you won’t be able to treat this money as your own, because it’s not on your credit card, but nevertheless, this is the very way to the top, how to stop treating money as your own? well, in general, it seems to me that it’s very difficult to really navigate this, because advertising, banks’ offers, everything is presented as if, well, look, there are no problems, so you take out a credit card, here’s the second and third, you don’t need to choose, it’s already been a year since with this credit card, we spend less than zero every month, we pay it off, that’s how to stop using this money.

well, there’s something about money flying past from your salary to the bank and so on, well, i can say, i had such a period in the early 2000s, there was a very serious crisis there, when i also lived with a very large credit card, there there were very serious amounts, and i got out of the situation psychologically , i stopped treating it, i told myself for 2 months, i won’t touch it at all, i didn’t hand it over, well, you never know, but there really may be a situation, but i 2 for a month now, refusing to spend any extra money at all, i just didn’t touch it in 2 months. easy money podcast with you , we figure out how to pay off loans , so we took the first two steps, we realized that we are in a hole, we wrote out all the numbers carefully, we realized how much money we actually spend and what kind of money we have the real interest rate on the loan, it seemed to us that it was there somewhere... well, there’s something

small, here it’s oops and almost 40, we learned how to treat money on credit cards, this is very important, as if it’s not ours money, to bank money, at some point, i repeat again, very useful exercise, 2 months, one is not enough, 2 months so that you know how to get rid of hiccups, yes, you need to hold out for two periods when you have hiccups, then holding your breath, your diaphragm, well, can understand that it doesn’t have to do this do. so do you, two periods without spending money, yes, that is, you are used to it, every month you pay, when you have a break, you don’t need to make this payment, you realize that this money is already yours, and this the bank's money, this division will happen when you secure it with the second month, then god grant that you manage to stop using it at all, at least for the period while we get out. the third step, the third step, is probably another option that can be done if the situation is really already difficult. try

to negotiate with the bank about some kind of restructuring, this is when - suppose you have a loan for 3 years and a payment of 20,000 rubles per month, which is completely unbearable for you now, but you can agree with the bank that you will pay this loan for 4 years and thus a little reduce the payment, this does not sound very smart from the point of view that the total amount of interest during this time will increase, you will end up paying more to the bank, but it happens that this is the situation today: well, you just need to reduce this credit burden, that too an option that can be discussed, the banks are interested in having the money returned to them, let's extrapolate the situation to the point where everything, well, you say, well, there is no money, but where will i get it, no, you have calculated everything, yes, but i don’t know, there are different situations, here indeed, sometimes there is no money for two months , collectors start calling you, first the bank collectors call, then banks usually sell these agreements to microfinance organizations, so... you probably

know the percentage for which banks sell their loan portfolios, for what the best portfolios for which payments were made, banks sell for 10%, yeah, of the amount, this is the best, usually it’s 3.5 there, well , it varies, they package them in certain psychological characteristics of those who are on that end of the phone, yes, that is there a person makes contact, there are people who simply don’t communicate there, they behave inappropriately, but now the legislation , thanks to our government and the president, in the last 10 years a law has been adopted on the rights of those who pay debts, on creditors, it is quite loyal, well let ’s just say, it doesn’t allow lawlessness, let’s call a spade a spade that was before, then in principle it’s really, it’s inconvenient, it’s negative, it’s calls, it’s some kind of moral obligation, they can’t come there, i don’t know how they did it before, pour the door i set it on fire with gasoline. there or something else

, but god forbid, people there will go to prison for a long time, so, it’s clear that the bank may not agree to this, but try to really come up with such a thesis that guys, well , here’s the situation this and no one else, yes, they won’t appear, i have nothing to sell, and you will sell my debt for 10%, let’s wait a little, or there, if you say, let me buy it from you myself for 20, bank will not agree, otherwise everyone would do it, yes, but then the next step, this is the next life hack, you can completely agree on this with microfinance organizations, because the microfinance organization bought this debt at the best price for 10%. usually for five, for six, and you say, guys , i’ll give you 10% or 15 of everything, and you lag behind me, you get two ends, it’s clear that your economy is also built on the fact that many people don’t give, but the main thing here is to get people to do it, this is again a life hack, i just studied the legislation quite closely,

