and it is ideal, before a person becomes pregnant , to go to an antenatal clinic, talk about reproductive plans and undergo the so-called pre-gravid preparation, that is , preparation for pregnancy, so that all the deficiencies are replenished, so that she does not have any hypothyroidism or any... their problems , then, let’s say, the quality of the body, yes, will be much higher, that is, the mother will be able to give the child everything he needs, this is directly fundamentally important, that is, the child will have fewer health problems, that is, extreme, at least as far as iodine deficiency is concerned, of course, yes, because again, sometimes we notice that one child quickly grasps everything, the other

slowly grasps everything, often this is due precisely to the fact that during pregnancy this child i didn’t get enough of what was needed, which is precisely due to iodine, but mother - the synthesis of thyroid hormones during pregnancy practically doubles to provide for both your body and the fetus’s body, but if this does not happen against the background of iodine deficiency, then the child will have it all his life then they suffer, but unfortunately this is so , so it is extremely important, uh-huh, well, as far as i know... in soviet russia there was a whole program for the judification of salt, in general it made it possible to cope with iodine deficiency. salt iodization has helped solve the problem in more than 100 countries, since he has such a map from the world health organization, where countries with iodized salt are indicated, that is, salt iodization is carried out at the state level, that is , you cannot sell dieted salt, you can, but only.. .in pharmacies, here again, with

what they started with, or it may be on the shelves , but everything should be very clear - for the buyer, if a person cannot have iodized salt, non-iodized salt should be available, but for everyone else, salt should be iodized, this greatly prevents iodine deficiency from diseases that develop against the background of iodine deficiency, and absolutely - you failed when she said that in soviet russia this problem was solved. in the seventies, soviet doctors stated that they had overcome iodine deficiency, precisely because they supplied to all regions, and nuclear salt, we have regions with a more pronounced problem of iodine deficiency, the north caucasus, siberia, including the krasnoyarsk territory, which especially stands out, and the sverdlovsk region, they say 30% of people with iodine deficiency there, it seems to me even more, because there is still such an additional problem.

with a large amount of sec in the water , iodine deficiency is more pronounced and there is another problem associated with the same in siberia, this is silene deficiency, we know that iodine is absorbed and metabolized much better processes. it goes better when there is enough selenium, again in siberia with selenium everything is also not very good, in chukotka everything is fine, because there is a lot of fish there, there is a lot of selenium in fish, including iodine, here in the krasnoyarsk region, again or in tuva there is little selenium, and little iodine, and a lot of iodine, so this problem is more pronounced there, and there is the prevention of iodine deficiency, we are not in soviet russia now, but we don’t have such programs there. now, but we have very

accessible medical care, and if you contact an endocrinologist and even therapist, then it is very simple to understand whether the synthesis of thyroid hormones is sufficient and whether there is iodine deficiency in this aspect; then simply by consuming poisoned salt, we can save ourselves and our loved ones from this problem. by the way, eating affordable seafood really, really helps to cope. with this problem, well , for example, a person’s daily need for iodine is 120-150 microg, and i’m not talking about ustoritsa, but not everyone eats ustoritsa, especially not every day, but sea kale, well, is a more than affordable product , here in this one sea ​​kale contains almost 1 gram of iodine per kilogram, we need only 150 micrograms, that is, many, many times less, no need to eat. cabbage, if every other day you even eat

salads from seaweed or some kind of seafood, then this is more than enough to provide yourself with iodine. i remember. what did you tell me, you had a patient who remembered these numbers 150, only she decided not a microgram, but a gram, and when she ate 150 g of marshmallow cabbage every day, and this all led to sad consequences, she had to be urgently in general, to get out of this state of hyper, how can i say, hyperfunction, yes, against this background hyperfunction has developed, this sometimes happens, these are etrogenic, that is, when the doctor prescribes very...

