was it psychologically difficult? no, it wasn’t hard, i was ready for it, and the only thing that was really hard for me was saying goodbye to my beloved teacher, olga nikolaevna moiseeva, she had already passed away, but at that moment it was such a close family for me the person, that is, this is the teacher who made me into a ballerina, all the ballerina’s parts, she passed everything on to me, she was a student, vaganova, that is, she told me so much, she showed me everything so well, we’re just always on tour were next to her, well, a very close and dear person to me, and the only thing, probably, at that moment i was very worried and regretted that i was parting with her, not because i was leaving the marinsky theater, i had a big international career, i danced in many theaters around the world, it’s just that all the doors were open, and i was invited a lot, that’s why... but i already had

such experience of working alone, i come, see my partner for the first time, and we start rehearsing, work, getting used to each other, well, that is, this is also a whole, well, this is such a kitchen, i was always surprised how two completely unfamiliar dancers, a ballerina and a dancer, meet for the first time, often you don’t even know each other, after 2 days you are dancing about love, how is this possible, yeah yeah yeah. well, now, i’ve already gone through all this, i was already a fairly experienced ballerina and independent, so - probably, at that moment i was ready to move to the big theater, the only thing is that if you rewind my life , then from my first appearance at the marinsky theater, 3 months have passed, and i the first invitation came from the bolshoi theater, yes, yes, yes, yes, that is, the first i mean - i didn’t give my consent. only

the fourth time i gave my consent, each of my visits to moscow on tour brought with it an invitation to me to the bolshoi theater, when anatoly gennadivich oksanov invited me for the fourth time, for which i was very grateful to him and promised support and care, in general, well , everything, everything, everything, he fulfilled everything for me, fulfilled everything, yes, yes, yes, and i really was like god in his bosom, for me then at that moment it was the main thing is that i can continue freely.

that, in principle, i began to think about children after my daughter was born, yeah, that’s when you become a mother, that’s when a woman becomes a mother, her many priorities change, this happened to me, too, when you this little miracle appears in your hands, your dearest, and you understand that your performances, your rehearsals, this whole world career,

are for children, so little is done for children, namely the dance festival, it turned out that in our country we held a festival not only for professional children, there were professional performances there, but there were a lot of performances by groups that, well, let’s say, do more for themselves, that is, for many children this is not a future profession, this is not an artist or ballet , well, in our country there turned out to be so many amazing, interesting choreographic groups... they are different,

i don’t know how many, but we got to the point where we had festivals somewhere in one festival, something like 500 children came and with all corners of ours. country, it was an amazing action, but at that moment i somehow realized that children need to be helped, why they are engaged in choriographic groups in order to get on stage, and i offered them more, it’s all charitable, the festival took itself and arrival, accommodation, food, everything, everything, everything, and children from different cities of russia, they flew on trains, rode in buses, went to moscow, in luzhniki - we held this wonderful event, that is, for them it is also a journey, it is it's an adventure for them, yes, this was also a very important event for me, but when i was offered to become the artistic director of the educational

program in sirius in the direction of choreography, here i, of course , began to work more closely with professional children, children, well, as a rule, who study in professional choreographic . school, and this is somewhere from 11 to 18 years old, 19, just like that, they come, that is, including final courses, yes, final courses, which during the year, well, they can come too, children come throughout the year in groups, classes, and in the summer i once did such an experiment, i invited the children themselves, everyone from all over, but precisely those who study at a professional choreographic school to apply on their own, so this... it worked out very well, now, in the summer, children have more opportunities to come to the center, and i am putting together a unique teaching staff, they work with children from completely different schools, this may be, listen, such a mixture of schools, but this, this is the most

important thing, this is really amazing an advantage, because when you study at the eifman academy or the moscow academy, you don’t have the same opportunity to study with teachers? from the neighboring one, yes, you just named these academies, these are the best, yes, moscow, st. petersburg, but here children study, they come to programs from saratov, from krasnoyarsk, from novosibirsk, from ufa, this is a large number completely different children, sometimes you have to refuse them, yes, there is still some kind of limit on the number, well - yes, yes, yes, yes, of course, there somewhere it turns out that there are three or four people per place based on requests, but you know, we work for results, each shift ends with a large grandiose holoconcert, each program, well, it’s more correct to say, children, all these 25 days there, which are in

sirius , they are preparing for it, they are preparing for the concert, they are learning a new repertoire, new variations, some, we have very great ... master classes in modern choreography, the children really like to study with teachers in modern choreography and for they specially put on beautiful numbers, and the children take duet dance courses, i invite teachers, i really like to invite even artists who still dance, but who can work well with children, and the children are also interested in this, not just a teacher, not just a teacher , and in front of them stands a star.