the life hack is to get people to write papers with seal that yes, they consider the debt to be completely repaid for this amount, 15%, but we are now considering these extremes. anyway, they all stem from the fact that a person looked at the loans, decided to work constructively with it, is ready to discuss some options, then now, well, this is what they call an agreement, yes, i ’m just giving this to our listeners and viewers information with which you can come to the same collectors from microfinance organizations and invite them to say: guys, no question, yes, i’m asking you 15% of the amount, but exchange for paper, and usually the calls stop there. or their intensity drops, that is, you say, i already told you everything, think it over, call, yes, that is, there is already a conversation here, you are not in the position of a victim, yes, because as a rule, this is all very demoralizing when they call you, instead of accumulating the strength to take these steps, to climb out of

the hole along the steps, you are forced to emotionally spend time talking with your creditors, even a couple not with them, with those whom they will hire, and this doesn't add confidence. further, this is where on this path stands this very budgeting, which i think is probably the best treatment plan, but if you recognize credit as a disease, how to put your finances in order, improve them in such a way that you no longer have to take out loans, this is where it stands, when you need to come to the budget to write down not just loans, but how much i spend, how much i receive, well , probably, if, probably, if three percent in 30 percent you fit in, here getting back to this.

“first i get rid of the most expensive loan, for example, it’s profitable from a financial point of view, it’s right, yes, first, all my strength, all possible free money, i just don’t know, look around the room, what can i sell, maybe something unnecessary, to close the early part, maybe remember some tax deductions not received, well, i don’t know, something else, any free money, any opportunities, repay the most expensive loan, thesis, don’t spend little, you need earn more here it works, it always works , but you also need to be able to manage your money, well, that is, let’s write down the third step like this, now that we have sorted everything out, we wrote down about our loans , about our obligations, let’s now write, how boring and boring it is sounds, let

’s now write down all our expenses, all our income step by step, let’s find out where we can limit ourselves, where we spend a lot, i assure you, this is not the first time we ’ve been talking with our guests, managing personal finances, about writing down all your expenses, you will simply be amazed how much money you spend for nothing, when you look at all these records, why shouldn’t it be a program that counts with you, yes, it’s all there somewhere on the tablet, on the phone, it that’s not it, i need to take a notebook and write it down directly with a pen, i think that now many people are looking at me, thinking, well , there’s a man sitting there, reasoning, he feels good, so how can i get out, and i’ll tell you, now suddenly a wizard will fly in in the blue helicopter they will repay all your loans for free, not will repay, the only one who can do this is you, unfortunately, this meticulous

work that we are now trying to describe is the only way to deal with these loans, starting from awareness, but i repeat from the fact that we we really are in a debt hole. then writing down what exactly makes up this hole, then understanding what we can refuse to do in the first place , start keeping a budget in order to and then take, probably the fourth step, this is to start on... still earn more, yes, through this pain, but you need to come to the conclusion that you are leading a lifestyle directly, if you want to continue to lead it, then you need to earn more, i would like to add a comment about accounting for expenses, maybe even a little positive, treat it, don’t like where should i save what, where should i limit myself and my family in what way? you can approach this with the question of finding free money. in any budget there is free money, well, the simplest thing that happens is, right now go

to your mobile phone, look, maybe maybe you can refuse some subscriptions, don’t buy books for your children, but borrow them from the library, i don’t know, run in the park for free, don’t pay for a fitness club, while you have hundreds of rubles, but all together a month can add up to one and a half -200, and i don’t know if it’s payment for phones for the whole family, or maybe some small payment on your credit card ahead of schedule. from the fact that you need to throw out the trash from your old house, call your friends, and as the song says, so it’s the same here, without this, be attentive to them, that is, you need to start there is no way to do without hygiene, first of all in the head, which implies the hygiene of the workplace, space, completely putting things in order, and especially in numbers. yes, let’s recommend that people here look at what’s going on with your wallet, how are your accounts, where is the money, lay out

