well, we have very warm friendly relations , in fact, everyone does, so somehow i don’t know even the question somehow didn’t arise here, i don’t know, well, it’s work for you, and the team with whom we work is probably more so, it’s really very warm enough native and there are absolutely different relationships , so we talked about returning. then our rehabilitation begins, and there should also be the same coach, a personal trainer, whom the crew has, as a doctor, tell us about this stage after returning, and after returning, what we see, we are used to to see that the astronauts themselves do not walk , they are literally taken out of the capsule there, it doesn’t matter whether it will be dragon or our union, they are carried out right in their arms, sat on chairs, and then we don’t see them practically walking, if they walk, they are definitely supported or a trainer, or a doctor, yes, yes, yes, it is, in fact, an astronaut... may or may not be

in fairly good physical condition, but that is, muscles and so on, muscles yes, but at the same time he cannot walk , exactly why, for the reason that he was simply unaccustomed, his body forgot how it was is done automatically, that is, the neural connections have not yet been restored to this action and it has not yet turned into automatism, but to constantly keep everything under control, especially after the flight, let’s say, from the station to the ground, the descent is quite a difficult thing, energetic . yes, let’s call it that, that’s why, of course, at first you just need to give support, support to the person so that his vestibular system comes into harmony , he remembers, he gets used to it, i remember, even after the fourth flight there, yes, well kind of experience, i i recovered quickly, that is , it seemed to me that i didn’t need support, but all the time i felt the elbow of my doctor and the trainer nearby, it turned out like this, if you walk up the steps, yes, i see

a step, i raise my leg , i’m walking, if i start to get distracted and talk to someone , yes, i seem to raise my leg, well, automatically a step, what’s 14 cm or whatever it is in the image, but i forget during these six months that there is still gravity, and i missing just a little, as soon as i turned away, i started something la-la-la talking to someone, you definitely cling to this step with your toe, i remember this for sure after every flight, it seems normal, what’s wrong with climbing three or four steps there. in the dispensary, well, from time to time it hurt , so of course, we always need a trainer, yes, yes, well, our rehabilitation is divided into two large stages, yes, this is an acute period, when the astronaut has just descended, fresh, he still smells of space, so stellar, and this is approximately 3 weeks, yes, this is 21 days, as a rule, at this stage we are not very we load the musculoskeletal system, that is, we need it, every day, yes.

a swimming pool that is heated specifically for an astronaut, the usual one is fine, here there is 50% success, let’s say, it’s easier to recover in the water, well, starting a little bit, i don’t know, walking, probably not running, walking, yes, yes, of course , perenkur, terenkur - this is the second stage, for 21 days, the crew , again with a trainer and a doctor, fly out to, well , some sanatorium, kill yourself. astronauts, whoever wants where, exactly, it’s good when it’s summer, the sea, yes, yes, sometimes it’s winter, but in winter we don’t go skiing right away, and where did you have your rehabilitation now, now - anya’s rehabilitation took place in pyatigorsk, we were there in a sanatorium, in our fmba, and yes, yes -yes, in our fmba, it’s good there, walking in pyatigorsk, uphill, downhill, yes, that is, what you need to eat.

that is, i walked around there myself, drank some water , and they just told us, yes, they told us, this year before yours, before your rehabilitation, exactly what the pros and cons are, i’m just starting to remember, the first time i went to rehabilitation took place in karla kvarakh, well, it’s an old one, well, not soviet, but from the soviet era. a resort where our workers always went , well, like abroad, after all, it’s abroad, and then i was in greece twice, in crete, yes, i , too, once - with the first official crew, we also went to crete in greece , probably also there, because astronauts always share experiences with each other, where it’s good, like sensations, like emotions, like a state, so we’re already following in your footsteps... it turns out we’ve also gone forty

seventh, and for you this is rest, so i know for sure that for me this is rest, well , rehabilitation, that is, i worked for six months in space with a clear conscience i eat, they give me a massage, i drink water. but for you it’s not a vacation, for me it’s not a vacation , for me it’s a job, but since i do what i love, i never have to work, i just always do what i love, i really like my job, my profession, so you can say yes, that i’m also on vacation, i just have a number of other interesting, wonderful ones. we talked about when anya applied, you tried to get into the cosmonaut corps, well, maybe later, if you have such an idea now, there is an idea, we have open enrollments, yes, now they have been made open, so it’s very cool that