and this happens for banal reasons, when iodine deficiency, ae the thyroid gland, which extracts it from the blood, it enters the blood with food, and it tries to extract everything that is literally all the tiny little things that enter the body and in order to cope with this more effectively, it increases in volume, that is, she it overexerts itself, it overexerts itself, grows in volume, this goiter is such a large thyroid gland that has developed. against the background of hypothyroidism, against the background of hypo, and insufficient amount of iodine in the body, then hypothyroidism develops, that is , its function synthesizing this organ decreases and we see this clinically and sometimes when the thyroid gland has reached such

a size that it had to be carried with you or carry it with you in some kind of pouch, this has happened before, yes these cases are described. that is, such a huge organ that could no longer be held in your hands, yes, unfortunately, this is true, now it is almost impossible to find such a thing, but it was described in textbooks, by the way, this was a good experiment before the war, before the great patriotic war, in kabordino balkaria, in my opinion, conducted an experiment for 7 years, literally saturated all the products available to people with iodine, everything that was possible, iodized salt, many products containing iodine, and quantity. goiters decreased among the female population almost not five times, among men there were four times 3 times, then the war came, the program was, of course, no one could pay attention to it anymore, there were priority tasks, to survive to win, but after the war

they noted that approximately 4% the number of goiters increased, again the post-war period returned everything to normal, the salt was returned. goiters and iodine deficiency, well, as a matter of fact, everything is solved simply, the problem is global, but it can be solved simply. in the 17th century , voronezh was the capital of the russian state for 500 days, why? yes because peter i built his fleet here. by the way, yes, what is the difference from a regular medicine? the aircraft was just iron, after the test pilot lifted it into the sky, it already became an airplane. after so many years of communicating with beavers, have you learned at least a little of their language? disgruntled beaver, how does it sound?

we cook feta cheese, we make ricotta, mozzarella, he gets excited about this, when we didn’t have a drill in our cars, we beat butter, i’m always shocked in our country. because our people invent everything they want, their own lives, premiere, tomorrow on the first. declaration of love, festive concert in the kremlin, premiere, march 8, on the first. and with you again is the podcast deception of substances, with you the endocrinologist zukhra pavlova and the editor-in-chief. you can watch all episodes of the podcast deception of substances on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru. do i understand correctly that if a child was born healthy, that’s it , the mother tried, she took judicated salt, the mother is from the ussr, yes, the mother is from the ussr, that means

the child was born normal, but then in the process of life something happened, he stopped taking iodine in normal quantities, does this mean that it is mental. abilities can somehow fall , deteriorate, yes, they can, but it’s the same as what is called less iszol, because if there is no... opportunity to develop, yes, then that’s it, the starting point, such a starting point is bad, it’s unchangeable, that’s it if a person develops hypothyroidism due to a lack of iodine, then of course such a person will complain about decreased memory, increased fatigue and the inability to quickly find a solution, and such a kind of slippage, figuratively speaking, thinking, otherwise by restoring the balance of iodine and the synthesis of hormones, everything will return.

ticks, as in heart disease, yes, with cardiac, cardiovascular pathologies, but the whole body is soft, loose, plump, gray, such a pale skin color, the skin is inelastic, it does not look healthy, hair loss, the hair is also so dull, the skin it becomes very unsaturated, it seems to be swollen, but it seems to be dehydrated at the same moment, all sorts of spots appear on it, it is dry, the elbows are dry, and they have a white tint, well, that is, you can understand by the appearance, a person is definitely unhealthy,

this is what a person with advanced hypothyroidism looks like, yeah, and what should he do, he needs to go to the doctor, of course, all the information is on the internet, but make a diagnosis for yourself, but you can be very wrong, with hypothyroidism everything... there are no such classical, unambiguous manifestations, sometimes other diseases have the same masks, so no...

and if it happens, if this all happens for a very long time, then this attack will go away, but these remain, figuratively speaking, like adhesions, yes , the heart muscle against this background can also suffer, but if you don’t get treatment for a long time, you can develop a complication that you won’t be able to overcome, the condition will still improve significantly, but we may not be able to overcome something, i saw on the internet a folk way of how to understand what is in your body there is not enough iodine, you need to know, you need iodine for...