communication from parents, from teachers who wrote and said: the child returned as a different person. the theater podcast and i, its host anton getman, are on air, we continue the conversation with the prima ballerina of the bolshoi theater svetlana zakharova. i know you're pretty you have been experimenting with neoclassical productions for a long time, i know that choreographers create works especially for you, you... ask to license some works of choreographers that you like, that’s what concerns modern dance, so you look in this direction, modern dance is present in my creative career, well , literally from the first years of work in the theater, because then john neumeier, and

william forsythe, and balonchin appeared, although today it is a classic, but at the time when i was. to learn this, not only did we start not just to learn this, we tried to dance better than in the original, it had to be, that is, we added so much of our own there, i don’t want to say that we changed the choreography, but we decorated it with our presence, that’s why yes, i always have this it was interesting, of course, when you are a beginning young ballerina, your priority is the classics, to gain a repertoire, well, to gain.

when you have already danced 13 different editions of swan lake around the world, when you have danced 10 or how many editions there, not performances, but different editions of beiderka, giselle, completely with some strange sometimes ideas of the choreographer about what should happen, and you understand that this, well, another version i’m dancing with, you begin to look for something new for yourself, and new is modern . strange, because despite the fact that in moscow, if we talk only about moscow, although this can be said

about the whole of russia, modern dance over the past 20 years has been presented in such quantities and in such a variety that i think that it can outweigh any central european country, however modern dance is not yet such a serious phenomenon in the theatrical context of moscow, st. petersburg, although... in moscow there is a group, a professional group of modern dance , ballet moscow, for example, but nevertheless , this is still a very unstable territory, why do you think? well, it’s all about the choreographers, i think we took a lot from the west and studied and did not raise our own choreographers, well, we have, of course, boris yakovich eifman, with his own theater, we have the amazing yuri posokhov, like this so...

yes, well, that is, you have to take risks, yes, i think you have to take risks, and where does

a choreographer come from if he has no practice, and you argue with choreographers who do something for you, no, i i don’t argue, sometimes i’m yura posokhov, our amazing choreographer, who has staged a lot of performances in the big theater, every time he, and he can literally choreograph so many movements in just a few bars of music that you stand there and... you think it’s me, i tell him so, it’s impossible to do, but he says: you always say that, and then you do it, well, that’s about the maximum of my arguments with choreographers, that at first i’m afraid, and then when it all comes into their movement, coordination into the body, where it already seems that it was possible to stage the most , light, tell me, do you see yourself as a teacher, i will say this, i like to correct when i come to sirius, i like working with children. i like to build a system that they

have to learn something, i can hold rehearsals, there teachers ask me for opinions, ask for any comments, as soon as i get to work, of course, as a professional i see a lot and see the potential in children, i want to improve it, but as a teacher, as my future profession, i don’t see this yet, tell me, with this workload? crazy, you still have time for life, for your family, my family, it was originally created this way, it so happened that my husband, vadim repin, is a violinist, sometimes it seemed to me that there was even more of him. there is no time at home than me, so he came, even here i am in milan, there in paris, somewhere else, he, when he has for several days, he always came there, or to moscow, naturally, then our daughter, anechka, was born, at first we took her there with us until school age, my mother traveled with me all the time, vadim flew

to where we were, that is, we were a family all the time, when you are on tour, everything is somehow easier and simpler, because you in the morning... went to class, rehearsed, the second half of the day, you have free time, you walk with your family, everything is wonderful, in general, our family, it was somehow created in this way, that from the first day of my acquaintance with vadim, we, that is , it was clear that we cannot, let’s say, be under the same roof every day, well, even so, because everyone has big schedules, i remember, we open we check our schedule, and i had it... because i saw that vadim’s schedule did not have the opportunity to fly to moscow for at least one day during the month, but somehow god ordered everything so that it doesn’t matter somewhere somewhere he somehow escaped and we still spent time together, and what i want to say is that in our basically, now my anyuta, she does professional rhythmic gymnastics and

