in russia they were replaced by willow; it is one of the first to bloom in our shurots. liturgies in all churches, and after a special meal, those who observe fasting are allowed to eat fish. tomorrow begins holy week, a time for prayer and preparation for the main celebration of easter for all believers, which will be celebrated in a week on may 5th. that's all for now, see you later. hello, this is the banden baden podcast and i am its host konstantin severinov, today our guest is a virologist, academician of the russian academy of sciences, scientific director of the institute serum vaccines named after mechnikov, vitaly vasilievich zverev. vitaly vasilyevich,

hello, it’s very nice to see you, hello, konstantin, yes, we are also very pleased, today we were going to talk about seasonal diseases with you, but i would like to start by talking about the world health organization, since you have been an expert for a long time and the representative of russia in this organization, lately there have been many people who doubt its feasibility, could you tell us what you did there and what you generally think about about the cart, you know, for the first time i went to... to the world health organization in geneva, it’s scary to think in 1987-88, i was still representing the soviet union then, we were invited by a large number of specialists in order to develop rules for testing vaccines against hiv infection , because then it was already in front of us, this is literally 3 years after the discovery, well, more, but there were scientists speaking there who said that

the vaccine was almost ready, we just need to test it correctly, they invited lawyers, there were social workers, and i participated in the scientific part, that’s where the scientific justification is, but here’s how the vaccine works, doesn’t work, we wrote these rules, well , you see how many years have passed, and vaccines in general, as it turned out, no, but i’m telling us, 20 people spoke, 22, who said that this is tomorrow, this is already tomorrow, like.

the fact is that when smallpox was eliminated, all strains, variants were naturally eliminated by vaccinations, that’s right, yes, vaccinations were eliminated and the vos declared and signed a document stating that everything smallpox no longer exists, because the smallpox virus, smallpox is a disease only of humans, there is smallpox of various animals, there is elephant smallpox, monkey smallpox, which was there, smallpox

before they abstained now, this is our svetlana sergeevna and the representative of japan, and i was categorically against it, i had, as i remember now, eight arguments why the smallpox museum should not be destroyed, and one of the englishmen supported me, there were two of them, one took the side of the americans, that is, opinions were divided almost equally, this decision was not made at the assembly, but i proposed not to consider this issue at all, then leaving these museums in these two countries was well, you see , they still exist, it’s like preserving species in the red book, it’s dear to you, it’s because somehow your work itself there were actually many reasons, well, firstly, yes, here we are, one of

my arguments was yes, we are protecting the amur tiger, what else is it, we are now eliminating it, we will never know it again, we will not see it , the first second, we will see it to the end. monkeys, this is smallpox of rodents, ground squirrels, we just imagine a monkey, yes, with a banana in his hand or paw, yes, and they eat like people, that is, they have the same thing, they become infected from these ground squirrels, and then people become infected, that is, if there is rodent smallpox, which if a person can get sick,

this means that someday it could suddenly happen that a virus similar to smallpox will spread into the human population, so that smallpox virus is needed at least for comparison, then also for creating diagnostic drugs and so on, but after all, the situation could be even worse, god bless them with rodents, but if now, well, people born after the eighties, as i understand it, we don’t have something like this, they are not vaccinated, and if suddenly from an american or russian laboratory if there is an intentional or unintentional leak from the museum, then all those who were born after the eightieth year, generally speaking, will be susceptible to a terrible disease.

it usually begins in southeast asia, and why is it somewhere there, why there you know, there are very good conditions for obtaining creation new variants of the influenza virus, the coronavirus also came from somewhere, but some center is just like that, the fact is that not only people get sick with the influenza virus, the flu virus... influenza also gets infected and sick in pigs and, most importantly, birds, so in humans , about 12-13 variants of the influenza virus have been isolated from humans, and in birds there are dozens, but in southeast asia there is such a cuisine

where people, pigs and birds live together quite closely together, so such a kitchen where it is... another feature of the genome structure influenza virus, it has each gene separately, and if two different viruses enter the same body, there is a rare possibility, but there is an exchange of separate... genes and a new influenza virus is obtained, yes, this is the first case, the second is the influenza virus itself, it is still passing through asia, through russia, through europe, it used to be like this classically, now, since people move and planes quickly enough to different parts of the world, it can go there much faster, but well, in this pot in which viruses are boiled, there it's warm all the time, there are seasons. in the fall or

why does it come to us in the fall in the fall and winter yes they are created again for these viruses why are they seasonal yes the conditions are created well firstly the human body yes when we are sick when we are hypothermic yes when we have some and when we live quite boringly if you pay attention in the summer.

