i didn’t find my own people, because they were all already in hard labor or in exile there, and so on, and perhaps the only person in nikolaev russia with whom he became close friends was alexander sergeevich pushkin, and pushkin dedicated it to him a whole series of very well-known lines, back in the alexander era, mostly, no, well, he went on and on, so to speak, it was a friendship that lasted, here are the well-known, let’s say, lines that are dedicated specifically to... chadaev, pushkin, christomatic, comrade to believe , she will come, the star of captivating happiness, russia will rise from its foundations, our names will be written on the block of autocracy, this is just one of the dedications, so to speak, of the child, in fact, chiodayev’s message, yes, here, speaking of resignation, there is a mysterious story with the resignation, which was discussed about chaadaev’s resignation, her was discussed very strongly in society then, because chiodaev was, despite his youth, he was 23 years old at that moment. he was

very famous in society, well, a bright figure, seryozh, as for age, we forget about the historical context, he became a student at moscow state university at the age of 14, yes, well, first listeners, yes, then students, yes, so 23 years was a lot at that time, in general then people matured much faster than now, this is not bad and not good, it’s just a statement of fact, a statement of facts, so many copies have been broken among. researchers among those among his contemporaries, there were rumors regarding the cause of his resignation, one of the rumors was that he allegedly cared so much about his toilets that he was therefore late, and he was sent there in connection with the news of the uprising of the semyonovsky regiment, and he went to alexander, who at that time was outside the russian border as a courier, who was supposed to report the uprising of the semenovsky regiment, in which his friends did not take part.

decembrists, but future decembrists, but who were actually accused of this, they were then sent to different troops, although this uprising was connected with a very simple thing, arakcheevets was appointed commander of the regiment, such an ardent schwartz, colonel schwartz, who brought the regiment down with his nagging, with their corporal punishments before the uprising practically tortured, i would say tortured punishments, and it must be said that the semenovsky regiment is a guards regiment, in which, in principle, corporal punishment, which was present then in active russia. armies were usually not used, where, of course, veterans of the 1912 war and foreign campaigns served, although they were not accustomed to being ordinary soldiers. so yuri mikhailovich lotman, speaking about the reasons for his resignation, throwing aside all this gossip, it was still one gossip that needs to be mentioned is that he allegedly denounced his comrades, yes, he accused them of the uprising, alexander i, to say, treated this denunciation with contempt, this is absolute gossip, nothing like this happened, it is not based on anything, but was. the story

is really interesting, showing in many ways the character of petriarvich chaadaev in this regard. yuri mikhailovich lotman, our most famous philologist, historian, researcher, interpreted chadayev’s act in such a way that he expressed to alexander his opinion about the reasons for the performance of the semenovsky regiment, mentioning of course, serfdom. at that time in russia , schiller's drama, don carlos, was very popular, in which there is such a marquis pose, an expression, by the way, yes, regarding the pose that can be taken, these are parts from there. is taken, so the marquis poza e speaks to the dictator, the tyrant, the truth in the face, and thanks to this he must become, accordingly, his confidant, in this logic, including literary logic, pyotr yakolevich chiodaev, according to lotman, expressed to alexander, and at the same time, in order to gain alexander’s trust, it was necessary refuse all the awards and honors that he did, abruptly announcing his resignation, but the fact is that alexander... was the first to need

a disinterested confidant, but he already had arakcheev in the role of such a confidant at the time when, by the way, , alexander noticed that his close one, whom... he trusts in something selfish, yes, really noticed, then he instantly distanced himself from the royal trust, but there was a different story: alexander did not tolerate people who argued with him, and chiodaev tried to act as a critic and, accordingly, here his career inevitably had to end, and there was also an element of humiliation in this sense, because when chiadaev was dismissed, he was dismissed in the same rank, usually they were given higher ranks, but he... was dismissed in the same rank of rotmister, uh, in addition, they illustrated his letter to his aunt, who cared very much about him, looked after him very much, chayadai’s parents died early, and he wrote to her, and this letter was opened, it was later found among the rearranged papers in the royal chancellery, i considered more

