because in russia, a literature-centric country, all politics in the 19th century always went through literature, there was no parliament, there were no political parties, there was no free philosophizing, all intellectual life and political life largely went through literature, in during the soviet period, all this was preserved, and of course, when political renewal began, well , let’s say, it could not help but cause literary renewal, all these figures appeared. at the fourth meeting of young writers, by the way, this was done, he spoke at the meeting young writers and igor lenich volgin. no, one can imagine that now there would be such meetings, where an astronaut, such a first in the world, would speak, well, literature is simply given a different meaning, and the sixty-second year especially, this is a little later - it destroys

young artists, this all happens during the period, this bilyutin, this is really new, on the one hand this is, on the other hand there is such a reaction, all this, well, in general , i brought books for sixty years, as always, and i’ll even tell you a terrible thing, not traditional, that usually, of course, you remember that in the middle of each... episode of our podcast there is an author's section, and the host there either reads a poem, comments, or shows an old book, and today i give it to the guest, because igor is my guest volgin, who reads himself, but more on that later, now i’ll just pick up some books, well, here’s yevtushenko’s book promise, for example, here’s yevtushenko’s book tenderness, it’s very important that i have a foreign book, pitching, this is also important, remember , what happened...

the first issue of the new newspaper literature and life, literature, literary russia is being published, which replaced the friendly sharsh with golubkina in the first issue, this would be

voznesensky, take the circulation, take it, i have the first book, the first book had 10,000 copies, the second book - 2000 copies, everything is instant, and here there is a gigantic circulation, i think also look, this is a book that is a triangular pear, but we can see from the layout how lovingly it was made, medvedev did it in my opinion, medvedev is a soviet writer, this is a soviet writer, we create artists , we we are hiring an editor, victor fagelson was my editor for many books too. probably

the circulation is also large, now the circulation of even prose books, even novels, well, 2.0 is good, a lot, when i opened each issue of the new world, we read, because we signed up in the queue to read, for svoshenitsin, well, it’s not easy nostalgia, it’s not that it was good, it became bad, you can’t say that either, no, no, it was a resonant effect, yeah, of public expectation and some literary emancipation. so, here is a podcast, let them not talk, let them read, we are talking with the poet igor volgin. still, igor, you know, of course, these are my reasonings, i am a member of the seventies, this is no longer one of the oldest, of course, well, the undergrowth of the seventies, so i heard a lot more later, but such views are quite skeptical now, well, we all know them, yes, that is, not all of them. they

followed this call, well, the leonozov school, the so-called one, yes, if you take it, well, obrodsky, the brodskys, these orphans, the akhmatovskys, of course, they came to akhmatova, by the way.

sergey chudakov - professional outcast, wrote articles from time to time, was engaged in some dubious business, i remember i spent the night with him once, he had an inscription on his wall, which means grave number 16, there was such a sign hanging on his wall, there were stories that he outlined women’s legs there,

his everyone knew, everyone seemed to love him in many ways, then in the early period of eccentric, but that’s all, this is also the sixties, after all, enthusiasm. who was born in 1907, and debuted in sixty-two, sixty-two, the same book before the snow, the same year when solzhenitsyn, when brodsky, the book before the snow is 55 years old, well, he was a translator of poetry, long translations are like a headache, but he wrote poetry, he always wrote poetry all his life, yes

, yes, but he made such a late debut, he performed in my studio too, but he was already famous then, well, i would like two more words about vladimir sokolov, mozhelov was published in everything, i am friends with him. pop generation, slutsky boris slutsky, who influenced brodsky, not only brodsky, but by the way i remember his debut, you will laugh, i was a schoolboy, here i am it’s just that orenburg’s article about him had already appeared, he mentioned it for the first time, he was quoted there, a filieton about it appeared in the crocodile,

ridiculing some kind of thing, then i remember his not only his debut, there was his evening in the slutsk tsedry, i went, i was a schoolboy. i was a schoolboy, yes, and it was inconvenient for me to go in a school uniform, i was my older brother, he was on vacation, he was in the military, he was wearing a jacket, my hands were sticking out of it, this jacket was too big for me, i went in this jacket in the zest, i saw such a dry, ruddy, mustachioed retired, there were about 20 of us, and he then read parasitic poems, which were like prose, i was a political worker for 3 years and so, this is a parasitic poet, this was his debut, too, in the late fifties, strange lines, he was a political worker, well, imagine, yes, what a mood, political work is complex work, they worked it in this way, that is , it would have an impact, such prose, such prose, and such poetry arose from this, well, that is, it is such a crucible, a melting pot, yes, where