space is now a failure to pass now, yes , i tried to pass, and where, where they caught you, i, well, obviously not in physical education, no, not in physical education, oddly enough, i was... caught in the teeth, well, this can be cured, yes, yes, i think you have already cured it, everything is being done, yes, absolutely now, there are chances, well great chances, yes, all the chances, selection is an interesting thing, i think that if there is an opportunity, you should definitely participate, yes, so as not to regret later that you didn’t participate, maybe we’ll have dinner together, well, come on, your wife came to see you, i asked how you were, would you... olya, i hit him because he climbed into someone else’s bed, let everything remain as it is, what remains, that the turbine is not yours,

how do you understand something here if you love, you see, but you don't want to invite me to dinner today, sorry, it's about... taxi under cover. premiere. tomorrow after the program time. is this the same one who ratted out his partner, or what? what have you done? nobody wants to work with him. behind the wheel he is like a duck to water. we are launching an experiment. taxi? undercover taxi. comrade colonel, is this legal? i had my own plans for this car. but you were forced on me. one joint and you'll fly out of here like a champagne cork. an interception plan has been introduced, an armed attack at north 27. it looks like we have a new maniac. another corpse. how about you now? call? taxi driver in uniform, bombed in

law, unfinished cobboy. did you decide to start the actual investigation? assertive and quick-witted. so, what kind of puzzle do we have here? why are you helping me? you won't calm down, will you? until you catch them, what’s your name? for you i'm just a taxi driver. undercover taxi, premiere, tomorrow after the program, then you fell, then something else, well, this is how to live with you? well, you don’t live. we continue our conversation with coach alexander serdik. tell me what you like most do you remember anything from your trip to america? from a trip to america? i went there with... a purpose, and i think that the most striking event, of course, for me was the start of dragon crew5, with my colleagues, american, i mean coaches, you know each other, communicated, yes, we know each other, we communicated, saw them, how they prepare their astronauts , namely the training itself, no

, it’s different in some way, something is better with them, a difference, yes, most likely there is a difference, i heard from the astronauts that there is a difference, well because anyway we communicate and what in the process work? do they have anything good that can be adopted from them? good things that can be adopted, i think that there is always something to learn from foreign colleagues, some crossfit things are very interesting, they have a lot of team building work, it’s also interesting when they are in teams, it’s the astronauts who compete with each other, but these are more of such competitions, probably gaming ones, not quite like that. what needs to be won, of course they are also divided into teams from time to time in different ways, but this is very great, it’s very interesting , it’s teamwork and it’s related to physical activity, i think it’s great, maybe we’ll also gain more from it, but we just said that

you have a desire, plans in the future, to go to team of cosmonauts, perhaps you will be the first space family to appear on the iss, there are such plans, are you discussing them yourself? thing of course, i thought anya was here, she was here, she told us this, it would be very, very cool, it would be very cool, that this is just such a plan, that’s it directly... to existence, that is, well, i don’t know what the training plan is, two spacemen in the family, that’s cool, i think, yes, i think it would be very cool, but how you met, it’s not about space, of course, on an abstract topic, yes , i’ll tell you, we met at a competition, well, one day, where else we could meet, there was a rafting competition, rafting is rafting down mountain rivers on inflatables. rafts, well, that’s what they ’re called rafts, that is, it’s not about who swam to whom, especially since i understand that women’s

teams and men’s teams or somehow mixed, yes, the teams had a separate men's category , a separate women's category, well, how we all fought, no, we were not direct competitors, we were just from different cities, so it somehow happened that we came to these competitions in the city, the city of gorno-altaisk, this the capital, and separately from it there are locations on the kotu river. moment she was sitting in a different squad, well, just like athletes periodically move there and

well, did you win something from club to club? no, not you, not her, about anya’s team, to be honest, i don’t think so either, no, something then, you didn’t earn gold medals , but at least you met, but at least, i think that at these competitions, probably, each of us received the most important prize, yes, we met, we... continued our acquaintance, communication , later we seem to do some very interesting things together, tell those people who also want to join the cosmonaut corps, what should they do now, what exercises would you recommend, well, not just running, what would you advised that they come prepared, well, of course we are there do 12 pull-ups, you need to run, swim, if possible, what would you say? pay more attention, pay more attention specifically to physical,

