114 114 element flerovium in honor of the founder of the laboratory where alexander works, there is 115 element moscovium, and this, yes, residents of the capital will forgive me, not in honor of moscow, in honor of the moscow region, because dubna is located in the moscow region, i will correct it a little, and there the official decision is written in honor of the moscow region and the ancient russian land of muscovy, the location of the joint institute for nuclear research, so in general, in principle, this is.

preparation of the team, preparation of equipment for those experiments that made it possible to discover the six heaviest elements, that really was, well, in my opinion, some kind of miracle, at that time the laboratory was headed by yuri savakovich oganisyan, he managed to assemble an international team, in addition to the countries, members of the institute, it included american laboratories, the largest american laboratories , leversky and

okrich, so we have 116 livermore and 117, tennessee, where the okrich national laboratory is located, were able to concentrate efforts in order to bring the technology to this level sensitivity, so that experiments that have not been possible for about 15-20 years anywhere in the world, it becomes possible to do them, indeed the technology can be improved, well... hundreds of times, let's discuss this question: how is a new element, in quotes, made ? i understand that now a whole factory of superheavy elements has been built in dubna, that’s the official name, yeah, as i understand it, there’s a photo of the accelerator from there, but how do you even make a new element, well, look, as we said, in order to make a new one element, you need to merge two nuclei, the nucleus is charged, positively charged, as we remember from the school physics course, the charge of the same name.

repel, therefore positively charged nuclei, they repel each other in order for them to come into contact, then with a negligibly small, but still not zero probability they could merge, but they need to be brought to each other, overcoming these repulsive forces, for to do this, they need to be accelerated, accelerated, and to speeds that are approximately 10% of the speed of light, that is, it is approximately 30.00 km/second, that is, along... these channels, pipes, i don’t know what they call it, but for this you need an accelerator, the elements fly at a speed of 3000 km/second, and how do i hit some kind of target, absolutely right, how they are accelerated and how to determine what worked and what did not, well, the accelerator that is used is called a cyclotron, in fact its entire operating principle is based on the fact that the magnetic field allows... to return a charged particle,

in general it should, according to the school course physics, charged particle in constant magnetic field moves in a circle, and the electric field accelerates, that is , plus or minus a charged particle, the ion, previously prepared, flies between plus and minus, accelerates, then we must change the polarity so that next time it accelerates again, does not slow down, and the magnetic field trajectory...

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an englishman, well, exactly by the clock, it’s all coal-fired, this steam locomotive is from 1955, everything for real, goose caviar goes well, such luxury is a merchant, your salary is not enough to pay for this burger, evgeny, we have an installment plan for you, that is, it’s essentially, it’s chalk, yes, that is, it can be done directly you can chew on a wall if you don’t have enough calcium in your body. and even lick, if you want to fight, ready, started, look, the hussar has come for the masks, let's go, the premiere is on saturday on the first, what happens next, here is

a particle flying, a particle of what, what are you using as a dart, which sends, if talking about the heaviest elements, sonda 114 and 118, then for the synthesis of this last five, six elements , calcium was used as a bombarding particle, its very rare isotope, calcium 48, and the targets were isotopes of transuranium, that is , artificial elements, because that calcium is element number 20, in order for us to get element 114, we lack 94 protons, that is... we need to make a target from element number 94, this is plutonium, that is, we take plutonium with number 94, yes , let's make a target out of it in the form of foil, and thin foil, irradiate it with a beam - calcium 48 s, as i said, with a very small probability, and we will hit the nucleus with a nucleus,

also with a small probability these two nuclei will merge, we will get the nucleus of a new element, which must cool down, because it is in a hot state, and further flying out of the target, it will fly through the separator that we see on the screen and the red thing, yes this is the red thing, that is, in front of it this is just the box, where is the target, beam we fly out from behind the wall, hit the target, which is located in a plastic box in front of the first red element, and then there are separator elements that allow all background events. or garbage, so to speak, to separate to the detector to deliver only what we are looking for, atoms of superheavy elements, and so element 118 was obtained, which received the name gonisyan, so element 118 was obtained, well then we had to target from california take, that is, in order to 118, then

