i’m coming to you, why, i lived this day completely differently, i didn’t even go near this stone.

so zyuzina and karasev didn’t turn in our textbooks, we still don’t have them today, you are here, they are present, where am i now, well, to help, where to help, who? elizarov, me too. you are real, i'm so glad you

're back, i woke up today terrified that i'll have to write a test a second time, but how did you get us out? i just spent this day x, completely differently, and we lived another day in the opposite direction, my grandfather has so many interesting things for me told me, right? “oh, i didn’t tell you the main thing, i’m not leaving anywhere, my father was left here for another 3 years, ugh, with such an idiot, another 3 whole years in the same class, and if he does something again, in 3 years, “he’ll definitely do something, maybe may has nothing to do with it, but it was the longest may of my life.”

we are glad to welcome you to the podcast deception of substances and its leading editor-in-chief of komsomolskaya pravda olesya nosova and i am an endocrinologist zuhra pavlova. today we will talk about an important topic, very interesting, about the obesity we get from fruits. and in fact, this is also one of those topics that lies on the surface, but which... not everyone, as they say, reaches, this fall we learned the chic word zhezhirka, this was said in relation to manul timosha from the moscow zoo, who by winter i went through this process of fattening, from 2 kg it increased to 6 kg, this is how it is with manuls

, to gain fat by winter, the word fattening, in my opinion, is wonderful, this is the same word fattening, in general... you can name what happens to a person when he eats a lot of fruits, fruits and the fructose they contain are an ideal way to gain fat, prepare for winter, and prepare for winter, in fact, bears gain most of their weight, despite the fact that they are such ferocious, terrible predators, and so on , they gain most of their weight from fat, or rather, they gain it from berries, fruits, and so on, and not from what you would think. absolutely exactly, i’ll deviate a little now, we once went to donbai on the glacier, the border guards stopped us and said that you can’t walk along that path, because there is a bear eating raspberries, the bear is busy with a very important matter, he needs to go through the fattening, yeah,

and being distracted was somehow life-threatening, this is really so, for some reason it doesn’t come to mind most people think that fruit is sweet. suddenly it is somehow connected with fat, because when we eat lard, well, there is probably a reason, yes , people assume that lard, fat also accumulates fat, and fruits and berries are sugar, some kind of sugar, plus they themselves are low in calories, if you look at the calorie content of, i don’t know, apples, what the calorie content of apples is, well , in my opinion, it seems to me, 50-60 kilocalories, approximately depending on the size, but what is very important here is what will happen later in... in the body of a person or a bear, when you eat these apples, and it is also very important how many of these apples you eat, and what is also very important, how does the change in appetite occur against the background of eating apples or other fruits, but about that a little later, but for now i’ll also

tell you how, as an example, i came to one day a patient said to me: doctor, i’ve lost weight so well, i’ve been there for a week. on a watermelon diet and her eyes light up, the person is very happy, i say how much they have lost, she says, more than five kilograms. i say, you know, let us now do a study on body composition analysis, and you will see what you lost in relation to this lady was especially significant, because i had bioimpedance before, that is, the results of her body composition before, here after her diets. and i knew that we would see, but to talk about it first, when a person came in such lifting, not very reasonable, it’s better to show it so that objective data is visible, well, actually, what we saw was a sufficient loss of muscle mass, and adipose tissue

increased, and i began to explain to her that a watermelon or any other fruit diet, a mono-diet, it assumes admission. only a specific component, yes, well, in particular, watermelon, it’s a lot of water, it’s glucose, it’s fructose and, of course, dietary fiber. which, by the way, is useful regarding dietary fiber, but there isn’t very much of it, after all, but there really isn’t any a lot, naturally, when a person consumes water, sweet and a little fiber, he accumulates fatty tissue, it couldn’t be otherwise, and muscle tissue will be lost all this time, because protein is not supplied at all, and the need for it is every minute , not that every day, every minute exists in the body, and the body, regarding the situation as... stressful, because a very important, the most important macronutrient has stopped coming, it will consume muscle