exactly everyone, here yes, the speed, the speed is figurative, so it will disappear, it is absolutely influenced by external factors, so this experiment, it is not very objective, but if it helps someone go to the doctor because he thinks he has a problem, this is a good experiment, it can be used, okay, doctor, what can you say about such a miracle drug as blue iodine? well, here's the blue... yot, again , there is no evidence base, that's why

we always appeal to evidence, because even every doctor has his own experience, one doctor believes in one thing, another doctor believes in another, and a third believes in a third , and if we were all guided only by our own experience, i’m afraid that we would conduct experiments on living people, so blue iodine, if you read comments, this is practically a new elixir. say starch quenched with iodine, yes this is it, iodine quenched with starch, or how correct is it that we all know such a potion from childhood, yes. which are recommended to be used for completely different pathologies and diseases, and i definitely don’t recommend self-medicating, including with blue iodine, that’s what doctors exist for. why don’t you sit down to fly an airplane, although there are a lot of videos on the internet, everything is available, because you understand that you can absolutely die here using some

untested treatment methods, you can die even faster, but for some reason this doesn’t scare many people... go to the doctor, always go to the doctor, thank god, we have very accessible medicine, contact us, it’s not all that difficult now, yes, it’s possible there are queues at clinics, but the queue is a place where you can spend your time usefully reading something useful; when you go to see a doctor, they will definitely protect you from some, well, dangerous methods of treatment. zukhra, now let's talk about delicious things, let's talk about nuts, oh, what a delight, it turns out, if... there are nuts, you can create an iodine deficiency for yourself, and not only that, there is phytic acid in the shell of nuts, it will not allow the absorption of not only iodine, but also another important element, and what is fetic acid in general, why is it in nuts, nuts need it as a repellent substance, but for those creatures

, animals that can eat these very nuts, that is, despite the fact that it seems to us that nuts grow in order to be eaten, nuts have a different task, apparently , in order to to fall, then grow into something new tree and so on, so fetic acid is what should protect the nuts from being eaten by all sorts of animals, but this is how the nuts get to people, and there is a method when they suggest soaking the nuts, soaking and freeing them from this peel, we we lose this fetic acid, in fact , we help the absorption of various microelements, so nuts without fetic acid, without the peel are more useful, but in our country it happens, it doesn’t happen, we probably have a habit of eating nuts in cups, and in order to get a sufficient amount of iodine , there is no need to eat nuts in bowls or cups, we forget that they contain a lot of vegetable oil, vegetable oil is a very

high-calorie substance, we were just talking to the patient yesterday that... that it is healthier to add a spoonful of vegetable oil to the salad, for example , a tablespoon or a spoonful of sour cream? i say, depending on what we are talking about, if in terms of calories, then sour cream is healthier, because there are many fewer calories, just about 10 times less calories, but sometimes we want to get something else from vegetable oil, so that’s all depends on what goals we set, so in order to get a sufficient amount of iodine, it is not necessary to eat a kilogram of nuts and not... they get a second chance, well, in fact , it’s literally enough to leave them

overnight in the morning, drain this water, cleanse this and the skins peel off from them quite easily and they are already very accessible. it turns out that these nuts can all be eaten, what else can you eat, banal products, for example, lemon, buckwheat, millet contain a sufficient amount of iodine, these are of course not old-fashioned and not seaweed, but if you consume these foods regularly, then iodine deficiency can be avoided; if our child has an actively growing body, then he definitely needs iodine, well, enough. a lot, for sure, well, a little less, probably, than a pregnant woman, this does not mean that an elderly person and a middle-aged person do not need iodine, but in children , pregnant women’s need increases, for obvious reasons, both here and there growth occurs, that is, women have an increased need even if they are not expecting a child, no, no, in

pregnant women, in pregnant women, yes, precisely in pregnant women, and here and there i say, the growth of the fetus occurs, here the child is young. a growing organism, a young one, that’s why the need for iodine is great, but if you use iodized salt every day, then this need is covered, but with the salt you eat, you probably need to give a comment in terms of cooking, yes, yes, yes, this is an important story, yes , because iodine in our salt is a fairly stable substance, which means that it can evaporate when we... prepare food, that is, when, that is, in contact with hot, not just with hot, because there is also hot food on the plate, but the temperature is not 100°, when we cook it it is 100°, well, depending on how we cook it.