to supplement the twentieth calcium, it was necessary take california, element number 98, when they merged, they gave element number 118, which today is... the heaviest known closes the seventh period of the periodic table, well, it’s clear that in a simplified form it seems that, oh my god, i took a piece of the element , he threw it to others , happiness and glory came, but it is clear that this is a complex process, and it is also complex because the heavier the element, the less it lives, in theory, here is element 118, how long does it live in nature, is that a flood? which we know lives a little less than a millisecond, that is, a millisecond is 1. second, the well-known flood of the eighteenth element lives a little less than 1. second, but i understand correctly that there is a hypothesis of the existence of islands

of stability, the so-called, which suggests that there are far in the region beyond you can reach beyond superheavy elements and you may end up there. something more stable, disintegrating there not in millionths of a second, but managing to live for a while, you know, the picture seems very romantic, boats, sea monsters, your wife drew them, absolutely. great, from a physics point of view - what is this about? well, the picture, yes, this one is like that, it ’s called such a map of nuclei, yes, only an artistic interpretation of it, in general in science such pictures are used in the sense that the nucleus consists of neutrons and protons, yes, such maps of nuclei or maps of isotopes are depicted , where the number of neutrons is plotted horizontally and the number of protons vertically, so in the lower left corner we will have the lightest nuclei.

where is tori uranium located, these are like this, like this how uranus is depicted as such a beacon, the last element in the natural periodic table, and then we see how the stability of the elements decreases, decreases, falls and we actually reach the edge of the world of nuclei, the end of the world, but that very thing, and it was really predicted in the sixties it was predicted that if we go to very heavy elements. in the region of element 114, which is already known today, although with

a gigantic number of neutrons 184, if we can synthesize such a nucleus, then it will really live for a long time, as long as for a long time there have been different predictions there from thousands of years to millions and billions of years, this area was called the island of stability of superheavy elements, in fact, starting from this prediction, the sixth year. the story itself begins with the search for an island of stability, with the search for superheavy elements, they found this island, discovered it, you can scream earth, you can scream earth, you can scream earth, because these are the experiments that were done in dubna at the beginning of the millennium, they just prove that the island of stability exists, we did not get to its center, we have not yet been able to see these most stable isotopes, we have not been able to synthesize them. but we really got to the shore of the island of stability, we see that as we

take small steps towards the island, the lifetime grows quite quickly, that is, there, well , on average, adding one neutron to a superheavy element, we increase the time life by about 10 times, yeah, this is really a gigantic figure, which suggests that we are seeing this increase in stability. and we we really really really hope that such elements in the very center will actually live for these predicted thousands, maybe millions of years. well, you are talking about an increase in the number of neutrons, and if we talk about protons, your vertical ruler reaches approximately 124, well, approximately yes, but could there be a large continent of stability outside the screen, i recently read an article. where american astrophysicists analyzed one of the asteroids, which was somehow anomalously dense, their hypothesis was that

this is generally the 164th element, which is not even close here, can this continent, island, or at least some kind of stable lagoon exist there? there are predictions that besides this first island of stability, there are others, really the most distant one, quite large island, it was predicted in the region of 170, exactly 160. that’s about the element, the only thing is how reliable are these predictions, to say, well, i think that no one will undertake it, because nuclear physics is a science based on models, on our model ideas about the nucleus, the quality of the predictions of these models very much depends on how far we have gone from the known region, from the region of nuclei that we know experimentally, to hope that...

until such times, further, well, essentially matter, it will not be an atom, and therefore no longer a chemical element, but the stability of a heavy, very heavy nucleus is determined in fact. its stability with respect to fission, the nucleus is charged, protons, like similarly charged particles, they tend to disintegrate the nucleus, there are nuclear forces that on the contrary, they strive to keep it in a compact form, but the confrontation of these two forces determines the stability of very heavy nuclei, and the heavier the nucleus, the more these

repulsive forces, the coulomb forces, they become stronger, more powerful and more powerful and faster and faster they attack the nucleus. it is precisely this process of nuclear fission that is believed to limit the world of nuclei and the world of atoms; it is predicted that somewhere not very far beyond the 120th element we will reach lifetime values ​​that will not allow experimentally to register these chemical elements, that is, they will live so short that the nuclei that we simply cannot detect them, there are really different ones. predictions that these will not be ordinary dense nuclei, they may turn out to be nuclear bubbles, this is such a structure, when we have not dense, like a drop of liquid, but a bubble where the protons are closer to the surface, this will prolong the stability of the nucleus, and the nucleus in in this form, much