i think that any athlete of any narrow specialization, he is already 50% ready, well, of course, take a diversified approach to his physical training, that is, if there are any questions about swimming or i’ll run there, all these standards are presented in the public domain, you can easily go to the cpc website to look or even on the internet, when the recruitment is announced, there will be a document, even now, now you can already look, i don’t think that they will make any strong changes, so you can easily rely on what has already been before, test yourself, test where there are some shortcomings, of course, try to strengthen them, it is better to work with coaches , after all, teachers, because they are professionals, yes, professional, because no matter how not every person can prepare himself, but if you... be honest to the end, then always a coach-teacher will prepare

an athlete better than he himself, otherwise the olympic champions would not have coaches, they would prepare themselves and put them on pedestals. here you, sasha, have been working in the space industry for a long time, you understand perfectly well what risk is, space flight is important, you were at anya’s launch, you saw this huge rocket, yes, you saw the launch itself, were you afraid, were you what kind of feeling do you have at this moment at the moment of start? space rocket and, probably, you can more call it excitement, yes, excitement, experience, but there is probably no fear as such , a very interesting experience, too, literally the day before the launch of the rocket, it was the family of astronauts, our cosmonaut, who brought us to it , they showed us the rocket almost exactly like that, yes, that’s how i see you, that is i stood near the rocket. i could look at it, it was on the launch pad, where it was already, and its start

was postponed, but there was one postponement due to weather conditions, well, it’s not critical, there ’s a window there again just a couple of days later, everything is fine, very, very cool what is possible was to go up to the rocket right together and look at it, that yes, indeed, here it is, it exists, then we watched the excitement already at the launch, yes... from the very beginning, when people come out, wave, get into the car and go to their launch pad , to your rocket and until... the moment of entering the station , of course, all this is in such an emotional mixture, let's say, this is joy, of course, because this is a journey of 10 years, this is not a little 10 years, this just such a period of life, let's say, well, do you remember her first call from stations, yes, of course, when it happened, it

happened, i mean from the moment of launch, they were flying for probably about a day, right? common to everyone, at least for russia, and you understand that someone is in space, then you are unlikely to reset, but really, very well, let’s imagine what you think, as a professional, coach, teacher, what a person will do in space through 50 years, uh, considering that at 60 we celebrated, well

, our space age, that’s about the same leap forward, taking into account how technology is developing now, which, in general, yes, humanity is growing more and more of us , its development is picking up speed, we are fantasizing, yes, i think that in the next 30 years there will be a landing on the moon, with the establishment of some kind of stationary bases there, or at least near lunar stations such on the lunar orbits. namely, further progress towards mars, i think that in 50 years we will reach mars, it must and must happen, i am not sure that there will be some kind of station and apple trees will bloom, but i think that we will get to mars after all someone will get there, let's hope we will hope, let's hope, hope for this,

unfortunately, time flew by very quickly with the space orgy, today alexander serdyuk, a senior trainer-teacher, was my guest. for physical training, cosmonaut training center, i'm anton shkaplerov, it was a podcast of space stories, you can watch all episodes of the podcast lab project on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru, the great among.

on the russian throne is such an autocrat, a manager of the west. yes, vasily iosipovich klyuchevsky, our great historian, wrote that catherine was the last accident on the russian throne after the era of palace coups, the last coup, the last accident, that’s how it happened, how catherine became great, let’s try to figure it out today. hello, this is a history podcast.

speaks in a calm language, but the essence remains the same: her reign is one of the most remarkable in russian history, its dark and bright sides had a tremendous influence on the subsequent...

catherine’s father, or rather, then sophia, augustus and friederike, anhaltserbskaya, christian augustus, served in the prussian service, rose to the rank of general field marshal, although he received general field marshal under the patronage of catherine ii. in 1742, he inherited this principality of anglzerbst after the termination of the senior line of the dynasty, and his mother was catherine.

catherine is not the first and not the last woman on the russian throne, but of course she was radically different from everyone else. if we talk about the number of favorites in the era of catherine the great, then she probably had more than all the other empresses combined. we must remember, with where it all began, catherine at a very young age was married to pyotr fedorovich, the heir.

and her attitude was steadily pursued , despite this, although it changed a little after it changed not even a little, but quite a lot, freedom became greater, when she gave birth to the heir paul, in russia some considered catherine to be frederick’s creation, well, such an exile to russia , so to speak, prussian, she was at the court in berlin, yes, yes, yes, being german, she, she wanted to be not german, on the russian throne, she wanted to be the russian empress. russian , one might even say, in its essence, in the essence of its policy, in essence its attitude towards russia, when she ascended the throne, it turned out...