that when you don’t add salt while cooking, and then add salt when you first eat, then you actually consume several times less salt, but it seems much saltier to you, because, relatively speaking, you put this salt on your tongue, and not in a plate, not in a pan, and so on, where it spreads over a very large volume, honestly, this is the case when you just have to believe the word.

we continue the podcast deception of substances, me name is olesya nosova and zukhra pavlova is with me, now let’s talk about soybeans, soybeans are cruciferous, you and i really love cruciferous vegetables, broccoli.

something containing iodine, the sea, food or iodized salt, then the problem goes away, as they say, into the background, because we compensate for the loss of this same iodine with cruciferous vegetables and that’s it, the problem is solved very simply, now with regard to so, we also need to take this point into account , the fact that there is a lot of soy in protein shakes, and protein shakes are very good thing, good, let's say, good protein shakes, this is a good thing that allows...

because respected manufacturers immediately, they immediately add it, so that again there is no overdose of a certain one, then if iodine is included in the composition, then not add nuclear salt, if it is not included, add nuclear salt or eat i don’t know persimmons , now is persimmon season, it has a lot of iodine, eat for your health, it will also be a good prevention of iodine deficiency, bad habits, smoking alcohol, smoking alcohol - that’s it bad habits towards anyone. processes, no organ needs nicotine or alcohol, so there is no need to delve too deeply into this story, i don’t know

of a situation where alcohol or nicotine could somehow improve human health, some other drugs, for example, oral contraceptives, are also a common thing , we also need to think about what is called, well, pro-oral contraceptives, but in general we can devote a whole separate program to think about it, not in the sense that we should not take them, thank you, if they are prescribed doctor, in the sense that they can reduce iodine in the body, yes, there is a complex mechanism, but again, if we use poisoned salt, we do not abuse its quantity, you and i had a whole program dedicated to salt, we remember that per day this is no more than 5 g, taking into account the products in which. salt has been added, let’s say, bread, so really don’t add salt to the food you are preparing, only add salt to the finished food, and you will prevent iodine deficiency, even if you

use some substances. or foods or medications that reduce absorption iodine or contribute to its faster removal from the body. i would also say that mm, when we have some problems with iodine deficiency, our entire country is in iodine deficiency, we, unfortunately, have one of the few countries, there are only about a dozen of them left there, in which there is no mandatory salt poisoning, therefore, when a person... is forced to take responsibility for his own health, this is generally correct in principle, because no one owes us anything, we have many opportunities to take care of our health, then when buying salt, look, so that it says iodized, but the use of iodized salt will deprive you of many problems associated with the pathology of the thyroid gland, and with iodine deficiency, by the way, yes, there are studies that

if a person does not... the situation with the mandatory iodization of salt, here, for example, in our friendly republic of uzbekistan this was decided long ago, salt poisoning is mandatory there, so far no one has been able to change this problem, every time at the state duma level this bill is folded, but it exists, it exists, it is ready, in general, the only thing left is, well, let ’s hope that someone will succeed, the salt will be poisoned, because, well, okay,

adults can do it. make a decision, but the children can’t, they will use the salt that their parents bought, and it will become more expensive, well , it’s as if the family budget will suffer from this by some completely insignificant amounts, by pennies, of course, by pennies yes, but health, well, it’s generally difficult to evaluate with money, especially since i really like this story, that in fact a deficit is a consequence of a deficit you can turn it back at some point, but really not that much.

the center of cancer is precisely the thyroid gland , so people don’t die from it, because it lasts for a very long time, and this is a problem of overdiagnosis, they find it in the very, very rudimentary state, in general people live a wonderful life, and at the same time with such a complex diagnosis, and it does not metastasize for a long time, so this is really such a very grateful, grateful organ, kind. and giving many times a person the opportunity to win, but who asks a little, a little salt, salt, the right salt , give a little iodine, yes, it's true, let's talk about fruits that contain iodine, so you say that persimmons, persimmons have a lot of iodine , persimmons have a lot of iodine, such, well, let's say so, no, a fruit like fiyahua, which has always been in our food culture, contains this in general.