heavier ones can exist, there is also such a prediction, but this is still in the field of predictions, suspect... for completely different matters, hello, you can talk, undercover taxi, premiere, tomorrow after the program, time, calm down, comrade, we are coming to you, professor, this is the case, interrupted, interrupted, you can say that they anything will come to mind, you are painfully oppressing me, dad,

what kind of dad i am to you, my god, i’m only now beginning to understand what can come out of our little ball, but now we understand what? shining nonsense, why, i’m worse than people, well, i was married, i don’t care, azina, an innocent girl, it’s good that i woke up, take everything and divide it, that’s what i thought, the heart of a dog, the famous film adaptation of mikhail bulgakov’s story on saturday on the first, he is still dancing, dancing, graffiti in sao paulo without... day, is it true that you can you choose any place in the city and draw whatever you want? if you start drawing at some police station, then of course you will be punished, you won’t go to jail, but you will get a fine. what kind of men are here in brazil, very attentive and caring, it’s clear that sometimes someone’s husband can go to the left, we have blood hot, but her own woman, she is always alone, i

see that you mostly have women working here, we just want the women's coffee business... to develop along with the men's in the same way. brazil, coffee is simply bliss. the lives of others. premiere on sunday on the first. well, returning to einstein mendeleev. how many years have already passed, how many steps forward physics has taken. is it clear how the kernel is structured? an infinite amount is known about the nucleus, but unfortunately, we don’t know. the exact form of nuclear forces, that is , those forces that hold - nucleons, protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus hold together, we know everything about the second coulomb force, yes, but about nuclear forces, we don’t know their exact mathematical form, we only have nuclear models, that is, a model

is in any case a kind our idea of ​​the object we are studying, it can be better, it can be worse, these models can be very complex and very close to reality, but they still remain models, any model has limitations, from the point of view of nuclear theory, this is the brick that is missing for in order for nuclear science to truly become such a science, we can say that it is accurate, precise in the sense that we have precisely written equations, if we can solve them, we will get with you an absolutely correct solution, and if we perform an experiment, we will simply do it... let us confirm that nuclear physics , unfortunately, is not such a science, that is, we have learned to explain and predict very many things, but our capabilities... are still limited by the knowledge about the nature of nuclear forces that we have, well, that’s it -even if without an equation formula, at the level of metaphors core - i don’t know, a snowball, a brick

wall, a drop, some kind of lattice, what is it? well , there is such a model of a liquid drop, and from the point of view of which the core is a drop - a drop of very dense matter, a drop of such a nuclear liquid with rather sharply defined edges, in order to understand what density this formation is, then approximately, if we had a hundred-liter barrel of nuclear matter, this nuclear liquid, then this barrel, the mass of this barrel would be the same as the mass of water in lake baikal, in general our substance is like it doesn’t sound strange, it seems to us that we are very dense, or the stone is dense, the iron is dense, generally speaking, we ourselves consist of emptiness, these small nucleoli, a very dense formation, but... not small, if you compare the size of the atom and the size of the nucleus, then it is one in 1000, that is, if our nucleus

had a size of 1 cm, then the atom would be 10,000 cm in size, yes, that’s 100 m, that’s the size ratio, and electrons are practically material points of the particle , which by mass...

are tens, well, maybe in the range of 100 times better than 20 years ago, that is , a new accelerator has been built, more powerful, more efficient, new separators, and now we are already doing the first experiments, so far on known elements, we see that the productivity of this complex has increased tens of times the number of atoms , which all the laboratories of the world have accumulated throughout history, we can collect the same amount and even go through it in a thirty-day experiment, this really shows that we have reached some other, some new qualitative level