passed away, he is considered to have died of influenza. in america they think differently, because the flu,

we are now talking about coronavirus, yes, about post-covid syndrome, all that, but the flu, very dangerous for people with chronic diseases. if, for example, in america a diabetic died of diabetes over the next two weeks after the flu, he is considered to have died not from diabetes but from the flu, because if he had not encountered this virus, he would have lived a long , happy life on his medications.

i did, i participated for many years, that’s just it, usually who holds such a meeting in february, we analyze the picture and this

meeting involves scientists and health care specialists, and vaccine manufacturers, they also participate in this, all manufacturers, regardless of the country's affiliation there, they receive the same variants of the virus for production.

today we are talking about seasonal diseases, and we are discussing this topic with academician vitaly zverev. we make a decision at the end of the episeason, that is, february, that is, everything ends, in february in march everything seems to subside, these respiratory diseases, including the flu. and manufacturers have a summer, yes, a whole summer, yes, in order to get to the fall, because you need to get vaccinated not when the flu has already started, but in advance, because that at least two weeks, right? well, in fact, you need more, but it is believed that in 2 weeks immunity is already formed, is it august or when, in principle, it’s better, in principle, it’s best to do this in august, of course, that is, in advance, and i don’t know, i’m this i do it every year, i have a huge family, i have nine grandchildren, we always do it

somewhere at the end of august, it happens before school, we get together, and the statistics in this case are always... one hundred percent flu vaccine with one hundred percent no efficiency, but there are statistics that our country maintains, as well as in other countries, that those vaccinated against the flu still do not die from the flu, that is , they can get sick, these 15% or 10 there , yes, well, a lot

depends on the vaccine , what kind of vaccine, the authors always give 90-90 something, in fact it’s a little bit... it’s easy, easier, well, just like a person usually gets the flu, then he will have a cold, without these complications, without pneumonia, and this is very similar to the situation with coronavirus vaccines, when here they are were used during the pandemic, there was the same logic that this does not save you from infection, but makes it easier. symptoms reduces mortality, that is, flu vaccines work the same way, only they change every year, i understood correctly, no, you know, this is not entirely true, the viruses are different, yes, the flu vaccine is 50 years old, yes we use vaccines against influenza are different, yes, and here the technology has already been established, everything is clear here, there are practically no side effects, that’s

what concerns the vaccines that were used in in the united states in america, it doesn’t work that way there. there are no such statistics, if you look at the morbidity curve, compare with the vaccination curve, compare with the mortality curve, nothing like that, it had no effect on mortality or ed coronavirus or do you mean coronavirus, i no, i mean coronavirus, we are now talking about coronavirus, as for our vaccine, how much it has reduced mortality, i cannot tell you, because the data is not...

you cannot maintain this distance, you need after all , it’s not necessary to wear them, this is the first time, the second thing, i understand that everyone wants to lead an active life, yes, but still, during

this period, when the rise in morbidity begins, it’s better to wait it out and try to spend time outdoors, walking in the park, and not sitting somewhere in a cinema, where, if it is full, he will definitely sneeze and something else. they have good immunity, and they get sick more easily or don’t get sick, but what is good immunity ? nutrition, yes it is mandatory, that is, it must be correct and rational; this is sports

in the fresh air, walks, that is, these are, well , ordinary recommendations, many say there are vitamins, you know, i am a little cautious about this because vitamins are, after all, drugs, they are medicines, they have a chemical component. formulas they are built into ours , the doctor should recommend them, now you can just come in, determine the immune status, and to a degree, then take it and say, you need this, you hear, but everyone there is now starting to become interested in vitamin d , yes, there are children there and something else, and then they come to the doctor, and they a problem with the kidneys, because he drinks this vitamin d there uncontrollably in large quantities, and this causes...

you drink, here, he says, here, i say, wait, and how is everything with your rhythm there, yes, and why are you taking it, well, like vitamins for the heart, what vitamins for the heart, this is a serious drug, what vitamins are for, who invented this, with vitamins it’s exactly the same, you still need to consult a doctor about all this, let’s hope that they know and can to give qualified advice, this is a separate question, you know, yes, no, yes, this is a separate question, yes, of course, doctors should know all this.