eggs, lemon, in general citrus fruits contain iodine, well, lemon in this regard is a larger, more leading, so to speak, fruit, so iodine deficiency, if you eat right, it is quite difficult to get iodine deficiency, the only thing is when a person goes to take the test tests, now our listeners may think, what if i have iodine deficiency? they’ll go

get tested. if you ate seafood the day before, then everything will be fine with iodine, but if you mostly eat potatoes and pasta, then... well, zukhra, we always talk about the fact that you don’t need to go get tested , you need to go to the doctor, and the doctor will tell you what tests you need to take, well, just in case, because i very rarely come across people doing everything as you say, so anticipating this possibility, i want to say that you can get tested completely pointlessly, wasting time and money, so olesya is absolutely right. go to the doctor, he will immediately tell you what you need to do and what not to do, it will be both effective and reasonable. and i hope that we will save everyone from iodine deficiency. yes, we would really like the people who make decisions to hear us and

finally pass a law on mandatory salt poisoning. yes, perhaps there are some counteracting situations, well, let’s say poisoning salt greatly changes the guest's attitude. parents of food products , well, this is a very useful thing, and most importantly , judied salt is intelligence, this is our health, this is our future, yes, yes, thank you, i was with you on the podcast deception of substances and i am the editor-in-chief of komsomolskaya pravda olesya nosova and the famous endocrinologist zuhra pavlova. you can watch all episodes of the podcastlab project on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru. hello, i'm dmitry bak, we have another

podcast episode with a romantic title, let them not talk, let them read, this is a podcast, of course, about literature, about books, well, by the way, about papyri, about electronic readers, about anything, the main thing is that you read. we are talking today with a wonderful interlocutor, this is the general director of the russian national museum of music, mikhail arkadyevich presgalov, hello mikhail arkavich, hello petrovich, i’m very glad to see you, glad to have the opportunity to talk, now, give us our line of synthesis of arts, well, after all, you had student's understanding music school, then college, there was an understanding that music is one of the arts, next to literature, painting, that... at school literature, literature, in general, was one of my favorite subjects, both my parents are philologists, so i didn’t know this, yes , yes, so in general there was always a cult

of books in the house, always from childhood i didn’t even understand why, but first of all, before going out on the street, i had to read this or that work, something i liked it, well, just one thing there, well.

in general it seemed to me that, well, for example, when i taught there for a little while, i taught at a music school there, i explained to my students how to take breath. well, you know, the sky was already breathing in the fall, it became shorter, comma , in short, don’t be afraid, breathe in, move on , so in these examples, did you pronounce the word embushur, i said it, in these examples i also, i also tried for the guys explain that a phrase exists, that’s how literature is a clear example. the rhythmic breathing of poetry

does not teach literature from childhood, well, it’s difficult imagine that a person in kindergarten is already thinking about how to be a poet or a novelist, music, sports, you need to learn from a very young age, but you can’t suddenly start at the age of 17 and say, am i not a pianist, am i a violinist? i? well, that doesn’t happen, i’d really like to know how it happened for you, when it clicked, at what point in kindergarten, at school, my mother said, or went to a concert, as they said, once to a concert, to a concert i went, that’s right, well, first my mother said, then i went to the concert, everything was like everyone else, at first i played the violin, a beautiful, good instrument, but in general i didn’t really like it, although at the same time i also played hockey. both the violin and the case were an excellent gateway when i went to

music school, but it was dangerous before the violin, not dangerous, well, in general it was normal, then i realized that it was a good instrument, by the way, the violin is a very good musical instrument in the sense that it develops hearing well , you know, nowadays these same boys, such hooligans at school, who were such school authorities, oddly enough, it turned out that all these boys played in a brass band, all this in saratov, but who played the brass? the orchestra, as they say now , was cool, due to the fact that, in general, i was a violinist and they gave me a musical instrument there, well, it was not so difficult to master, that is, i understand, of course, the game is difficult to learn well play, but in general , after the violin it was so okay, this is important, yes, that is, the violin is so difficult that yes, after the violin it seemed to me, well, it seems to me that it was easier for me than it might be for others, and i started playing in the school orchestra , i liked it, in general it was beautiful, wait... and the rock ensemble, i had a rock ensemble, we are about the same age