it’s funny to neglect this favor than to achieve it, it was pleasant for me to express disdain for people who disdain everyone, it’s even more pleasant for me in this case to see the malice of an arrogant fool, right? this was re-illustrated, reported to the emperor, well, with the ensuing consequences, including, well , if we talk about chaodayev’s views, then of course they are absolutely unique, a figure in this history of russian thought, this is not even a current, this is some kind of pole, causing such heavy magnetic storms, here it is, it seems that he did everything possible so that his compatriots, so to speak, would not fall in love with him. here he was a student of european philosophy, to a large extent , a mystical philosopher, he also argued with westerners, he argued more or less correctly, and as for the slavophiles, or, more precisely, the emerging slavophilia, because

it was just emerging then, and in many ways he contributed, that is, gave rise to the antipodes, so to speak, just like this, this current. chadayeva: in moscow every foreigner is taken to see the big cannon, the big bell, a cannon that could not be fired, and a bell that fell before it could ring. an amazing city where the sights are ridiculous, or maybe it's big.

very few people knew about them, because they were not published, but circulated in lists, but it was a kind of publishing house at that time, so to speak, that’s why some kind of intellectual elite, the courtiers too, probably read all this before, but the bomb exploded in 1936, when these philosophical letters were published in the magazine telescope.

a slap in the face, and this of course was a very loud slap in the face, in general, our compatriots had never received this before, and the most serious thing, probably, was that if chodaev had written only about the nikolaev era, he had criticized it, well, probably many would understand this, the meaning is so deep , this is what i just quoted, this fragment is wider, of course, it is of course wider, he writes this, this is a criticism of the past , the present, the future itself, if russia is not able to progress, then on the future is still the same.

by the way, to write, no literary and scientific event has produced such a huge impact. for about a month there was hardly a house in the whole of moscow in which they did not talk about the chaodayev story. even complete ignoramuses, barons, officials who drowned in embezzlement and bribery, half-crazed saints, young fatherland lovers and old patriots, all united in one common thing. a cry of curses and contempt for a person who dared to insult

russia, and there is a lot of similar evidence, that is, in other words, well, this cry, but here screams, which means that it turns out that the authorities, in fact, the public, were screaming in unison. with us, if a guest comes unexpectedly, they will not keep him in the hallway, finding out why he came without an invitation. we will feed him without asking him at all whether he wants to eat or not. premiere, mikhail zadornov, on russia day on the first. an endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity is carried out in our program, we will see everything on the screen, this is the most modern ent method for examining a patient and , of course, we will tell you a lot of important things, interesting, because the program is to live healthy. enlightens helps, on thursday on the first, i feel like a happy

person when my loved ones are with me and when everything is fine with them, and we spend common evenings playing board games, when i am... next to my sister, the main happiness is my family , and we say hello to everyone to our grandparents and sisters, brothers, many thanks to my parents for raising me, making me a real person, what makes me happy is the health of my loved ones, not only my loved ones, everyone around me, and this is very it’s important, i want our country to be great, i love my country, i’m proud of it and i wish...

pereklez, and here he is a hussar officer. this was written early, you already quoted the letter to chiodaev, he has more than one message to chaadayev, this is such a part of a humorous epigram, but pushkin in april of the thirty-sixth year after the publication of the letter wrote a critical response to chiodaev, where he analyzed it in sufficient detail, he wrote it himself , which turned out to be a huge letter, examines his point of view. i will not quote this letter in full, although it is very worth reading, because from my point of view, alexander sergeevich is here, from the point of view. historical authenticity, not only from my point of view, he was more right, of course, than pyotr yakovlevich,

he writes, as for thoughts, you know that i do not agree with you on everything, there is no doubt that the schism of the division of churches isolated us from the rest of europe, that we did not take part in any of the great events that shocked it, but we had our own special purpose, this russia, this vast space, absorbed mongol invasion, the tatars did not dare to cross our western borders, leaving us in the rear, they retreated to their tatar deserts. meaning, and christian civilization was saved, to achieve this goal we had to lead a completely special existence, which, leaving us christians, made us, however, completely alien to the christian world, so that by our martyrdom... ah, my friend, is it jesus christ was not born a jew, and wasn’t jerusalem a byword among the nations? isn’t it less amazing that we took the gospel from the greeks?