there are all kinds of people , cosmonauts, poets, translators, marginalized people, officialdom, everything melts, well, khrushchev himself in his style of behavior, with changing moods, then he prints, allows... the pirate school of attention to detail, this is such, well, is it acmeism after acmeism,

remember what acmeism is, she even told me to wear a garter today strangle, and it’s interesting, she even mentioned names that were almost forbidden at that time, he had poems by kushner, like korchik, a polish teacher, goes with boys with jews, goes to the gas chamber, and there he had this stanza: where was your loved one god, or as berdyaev thinks, is he weaker than the weakest scoundrels? the transcendental house of the berdievs, published from the country on the philosophical passage, nikolai aleksandrovich berdyaev, a wonderful philosopher, that is , the leningrad note is a little different, then there is krivulin, then elena schwartz, and so on and so forth, i must say that the russian lyrics of that time after all, there are two wings: the leningradskaya is also very powerful, and well, it’s time to move from general discussions to finally move on to the poet igor volgin, i would like...

the obstetric part, existence is still for me dreaming, without leaving oblivion, a war year,

naked, frank, life and death looking point-blank, implying a frank verdict passed by them, the enemy stands from the volga to the english channel, and the father’s road is far, which will console his mother, a debutante, a military corsair with a gutka crust, and the evacuation was abandoned to the tank-bellied urals. i appear as light prematurely, i am a mockery to the germans, damn them, i am light as a nameless light, overshadowed by a mortal blizzard, not particularly desired in general, but guarded by a secret hand, in a city where everything is unfamiliar to me, where the ballet is packed namiotel, named after the people's commissar, like an anti-tank cocktail, on the edge of life without end, surviving with other children, i am a muscovite conceived under the bombs, and born in the city of perm, where... i sleep blissfully, one of the judges of that country that did not surrender in battle , whose

fronts from all their guns play battle tales for me, well, these are the poems associated with a lot of things, and with a lot of everything, and from the early, that is, poems, well, these are also, by the way, related to the war, everyone thought that the war with hitler will continue not for years, but for a week, sitting by a darkened window, with hope in the loudspeakers looked like...

immortal, still practically healthy, and an angel in a crimson cloud, already bending over me, there on the highway behind odintsov, at the turn into another world, i left you without sadness, without memory, not remembering evil, but they held the weak soul, the father and mother by two wings, they grabbed as best they could, you can’t figure out why, and thus the soul was held in the body, nothing else, it seems, even if it went there without looking back, then the trace of this dead i would never lose my grip on her. well, these are the early poems,

but how are you now - well, it’s curious, like a poet perceives all this half a century earlier. i want to say that i would not refuse a single line, even what was published in october, in my youth in the new world, i would not refuse a single line, here they are sincerely, i don’t know, there are good bad ones, but i wrote them, as i felt then, let them not talk about the podcast, let them read it, i’m dmitry bak, my guest today is a wonderful poet, my friend, igor volgin, then a completely different era came, precisely an era. led to the fact that you know something different about volgin. after faculty of history, there was an excursion into the history of literature, into science, such a long excursion, a long excursion, here i have a book in my hands, one of many books, the book is called a circular paruka, but here it is written from five books, the life and death of dostoevsky, yes, this is from five books, from five books, well then

they often ask me why this suddenly happened, here are your works, including those in translation.

the death of the last year attracted me very much, it is difficult for me to imagine their ending to others, so i began to write a book last year, which it stalled for many years, but it came out only in 1986, only because dmitry sergeevich likhachev wrote a preface to it, wrote a preface, antanna delman wrote a good review, very much...

and then an excursion into literary vision, into the history of literature, on a visit to five volumes of dostoevsky, did not mean that the studio stopped working, no, the studio worked all the years, this is moscow state university, this is moscow state university, yes, this is the studio of the best moscow state university, and i thought when i kind of

started it, that well, i’ve been there for a year, i’ll work for a year, they asked me there was no studio there. at a young, young age, yes, but he, in my opinion, was a man not just outstanding, but close to genius, yes, and the elements are not all close, and tsvetkov, and vitkovsky, and

soprovsky, it was such a friendship, well well, it’s over, how many years, 30, and you didn’t write at all, practically, well, strangely enough, i wrote only in moments of mental turmoil, for example, when i had a divorce, then two or three appeared for me, and so, in principle, i didn’t write all the time. i didn’t write, i was, it was very difficult to tear myself away from it context, these are different ways of thinking, although, although maybe, i now think that the poetic way of thinking is present to some extent, in my, i apologize about the prose, it seems to me that this beginning was present there not as a method, of course, but as some kind of latent, some kind of latent factor, because thinking, scientific thinking, poetic thinking is different in many ways. but when they are combined, perhaps some kind of literary effect is obtained, as there was a return to poetry, it’s strange to say, there was some moment when