conducting experiments, there are actually two tasks for the new accelerator complex: the first task number one is the synthesis of new elements, which you are asking about, the second is the study of already existing - open elements, their isotopes, new isotopes, if we talk about the synthesis of new elements, then what? such a big catch is that targets heavier than california cannot be made, and california has calcium, so when merging with california we get element 118, which is already known, that is, we must move to to move away from calcium to heavier beams and this, unfortunately, leads to the fact that the probability of synthesis decreases according to... predictions and according to the first experimental estimates, it says that the decrease can be from 10 to 100 times, this really creates difficulties in carrying out experiments, precisely

because a new experimental complex, a factory of superheavy elements, was built, that is, we technically gain a factor of about 30 in efficiency and this, we hope, will give us the opportunity to reach 119-120. element, the synthesis of which will be 30-40 times less likely there than the synthesis of the heaviest known elements? well, after all, we can probably assume that those schoolchildren who went to first grade this year will, by the time they study chemistry, see the periodic table a little longer than now, 119 will already appear there, 120, yes, this is a task, in general speaking, on the agenda of several laboratories in the world, including ours, we certainly hope for...

active ones, which are used for the diagnosis and treatment of the most serious diseases, oncological ones, first of all, which are created on reduced copies, accelerators that were made for fundamental research, the same nuclear reactions and knowledge about nuclear reactions that were studied in order to do fundamental science are used, there are specialized accelerators for therapy - oncological diseases, some registration methods are used , for example, there was such a method for registering particles, when a particle fell into plastic, then the damaged matter was chemically etched and according to the parameters, these are the resulting pores determined what kind of particles they were, this was the detection method, then they realized that they could take a polymer film, pierce

it... yes, they are trying to make some artificial skins based on a track membrane, this is what is done by perhonorod from nuclear science and is done with with the help of the technology that is used for fundamental science, if we look at nuclear science a little more broadly, to include particle physics in it, then we can remember medical tomographs, which are now installed in almost every clinic, this is also in general. and the product

of the science of fundamental particle physics is the world wide web ww, yes, which was invented by scientists at cerny, solely as a convenient tool for displaying experimental information that scientists receive, and after that, well, this technology, it has actually spread now in every smartphone and we are really without we simply don’t imagine life, in general, fundamental science in general, it has no goal of doing something, initially doing something useful, something that will enrich or improve our life, yes, but its the goal is to understand the world around us, the laws of nature that govern this world, the boundaries of this world and so on, these are all useful things, they come out as a kind of by-product,

can you make a bomb from what we talked about today? no, you know, sometimes when people comment on the discovery of new elements, i’ve heard several times that, well, for example, this is a step towards the energy of the future or something else, you know, it’s possible to make something out of the elements themselves if they are received, they are received in macro quantities, unfortunately, the elements heavier than a hundredth are obtained in single atoms, with single...

one, that is, they synthesized one atom, made a measurement, yes, then they got a second one, made a measurement, but they do not accumulate - in such quantities that it is possible - there is something with it do it like with a substance, well , the very idea of ​​your institute is precisely the bringing together of peoples through science, and not some kind of aggressive, the slogan of the institute is, yes, science brings people together, well, it seems to me that this is where we can complete our program, may it come with you are the power of science, which brings together peoples, may the power of chemistry and physics be with you, this was kudyodin’s podcast and i am its host... and our guest today is alexander karpov, scientist-secretary of the laboratory of nuclear reactions of the joint institute for nuclear research. watch all episodes of the schöddinger's cat podcast on the channel one website and may the power of science be with you.

hello, this is a psyche podcast and we continue to break down this very psyche into molecules and maybe even mathematical formulas, in any case , today we will try to apply the word psyche to the word kinetics. our guest today is valentin shishkin, an expert in kinetics and non-verbal communications, tell us in a nutshell, this is generally science, this is some kind of practice, this is some kind of technique, that’s what it is now because. to be honest, until recently, of course, i associated the word kinetics only with physics, well, like all of us, having already studied physics at school or institute, our form affects our content, i will show with examples: if i sit like this, how will i be perceived, well, you are so small some kind of weird person,

you are afraid how i will feel inside, i don’t know how you will feel, well, if you sit in this position for 3-5 seconds, the psyche will begin to eat itself, and if i regularly sit like this, then my physiological inner like this... bodily, yes, the essence, it will begin to change, wrinkles will appear, clamps, clamps will draw my energy, because a clamp is a waste of energy, so i realized that you can come from within outward, but you can work quickly and efficiently, from the outside in. word transformation consists of three words: trance is a transition of forms, forms are not content, but actions, if i am a super professional, but i sit like this as a child who is not confident in himself, adapters are turned on, then i can say anything, i will be perceived like a child, let ’s break it down into two parts, we...