so that frederick’s mood in general deteriorated quite badly, because instead of to promote some prouvian interests, the only thing that catherine offered friedrich was such a very, very cool to the point of icy neutrality, and he was already happy by that moment with this, but of course catherine tried very hard to be, well... attractive to both the court and the russian people in general, she, well, she didn’t want to be german , in general, it’s been quite a long time, she had some kind of complex, when her brother wanted to come to russia, she said that why is this necessary, that there are not enough germans in russia, or something, naturally, the point was not that

another german would be added. one more, one less, just the very arrival of her brother, firstly, was reminiscent of the surrounding family tree, and secondly, she was terribly afraid that someone might assume that she was protects his relatives or actually promotes some russian interests. catherine, in fact, wrote: “i wanted to be russian, so that the russians would love me,” she learned this even before she ascended the throne. i like it, she realized that in russia you need to give gifts, and if someone liked something, including from her household items, she gave it, she, as she herself wrote, plunged headlong into all the squabbles of the courtyard, delved into court gossip, intrigues, became a member of elizabeth’s court, well, of course it’s impossible, how can you not care about outfits, she began to care about outfits, gave gifts, scattered money left and right in order to get supporters, she succeeded, however, the money that was allocated to her for

maintenance was 30,000 rubles, in general... solid amount, she began to miss it, she got into debt, she took on debts, took on loans, and for this she received reprimands from empress elizabeth. she, of course, during this time became accustomed to such resourcefulness, to patience, patience is probably one of her main qualities, and, of course, secrecy, she, as she wrote klyuchevsky, comprehended the great art of politics, the ability to control oneself, restraining feelings, it was strong.

april 1756, just to the english envoy, what do i not owe for the conduct that sent you here, like a guardian angel, and united me with you with ties of friendship, here, here, here, you’ll see if i ever i will wear a crown, then i will partially owe this to your advice,

so it’s very curious that... despite this foreign foreign support, influence, i don’t remember that any of historians really emphasized this in a negative way, that they contributed to putting her on the throne, in general with peter ii it’s interesting, on the one hand, a person who seems to be a well-traditional point of view, yes, that he seems to be empty, in general quite pitiful ruler, and that's pretty much it. on the other hand, he was a very active ruler, he tried to delve into state affairs, even tried to imitate peter i, but he immediately aroused hostility to himself because of this mania of his to imitate prussia, because of the shameful ending for russia the seven-year war, although, by the way, catherine had already withdrawn the troops from prussia, and peter ii wanted to fight with denmark for the holstein lands, and for this he tried to withdraw the guard from russia on this danish campaign, the guard

in general from... peter did not want to leave, and even more so on some kind of campaign for some holstein, and then there is this gottorp issue related to the disputed territories, and in between. they received the right not to serve, the most important, by the way, the most important document, which catherine would later develop into a letter of commendation nobility. the coup was planned, it was planned almost immediately with his accession to the throne, catherine had it in her head

that a coup was possible, even under elizabeth, chancellor bestuzhev, so to speak, sounded the waters, but he was a little hasty, nevertheless catherine did not abandon her plans , especially after peter insulted her at... a dinner in honor of the conclusion of peace with prussia, she refused to drink his toast while standing, accordingly, he shouted at her right across the table in front of foreigners, in front of courtiers , and even wanted her arrest him, but they talked him out of it at the last moment , in general, they reported on the danger of a coup, he simply did not take it seriously, he did not take many things seriously, including this, when the coup began, firstly, it was supported by a significant part of the population capital, not only the nobility, not only, as in the case of elizabeth, these leipkumpans. yes, including the ordinary population of st. petersburg, and this distinguishes the palace coup as a result of which catherine came to power from previous russian palace coups. after overthrow peter, who showed lack of will

, refused to resist, he tried to escape to kronshtat, then he revealed that kronshtat had already attacked catherine and so on, he signed a renunciation and wrote plaintively to her while he was already in robsha under your arrest. an unexpected colic could not have seized him, and i am afraid that he will not die tonight, i am more afraid that he will not come to life. about the third letter, the second letter is in a similar spirit, the third letter, the famous one with the message

about the death of peter, mother, he is no longer alive, but no one thought of this, and how should we think about it raise our hands against the sovereign, but the sovereign did not suffer any harm, we were drunk, and he also argued with prince fyodor, boryatinsky, before we had time to separate him, he was no longer there, eating. that he died naturally, but this is only one of the versions. and we continue our historical podcast. today our topic is catherine ii. there is an interesting point here, she not only learned russian well, she spoke it brilliantly, spoke this language brilliantly and became one of the leading writers at that time. and she wrote that she just didn’t wrote plays, and articles.