mass, losing muscle mass is very bad, this just such a process that i would call pathological, well, in general, this is old age, well, of course yes, this is old age, this is sarcopine, this is when fat accumulates and muscle mass is lost, nature, so to speak, prepares us for leaving, that is, our body muscle tissue, say , from the legs there from large muscles, it moves into the muscle tissue that is more important to him, this is the heart, no, he not only moves it into the muscles, he of course supports the heart muscle, everything that can be said which muscle tissue is for us not needed, well, we're not musculoskeletal we walk, let’s say, yes, okay, in principle we can live, let’s say, with its decrease, but we have a muscle layer in all our vessels, all vessels expand, contract, it’s vitally important. lungs that are constantly working , in general, we should not lose muscle tissue anywhere, yes, we do not need to lose it at all, this is

an indicator of such general health and, let’s say, general safety, nature is not very emotional in this matter, it is so reasonable , really unemotional, it doesn’t matter to her whether you are a good person or a bad one, she only one thing matters: are you healthy or not, are you reproducible or not, and where there is muscle tissue... and it’s not very good to pass on such genetics, well, figuratively speaking, so when i explained to this lady that she was accumulating fatty tissue, because when she wants to eat, and she only has watermelon , she only ate watermelon, and she wasted muscle, because all this time cells were being built, some were being destroyed, hormones were being built, and all hormones have a protein component, well, practically. other important substances, enzymes and so on and so forth, so

the need for protein did not stop for more than one second, and there was no protein supply, yes, but there was no protein supply, so muscle mass was actively destroyed, moreover, when we change something consciously, we we understand that we want it this way, we have some idea or some circumstances, but the body at such a subconscious level does not perceive the situation as... controlled, it simply focuses on what is being done, what is happening, so assessing it after the fact, and if it suddenly stopped coming vitally important macronutrient, protein , then this is stress, and where there is stress we have a lot of cortisol, and where the level of cortisol increases, there we have increased fat formation, and fat formation with an increased need for cortisol is abdominal, that is, in the stomach, that is, in us from some... imaginary well-being on the scales, yes, the weight has decreased by more than five kilograms, we got into big troubles,

some can be easily neutralized, and some can lead to significant side effects, you something you want to ask? yes yes, since her fat has increased, it means her volume has not gone away, because fat is more loose than muscle, that is, despite the fact that her number on the scale has decreased, her clothing sizes have probably decreased not so significantly, you know, if... it was longer and the person was initially larger, yes, and there is approximately 55 kg, then it is not very noticeable on her, moreover, we have in this crust in the watermelon itself, in the very there are substances in the pulp that contribute to such a diuretic effect, of course it has some kind of edema, edema, and overall fluid content has decreased, which is also very bad, of course, that is, it seems to her that everything... everything is fine, and the figure, here it looks somehow on land, but in essence the situation

only got worse, so mono-diets like this are not about health at all, just like when a person, well, starves for a long time, if there is any kind of fasting, we won’t touch on it now, but in general, when we are on some kind of such, well a little bit of extreme rails, then it’s not about health at all, it’s probably more about willpower, about some kind of... experimental story, but this has little to do with health, i always say: eat in moderation, varied, move a lot, observe circadian rhythms, and you are indestructible, yes.

fruit, others contain more glucose, and this is very, very important, well , for example, if we eat one apple a day, then this is a complete benefit, if there are no contraindications, but there is some kind of exacerbation of a stomach ulcer if we eat half a kilogram of apples, then this is worse, especially worse, and not only in terms of the fact that we begin to accumulate extra calories, which means we accumulate... fat, we get a large amount of fructose. fructose is a fuel, it is the feedstock for the synthesis of uric acid. and here it’s very important to understand: at some point, in humans, everything stopped at uric acid, in humans, at higher premates. and for everyone else, the process goes further. and so scientists puzzled for a long time:

why does a person need a lot of uric acid? we came to the conclusion, well, some scientists did. to me and me it also seems that this is reasonable, that when we began to eat salt, when we began to eat more, let’s say, in excess, uric acid began to play the role of such an antioxidant, but now everyone talks about oxidative stress, oxidants, here is uric acid in normal quantities - this is an excellent antioxidant, that is, which helps us maintain the health of blood vessels, the brain, and the whole body in general, but like... everything in our body, uric acid is just as two-faced; when there is a lot of it, it contributes to a lot of troubles, increases pressure, kidney stones form , for example, and the articular surface is destroyed, that is, we lose our joints, joint mobility, arthritis, arthrosis, and that same gout develop, they say that

the pain from gout is the most painful, yes, it is impossible to endure it, no lord, show me how... to find out from my own experience. gout is also called the disease of kings, those people who eat tasty and plentiful food. and they always name two products: wine and meat. in fact, wine is, as a rule, a derivative of fruits and berries. so, in all fruits, especially pome fruits, that is, apples, pears, berries, strawberries, uh, what else do we have pome fruits? for example, quince, they have more fructose, which means the body synthesizes more uric acid and will bring us closer , so to speak, to gout, not only that, but let’s say cherry, apricot, they, especially cherries, they seem to be sweeter, yes, well yes, and it seems that they are more dangerous, in fact no, where there is more

sweetness, there is more glucose, but glucose is less dangerous for humans, well, in certain quantities, everything in certain quantities, than fructose, there is even such a formula, perhaps it is not correct, correct me if not, glucose is for energy, and fructose is for energy storage, then we must add - energy storage in the form of fat, yes, then everything falls into place, yes , a person needs fructose, because it is very easily and quickly converted into fats, but... almost half of its amount that enters the body will then turn into glucose and be spent as energy if a person is active, if not active, then more part will go into fat, and another part will actively turn into uric acid, moreover, everything in the body is very tricky when

there is a lot of glucose in the body, well, with diabetes, for example, the body... tries to reduce the amount of glucose, turning it into fructose. and then, if a person has gained too much fat tissue and has developed such an extremely unpleasant process as insulin resistance, then this fructose would have to turn into , or rather, on this path of converting glucose into fructose, there is such an intermediate product - cerbitol and so... if insulin resistance is developed in the body, then everything becomes at the stage of this sorbitol, and then such troubles as loss of vision develop in patients with...

including diabetics, but this is a dangerous misconception, it has long been debunked this is a myth, and unfortunately, there are still shelves called for diabetics, everything there is on fructose, waffles, cookies, jam, everything is on fructose, and this is not at all healthy, moreover, it extremely contributes to the progression of diabetes, it contributes accumulation of adipose tissue, in you... the new type 2 diabetes is obesity, that's why fructose, i again want to urge not to demonize any of

the substances that are in our diet, well , it just all depends on the quantity, eat an apple a day, there is even such a proverb, a person who eats an apple a day does not need doctors, an apple yes, but a kilogram of even cherries, or even strawberries, is no longer useful, we continue the conversation in the podcast deception of substances by oles nosov and zukhra pavlova . we very often give to our children or ourselves let's take some banana or apple as a snack, right? well, like, you want to eat those apples. yes, pickle the worm. we will not kill the worm with a banana and an apple, but we will raise three worms, figuratively speaking. and natalia has nothing to do with it. when you and i eat a fruit that contains more fructose, then... it reduces this component of fructose - in our body, especially in the brain, there is a substance such as molon, enzyme a. you don’t have to remember these complex names. the point

is that the less of this substance, the the hunger center will be more activated. and the more we will want to eat for the next meal. without an apple, we would eat less at lunch, eating it between breakfast and lunch. it is better to eat an apple... after breakfast or after lunch, in between you need to drink drinks, primarily water, you can with the same lemon, you can drink a cup of tea or a cup of coffee, but without any additions, if you want coffee, you you just drink coffee, isn’t it better to just eat, well, if you want to eat, eat properly, very important note, look, if 3 hours have passed , let’s say we had breakfast at 7. 3 hours have passed, 10 o’clock in the afternoon, we want to eat, we can eat, because a normal amount of time has passed, 3 hours, from 3 to 5 is absolutely a normal