i don’t even know what this is connected with, this is about the eleventh year, approximately this is a century, well, 10 years, now 10-12 gives hope, friends, suddenly there was a need to say something differently, of course, well, it’s hard for me to judge this is from the outside, so he called me then and i showed up. a large selection in a literary newspaper for the first time, and then yavtushenko called me from america, well, i’m uncomfortable now , as if he said such words, then she wrote about it, he had an article from yavtushenko, about these, we’ve been with him for the last few years, we’ve been with him all life, in general, they were somehow so, well , friendly, and the last years have gotten very close, well, he generally performed my poems better than me, friends, evgeniy vtushenko read this man’s poems for a minute, but these are the things and certainly. so the poems caused some kind of, well, as they say, public outcry, i received a lot of reviews, books appeared, and now i’m still, as

they say, and it’s unknown, because this can stop at any moment, we don’t know when distillers, he had wonderful poems, i don’t remember how he sat down by rote, and he draws a poet there, draws little devils in the margins, suddenly nothing, suddenly this is the last thing, no one knows anything about him, well, nabokov has roman dar.

date, exactly on your fortieth day, the entire capital was covered in snow, as if an unauthorized guest, angels fleeing from the stushas, ​​flakes swirled

over the churchyard to receive one more of the souls, maybe the blessed ones will enter heaven, the archangels will sound the all clear, only the white snows are still falling, like and it was said by you, forever closing your eyelids, an unknown bliss over the country, the late snows are falling, as if the first, the very pure snow, and the last thing, i want to read the recent poems at all, the fact is that i’m a late father, i still have a daughter, well , she’s just turned 6 years old, she was born when i was already in this, we love zhenechka , i know, jelly, this poem is dedicated to her, it means that it was recently published in the new world, my daughter, she sometimes cries, sometimes she laughs, it worked out, sometimes it didn’t work out, it’s sad, you and i will have to settle into the future, knowing at the same time that

i am not destined to read my beloved poets to you, but perhaps, as if for fun, i feel your palm in my fist, i’ll have time to take you to a compulsory school, i’ll have only one retribution left, on the other shore i’ll pray so that you can get into at least moscow state university without money and cronyism, and in the morning, son of lulls, don’t you drive my shadow into sew up, it’s just a pity that i can’t see my long-awaited grandchildren like my ears. well, by the way, do the right thing, listen to your mother, honor your father, my daughter, the last joy, lives that have no end. well, these are the poems. this, i think, is a very important poem, the beginning of our conversation today, because speech here it’s about the connection of times, about how weirdly everything comes together. i am very glad that igor volgin was our guest today. igor, thank you very much, i am sure that we

will meet again more than once. including here in our podcast, to you, dear interlocutors, as always, i speak with emphasis, with emphasis, with passion, read with pleasure, dear friends, hello everyone, on the first channel of the podcast everyone wants to fly and i’m its host leonid yakubovich, this year marks the 130th anniversary of the birth of this outstanding man, the legendary aircraft designer sergei vladimovich ilyushin, it’s impossible not to remember this man, so channel one entrusted me with the story about this aircraft designer, the pride of the country of the soviets, the pride of russia,

the man, the only owner. seven stalin prizes, this same stalin prize existed until the death of the father of nations, then it was the lenin prize, now it is a state prize, three stars on this man’s chest, with pleasure i pronounce his name, surname and patronymic, sergei vladimirovich ilyushin, designer outstanding, i can proudly and correctly say, the father of a whole line of amazing aircraft. the founder of the company, which is still operating, he was born into a huge family, into a very large family, large, 11 children, he was born on march 18, 1894 in the village of dilyaleva, this is the vologda region, i repeat, 11 children, the family of a poor peasant, they lived very together, they lived poorly, at the age of 6 he learned to read, at

the age of 8... he went to a parochial school, like, by the way, very many, but he completed only three classes, he had to help his family, he worked 15 years old, left home to work, wandered, wandered around the cities, was even somewhere in the amur region, took on any kind of work, then ended up in st. petersburg at the age of sixteen, worked at the kolomyazhsk a... and there he saw for the first time the plane, he saw during the first international aviation week in russia, completely caught fire, well, like everyone else, because the thing in the air, of course, made an impression on the human, in 1914 he was drafted into the army, first served in the infantry training team near vologda, and then... persuaded, well