the same cards carefully, this doesn’t seem to concern financial literacy, but as you described, it puts things in order in your head and it seems that this is how we organize the world around us. all episodes of the easy money podcasts, you can find and watch on the first website channel 1tv.ru. now for... those who lead what is called a healthy lifestyle, and hold on and don’t fall into a hole, here are loans, let’s say, this is part of life, in which cases it should be taken, because i know examples, here we had a minister of finance sitting here who said that when a current expenditure falls under the grace period without any interest obligations on the part. him as a borrower towards the bank and there are no free funds, but

an income is expected, then it is quite possible to spend this money from a credit card, even to the minister of finance, not to mention i already know that i know a huge number of entrepreneurs who have their own business, and if it brings in, say , 15-20%, or even more profit, well , it’s a highly profitable, let’s say business, high-margin, then let’s say a mortgage or cars for the current one. they quite calmly take out a loan if it’s worth it, especially car loans, we had programs from automakers at 5% and at 7%, there are some other examples, in fact, a loan is just a financial instrument, of course, good or bad, we do it him we ourselves, then how we him we use it, well, i really liked your phrase, at the very beginning you said that this is already a sign that something is wrong with your finances, or not, well, let’s break it down into steps, that’s what i would initially suggest. think that a loan is still a fairly serious thing that needs to be treated thoughtfully, it’s really the bank’s money,

it’s not emotions, it’s not just now i’m in a bad mood, i’ll go spend it with my credit card, that’s not right, that’s why loans are evil , probably, well, something that might just stop many from an extra thoughtless loan is too formal, a loan is a disease, so let me suggest this, if you take out a loan, it means you are financially sick, that means you have. your financial health is fine, yes , but at the same time there is, for example, a mortgage, yeah, after all, most people cannot save up for an apartment, but it would be pointless even, they cannot afford such a purchase, for many this is the biggest thing financial decision in life and it won’t be possible to save up for an apartment by the age of 60, which has risen in price, so a mortgage is a good loan , as a rule, simply because it is a large amount and people will think 100 times about how to take it, plus there is now a lot of information about it, and somehow, well, such a well-known tool is already enough, if the mortgage is thought out, if

it was taken consciously , your capabilities were calculated, then this is a good loan, you live in an apartment, pay the bank, the payment over time, well, even depreciates, to use your own terms from your book, this is a smart loan, yes, we have a plate with gradations from smart loan to stupid one, where here the mortgage itself is in first place on the left as a smart loan. i would then explain that what i mean is smart and stupid, a smart loan is money that was really, first of all, it was really needed, this purchase was really necessary and it led to some.

yes, there is a consumer one, and there will be the same criterion, a conventional laptop can be a means of production, for example, for a person who works remotely, does some projects, maybe it’s a graphic designer or a camera for a photographer, or

it’s a trivial thing, your washing machine is broken, it’s broken here now, you don’t have 2000 free there . this is an example when you really get exactly the means of production and solving problems, not very long ago, a few years ago, when i needed laptop is really bad, the old one just broke. and it’s very expensive, we won’t name brands there, advertise anyone on air, and i have no doubts, i just bought it with a credit card, realizing that there was still a discount, that is, i didn’t really make money, you know how everyone says, you can make money on credit cards , no, you can’t, you can’t help but spend the extra money, because it should have gone up in price , if it had gone up right now, i started using it in

my work, and didn’t wait until i had this money , and i didn’t overpay anything, because i was in a gray period, yes, that is. once again i would like to record what you said, that it is impossible to make money on credit cards, you can only try to get those marketing programs that banks include in promoting these loans, yes, that is, they are not they advertise to everyone, they say , here we pay cashback, there’s something else, something else , by the way, i know very serious financiers, right from the word of very serious ones, who work in western funds, who enthusiastically tell me, mish , listen, these are the programs that such and such have.