as well as, probably, the endocrine system, but the immune system is something that any doctor should know and understand, well, the autumn flu, it is seasonal, and you told how this happens, but in the spring there is also a season of respiratory diseases, this this is also the flu or the flu does not happen in the spring or some other viruses, and the flu also happens in the summer in isolated cases, that is, it’s as if someone came anyway, brought something, but as a rule , that’s what concerns... denovirus infection and respiratory sensitial virus, they just accompany the influenza epidemic , it appears right at the end, that is , well, yes, we once conducted such an experiment with the first infectious diseases hospital and we had patients diagnosed with influenza who were hospitalized there yes they took samples of nasal swabs and planted them in chicken embryos, isolated viruses, it turned out that in sixty

there... but maybe now we’ll start, because i know that the central institute of epidemiology, they can now do anything against everything very quickly within a period of time there literally hours there or days there are these tests, but they just need to be introduced, because in every clinic there should be an opportunity to perform this test, and why, if, as far as i understand, most of these respiratory diseases have some very common

syndromes and can be treated somehow. influenza can be distinguished from other respiratory diseases, an experienced doctor will do this, because there is a difference in temperature, yes, there it is much higher, because it proceeds, where it begins, either with death or coughing, that is, for example, at adenovirus infection, sometimes this cough remains for another month, but a person cannot get rid of it, but if it is the flu, then there is a special one?

the race, yes, who will win, uh, it will continue all the time, what can we expect in the spring, good weather in the spring, but the main thing to remember is that in the summer the time for intestinal infections will come, because all

the conditions will be created for them, yes, these are viral infections tirus and bacterial, not only viral, there are several there, there are noraviruses, yes, for example, there are rotaviruses, rotaviruses. it’s still difficult to do as such a classic example of seasonality, because people actually get sick in the winter, it’s just always more in the summer, because the conditions, again, are created for all these viruses, that is, we... forget , that you should only use proven, good water, yes, many people complain, when you go to some country, it’s mandatory when there is ice water there, yes, you seem to take the water from a bottle there, yes, it’s from this yourself,

and the ice you scoop up is not clear what it’s made of, yes, there are many cases when a person becomes infected with an intestinal infection precisely from the untested water from which this ice is made. or the products are the same, people travel on trains, stop at stations, they sell some, yes, some pies, some others, which, yes, is always very tasty, yes, but not always tested, and since in the summer yes, and bacteria viruses do not multiply much faster, and the amount of this pathogen that a person consumes is much greater, yes, than in winter, and it is already it is enough for the infection to spread very quickly and cause severe problems. seasonality. that is, the flu is in a sense an exception, it turns out that seasonality is not because bacteria or viruses come to us or leave us, but simply our behavior changes with the seasons and the temperature changes, which means, for example, the rate of spread of infection

or the survival rate of the virus is everything this is a physical and chemical process, in general, well, a population social process, we ourselves control the season, in general, yes, and then yes it passed, but people got sick, but in the end who was vaccinated, who?

here cellular immunity is formed in the same way as it seems with covid it also exists, but it is short-term, that is, it seems

to work for several years, and then not, but with rotoviruses, adenoviruses - it’s a similar story, that’s why every summer we have there will be intestinal infections, but then there are a lot of them, there are a lot of adenoviruses, a lot of rotaviruses, yes... that is, if a person gets sick with one, he can then get sick with another, that is, there are a huge number of them, we know no more than 10-15% all the viruses that surround us. which we forgot about, it has returned, as

if it’s happening now, all over the world, or is it some kind of man-made thing that someone there will prepare for us in their laboratory, from here, in my opinion, it follows that we need to be prepared , yes, yes, of course, we need to study viruses, learn to live with them and generally treat nature with care, because we climb into it, eat whatever we get, and these animals.

hello everyone, this is tatyana gevarkyan and no, today we transformed our studio to a blooming laboratory, we will study alphatexture art, what it is, we will figure it out together with perfumers, kirill khaikin and polina kazakova, what this is... there must certainly be talent at the core, or at least some kind of inclination or love for perfumery and interest, but is there a need for some kind of heightened sense of smell, the sense of smell is trained, it’s like a big muscle, alfactorial memory is trained and the sense of smell is trained, if an ordinary person can listen to three or four notes and his nose gets tired, then a perfumer can listen, well, 8-10 hours. day and his nose trained, and of course you need to learn this,