spends all day in the training room, so i’ll be honest, we meet either in the morning or in the evening. svetochka, you have an absolutely incredible career. on the one hand, it consists of some accidents, but if you look back, these accidents, of course, all line up into a pattern. i am eternally grateful to you for coming. you are, of course, a real hard worker, and i think your stellar career is absolutely deserved, because this is something that you certainly, with very... hard work, deserve, thank you very much, thank you, it was a theater podcast and i, its host anton getman, my guest was the prima barelina of the bolshoi theater svetlana zakharova,

times when our first satellite was launched. naturally, i don’t remember, as for gagarin’s flight, i have a very vivid impression of it from childhood, it was, of course, complete delight, but then very few realized that, in general, this, uh, space is a kind of side effect from the arms race and from military rocket science, because if this had not happened, there would have been no space, here it must be said first of all that the new ... era began in august of forty-five, the nuclear era, the united states had a monopoly on the atomic bomb, and this, of course , made the world very unstable, and of course, no one in the united states expected that the soviet union would be able to create a nuclear bomb in 1949, go into space, and on october 4 , 1957, launching the first satellite, this is how this race in space developed , we

let's talk today. hello, this is a historical podcast russia-west on a swing. history, pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov are with you, and today we’ll talk about how the space confrontation between the united states and the soviet union developed. in 1947, the cold war had already flared up, but the first shadows between the allies in the anti-hitler coalition had, of course, fallen earlier. the usa and great britain were afraid of the spread of leftist ideas, the influence of the soviet union, which was truly enormous after the victory over germany, there staling.

but only in august of the forty-fifth year, after kheroshima and nagasaki, they began to allocate truly large funds for this, the deputy chairman of the state defense committee, it is important to say that the state defense committee is during the war the highest authority in the ussr, that is, not the politburo, namely the state defense committee, the state defense committee, and so the deputy chairman of the state defense committee, the chairman was stalin, the deputy was beria, lavrenti pavelovich beria becomes the curator of the atomic project, scientifically its curator there was, of course, kurchatov. and in 1949, the soviet nuclear bomb, thanks to the efforts of both intelligence and the amazing inhuman efforts of soviet physicists. the nuclear bomb was tested and the united states' monopoly on nuclear weapons ended. another problem arose: how to deliver nuclear charges to enemy territory. with the help of aircraft, the air defense system

can deal with them, either high-altitude fighters or ground-based air defense systems. accordingly, other delivery methods are needed, especially to the soviet union, considering that if american planes could be based on the borders of the soviet union, then purely geographically our planes could be based on the borders of the united states. they could, we didn’t have nato, and there were no allies near the united states either. and here it must be said that the most advanced country that developed rocket technology until 1945 was germany. well, yes, of course, the famous fao, fao, the first cruise missile - fao-1, ​​the world's first ballistic missile, fao-2. long-range ballistic missile. moreover, the germans also created a guided anti-aircraft missile. the vaserfall, which they developed, was brought to the level of mass production, but they simply did not have time to launch this mass production, because soviet troops had already arrived in germany, already at the end of the second world war, the united states

and the soviet union were very interested in capturing these german developments, they knew about them, of course, in this story of the seizure of german developments on the palm , the americans, of course, were in the palm, they had a special program, which was called the paperclip for the seizure of german scientists, german technologies. thousands of german scientists, engineers, and technicians were transferred through this operation at various times, during the forties and early fifties , to the united states, and of course, the main acquisition here was the surrendered american, the conscious surrender of the american on may 2 , 1945, werner von braun, developer fao-2 itself is the father of the american space program. the americans used the project accordingly. srfal and the v-2 project to develop their program, it seemed that they were in a much better position, they had much better starting conditions for the development of rocketry, they only didn’t have one thing, they

didn’t have sergei pavlovich korolev, yes, they didn’t have korolev, but it’s possible the fact that korolev would be doing something else, and not rocket science, because he himself wrote about...