what is needed, but exactly what is needed , speaking about philosophy, yes, it must be said that catherine, at the end of her life she herself admitted that she was not, in general , an original thinker, if you look at her notes written a year before accession to the throne, then we will see there an absolutely, one might say, utopian, ideal picture, she writes there that she wants to do only good on the throne, that she wants to eradicate despotism in russia.

uh, this story was very interesting, because well, if we talk about so to speak, oh something original of their own, then - here’s another point i would ... note, catherine, unlike peter, that’s what, distinguished them, so to speak, well, firstly, peter, went from practice to theory, and catherine went from being well-read , from what she, so to speak, had read, then to reality through practical management, so to speak, she said, she called russia my little farm, that’s it... and one more thing that distinguished them: if peter believed that

a european shoe should be put on a russian foot, then if it hurts, it doesn’t hurt , then catherine very often tried to fit this shoe to the russian foot, and very often she threw many of her projects ideas into the world, into society, like a pebble into water.

they considered this to be the work of catherine herself, but catherine herself, in correspondence with foreign friends, said that i simply dressed up like the raven in the fable, dressed in feathered wings. in terms of content, this order, of course, was, by western standards, the most advanced document, because there were many such political scientific developments that were not even used in the west yet, the people who were gathered, and there were 564 deputies from all over the country, well, not counting the serfs, naturally, they received guarantees of immunity so that they could freely express their opinions, and for life, the only thought that was still at the basis of this document was autocracy, the inviolability of the autocracy, the inviolability of the autocracy, and maybe the work on this code did not bring real results... catherine received that picture of russia, the real one. it is clear that

catherine's reforms and subsequent reforms were built on the knowledge that she gained while working with the established commission, but of course, they were carried out at the expense of strengthening serfdom. why did the commission involved, one might say, end up with nothing? well, inconsistency of interests, and not only different ones. he was forced to rename it nicholas i and write the title as the story of the pugachev rebellion, because a rebel cannot have his own history.

literally in a nutshell, well, what a rebel there is no doubt that at first the pugachevites drowned in blood, so to speak, a lot of landowners, and then the landowners drowned in blood in a lot of rebels, this is a fact, and this is a terrible story, but it is also curious, what exactly, what goals did pugachev pursue? yes , at first, strictly speaking, the idea was simple , to loot more and then

go to turkey with this loot, let’s say, but then a different geography and other intentions appeared, this is very curious, because the idea had already arisen to go to the capital, to st. petersburg, so, if we summarize some separate manifestos, because there is no separate general document, but there were a lot...

and this is such self-promotion, she, of course, expected praise for her hard work, it was real hard work, and even before coming to the throne, she studied european encyclopedias, studied multi-volume historical works, drew up frameworks for herself, she was certainly hardworking, but indeed, documents from catherine’s office have been preserved, these documents show her truly incredible hard work and the desire not only to reform the state machine, but to create , so to speak, a legislative building, which it did to a large extent, for example, the provincial reform after the pugachev uprising, the country was divided, that is, in fact , there was chaos in local government, on the one hand there were remnants even before peter's times, peter's decrees, there was no system, it

created a system that lasted until the fall of the russian empire, in some elements it even passed into soviet times, the country was divided into... 50 provinces governorships, well, then there were 48 governorships, two provinces, moscow and st. petersburg, then paul i will be renamed, they will simply rename the governorship back to the province, as under peter. at the head of the administration in moscow and st. petersburg are chief police officers, respectively , each province is headed by a governor, viceroy or governor-general, the provinces are divided into counties, at the head of the counties are captains. at the head of cities, mayors, a number of more than 165 settlements received city status and the district center, that is, the russian territory turned out to be lined and systematized, this is a huge job that catherine carried out , most of the cities, thanks to this reform

, appeared in russia just under catherine, because sometimes there was not even a worthy contender for ...

dolls of the heir tutti, tomorrow on the first, this is a historical podcast russia west on the swing of history, today we are talking about catherine the great, we are already...