does not give such rates, by the way, here is also advice for everyone who watches this program, open right now deposits as long as the bank will allow you to open, and you will see that for a year you will no longer have a rate of 15, it will be at 13, and then lower, yes, but now these figures are very high, but they must be compared with payments on a credit card, yes, well, let’s talk about the scheme again, but such a primitive financial exercise, you take

your salary, deposit it in the bank at interest. and at the same time, the current ones themselves spend the loan, what is the danger , such a danger is that this scheme, let’s call it that, it still requires a certain discipline, remember about payments, know that there is a deposit and there are rates on them, remember about all the deadlines about this at this time your resources, yes, someone here one of my subscribers, for example, says that i tried this and realized that no, this stress costs me more, i need to remember, i don’t want to remember that i have to, i choose, okay, i’m depriving. bonuses on a credit card, but then i spend my money, i’m sure that this is mine, i live on my money, and what other periods are there, maybe, well, i’ll give an example later, which is from... from recent history when it’s really profitable to use loans, well, you gave an example for sales, for example, when it really is

the opportunity to buy equipment, the same card for a fitness club, something else you see, well , right now - maybe some tickets in advance if you are going on vacation, it’s true that you need money now, please, just for everything it was with your eyes open, that’s what i call it, do you honestly know what you’re getting into?

that a transfer from card to credit card to a friend , well, you transferred it to your mother, you forgot to look there, that’s all, but you made the transfer and it cut off the entire period and you pay all the interest for the previous time, if... perhaps, at least trying, trying to find something positive in loans, but there are loans , maybe with some small rates that can be put in the back drawer, here he is, you know, like my good one, he brought me things there , i’m slowly paying it off, there’s a very low rate, or, if there is such an opportunity, it ’s still worth getting rid of all loans, but at some point please yourself with the fact that you’re completely without... from loans you have no hole cards, well, i don’t mean there cards, after all, a one-time story there , specifically bank loans, in this, in this, well, from my experience, i see that people

can guide themselves here, just by your personal approach, because if you look from a financial point of view , a small payment that does not attract you is devalued over time by inflation, and at this time you keep the extra money in the bank on deposit, it seems there is no point in paying ahead of schedule, why, well , those 500 rubles go there. quite a way out, it seems to me, but not the same as i meet with this attitude that then i

i’ll declare myself bankrupt, i’ll give in to what this is all about, that’s because many, you know, heard the bell, but don’t know where it is, that is, i still have such a thing - i wanted to say, believe me, there is such a stereotype that i declared myself as a personal bankrupt, that’s it, now i forgive everyone to everyone, yes. but this is not so, but how? this is not so, firstly, this is a rather long-term procedure, it’s not just like you came to the bank, said everything, well, it can take up to six months, or maybe longer, it will depend on your circumstances, what exactly, that’s what what happens exactly, it’s just that if on such an everyday level, you say to the bank , for example, i can’t pay, well, to myself, yes, then you decide, for example, to make this decision public, how does that person act, even, say, or... some kind of property,

maybe you have three cars, maybe you have money in your accounts somewhere, but you didn’t tell us about it, maybe you have shares, something else, your creditors are even more careful will check all your assets, rather than doing this, they will carefully look at what you have with your property, what's going on with your finances , what's going on with your work, let's say, let's do this , i have nothing, i wrote, wrote your signs on your advice, folded them, even cut them with scissors, tried to glue them, nothing works, there are four of me there. bank credit cards, two, two microfinance organizations there, which are hanging on their ears already there, threatening me with the apocalypse, all my loved ones and potential employers, who are also not there, yes, there is no incoming flow, i live with my mother, they won’t take away my apartment, my cars i'm not there, there's nothing, sell there except for old things, there is nothing like this, if a person comes to personal bankruptcy, then what happens to

him, there is nothing. the manager who will deal with all this, he will manage this process, decide whether it is still possible to take something else from you or not, let’s say you were declared bankrupt, what happens, that is, i understand correctly that all debts are closed, well, forgiven , i guess you can say so, well, that is , not a single bank or microfinance organization can call you, they say, until dates, yes, i personally am bankrupt, what does this threaten, it somehow affects your rights, you are prohibited from traveling abroad, something else.

the legislation is really changing, we need to look at the opposite for someone, someone thinks, thank god, i won’t have loans, i won’t have a mortgage for anything, because if you owe money before the personal bankruptcy procedure, you probably had one. ..

how to get rid of it, how to get out of this state and how to properly financially improve your budget, how to actually try to live without loans at all. thank you thank you very much.