about 24, in fact, after the meeting with tseolkovsky that excited us, my friends and i began active actions and even some practical experiments on missile technology, and in one of the official questionnaires of the year fifty-two, he also writes that from the twenty-ninth year, after meeting sijalkovsky, he began to study special technology. the soviet missile program could theoretically be as good as the german one. it wouldn’t be much behind her if it weren’t for the repressions. back in the thirty-third year, a rocket research institute was founded, in the organization of which mikhail nikolaevich

tukhachevsky helped, who understood that the country needed new technology, and sometimes invested, by the way, in failed projects, but still he very actively supports the development of new technology, but he generally adored everything advanced, so to the military grandfathers, yes, the institute was created, and not without bureaucratic resistance, that was also the case then, tests began rocket projects, and the people who created this atmosphere of creativity in the early thirties, it was amazing, people literally forgot to eat when they launched this soviet rocket program, before the creation of erney, the rocket research and development institute, the group was called tsgirt, the central group for the study of jet propulsion, jet engines, it was created by korolev and on enthusiasm, without a command from above, without encouragement from... when they joined it, they generally

lost in earnings, there were cases that people, as they say, were burned out at work and burned out. friedrich arturovich tsandr, one of the forerunners of astronautics, now his name is practically forgotten, absolutely undeservedly, sandr is a great figure, such a person, a transitional stage from tsulkovsky to the queen, if i may say so to put it mildly, an outstanding engineer, a dreamer, rnii was just launching the first project of his rocket in the year thirty-three, the kebalchi there really dreamed of space. during the times of the people's will, tsilkovsky, but here it is important to say that the chance to realize this dream appeared only after the revolution, after the state began to mobilize these talented people in order to discover the unknown, this is the craving for the unknown, this is of course the atmosphere also in the thirties, it will be there later, yes, but without this enthusiasm, human enthusiasm, the creation of rocket technology would have been impossible in our country, everything

was not entirely smooth at the rocket institute,

the beginning of the space race and its end are assessed differently, by the way, the space race is by analogy with the arms race, in general a term that appeared , well, some believe that it all started, the race began with the launch of the first satellite by the soviet union, but... i remember that in 1947, that is, exactly 10 years before the actual launch of the first satellite at the future kapustin yar cosmodrome in was forty-seventh launched, r1 yes, already 10 years before the launch of the satellite, keldysh calculated all the parameters.

occupation zone, which was engaged in collecting and studying all the developments on missiles, and there was scattered technical documentation, fragments somewhere, we didn’t get a single whole fa2 missile, in august of 1945 , a special firing group was created to organize test launches of missiles, sergei korolev, who had previously worked in sharashka, at the sharashka aircraft engine plant in kazan, was at the head of it for the first time, he was brought to germany, he began to understand there, even

while he was a prisoner. uh, and there , korolev came to one test of the missiles that the germans were conducting, but so that he would not be identified, so that he was too competent a technical person, he came there under the guise of a driver, interesting, that is, they tried to deceive the americans a little. so, when it became clear that we would not find the entire fa 2, we began to restore it and restored it. ussr minister of armaments dmitry fedorovich ustinov approved the creation of two institutes - northausen, ballistic missiles and berlin - all other missiles. and in them. german specialists whom we managed to capture worked for the soviet union, while in germany, about 500 technicians and engineers agreed to work, we even managed to lure some from the american occupation zone, in particular specialists in automatic control systems helmut grettup, kurt magnus, hans hokha, and a special nii was created, nii 88, where korolev became the head of the department, and then the famous okb number one was created from it, this is the

same thing... his thirst to create a rocket, including a rocket and a military one, and at the same time in order to go into space, this thirst remained, but if it weren’t for this thirst for the unknown, nothing would have worked out, of course, well, it should also be noted that in general this space race of the cold period war, it was of course important from the point of view of scientific and technological progress, but it was...

to catch up and then overtake the soviet union. well, back in the time of esenhaur, it means that a law on education for the needs of national defense was adopted, designed to encourage obtaining education in strategically important areas of science, and the famous nasa, an office known to all of us, was organized. we have it in ’57, and they have also started on february 1, 1958. finally managed to launch their first satellite explorer 1, the first living creature put into orbit, precisely into orbit, this is not a jump back into orbit, it was a laika on november 3