, in general, quite funny, also, by the way, as was customary in our country, for two bottles of vodka, to transport him to st. petersburg, and until the end of the war he served at the commandant’s airfield, served he was first a hangar worker, then an assistant aircraft engine operator, a junior and finally a senior engine operator, in 1917 he received a pilot's diploma, and in 1918... the huge team was disbanded and ilyushin joined the bolshevik party. during the civil war he served in the red army and was organized having joined the fleet, where he served, by the way, he flew himself, in the twenty-first year he entered the institute of engineers of the red air fleet, which is now called the zhukovsky academy. in the twenty-third year he finished it brilliantly, by which time it was already designed by him.

the first glider, which was called mostyazhart, he had several gliders to his name and, by the way, these were not easy toys, several quite ones were placed on them. data from polikarpov's u2 aircraft, the same machine that was later renamed po-2 polikarpov-2, the legendary aircraft, on in which, as you know, girls flew, destroyed night bombers, in the thirty

-first year ilyushin achieved his goal, he headed the design bureau of the tsaga, the central aerodynamic institute, i remember him very well, i worked at the tupolevo plant, mailbox 116. on radio street, and the tsaga there was opposite on the other side of that same radio street, i don’t know, maybe it still exists, the division there was like this: heavy aircraft were developed by tupolev, light ones were given to ilyushin, from then on the rivalry began, i must say, quite a friendly rivalry between the ilyushino design bureau and the tupolev design bureau. in the thirty-sixth year, and illuzhenu means he was 41 years old, he produced his first tskb aircraft. 26, please do not confuse it with the central clinical hospital, this is the central design bureau, it was a pretty good aircraft with a decent speed of 420 km/h with a serious payload capacity, by the way, it must be said that

the all-time famous test pilot vladimir kakinaki installed the first one on it soviet world aviation record, by the way, by lifting to the height of the load. the legendary kokinati worked with ilyushen for many years, a lot of cars, he lifted the air, tested a lot of cars, won international prizes in various categories for lifting capacity, rate of climb, height, amazing aerodynamics and much more, since the beginning of the war lyushin kbi developed the db3 bomber. long-range bomber, it was later renamed, there were four, the first flight in the thirty-ninth year was made by the db-3, a crew of four people, serial production from the thirty-ninth to

forty-fifth year, a total of 5,256 cars were manufactured, the plane was in operation from forty to fifty-two, and also an absolutely legendary car, which, by the way, i will be happy to pick up, the very famous il-2. the history of this airplane is amazing, how to calculate all the amazing characteristics of those times, i say amazing, because this is confirmed not by me, but by the people who flew on it. there’s an interesting story here, you see, the fact is that there’s already a war and there are already quite serious weapons in german planes. the question arose: how to actually protect the pilot, how to protect the structure, how to protect the engine? i must remember one amazing fact: during the first world war, when airplanes were made of wood, sheathed,

covered with fabric, the pilots, for their own safety, put a frying pan under their butts, well, this is of course not very serious, although not very serious protection, although at that time, besides the machine gun... there were also quite serious weapons, that is, their own revolver, however less the question really arose, how to protect? this means that if you put armor here, just armor, it makes it very heavy and, most importantly , solves the issue of aerodynamics not in a good way, and ilyushin came up with the idea of ​​​​making an armored plane, it was almost 2/3 armored, that’s the whole top and the whole bottom. illuzhen, that’s what he wrote, by the way, about this plane, there is a need to create it. armored attack aircraft, or in other words, a flying tank, as they called it at the front, in which all vital parts were booked, our design bureau decided to force the armor

to work in the body of the aircraft, that is, to make it the working body of this very machine. until now, designers have put armor on the frame only for the purpose of protection. the difficulty of the task turned out to be the choice. the thickness of this steel sheet, so that, well, so as not to overweight this very machine in vain. and in march 1941, the first production flight took place in voronezh. with a pilot without a gunner in the back, but this led to the fact that in the first years of the war, especially at the end of forty-one, the beginning of forty-two, there were significant losses... here’s what happened: stalin wrote

a letter to ilyushin, well, how can i say, a radio telegram, such a turntable, that i demand that the plane be immediately redesigned and made into a two-seater version, i forbid stopping the conveyor, the deadline is as short as possible, i ask you not to let the country down, then there was a decision to do as i did. i told you, a two-seater with a gunner in the back, which was positioned like this, he sat with his back to the pilot, he had a hemisphere, left, right and behind. what happened next is that they don’t climb into any fairy-tale gates, hardly at all this can be believed, and any person who is familiar with aircraft production technology, with what a conveyor belt is, can hardly believe that this work was done in... done in 7 days, of course, no one