hello, scientist here. the popular podcast schrödinger's cat, and i am its host, the editor-in-chief of the magazine schrödinger's cat, grigory tarasevich, and we talk about how the most ordinary things can be viewed from a scientific point of view. the topic of today's meeting is a knife, an ordinary knife that we cut sandwiches or something else, we will discuss with physicist nikolai milovanov, ph.d., physics teacher, presenter of popular ones. physical channels and mikhail samonov, chef. mikhail, let's start with you. what means cut something for you? well, cutting means cutting something up, firstly , the product that comes to our kitchen needs to be processed with something, this is directly a tool for cooks, chefs, who process products to make their work easier, for this there is one a very interesting

tool for collapse. again, game there or something else, a knife is a tool that is needed and necessary in the kitchen. nikolay, i think your answer will be more complex, what does it mean to cut? all bodies, everything that surrounds us, consist of tiny particles, atoms , which are in constant motion, at small distances, they are attracted to each other, when we try to completely reduce these distances, push the particles close to each other, they repel, let’s imagine a cloud of smoke, but it scatters and that means there is no need to cut it, but that means the plants there are bodies surrounding us,

food products, our body consists of this matter that retains its shape, and that means cutting this matter means to divide, uh, means something whole into parts, but since the whole is whole due to the attraction of molecules to each other, it means to cut - this is to break the bonds between molecules, and a knife is just a tool that allows you to overcome the attraction of molecules, well, atoms and molecules, if we... if we take 10 such threads and pull them at the same time, then in order

to break it, you already need to apply 10 times more force, but this means that the ratio of force to area, while we have 10 threads, the transverse area is 10 times greater, than one. the ratio of force to area remains the same, we apply different forces, but pressure, the amount of force divided by the amount of area is pressure, and that means a knife is a kind of tool, well, from the point of view of physics, which ensures the creation the necessary pressure on... the cut surface in order to break the intermolecular bonds and divide the whole object into two halves, so i feel that now complex formulas will come into play, look,

dear listeners and viewers, in fact, when we cut a piece of cheese into ourselves in the morning sandwich, we are breaking molecular bonds in a very complex system, cheese is not a substance - it is a large group. substances located among themselves in complex structures, but i have a question for mikhail: when you cut molecules of atoms, do you think? we definitely don’t think about molecules, atoms, but we also think about physics, because it is very important what position the cook occupies, how he stands, what he cuts, because it is very important, on what area with what pressure force we press it, which part of the knife, we also take this into account, of course, this an integral part in the work process and... let's look at the diagram, such an idealized diagram for cutting sausage. nikolay, imagine that you are teaching a lesson,

as a teacher, you need to explain the physics of pressure through cutting sausage. well , look, then, in this simple diagram, there is a knife, this triangle. from above, the force with which we press the knife on the sausage, and two friction forces are forces that complicate the movement of the knife deeper into the sausage, two friction forces, they arise due to the contacts of the side surfaces of the knife with the mass here the substance being cut. and the greater the friction force, the more effort must be applied to the knife, how to reduce the interfering influence from this friction, here you can

recall such an experiment, here is a green cube resting on an inclined plane, with such an angle that this friction... the cube is motionless, but if we pull the blue thread to the side parallel to the inclined plane.

a sharp knife or a non-sharp knife? well, let ’s go from the extreme, we’ve already been told that the smaller the point of contact, the more difficult it is, probably. will cut harder products , for example, carrots are very difficult to cut, you have to chop them, well, you can say like chopping, that is, cutting is when the knife is pulled and cut under the pressure of the knife, under the pressure of a little force from the cooks, so as not to spoil the product , because, for example, here is an onion, for example , you need to... chop it, cut it exactly, do not press it, because if you press it will

release juice, naturally the product will spoil more, that is, we press on the carrot perpendicular to the carrot, and onion we yes we onion we just cut, and the sharpening angle is like this, like this, like this, it affects the cutting, depending on what we are cutting, yes, of course, but like this, let’s say, thin, this narrow, it’s very good to do thin cutting , if a more... thick knife is for boning, for cutting, that is, if i want to cut some kind of tough meat, i need a knife, it’s easier to chop with steam, for example, some pipes, chop off, that is, with a small knife, thin , narrow, it will be impossible to do this, so you have to take a dense, heavy, thick knife, ax or rather, there are special knives that cut, and if for small slicing - these are thin knives, with a small sharpening, with one-sided sharpening, there is a double-sided one, but you don’t have it with you, but i... have it, here i have it just like that, let’s show you, with a double-sided sharpening