, 1957, a descent module - this was already the next stage in development, so to speak, astronautics, so she played a crucial role, but nevertheless return her to earth then it's possible. it almost hasn’t happened yet, but everyone remembers the squirrel and the arrow, yes, but they forget about the husky, and even more so everyone forgets about the dezik and the gypsy, on july 22 , 1951, they jumped like this, they were launched, they were the first for the first time living beings who have overcome the so-called karman line, this is a line of 100 km, the surface of the earth, they have reached 110 km, that is, this is not space yet, but nevertheless this is already a big step towards it, it was the fifty-first year, both came back, but at the next start. dezik died, and the gypsy became king after that i was very upset, the gypsy was not allowed anywhere after that, but the dog was angry and even once bit one general who treated her disrespectfully. when they were preparing to launch the satellite, when

they were discussing what would happen in space, then pyotr leonidovich kopitsa said accordingly: “you know what, i don’t know what will happen there, but if there is an opportunity to break into space, it must be done.” . professionalism, then this of course drives him out if he feels like he doesn’t care and doesn’t like himself. it has a great feeling responsibility, masculine charm and masculine self-confidence, this man lifts dumbbells every morning.

this is a historical podcast russia west on the swing of history, we are talking about the space race waged by the united states and the soviet union. missile technology appeared in order to carry nuclear warheads, but here is the irony of history, our first ballistic missile, intercontinental, r7, seven, famous, royal. some people write that they wrote and said that it was just fow. there are two connected there, this is complete nonsense, there the design is completely different, uh, of course, based on the fa2, soviet technology developed like american technology, yes, there was a common line here, but the seven was a huge step forward, it

was the first continental missile, but the second one put into service, the americans delivered the first , it was not suitable for military needs, it was too heavy, unbalanced, the accuracy was low, but precisely because it was so heavy, yes, it was able to launch first a satellite, and then... based on it and a person into space, that is, failure in militarily was a success in terms of space. yes, there is a paradox, again remembering the first satellite, but... i must say that it did not exist, well, by today’s standards, for a long time, made 1440 revolutions around the earth, but of course it created a sensation that was simply fantastic and its famous beep signals. most likely, the whole planet listened to the beep, because the impression was simply fantastic, they burst into space, and here i will refer to a memory, i will quote georgy mikhailovich grechko, who... was first an engineer at korolev, and then became an astronaut, was one

of the first civilian cosmonauts, so to speak, not from the air force, but precisely from, so to speak, engineers, grechka wrote, in the next brochure of scientific and technical information that we published regularly, we we read that on the fifth the americans were making a report called a satellite above the planet, and we planned the launch on october 6, we came to korolev, showed him this information, korolev at first said nothing, went out somewhere only then , many years later, buckwheat writes: i... found out that he i contacted the state security committee and asked the question: do they have information that the americans are going to make another attempt to launch their satellite on october 5, otherwise why would they make a report? an answer came from the kgb, just like from the delphic pythia: we have no information that they want to launch a satellite on this day, but we have no information that they do not want to launch a satellite on this day. the answer is just like the greek pythia that gave answers that could be interpreted in any way, and korolev took a risk, he...

he was also a military man and so on, why didn’t you manage to be the first? he replied, they quote: i did not have such a number of highly qualified specialists. the next step was sending a person into space. in the spring of 1960 , 20 people were enrolled in the first cosmonaut corps, then six of them were selected, including gagarin, german titov, andriin nikolaev, pavel popovich, grigory nelyubov and valery bykovsky. they, accordingly , had to pass tests, and those who are now talking about this also do not really understand. about the flight man into space, well, it would seem, yes, he flew into space, there were 108 minutes, just

think, yes, he spun there, yes, everything that was heroic in this, uh, it was 50/50, whether gagarin would survive or not, which should be psychological stability in a person who understood perfectly well that he was taking a risk in which 50x50, you will die or survive, and you will die in some completely inhuman way, 50% of luck is included, for example,

it is important, gagarin did not become arrogant for a second, the memories of many people about him show that this test with copper pipes is actually the most important case when you can pass the test of fire, water, fame and notoriety by power - this is the most terrible test for a person, gagarin passed brilliantly, passed brilliantly, without any arrogance, treated people, and this it was the queen’s choice, because they were arguing about who should fly,

gagarin’s trips were planned by several departments at once, the foreign ministry, the kgb, and the ministry of defense, but only in the spring of sixty-one he already visited czechoslovakia, bulgaria, finland, great britain, poland, cuba, brazil, canada and hungary, in just 3 years