, then there was a vocal instrumental ensemble, yes, well, of course, they played , of course, they played guitars, it was not so prestigious, or something like brass players, you know, brass players, a brass band, a brass orchestra played on school bands, on some kind of such official celebrations, it was, it was, you know, let's, our dear interlocutors, remember this moment, mikhala arkaevich compared informal concerts of a vocal-instrumental ensemble, i was a drummer. a wonderful instrument, when he took

it in his hands, he said, today i will talk to her in the evening, with her with a violin, as is clear, yes, so i remembered that i once talked to my musical light with a trumpet, i would remember , please tell me, and forgive my ignorance, the violin naturally changes simply according to age, fingers and so on, well, there are eighth notes, quarter notes, quarter notes, yes, the piano does not change, of course, yes, although the fingers are also small, so... the wind instruments don’t change either, they don’t change, yes, i also have a daughter in a music school, i watch her, so fascinated, psalfeju, this is a great secret, so i wanted you ask, on the one hand, these are people who are so immersed in the great art, sophisticated, well, as if out of this world, on the other hand, many of them are pragmatists, that is, they know how to work like an athlete in training, then many musical specialties are professions in the future, of course. well, hardly a piano, after all, there are not many pianists

, there are not many concerts, but there are many pianists, well, teachers, of course, of course, but violins are just an amateur’s opinion, there are many of them, this is a profession, this is a piece of bread, and the trumpet is also in some way i mean , only you were like that, you were a pragmatist, aimed at some kind of result, you were a romantic who talks to a tool, or the third option, you were such a godfather... experienced some, well, great pleasure from... from simply playing a musical instrument, although it is necessary understand that the repertoire is quite limited, there is such an evil joke that the brass player’s head is an upper resonator, yes, yes, well, yes, but i’ll tell you, but i’ll tell you that it’s cool brass players, well, in an orchestra, not in a school one, but in general or not, well, in general, a brass player is a leader, especially a trumpet player

, it seems so to me too, i’ll just tell you, i worked in an orchestra for 16 years, when you sit at the end of the orchestra and all the groups of instruments are in front of you, and then yes ...

make it my specialty, and that’s how it worked out for me, i translated at the age of 12, what are you talking about? they started saying that it wasn’t at 7 years old, at 12, and then it was necessary to master a musical instrument in 3 years and enter a music school, i only had 3 years, well, in general, how did you manage to do it, i entered a music school, then i went to the conservatory, and then i began to do this professionally, but in general i went from romanticism to pragmatism than most of my classmates. after all , the musician understands that yes, yes, as in sports , as - as in such things, well, this hardly happens in biology, i don’t know, no, no, it didn’t happen, i it seems not, because it’s something separate, it’s not even a music class , it’s just a way of life, it’s all subordinated to the fact that several hours a day you have to

study, practice, you have to practice, yes, here it’s just practice, here the biologist doesn’t read, for several hours, hours, years, until you work. all these synchronizations, before you’ve just started playing the instrument, until you ’ve heard kilometers of music, you have to recognize it, yes, you have to hear it inside, yeah, a good musician who always has there is a standard sound inside, and how to listen to it from the inside of the orchestra, remember there was a film by vasiliane singing drust, where a man ran around the city and only came running to his part of the cymbals, once or twice he ran again, well, there are many different themes on these.

i just replayed a lot of music , so when something is playing on the radio now , well, you can press it, i’ll immediately say, yeah, such and such a symphony, such an honor, such an honor, wonderful, but that’s still ahead of us, archangel, meet , this is the first port of russia, peter i, when he saw our city, fell in love with he was ordered to build the first ship here , the svidovaya carousel, do you want to try it, it’s warm, without a roe and a holiday is not a holiday, a goat is a symbol of fertility in the north for a well-fed, rich life, i’ll take two of these, arkhangelsk loves fish, and i’ll cook for them, what i love, i love meat, just souls, vasya, i ’ll answer you...