, here is a knife, it is sharpened on this side, on this side it is sharpened, these are the knives, this is a chef’s knife that can be used for chopping, you can do slicing, and a chef’s knife a knife is the main knife in the kitchen, yes or whatever, well, and it can be said to be so universal, you can, in principle, make thin slices and cut up some steak just when serving, well, it suits me best, but it’s a one-sided mistake. what it looks like, and for sharpening on the other side, i’ll show you now, there are these knives, japanese ones, these are takohiki, by the way, they are for right-handed people, and some are left- handed, in japan they even do this, it works out here, if we see, here one sharpening comes from the right side, it goes at an angle, the second one is completely surface flat, that is, when we sharpen a knife, we sharpen it on one side, with we just lightly bring this side down, it’s a forged knife, it’s not stamped. is also very important , because there are stamped knives, these are the ones in which

the metal is cut out with a laser and stamped and simply sharpened on a machine, but this is handmade, here it is hand-forged by the japanese , and it is well suited for slicing some dense fish, or the octopus fits very well, the length of the knife is also very important, because if, for example, a large fish will be very difficult to make with a small knife, there is already a pressure technique, again we return to... yes to physics, that is, for example, with a small knife it will not be inconvenient , when with a large one, we can place it, press the handle, the tip, lean and cut, thereby we will speed up the process of cutting this or that product, that is, for example, in japan, tuna is cut with large knives that reach up to one and a half meters, because yes, there is fish there that weighs 200-300 kg, respectively, like this for the same knife, only it is 10 times the size there more or whatever time, thereby these... with a knife it’s more convenient to remove the sirloin, separate it

from the bone, again using the technique of pressing and pressure, again physics, that is , sooner or later we always come to science. this is the podcast schrödinger's cat, i am its host, science journalist grigory tarasevich. today we are talking about knives, we have guests who are well versed in this matter, really. spoiled food, warm food, it ’s cut differently, yes, of course, in any case, everything is cut differently, if, for example, it’s some kind of steak with sashimi, it it is cut very simply, easily, and if a sharp knife is used at a certain angle and with a certain amount of pressure, if, for example, we are talking about

a frozen product, for example, like beef carpaccio or salmon, which is cut there sweetly. again, this is a rapidly rotating disk, this is also a knife with high speed , and it has a pressure force, that is, the speed rotates quickly, the pressure that creates the reinforcement of the cook or whoever cuts, slices into thin slices, that is, this also requires more energy and pressure as much as i i remember when we skate on ice, due to the friction pressure at the point of contact between the skate and the ice, there is water...

that’s right, nikolai, yes, look, what’s more, i’m liquid, yeah, and we cut easier, faster, i can say, i even have this personal experience of a small experiment, when i cut the fish that i take out of the freezer, i want to cut it off. steak, without defrosting, then i heat a knife on the stove, cut it with a hot knife, then cut off the piece of frozen fish i need, at the same time, frozen

fish is more difficult to cut, because this is already solid phase, that's all we are ice. we are trying to cut with a knife, but that means that here we get heat not from expressions, but simply by pre-heating the knife, we, therefore, locally carry out a phase transition from frozen fish to thawed one, we cut it and achieve the desired result, well, here i get such a physical fear, remember, at the beginning we talked about intermolecular bonds, doesn’t the structure of a knife change when heated? i, for example, would definitely not do that, because knives expensive, especially if they are japanese, especially carbon steel, it is very fragile, if

, for example, you even drop a knife, it can simply split into several parts, it is also not recommended for heating it, because... the sharpening can also deteriorate, even when the japanese boss taught me, he says: under no circumstances should a knife be sharpened in hot water, only in cold water, i don’t know why, but i think that, well, the molecules probably expand , and the object changes, even, for example, with any heating always getting wider a knife is like sausage, like fish, like cheese - it is also a complex atomic molecular structure with something unusual.