even a profiler can’t say that this is a lie, because i work with professionals in this field, yeah, it doesn’t work like that, that’s in order to make money, this is great, so appreciate a certain gesture, well, it doesn’t work, what are we doing, we record on video, well, literally 30 seconds, and we look at what the body really says, well , let me show an example, for example, now i’m sitting like a man or like a woman, like a woman, of course, and i can say whatever i want, but i’m a woman, now i’m a little... how can i say this, well, such a boss, a man’s boss, and, well, such is not very decent, but i, for example, say, now i’m not aggressive , and my body says that it is aggressive, yes, now i say, you know, i am very confident in myself, but my body says

another, every time you trust words or behavior, i don’t know, well, look, i’m sure that this is so, believe, no, no, yeah, now you know, somehow i’m worried, even nervous, believe, no, and every time... not in words, but in behavior, what is called body language, yes, in fact, yes, listen, but this was used quite, it seems to me, early, probably not even the first century in preparation, which means the preverbal period of communication on average dates back to the emergence of words approximately 150-2000 years ago in total, this is approximately 10,000 generations of our ancestors we were talking, but before that, for millions of years there were no conversations, but there was non-verbal communication, that is, bodily communication, how is it different, if the word pause, the word pause, one must listen, the second must speak discretely, then the communication is non-verbal, it is constant, we are constantly something then we broadcast , we constantly perceive something. at the level of gestures this happens automatically,

unconsciously, because under the cortical zone, which manages all this, is approximately 100 million years old, the aocortex, which is aware of 2 million years 10.2 as serious and small, and the dog, by the way, how does it read the owner’s commands, that is, the owner may not say it, or he may say a word in some language, it’s probably a fiasco bro, it’s called a video, the owner calls the dog to run across the bridge and then... consulting, he goes out, consults the company, a non-subordinate is not taken into account with him, at

3:00 in the morning they bring him a presentation, he looks at it, says, everything needs to be redone, at 9 in the morning there should be another presentation, he says a lot , you have to do it, he tells me directly from situation, i turn down the sound, i hear this, this in fact, well, it’s clear what he’s telling us, i ’m saying, like the client is with you, the client says, let’s see later, he says, he doesn’t look at the presentation at all, i say, it’s not about the presentation, it’s about you, it wasn’t about the reel , presentations of you, because you come in such a way that what’s wrong with you... they want the lower one to move, at the level you argue, and the higher ones generally push you away, what does the gesture have to do with it, of course, the point is that gestures carry basic information, that is if a person stays up all night, makes a presentation, brings it, and his client says: let’s see what he ’s doing later, this is an attempt to devalue, you need to look not at the presentation, at how this presentation was brought in, if it was brought in like this, then nothing will happen except desire like that, but how the presentation should be brought in, well for example, if now i brought it like this, i serve.

convince yourself of this. we're talking about, you know, what? a lot of professionals who can provide benefits to people do not provide this benefit for one reason: the wrong form. everything we did, we changed his delivery, because if he starts continue to behave this way, the company will simply lose a lot of money. wait, so you taught him how to show it externally, or you also changed what was inside him. when you work externally, the internal instantly changes. here's an example again. i ’m sitting too much like this, yes, i’ve changed internally or not, well, it seems to me that you are like that,

i look arrogant, not very respectful, you understand, but if i’m regularly in such poses, my psyche will begin to change, that is the body begins to transform, of course, this approach, the transition from form to content, is very fast, for example, a person is used to sitting like this, well, here’s a crooked leg, right? why is this a question of the past, this is for psychologists, well, well, i’m a kineticist, i work with the question of how, how does it help or hinder positioning, obviously it doesn’t help much, but i make perfect adjustments from below, now i’m placing my feet like this, i take up a little more space, i sit down more comfortably, the structure at the bottom disappears and appears, i’m on an equal footing, and now i do a little like this, and i’m already on top, too from above, again, how appropriate, inappropriate, if inappropriate, but... this needs to be removed, and we are looking together with him, not why this happened,