interval between meals, but if an hour and a half has passed , and this often happens when a person eats just porridge, just ate porridge for breakfast, after one and a half, maximum 2 hours a person wants to eat without protein, well, what to do, have a proper breakfast, zukhra sharipovna, well, we won’t have breakfast anymore, well, just like that, tomorrow. if not had breakfast, then of course, the stimulus for eating is hunger, but if a person has the wrong breakfast, the wrong lunch, then he will want to eat all the time and he will eat extra calories, this is a very important principle of balanced nutrition, it’s exactly about this, if we eat only carbohydrates, and porridge is only carbohydrates , well, fiber, and complex carbohydrates, not simple, complex, if we haven’t added honey to the porridge, for example, then there will be simple carbohydrates, then we won’t be able to. not very good, of course not good, but what should be added to the porridge in order to so that this becomes a normal breakfast? anything protein? yes, you can eat cheese , you can eat an egg, you can add

berries to the porridge, for example, mavsyanka, seasonal ones, for example, yes, or chop some small seasonal fruit, then it will be a very proper breakfast, because there is protein, there are carbohydrates, there is including fiber, but in porridge, in apples, or in fruits or berries, that is. meal, it will last for 3-5 hours, well, most likely for 3 hours, then we should have the next meal, exactly like this well balanced, but we can already afford some more substantial proteins, and that is, we are meat, well, rarely does anyone eat meat for breakfast, although before everyone ate sausage and were happy, well, now we can eat suvit, our favorite boiled chicken, yes yes very good.

excess fat depot, then the same apples or any other seasonal fruits, persimmons, pomegranates , tangerines, they should be eaten as dessert after breakfast and after lunch, this is a very important point, because there is a very, very established myth circulating on the internet that fruits eaten at the main meal lead to fermentation, rotting, and so on, and they fall. that means this is the meat, and the meat takes a long time to digest, and the fruits wait their turn and then wander around, but well, this is verunda, yes, it’s not even primitive, it’s just false, in fact, if you eat a fruit on an empty stomach, then the absorption of glucose occurs much faster, the rise in glucose is much higher, and accordingly the synthesis of insulin is also greater, after all, insulin is

an anabolic hormone in our country. if we eat only carbohydrates, then we actually have good speaking, this energy vector for the construction of adipose tissue, well, in a very simple way, and if we eat protein, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, cottage cheese, and so on, and then as a dessert we eat an apple or any other fruit or berries, then in our country, firstly, the absorption of glucose is not so fast, it is smoother, the rise in this level is not high with... naturally, insulin also does not go off scale, and figuratively speaking, well, that is, apples there do not wait their turn while the meat is digested , they are digested from the first minute they enter the stomach, yes everything has eased up for us, well, it’s very good , mind you, we smile a lot today, either because he talks about delicious things about fruits, yes, by the way, there is also such a non-obvious thing that those fruits and berries that we eat

now. they are completely different, they are much tastier, sweeter , more attractive than, say, some 10, 20, 30 years ago, that is, there is certainly selection going on to increase fructose and glucose in our vegetables, fruits and so on, i agree, perhaps yes, and the likelihood of fattening from them definitely higher, yes, well, eat an apple. in the region where it grows, i must say , it was impossible to eat, that’s why yes , of course, selection does its job, i remember, i have such a memory, when i was in greece for the first time in my life, i was shocked, there

they squeezed it right on the street - there was a squeezer and they squeezed the juice out of the oranges right away, which means they sold it right away, i was shocked, because it turns out that freshly squeezed orange juice is very sweet, just incredibly sweet, it’s good that you remembered about the juice, because here it is very important to say that freshly squeezed juice is often perceived as an element of a good life, and sometimes patients also say: doctor, i drink freshly squeezed juice every day. juice, and i grab my head , i say, it’s very in vain that you are doing this, this can be done as some kind of exclusive, well, for example, i was once in a hotel that was located in an orange grove, and there were these juicers everywhere too , and just for fun, well, you pick it and squeeze it out, that’s it, there are no more situations where i drink freshly squeezed juices, why don’t i do this, because when we eat an orange, one medium orange,