the gospel and tradition, but the spirit of childish pettiness, but not the spirit of childish pettiness and word disputes, that is, it is here too. denies chiodaev that he was right, and he did not limit himself to criticizing chaadaev before peter’s story, and he writes: as for our historical insignificance, i absolutely cannot agree with you, the soldiers of oleg and svyatoslav, even appanage strife, isn’t that the kind of life full of ebullient expressions of ardent and aimless activity, which characterizes the youth of all peoples. the tatar invasion is sad and a great spectacle, the awakening of russia, the development of its power, its movement towards unity, towards russian unity, of course. both ivans, the majestic drama that began in uglich, is all this really not history, but just a pale , half-forgotten dream, and peter the great, who is one whole story, and catherine ii, who placed russia on the threshold of europe, and alexander, who brought you. i am far from delighted with everything that i see around me, how writers irritate me, as a person with prejudices i am offended, this is to say about modernity. but i swear on my honor, for nothing

in the world would i want to change my fatherland to have another history other than the history of our ancestors, as god gave it to us. and the lines are actually brilliant, and here it is ultimately difficult to disagree with pushkin, there is such a point of view that what he wrote, these philosophical letters, calls it a kind of intellectual provocation, well, in fact, probably so it is, it happened, it happened, although i think that many were irritated by precisely what they understood perfectly well. what, well, i don't know this is not, they called him crazy, but this is not some kind of statement by some holy fool, as in the old days, and this is not some kind of public outrage, the fact of the matter is that this was written absolutely seriously , these are such hard-won thoughts,

the potential that exists is very important here, and russia has enormous potential, therefore... summed up the scandal, taking into account the painful state of the unfortunate man, the government, in its care, orders him not to leave the house to provide him with free medical benefits, in in general, he was under this house arrest, he was allowed out only for one walk every day, and so he was forbidden

to write and leave the house, this continued for a whole year. chiodaev, the philosopher, yes, from that chadaev they also tried to treat him there, cast out demons from him and so on, but from chadaev the philosophers also, of a kind, suspected him of being demonic, so to speak, and they also

tried in their own way to drive these out of him demons the greatest shock is with the reading public, with nikolai himself, there... just like individuals, i’ll note in parentheses that he considered the moral law to be the main thread of the development of society and, in general, his philosophical letters are letters about the philosophy of history, first of all, and this philosophy of history in chiodaev is completely religious, that is , the moral law, the gospel law, but it is realized in history, in this sense it is reminds a little... of late schelling, probably, but these are different, other details, they are raised by centuries, as people are raised by years, about us it can be said that we constitute, as it were, an exception among peoples, we belong to those of them who, like ... would not be part of the human race, but exists only to teach a great lesson to the world, i will then very often quote these glories in different contexts, opponents of the bolsheviks,

disillusioned with russia because of the october revolution, will call this lesson to the world here is the october revolution, to quote chaodayev, in turn, critics of the tsarist regime will use this phrase in order to strengthen their arguments criticizing the autocracy and so on... a very quotable phrase, but often taken out of context, but the point is the fact that chadaev really puts the west, namely europe, at the center of the world, it is precisely this fragment that chiodaev will later refuse in his apology for a madman, which, unfortunately, none of the readers of the philosophical letter, the first philosophical letter published in the telescope magazine, read. it is important to say here that chiadaev’s legacy is not limited to the first philosophical letter, they know him first of all, but there were... much more of them, there were eight of them, plus there were a number of apologies for a madman unpublished articles, they very gradually reached the reading public. in the second