once again, this is for psychologists and we can delve into this, show us the ideal doctor. hu, it doesn't really work like that, what kind of doctor? let's take the therapist we come to see at the clinic, we came with a warning, we are now all learning from search engines, we don't trust anyone, we know everything ourselves, we came for a certificate, i always start not with the ideal doctor, with the right one make it look really bad, that is, a person comes and says: i need... to be perceived as a professional, yes, a typical example, valentin, i need to be perceived as a professional, he moves from the center, not from the center, but from the head, he has hands tucked in, higher, how does it feel to move from the head, look, now i’m moving from... the head, now i’m moving from the chest, now i’m moving from my center, yeah, so again, now how much i weigh, i stand and perceive how the bird is so intimidated, yes, so, and all my weight of some kind of knowledge, it disappears, now i move, starting not from the head, but from the center, starting from the chest, i begin to prove something, not the fact that i will prove it, but the fact that

i will do something there, yes, and now i move it to the center and say so and so, moreover, if i say the right things, but i move... from my head, look, twice 2.4, i believe it, no, well, not so, although, but it’s obvious, now i’m starting to move from center and i perceive no one, like oh, it’s worried, it’s worried, and i’m worried, i start saying, you know, 2.2 is 17, sometimes 28.5, who you want to believe, this, well, i suddenly begin to doubt my knowledge, listen, this is like something from a movie classic, blurt out confidently, yes, well, you know, in addition to blurting out confidently, you still have to understand that the words will be heard, and... and if this is nonsense, then this is obvious nonsense, after all, let's go back, show me how a doctor should behave at an appointment when such a tense, arrogant person comes to him patient, let's start with what kind of doctor should not be, he should be like this or should not be, there is a feeling that he is not knows very well what to do, yes well, this is how

he should be or not, well, maybe some kind of grandmother, hello mavan, i ’m listening to you, this is how he should be, definitely not, so we took three behavioral samples and cut them off , they are not... raised, i’m also clearly interested in what’s happening, oh, now, when you turned your head a little, i saw, you know, such a lack of subservience, but so sincere, very kind, equal interest, warm, and i’m taking a risk with it interested in getting into an hour of storytelling about how ships will form space, but you need to stop the flow, so i stand upright, hello again. by the way, go ahead, it hurts, yeah, i listened for 2 minutes, switched off, wrote it down, okay, apparently, now i want to talk, or am i becoming tougher, more domineering, well, yes, i need to wind down already, but i believe you, again, i i pull, again i stop, and now i say, so, and now we move on to some kind of actions,

procedures, because i become vertical, and my gestures are not here, not here, not here, here, i say, come in, have a seat, yes, open up mouth, we are now... let's look at the tonsils, i want to open my mouth, let's give another example, a young teacher, appointed as a class teacher in a class with difficult teenagers, she enters the class, we understand that the first seconds are very important for the entire further history of the relationship, as she should say, recently there was a fairly well-known series, there was a heroine who wore shoulder straps, she had shoulder straps, but she was like this, she had the clamp pulled out, yeah. a magnificent image, because there must be strength, in strength, femininity and fragility, i looked specifically at the actress’s profile, she constantly has a tightness here, she is genetically beautiful, she is attractive to many, but if we could help her not to have clubbed feet, not to hold shields

, to look without her nose, now i’ll show this thing, watch with the back of my head, it looks abstract, yes, look, now i’m looking with my nose, as if i’m moving from my nose, you can see. so now i'm moving with my nose and the back of my head, i'm balanced, now i'm looking with the back of my head, if i only look with the back of my head and move so, a slight arrogance will also appear, apparently, uh-huh, and this is a transformation happening from the outside, not psychological, kinetic, for example, if i want to be a powerful person, but all my movements are like this, then i will not be perceived as powerful, or vice versa , i’m listening to you, but my hand says to sit. this is a psychic podcast, and today we are talking about kinetics, but not from the point of view of physics, from the point of view of psychology. demonstrate how you would walk into a classroom with troubled teenagers. firstly, i’ll walk in as if i’ve been there for 100 years already, yeah, and they’re there guests, but...