one orange is enough for us, but... to get a glass of juice, we need to survive two or medium three and oranges, imagine how much glucose , you immediately get fructose, it’s just a blow to the system, it’s a blow to the liver, first of all, because the liver begins to process fructose, and what it processes excess fructose into is fat, wonderful, wonderful fat, yes, that very fattening begins, with which we we started, we should probably talk about that here. that fructose is a thing that nature came up with precisely so that people, animals, and mammals accumulate fat, this is an evolutionary mechanism, so fructose first suppresses hunger, well , for a short time, not for long, and then it inflames hunger, and the more you take fructose, the stronger your hunger, all for the purpose, in order to accumulate as

much fat as possible, that’s it. when we start eating fruits and berries in huge quantities, then we enter into this vicious circle and we come out of it as beautiful manuls and timoshas. he couldn’t dress as well as we dress now, yes, and any clothes, as they say, now there is no bad weather, only bad clothes, then it was more difficult for him, and the additional layer for winter, the fat layer, it definitely didn’t suit him interfered, but the person at that time was still very physically active and he... still had brown fat, which suppresses inflammation as much as possible, that is, it balances these fatty deposits so that they do not harm the person. we are very hypodynamic now, we we don’t spend a tenth of the energy

that our great-great-forefathers spent many thousands of years ago, so we don’t need that amount of fat. and with you again is the podcast deception of substances and its hosts, the main one. editor of komsomolskaya pravda olesya nosova and i am an endocrinologist zukhra pavlova. zukhra, you keep saying, now is the season of tangerines, now is the season of persimmons and so on, but in fact, the season of tangerines and persimmons is actually all the time, you can always get it for yourself, this is on the one hand, of course cool, on the other hand, here's for physiologically, this is bad, because when you and i ate cherries during the cherry season, we developed certain immune system substances. this very cherry, and if you continue to eat it, as now with cherries, everything may not be so good, with strawberries, blueberries in general, raspberries, and raspberries, everything is fine, always available, it just costs much more, it seems to us that this is also an element of a beautiful life, but this is

how it should be, we ate, accumulated certain substances, then during the absence of this product we cleaned ourselves, sauerkraut is ours that's it, yes, yes, we replaced it all with sauerkraut and cleaned ours. the body, allowing the immune system, as they say , to function fully and freely, by the next season, already bored , cleansed, figuratively speaking, they came to normal products, this is another word for cleansing, detox, it has also already acquired some kind of abusive variant , because everyone cleans something, some intestines, some liver, some i don’t know, head, there’s no need to do this, we have an excellent self-regulatory system. just don’t bother her to comply seasonality, do you often drink juices, oles? no, i don’t drink juices at all, i have a wonderful juicer, i swear i used it about one and a half times, i bought it exactly at

that moment, so to speak, half a minute before you, as you explained to me, what a threat lies in juice, that’s the worst thing, of course, drinking juice is the impending gout, it, it won’t... and so on, that is, it’s generally the same fructose in large quantities, well, let’s just say, it’s possible from time to time, but we must always understand that every time this is a step beyond to hell with the ribbon, and

it’s better, of course, not to go there very often, yes, another very, very important point is when eating fruit, that’s why i always tell patients, we eat fruit in the first half of the day, everyone is surprised, but in the first half of the day i don't really want to. but i really want it in the evening, i came home , i’m tired, i want to relax, eat something tasty, and this tasty thing is usually fruit, well, sweets in general, why can’t i eat sweets in the evening, because we have very different activity of certain hormones in different times, let’s say we have the highest concentration of testosterone, its level in the morning and low in the evening, but insulin is the opposite, we have it...