he visited more than 20 countries, and naturally, and naturally, ours really wanted to organize gagarin’s visit. then one day, i think, during a flight, from somewhere somewhere, gagarin gave a press conference for american journalists at the airport, but in principle, well, he was not given the opportunity to visit the usa, but well, to a large extent it was compensated by the absolutely fantastic success that

met gagarin in the uk, the authorities there were also not very keen, but nevertheless... the visit took place, was a huge success, it was greeted by simply huge crowds, and even queen elizabeth ii received it, and i don’t know if these are historical anecdotes or not historical anecdotes, maybe it’s true, but they say that since the crowd was eager to touch gagarin and something there to fuck as a souvenir that gagarin carried with him after this story. when he ceremoniously went somewhere with a box of buttons for his uniform, because fans simply tore the buttons out of his uniform. speaking about gagarin, it must be said that he did not want to be wedding general, he wanted to fly again. and the tragedy associated with his death is largely

due to the fact that he continued to fly, yes, and there was a violation of safety regulations, again there is a conspiracy theory that he died there as a result of someone there who wanted to eliminate him.

for example, he announced the approximate launch date of the first satellite, in 1959 they already presented, well, seven possible future astronauts, they were called the magnificent seven, so to speak, american magazines were happy to publish their biographies, report from their lives and the like, that is, there were two different approaches, one open, the other... the other is hermetically closed and we continue, today the topic of our conversation is the space race, it is worth saying that the americans, having lost the start this space race, then they sharply raised the stakes, so, so to speak figuratively, that is, they announced the preparation

of a lunar program, and this was also announced, what is it worth? to remind you, which many of us somehow forget, even during the inauguration of president kennedy, he actually, well invited the soviet union to participate in this lunar program, he said, we will explore the stars together, and behind this there was a document, and there it was said that as a first step, the usa and the ussr could choose a landing. for scientific purposes, a small group of about three people to the moon, and then return them to earth, well, according to the version that i know, khrushchev is there, protecting some secrets. refused this, they relied on ships like vostok, voskhod, and the

lunar program was postponed; it then also began to be developed with a significant delay from americans, so one of the reasons for our lag in this area is that we have slowed down development, this is one of the versions. developed that his heart couldn’t stand the anesthesia, his heart couldn’t stand it, and there is one version that koroleva’s daughter then had to insert a breathing tube because of problems with

her jaw, she wrote that it was because of the beating during interrogations, well it is unknown whether he died from this, but the fact is that his heart could not stand it, he passed away, in general, at a very young age for a designer, for a person of his stature, 50 years old, korolev - wanted to open space more to the public, excuse me, i remembered, judging by a number of memoirs, which gubarev also wrote about, that the soviet union could not win the lunar race, the resources were incomparable,

it is known that we had a failure with the luna- 8, with a flyby of the moon, an initial failure, then they flew around successfully, but , thank god, they didn’t dare to send a man, because the flyby, yes, because the risk was too high, they were too behind, the americans won the lunar race, although again there is ... conspiracy theories that americans haven’t been to the moon, but not a single person is in the space industry, that ’s just a fact in itself, yes, i’m not even talking about measurements, about the fact that transmissions were caught from there, that signal reflectors from there were recorded by ours, yes, which were not were interested in the advantage of the americans, but there is not a single person in the space program, including among our modern serious people who are involved in astronautics, who would deny the presence of americans on... after the defeat of the soviet union in the lunar there were other projects in the race, and the project of rapprochement in the era of détente was the soyuz

apollo project for docking ships, which was covered in the press and which became a really very important factor in détente during the cold war. speaking of the queen, what was his genius? again, as guborev said, everyone was used to walking up steps, and he jumped over steps, moreover, aware of the risk and aware of the possibilities, he had an amazing instinct, he was not a scientific genius, he was a genius organizer who managed to gather people, who knew how to manage them, who, by the way, which is very important, had intuition, engineering-scientific intuition, they argued, when it was necessary to send a device to the moon, without a person, they argued whether there was dust or a hard surface, they argued, they argued, korolev thought , i thought, different arguments, then i took a piece of newspaper and wrote: “the moon is hard.” well, no one knew whether it was solid or not. korolev.