letter, for example, chiodaev developed the idea of ​​​​the superiority of catholicism over orthodoxy further; this letter would probably have outraged, maybe even no less than the first. he builds a philosophy of history, as i already said, a completely religious philosophy of history, in one of the letters, in my opinion, uh, in my opinion, in my opinion, in the sixth letter he contrasts. aristotle epicurus, speaking of aristotle as from the child of darkness, and epicurus materialist, despite the fact that he himself is a religious thinker, chiodaev, to a large extent a religious thinker, yes, he elevates the materialists of epicurus to the peedistal, only here it is necessary to note that epicureus does not mean epicureanism, epicureus himself has a very relative relation to epicureanism, since epicurus considered the highest joys for a person to be aesthetic pleasure, not bodily pleasure, and bodily pleasure is hedonism. and non-bakery, and epicurus rather condemned this, and so, again, a contradiction, this letter too it was not known, on the basis,

the interesting question here is how chiodayev’s letters reached the reading public, on the basis of those copies of philosophical letters that , as you said, were distributed to the reading public in the then samizdat, only in the sixty-second year was the first published, sixth and eighth philosophical letters in french... catherine the great did not hide her desire to transfer the throne to her eldest grandson alexander, bypassing her unloved son pavel petrovich. but it turned out differently: the future emperor joined

conspiracy against paul. so the shadow of his father's murder will haunt him until his last day. he will spend a quarter of a century on the throne and will go down in history as the blessed alexander, reformer, favorite of the people, savior of the fatherland. banoparte's victorious march across europe is steady. troops to defend the fatherland and freedom. empire, alexander i. premiere. on the first day of russia. the russian flag is over 300 years old.

it was founded by peter ii. january 20, 1705. the arrangement of stripes on the flag then explained the structure of the world. in the west there is a single-headed eagle, in the east - two-headed. it expresses a symphony between the power of the people of color. spiritual power, symbols of russia. the medal is a gold star, the hero of the russian federation inherits the traditions of the gold star of the hero of the soviet union. suorov, kutuzov, alexander nevsky, orders named after all these people appeared. each order has its own motto, and the motto of the order is for services to the fatherland, benefit, honor , glory. russian awards. june 12, on the first. ya. we expected this, they did not expect, a certain victor louis, a citizen of the ussr, we led him, an unremarkable figure, never, nothing,

nowhere, journalist. the unofficial voice of the kremlin during the times of leonid brezhny. i read your sensational material about the change of russian leadership. it's amazing. what kind of connection do you have there in the kremlin? my neighbor works in the kremlin as a janitor. the man of mystery behind the most notorious events of the era. so who will print them? well, there’s no one here, but i could transport them to the west, where they ’ll be torn off with their hands. people have the right to know the truth.

presented to the great people, whose entire guilt ultimately boiled down to the fact that it was thrown to the extreme edge of all civilizations of the world. finally, perhaps, it was an exaggeration to be saddened, even for a moment, for the fate of the people from whose depths came the powerful nature of peter the great, the all-encompassing mind of lomonosov and the graceful genius of pushkin. the comrade has reconsidered his views a little, that's for sure.

“you know, i hold the view that russia is called to an immense intellectual task, its task is to give in due time a solution to all issues that are arousing controversy in europe, that is, in my opinion, this is exactly the opposite of what was written, so and in the first philosophical letter, perhaps this, by the way, explains why it was written." perhaps, perhaps, although i repeat that as a result, yes, it was a kind of intellectual provocation, it served as an impetus for the development of russian, so to speak, thought , political, social and so on, because this witticism, especially, yes, not only the text itself, not the thought itself, even this kind of blow to the death was,

yes, without...

that russia is still before everything belongs to the west, what the east has, i quote, has its own history, having nothing in common with ours, it is characterized, as we have just seen, by a fruitful idea, which at one time determined the enormous development of the mind and which used to have its purpose with amazing power, but which is no longer destined to appear again on the world stage, having in view of placing the spiritual principle in the foreground. by the way, chaadaev was also mistaken about the world stage, since now in the 20th century we see that the east, china first of all, is showing a new round of its development, and chiodaev, of course, overestimated the colonial the successes of europe, yes, the decline of the east, having decided that this was a constant, yes, he was also mistaken here. but on the other hand, who can see the truth one and a half hundred years in advance, but chiodaev, in his apology, directly wrote about his tasks. i only said, i only repeat, that it is time to take a clear look at our past and not in order to extract from it old healed relics, old ideas absorbed by time,