i studied myself, i studied for a long time, this process is definitely long, i’m still learning, i think every perfumer learns throughout his life, by the way, i wanted to add that it’s never too late to start studying perfumery, because essentially our olfactory bulb is the center of the brain that analyzes aromas, it develops throughout life, that is , you can improve your sense of smell at the age of 20 at 60, but how did you even understand that this is interesting to you, why? started in 2018 i wanted to create my own perfume brand, before that i was a marketer, i worked in marketing for 10 years, and after looking at the shelf, i realized that there were no russian perfume brands in stores that could compete with foreign ones, i looked for perfumers all over russia, i realized that there were none, and decided to become a perfumer myself, i studied at the graz institute of perfumery, this is a course that allows you to learn the basics, further, as kirila said in france. yes, but as kirill said, it’s true that a perfumer

must constantly improve his knowledge, study, study, it’s like an architect, for example, if you graduated from an architectural institute, you first need to build something small, bigger, bigger, bigger, and at the end of your career, you can only do some global things, well, i went into the perfumery of the country of chemistry, that is, i researched the compositions fragrances, i've seen a lot of these compositions and learned how to make them myself, that is , this is what i like about perfumery because you invent your own science, you yourself... develop your own thinking, and no one can instill it in you, only it is yours. since 2024, together with the mendeleev russian chemical technology university, and we we are developing a program that will produce perfumers, technologists, perfume and cosmetic production, it will be a two-year master's program, that is, it will be a master's program that will train a chemist, technologist who can create formulas for perfume, candles, home fragrance and any other products. adapt her, she will be a full-fledged specialist, and it’s very good that she

is participating in this, because our school of profimerics was completely destroyed in the soviet union, and is now gradually developing again. i i recently spoke with a chemist who, back in soviet times, it turns out, pentacanalite musk was made in russia, they transferred it to france, this formula, this is a very expensive musk, it turns out that it was invented in russia, in general, in principle... here there was an institute for the synthesis of chemical substances, aromatic substances, and how the process of creating fragrances occurs, it’s like a chemical laboratory where you sit, mix a... aromas, or you get some kind of inspiration when you walk through the market with spices, where these flavors are mixed with the aroma of flowers, and you think, well, this is the very aroma that i want to recreate, or is it pure chemistry, no, the aroma begins with an idea, so - after the idea appears,

there is also inspiration, even from the oriental spice market or travel or the sea , a salty sea wave can just give you this... you select a certain component for each aroma that you have in the perfume composition that you want to hear, create this formula, catch the balance when you hear that here i come precisely to this sea wave, these stones heated in the sun, they smell like that, that’s when the idea was realized, that is, perfume begins with an idea, sometimes the idea can change, that’s... there’s nothing terrible about it, it can come during the creation of perfume, another idea, here, but they are taken from some different places and in a completely random order, but really like perfumers, this is art, this is not science and uh, in no case is it science, but this is how i feel it is very difficult for an ordinary person to understand, for example, as polina said, i want to recreate the aroma

of salt water of stones heated by the sun, this is, for example, from what you brought, what you used, well, for example, we take mineral notes. this aroma alone will not convey the full picture, of course, here you need to add citruses and in order to feel the explosion of this wave, it’s like a sea breeze . but if you add it, for example, the same ambraxane or citrus notes, then when combined together, they will give the feeling of this breeze or heated stones the sun, here is catambraxane, in fact, it adds a feeling of air to the sea, a feeling of salt together, ambraxane is something that

is used in perfumery as an addition, yes, to reveal, well, it can also serve as an addition, that is, as a functional note, and ... it is in almost all perfumes , and also take this strange thing, this is something very strange, this is just adaksal , this is salt water, here, take also citrus notes, this is clementine, clementine essential oil , this is how a perfumer works, we take several blotters and put them together we understand how it sounds in that side we go or not, if not, it is necessary to replace the component. as if the aroma is as if someone died at sea, that is , let's reanimate some dead animal into the feeling of ozone of a thunderstorm, this is a colony of florals, no, i'm doing it, i'm doing

flowers, this is floral, and here it is yes this is yes, this can be put here and maybe, we don’t know, we can’t say in advance. wait, this dead meat is some kind of doxal that is used in microconcentration, now we have torn off half of it, move it to long-range, you can even use one finger, that is, this is what is called, as there are predominant notes, yes, dominant ones, and there are such secondary ones, yes, but this does not mean that they are not the main ones in their role, they are all together, that is, maybe... a fragrance can be created, take flowers, amproxan is the same, some leather notes, but if you want to add a little saltiness or minerality, a microdose, there is a percentage of the aroma, some kind of aldehyde or something else is added some aromas that permeate this perfume.