not only visceral obesity, you can eat anything, if it’s high in calories and the person doesn’t spend, well i mean that fruit does not cause subcutaneous fatty tissue to increase. it’s just that the body is how the system works, man evolutionarily died of hunger for many millennia, so mechanisms were developed to store everything that was necessary, glucose, fructose, fats, everything will be stored, but the protein, part of it will be stored as fats, as carbohydrates, glycogen reserve, yes, that is, not all will be absorbed, if a person eats a whole chicken, he will not absorb all this protein as protein, some will go into fats, fructose everything is absorbed, everything is in the intestines, and

this is also how it works, it’s interesting that there are a lot of proteins that are targeted, so they are born in order to capture fructose, they are synthesized in the liver, and there they act in large quantities, so all fructose, which hits, everything will be absolutely captured and in is primarily stored in the same liver, so when a person begins to abuse fruits, he develops... as a rule , such a phenomenon as hepatosis, fatty degeneration of the liver, also called fatty degeneration, and we understand that degeneration is bad, well, cirrhosis - this is also dystrophy, well , cirrhosis is the final stage, that is , fatty degeneration develops first, this is hepatosis, in other words, then non-alcoholic fatty liver disease develops, then non-alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, and only then at the end fibrosis, cirrhosis and so on, wow, we ate some berries. yes, that’s exactly it, and also, what is very important

to say, again about this, let’s say about fruits, we think so that we get healthier, we get such a bomb of vitamins, we vitamins are about juices, about juices, we we get vitamins, and we get glucose, fructose, but we don’t get a very, very, very valuable substance, we don’t get fiber, all this cake is thrown away, and this is generally the most valuable thing in fruits, so.. .if you find yourself not i know, there under the tree and the juicer, as an exclusive, drink this juice, just once there, i don’t know, there for six months, the rest of the time eat fruit, also, which is very important in this process, living, yes, here is our favorite 33 times to worry, they ask why 33 times, well, it’s just easy to remember, 33 times, 33 chewing movements, it is still considered that this is... the amount that

when eating hard foods, these are fruits, these are vegetables, this is meat, this number of chewing movements is enough to grind, grind, most of moisten, that’s right, well done, this is the very first stage of digestion, to grind the largest pieces possible, so that everything else can already be grated in the stomach, let’s say, although i once conducted an experiment, it will sound funny now.

that's how much, no one chews that much , but if a person felt bad, yes , let's imagine, there was vomiting, usually, looking at what comes out of a person, you can clearly understand what he ate, because he does not chew, yes, very sad for the stomach, which cannot do this. because the stomach is a muscle, and then in the intestines all this cannot be, well, let’s say, disassembled into parts assimilated, in this situation the process of rotting, i can somehow imagine in the large intestine, and even then it’s so much more, it’s a shame for our taste buds, which cannot taste this fruit properly, because we simply don’t give it to it, we swallow it like hungry wolves, this unfortunate apple, persimmon and so on, we should absolutely chew it. well, what is our main conclusion: we eat fruits, there should be fruits,

there should be berries, yes, eat them in season, in moderation , in the first half of the day, after main meals, after breakfast and after lunch, and in the evening no-no, otherwise fattening, otherwise dark, yes, there was a podcast with you about deception of substances, me name is olesya nosova and endocrinologist zukhra pavlova. hello!

case, the editors of the podcast have prepared many options for bleeping words, although we will not pronounce them, we will talk not about them, but about them, and for this we invited a wonderful guest, maria ravinskaya, linguist, member of the ran spelling commission, associate professor of the department of russian language markhi, if i 'm not mistaken, is a teacher at the higher school of economics in mythology, in general there are a lot of different regalia and titles, and after these titles i would like to ask:

i feel strong emotions. let's start with the basics: where did russian swearing come from? there is a traditional version, tatars-mongols, like everything else. we probably won’t go into this too deeply, but in the russian language the sexual sphere was taboo, it was taboo very strongly, for a very long time, these were such sacred words, sacred motifs that were not discussed, it was not customary to talk about it, it was back in the pre-christian

era, then with the christianization of russia, this taboo intensified, we got it in our culture...

after all, there are analogues of swearing, some taboo zones of the language in other languages? there are many different language taboos, and not only the sexual sphere is tabooed in different cultures, different spheres can be tabooed, well , often sexual, but what else? but well , the anal sphere, for example, in german, these are much stronger curses associated with the other side, so to say, bodily misa, that russian word poop in german is an even stupider example. a more rude curse than those associated with the sexual sphere, there are taboos associated with various kinds of fears, signs, superstitions, even in modern language there are such substitutions when we do not utter words associated with alarming...