old antipathies, which the common sense of our sovereigns and the people themselves have long since done away with. but in order to find out how we should relate to our past, that ’s actually why he probably wrote, that’s exactly what i tried to do in the work as... which remained unfinished to which the article is so strange, how strange, some kind of self-irony, perhaps, that hurt our national vanity was supposed to serve as a vision, without a doubt there was impatience in her expressions, harshness in her thoughts, but the feeling that permeates the entire passage is not at all hostile to the fatherland, this deep feeling of our infirmities, expressed with pain, with grief, only, that is, this is not what , that he takes back his words, but he admits that he, one might say, went too far. with harshness, of course, i went too far, you can call it an explosion, you can call it an intellectual provocation, whatever you want, in this case hercin was right, who, therefore, compared - this

publication with this a shot in the night, so he wrote that a shot rang out on this dark night, whether he was drowning, heralding his death, whether it was a signal, a call for help, news about butri or that he would not be there, it doesn’t matter it was necessary to wake up, well, if we talk about the majority, then of course this shot, so to speak, woke up everyone, but at the same time, everyone woke up, simply cursed the culprit, so to speak, of the noise scandal on the street, and then again the average person fell asleep. osip mandanstam compared the trace left by chaadaev with the trace of glass that a diamond leaves, such a deep trace. i will cling to mandelstam's metaphor. mandelstam is a brilliant poet, this also manifests itself in prose and even in his

articles, when, i think, with a diamond on glass that few of our viewers and listeners have scratched glass with a diamond, or with iron on glass, yes, but when a diamond scratches glass, it’s also a very unpleasant sensation, right? it doesn’t just cut it softly like butter, yes, it’s unpleasant, it’s painful, well, for the ear, yes, so this metaphor, it’s actually very working, yes, and at the same time it’s a trace, it’s a trace that cannot be erased, and this is a trace, i guess, so to speak, i will resort to the help of hercin, he has such words, the sad and original figure of chadayev is sharply separated somehow sad...

chadayev occupies his special place, he seems to be standing in the corner, it seems, yes, but it is impossible not to pay attention to him. but on one thing i personally definitely agree with him, he wrote a beautiful thing: love for the fatherland, but there is something even more beautiful, this is love for the truth. the most

important thing that he did was to really awaken public thought with his sharp criticism, which we also talked a lot about today, he awakened the discussion of westerners and slavophiles, which continues in different forms, in different guises to this day, today today. which makes different thinkers turn to irritation again, and even if his works leave only irritation, this is already an important factor, and chiodaev will probably remain such an irritating factor... in our history, of course, it will remain a historical podcast russia-west on a swing history, pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov were with you, study history with us, you can watch all episodes of the podcast russia and the west on the swing of history on the channel one website.

hello, this is the podcast grief by fire and i'm his presenter denis gorelov with a story about the most important cinema and tv series domestic releases of the season. but we have to admit that this season we are seeing a clear decline in serial production, and there are a lot of films, the quality is not very good, as expected, and the departure of producers with difficult ones has given their results. the situation in general is not very good, but there is hope that at the end of the year in the fall, at the time of the season of serial premieres, things will improve; for now the situation does not seem to be very good, but this is especially visible in the background. takeoff theatrical distribution, again, as

one would expect, 2 years after the start of the special operation , the money invested in film production yielded results, just the two-year lacquer is now being recouped by powerful premieres, at the box office everything is generally more or less excellent, so we’ll start with the box office and where to start if not with the season premiere of master margarita... the film has one self-defeating advantage, for many viewers it can cover all the other shortcomings, this is, of course, the appointment of artists to the main roles. yulia viktorovna bullfinch in the role margarita and evgeniy eduardovich tseganov in the role of the master are absolutely inimitable, you still won’t find better masters, and they probably won’t even look for them, at least in the next 20 years. bullfinch has actually been around for the past 2 years. became the standard face of the stalinist period, performing brilliantly in chuk and

