial office so that they would publish something, but nothing worked, she handed it over to rgali, in tsgali she told me this archive one day, that after i handed over the archive to sigism , it will end up written, yes , i handed it over to tsgali, someday they will publish it, said

lanna gavrilovna, i’m an idiot, fifteen years old , i thought to myself, they will never publish it, here in 2001, 2002 i’m standing in the bookstore store on pushkin square, uh-huh, and i can’t believe my eyes, sigismund kryzhanovsky, three volumes, yes, in a luxurious dust jacket, with luxurious photographs, this is a wonderful author, unlike anyone else, so mystical... three more volumes, two dissertations were defended at the same time, well, vadim perelmutor appeared , such an enthusiast, because it is very important that someone later not only relatives, he did a lot vadim perelmutor, and ionna delectorskaya, evgenia varabyova, those who defended dissertations on kryzhanovsky,

so here’s it happens in stories. moreover, they didn’t know kryzhanovsky for external reasons, these are just soviet censorship reasons, otherwise listen, and alexander osaevich slozhenitsyn, well, after all , tvordovsky published it, thank god during his lifetime, he published one thing, there, i wanted, there are two more, they scattered the set, put it away, did not allow it, then it was all confiscated, they were banned from the library, the man wrote, wrote everything.

the best skiers of the century, it will be hard, i’m ready, elena, velby flies into the stadium, white! snow on saturday on the first, we start kvn, for what, for what, what is left for me, no one, kvn, major league, new season, on saturday, on the first. well, we are with you again. together, a literary podcast, let them not talk, let them read, i am still dmitry bak, and our guest today is the people's artist of russia, avangard nikolaevich leontyev. well and what happened then, after anna gavrilovna, after

anna gavrila, she introduced me to dmitry nikolaevich zhuravlev, a great reader, a great, people's artist of the soviet union, and he prepared me for admission to the mkhat studios schools. he worked with me a little and selected the repertoire, introduced me to his student viktor karlovich manyukov , a famous professor at the moscow art theater school, he auditioned me, in general, i had support before the selection committee, because monyakov was on the selection committee. some kind of confidence is everything. there was no confidence, no, there was no confidence , but such wonderful people supported me, and what they read, remember, interestingly, i remember, i read the fairy tale about the golden cockerel by pushkin, that you are a golden cockerel, about the golden cockerel, this

cockerel then fed me , when i already entered the philharmonic into the reading department, the literary and reading department, after graduating from the studio school i began reading concerts in schools, with this golden... tushkom i performed in schools hundreds of times. well, this is a wonderful text by pushkin. it's just such a gem. listen, how wonderfully the children listen to him, to pushkin in general, the children listen wonderfully. and gorky, by the way, i read gorky when i was a child. and a little later i will ask you to read something, this is exactly the topic that i will not hide, i was preparing for discussion, because not every actor has the same taste as you for reading. and... they read literature less often, maybe i’m wrong, but less often they read plays and dramas, fragments , concert, concert, well, of course, jurassic only did, in my opinion, jurassic did, in my memory, yes, but mostly the readers are reading,

literature, poetry or prose, poetry or prose, yes, this, this is a parallel profession, because there is no costume, no scenography, no, there is nothing, nothing, you yourself and the text. depends, but of course it depends on the author, first of all, of course, and the author takes you out, brings you in, and leads you, you know, and the height of the author, his equipment of the author, yeah, of course, this is you, well, how, how, how, how, you are not alone, after all, you are not alone, of course, you have a huge range, different registers, i really love your work, namely, including... in genre of reading a literary word , as they say, maybe so improvisationally , would you agree to read something, you mentioned the childhood of maxim gorky, it will be, i you know, i will read a small piece, yeah, a fragment about how after

how his grandfather whipped alyosha, alyosha is the main character of the childhood story - this is his grandfather, yes, this is grandfather koshirin, and alyosha is the bitter future himself. beaten with rods, family members began to come and visit him, and the grandfather himself came, by the way, and apologized for what he had done, and gorky then writes that i realized that grandfather

was not angry and not scary, but the main gypsy there came, he was such a foundling, raised in the house by his grandmother, yes, yes, this gypsy came to visit. alyosha, square , broad-chested, with a huge curly head, he appeared in the evening, festively dressed in a golden silk shirt , corduroy trousers... creaky boots like an accordion, his hair shone, cheerful braces and eyes sparkled under thick eyebrows and white teeth, under his shirt glowed like a dark stripe of young mustache, softly reflecting the red light of an unquenchable lamp , you look,” he told me, rolling up his sleeve showing his bare arm up to the elbow covered in red scars, it was even worse, it’s healed a lot , can you feel how my grandfather began to go into a rage, i feel it, i see... he axes you, i started to put this