left anywhere, 7 sleepless days nights, monstrous stress, and after 7 days the car went into the air in a two-seater version, in today's times i myself read the opinion of some people who believe that in 43-4 this was done in vain, since german aviation no longer had superiority in air, the co-pilot naturally influenced the severity. aircraft based on tactical and technical characteristics in a certain sense, it seems that in 44-45 there was no need to produce a car with a shooter’s ancestry, a controversial story, a controversial story, but nevertheless this very airplane il-2 is considered one of the best aircraft great patriotic war. however, after some time, joseph vesarionovich sent a memorandum with his own signature. and as ilyushin recalled, apparently this note was not prepared for him,

judging by the way it was written, that stalin himself wrote this, compiled it himself, sent it himself, quite a rare thing, and we prepared the notes according to his instructions, the following was written there, i will not give the entire note now, but nevertheless, this is what was at the core , that means he... is seriously concerned that one car per day is being produced from the assembly line, he categorically demanded to increase the number of cars, seriously hinting that if this is not done, it will mean that the ilyushin design bureau is letting the country down in wartime with all the consequences consequences. well, it’s easy to understand,

i say again, those who are familiar with factory production, maximum efforts were made, and, as lyushin later recalled, praise and honor to the women and children who worked in large numbers at the factory, producing parts for these aircraft, this was done, the number of vehicles per day increased greatly, very strongly and of course... this affected the priority of soviet aviation in the air. in general, stalin, as they say, i certainly can’t say this, but judging by the memoirs of contemporaries, he was a priority one aircraft designer is yakovlev. he loved him, he constantly got used to him, and it’s not that it’s impossible to say that, he loved him, in the sense of making him stand out from everyone else, a little. singled him out, treated him a little differently, this

was always evident from the way he addressed him, how he treated him, about correspondence and so on, nevertheless, iosifariyonovich elyushin felt incredible respect when, quite a serious problem, the fact is that the ministry demanded that the design bureau be moved closer to the plant, ilyushin was categorically against it. because transfer the design bureau from moscow, no one knows where, transport everyone with their families, equipment and so on, the struggle was quite serious,

which took place at the dacha, that stalin slept on a bed, on a narrow bed, covering himself with something simple, almost, well, not a soldier's, but in any case, such a thin blanket. he recalled this, well, how can i say, with a certain amount of respect mixed with surprise, let’s say. during the war , 36,000 vehicles were produced. here in merbakht. called a meat grinder, also called an iron thickener, however - the german pilots, well, among themselves they called it a concrete plane, because in principle it was very difficult to shoot it down, it’s just an amazing table,

the pilots who flew on it told me that the damage that the plane received in the air did not leave there was no way to fly to... to home, and yet the plane, with all this damage, landed at its airfield, crookedly, crookedly, no matter, touching everything in the world, landed, flew to its own, amazing survivability, that's what everyone says, the speed at that time was quite decent 390 at the ground, which means at an altitude of about 400-405 km/h, it rose to a height in two... minutes, while in one combat turn the attack aircraft gained a height of 400 m, that is, in one a combat turn, that is , it’s like this, like this, he managed to gain 400 and went down, which means the bombs could be dropped flying horizontally, they could be dropped in

a nose-up, roar and the bomb flew there like that, the plane went in this direction, and there's a bomb, but it's a pretty heavy story. it’s simply amazing the ability of the pilot to accurately understand exactly where the cargo will go, go up and immediately go there, and the bomb flew exactly to the target, a serious story, on the air of the first channel everyone wants to fly, me and the presenter lenit yakubovich, today we are talking about a legendary man, sergei vladimovich ilyushin, but the most important thing is that this airplane is l2. gave birth to a whole galaxy of aircraft that were developed by elyushen. forty-four , heavy attack aircraft il-10, equipped with an am42 engine and had powerful artillery weapons, quite powerful, four wing cannons, i’ll tell you now, ns23, with a total

ammunition capacity of 600 rounds, and a turret cannon that stuck out in front of the b-20. maximum speed. somewhere 350-400 is the maximum, and here 551, serious speed, il-10 attack aircraft were used in large quantities in the war with japan, this is the fourth stalin prize, now the following happens. a serious model that you can remember is the il-12, a medium-range twin-engine passenger aircraft, the first flight in 1945 was produced in two versions, passenger and cargo, the passenger version was designed to carry from 16 to 30-32

passengers and...