gek for you and me - the period was, in general, the first film in the thirties, the second in the fifties, but the female type was completely alone then, of course - bullfinch became its central card , and she's just in case case, holding her fingers folded, she said what kind of role... margarita will be cast for absolutely everything, thank god, she was mistaken, there was not a single critic who said at least one bad word about her performance and about the casting directors’ decision to choose her her for these roles, and she has some special depth and a slightly demonic edge, so even this and well, in general, vulgar self-presentations, like a muse and a witch, which... bulgako did not exist, they were invented by screenwriter roman kanter, even this

it sounded wonderful from her lips, it has long been said that a great artist, he is able to turn even any script nonsense in his own mouth to his advantage, and as for tsyganov, his is a cosmic, almost innate condescending indifference that is ideal for a masterful role, he looks a little down and distantly at the dances of the entire massalitovskaya. and demonic evil spirits, which , strictly speaking, is required of him by the role, and as for the couple, it worked out for snegiritsaganu long before the casting insights of the film crew, here everything worked out perfectly, unfortunately, the affair master margarita is not limited to the appointment of the main role, in other things everything was worse, in the finale there are no mass protests and indignations of the reading viewing public. it only says that in our country, in general, the current reader and viewer of the novel

does not finish reading the novel, even those who are included in the school curriculum, in principle, do not know that bulgakov did not have anything like this, he thinks that everything probably happened like that in the source code, only bulgakov’s apartment 302 bis burned down, as a result of zazezel’s phrase that rome was for him i like it more, it has acquired some nero-esque overtones, while critics admire how it is... it seemed to the author that it was not enough that the master was in a psychiatric hospital, he also arrested him under article fifty-eight. from the basements of the lubyanka, in the courtyard of the lubyanka you can see crucifixes with innocently writhing victims of stalin’s tyranny, and the barred windows in the psychiatric hospital are made in the role of a cross, all this is generally presented as great great taste, the taste of the production was noted by at least a third

of the reviewers, apparently we have different ideas about taste, but in general there is everything there is reason to believe that the novel about the gift, a gift with a capital letter, a novel about the tricks of wickedness about the firmness of the christian imperative, was staged by an outspoken plebeian, in general, such a relative of all those likhodeevs, vorenukhs and latunskys, whose troubles he so rejoiced in the film. roman the great, he clearly reveals, demonstrates the scale of the director, and most often not a very great scale, and lem klimov, who took on the production of the master... margarita, and yuri lyubimov, who made it on taganka, and yuri kara, now lakshin, like a fish feel comfortable in water staging all sorts of adventures of evil spirits, but openly stall when talking about the eternal, about galilee and judea, about the eternal dispute between yeshua and

pilate. the only person who even tried to do something in this direction was. in his film, the completely frank rhetorical duel of sergei bezrukov in the role of yeshua, kirill lavrov in the role of pilate, actually balanced the adventures of evil spirits, which, in fact, was bulgakov’s plan, the plan of all these excursions into distant jewish times. the appointment to the roles of pilate and yeshua is completely passing performers. first of all , he talked about how much these things are not interesting to him, how much more pleasant it is for him to show how evil spirits reign in the city of moscow, in griboyedov’s house. for the role of woland, he took an artist of a more serious caliber

, august dietl, but here the appointment had a very obvious ideological lining. in fact, by appointing foreign actors to the roles of biblical characters, he made it clear that all sorts of talk about eternity, all sorts of theosophical disputes are none of our business, we can only talk about sturgeon of the second freshness to be touched by the hippopotamus cat, by the way, the hippopotamus cat also failed, everyone said so, and the sturgeon of the second freshness, this phrase also did not sound in the film, because there was not enough space for it. accordingly, lakhshin, in order to fully express his feelings, openly trivializes the problems of the great novel, trying to cram into the picture absolutely all the claims against socialism that he has accumulated. this includes punitive psychiatry with electroconvulsive therapy, which bulgakov

did not have in exchange, and these are security officers at the ball satan, which bulgakov also had no trace of, these are the basements of the lubyanka, which bulgakov had. could never have happened and under no circumstances, meanwhile, it is necessary to clearly define things that have not been said out loud before, the great absolutely nobel level of writing , roman bulgakov, actually did not make a snout for the nobel committee, it was precisely because of his insufficient anti-sovietism that bulgakov did not

experience any ...