hand out, i was waiting for the pond to break, grandpa would go for another , and the old woman would drag you away to alimat, well , the rod didn’t break, it’s flexible, soaked, but you see that you got hit less, you see how much, he laughed again like a silken with a gentle laugh, laughing, looking at his hand and saying, i feel so sorry for you, i smell trouble, and he whips, snorting at the horse , shaking his head , let loose freely, lie down like jelly and don’t

pout, breathe at the top of your lungs, shout good obscenities, you remember this, this is good, i asked, will they still flog, but how? , calmly, answered the gypsy, they will often beat you down, but for what? grandfather will find it, he started teaching again , if he whips from a canopy, he just puts it on top of his eye, lie freely, softly, and if he whips with a drawbar, he will hit him and pull the lazina so that the skin with... i looked at him and remembered my grandmother's fairy tales about ivan tsarevich about ivadushka the fool. here's a fragment. amazing. you know, i remember lying there with jelly. this is of course my childhood reading. i remember this scene, but i still have this exact phrase “kiselemli”. i didn’t remember at all, thank you for reminding me of this, that

alyosha was sort of reconciling with his grandfather, yes, it’s just a pity that through such torment, yes, yes, now they would say that this is a childhood trauma, a fashionable topic , it pained me to tears to remember that it was he who beat me so cruelly, but i couldn’t forget about it, writes gorky, this is an amazing story, and what a contrast with the other children's trilogy, right? asking in general would be wrong, but

i also heard about the windows of the army and was simply shocked by how you do it, there is also a lot of cruelty there, a lot of such rude, violent things, this is a book that was published in the mid-twenties , in fact, this is a different picture of the civil war, if you like , the twentieth century, yes, yes, of course, i think that...

the red army soldiers realized that there was salt there, and not a baby, they shot her, shot her immediately, yes, and i didn’t knew how to read this story, how can i justify this execution, you see, well, there wasn’t yet, there wasn’t yet a polyphonic perception of life, then we were brought up very straight, after all, in soviet times. there are enough, yes, enough , references, so uh, i, i realized that i couldn’t read it then, now i would take it, of course, of course, with the current understanding, uh, of our 20th century, russian, of course, this , this is the focus, like poem xix, of everything that happened to russia in the 20th century, there is so much violence, so many tragedies. how is it read everything? here lydia ginsburg, a wonderful literary critic, says that babel does not change voices, that is, he writes with equal intonation about

suffering about beauty, the sun rolls like a severed head, for example, he has an image in the first short story, the passage through the bruch, and... i have a question like this, not even for an amateur, but for a layman, well, how to approach this, what kind of feeling is possible here, it’s one thing when the reader is alone with himself, somewhere in the evening , reading such prose, but as an actor or reader, if this is a word you don't get offended like he does does, babel is very ascetic, despite the brightness, he very much selected expressive means, everything is so... compressed, even fazil iskander said that it was overly compressed, even the very beginning of the story, there is nowhere else to compress this spring, well, yes, well iskander believed, but this asceticism in approaching oneself, as an author, as a writer, that one must

squeeze out absolutely everything unnecessary, you know, maybe there is some kind of contradiction here, maybe i’m wrong, such redundancy. i went with mikhail mikhailovich and zhvanetsky to one event, and i said: mikhail mikhailovich, i’m now doing a program on babel, i haven’t had to learn anything more difficult to simply memorize, he says, of course, because it’s a language, that is, it’s its own language, here’s babel

, this helps a lot, by the way, for the performer, you understand, when you understand that this is not some kind of language that you can pick up in a dictionary, but it’s... some kind of organic matter, which, yes, yes, this very much somehow shapes you, you know, me it always seemed very strange or conjectural that one could not sympathize with this, that is, as soon as you if you try to feel sorry for someone, you will die , because when an elderly young jewish woman says, whose father was killed, the hacked father lies nearby, she calmly speaks, and where in the world will you find a father like my father, that is, if... think about it in this situation , yes, what lies, i don’t even want to say it, is it possible and necessary to react directly, sympathize, or is some kind of distance also needed, if you try to sympathize with such a mountain, such a massacre, are you a performer or are you a performer, yes, i'm interested exactly how you do it no, performer

of course, it is necessary, here it is necessary, as dmitry nikolaevich zhuravlev said, it is necessary to keep oneself on the leaders, yeah, that is.