it didn’t hurt, but there were a couple of people there, maybe wounded by a stray shrapnel. enver received the title of hero after in may 2022, his unit, during an offensive in the konstantinovsky region of the dpr, captured a fortified command post and captured 68 ukrainian armed forces militants. well, one of these operations, which from the very beginning everything went according to plan, the difficulty was that there were a lot of tourists, there were a lot of mines, we sort of cleared it all out, we won the battle at the top and it was hard, people who are underground sat, they did not give up, it was very difficult to convey to these people, that it would be better for them if they surrender, now the hero of russia enver nabiev is again at the front, he will return only when the special military... operation

is over, his family is especially waiting for this: be careful, take care of yourself, i always tell him this, no one wants to die, this is probably the worst thing, well, personally, before a fight... it’s very scary to prepare for a fight, when you already start fighting , it’s just that emotions all turn off, it’s just you do what you have to do, you do what you were taught, what your heart tells you. the hero star is perhaps the only award in modern russia that has no analogues in the tsarist award system.

far - the golden star of the hero of the russian federation inherits the traditions of the golden star of the hero of the soviet union and, as the highest degree of distinction, it is of course worn on the uniform on the civilian uniform, that is, we can see the gentlemen wearing a jacket, in which it is located on the chest and as the highest degree of distinction she is always running around. look, she's almost gone has changed since the times of the soviet union. only the colors of the lasts are in accordance with the flag... of russia. the appearance of the badge was approved by joseph stalin in 1938, but the first officially awarded heroes appeared earlier. the first hero of the soviet union was the pilot anatoly lepidevsky. he was awarded for saving chelyuskin's arctic expedition. imagine what it was like to fly in winter conditions, at the north pole, once even wearing a protective mask. a special

leather one that protected the face, i forgot in camp and flew without it, got frostbite on his face, despite this he flew, flew in search of the expedition. the steamship cheluskin sailed from murmansk in august 1933, and on september 23 it was completely blocked by ice. dreev chelyuskin lasted 5 months, during which time the couple had problems.

it was after the rescue of the chelyuskinites that it was decided to establish the title of hero of the soviet union. the pilots who saved dozens of people were simply presented with certificates from the order of lenin. there was no star then. since then, a tradition has emerged. heroes of the ussr began to simultaneously receive a star and the order of lenin. during the great patriotic war, the title of hero of the soviet union began to be given mainly for military exploits. if you look at photographs of joseph stalin, you can see on his tunic only the medal of the hero of socialist labor and a hammer. in fact, he also had a star for the hero of the ussr, but the general public found out about this only on the day of his funeral. if we pay attention to...

iosifanovich, during his lifetime, nowhere will we find him with the gold star of the hero of the soviet union, he only wore the serb and young medal, but... in fact, in 1945 , the country's political leadership decided that, of course, joseph savenovich should also be awarded the title of hero of the soviet union. when stalin found out about this, he was quite angry; in fact, it was their idea, and he never wore the hero’s golden star; together, people saw the sickle and the golden star only at his funeral. stalin believed that he did not deserve this award, because he was not at the front and did not shed blood, which is probably why he never raped her. former tankman vasily ershov in the village,

where he lived, he was called a freak behind his back. his elbow was leaking, when he was tied up he never took it off the peg, everything was the same with him. so tied and how everything was photographed until death, but my husband came with him and said i won’t go wash with yarshov anymore with vasya, i say that i’m telling him to tone his back so it’s scary to wash there, everything is punctured, even all the thighs are punctured especially fellow villagers felt sorry for his wife, sighed and gossiped about what it was like for a beautiful girl to live with such a person, it didn’t hurt, they didn’t really want to marry him, and yata went in her forties.

they bandaged the wounds, and the next day soviet troops came to the village. the battle of nine tankers not only saved all the villagers from execution , but helped liberate simferopol, drawing back the forces that were moving towards the city. the seriously wounded irshov was taken to the hospital. in may 1944, all defenders

of the village were awarded the title of heroes of the soviet union. eight tank crews received it posthumously, and ershov's address in the turmoil received the star of the hero of the soviet union. after that , the hospitals were lost. only in 1956 was he found by crimean local historians and he received irshov immediately became the main person in his native village, and the residents of crimea were invited to move in and were even ready to build him a house. we went. both went there, left him, offered him.

e, e, andryusha, should we be sad, don’t hide the accordion, play in every way, 333, speak transkekh at night until sunset 333, we want to know the joy of life, we, friends, don’t care about anything.

return in october, but in the fall of 1991 the country had no time for the cosmonaut, in december the ussr ceased to exist, and it was not clear who should be involved in the return of krikalev. about the astronauts learned about this event in orbit. we didn’t understand yet, well, in fact , no one probably understood the long-term consequences that could be, but in general, yes, we just took it for granted that a certain transformation was taking place. it is symbolic that on that flight...

to another country he became the first hero of new russia. when presenting the hero star, he was the first to say “i serve the fatherland.” since 2007 , according to the charter, heroes began to say: “i serve the russian federation.” since 2018, i have been serving russia. i serve russia. i serve russia. i serve russia. these same the words were also spoken by alexander sharov when he received the star of the hero of russia from the hands of the minister of defense. sergei shaigu. alexander serves in

the anti-aircraft forces. he is the battery commander of the pantsir anti-aircraft missile system. calculation, readiness number one. reconnaissance is one of the most popular military specialties in the northern military district zone. therefore, sharov has been at the front from the very beginning, since february 2022. just before that , he found out what he and his wife would soon have. child, she was still pregnant, so during the special operation she put it in my documents, and photo with uzi, there were parting words there, it helped me a lot, i looked at this photo from time to time, remembered some life moments, in fact, a reliable rear helps a lot at the front, both morally and physically, yes, i’m with myself i took off the chekuzi, here is our daughter, and wrote:

and quietly said that i saved people today, and at that moment he had already become a hero for me. officially, the highest award of the country is the order of st. andrew the first-called; this is the only order that is completely without changes were taken from the russian award system. look, this is an order from the 16th century,

this is a modern one. the order of st. andrew the first-called is the very first russian order, which was established by peter i in 1699. at the ends of the order cross there are the latin letters "s, ap", which stands for "santus andreus petronus" russia. saint andrew, patron saint of russia. the order of st. andrew the first-called is awarded for exceptional merits that contribute to the prosperity, greatness and glory of russia, these can be military and civic merit now. 12 holders of the order are alive, among them sergei shaigu, composer alexandra pakhmatova, patriarch kirill, valentina matvienko. today

, both orders and awards are awarded for services to the country. the medals of the order often carry more weight, this is how it happened historically. in the russian empire, when receiving an order for any merit, a person not only had the right to wear a certain sign, he became a member of a closed club for life, so to speak. previously, the badge of the order was a sign of belonging to the corporation in which it belonged and which had corporate institutes, order councils, and conducted extensive charitable activities. upon joining the order, a person paid a certain amount into the order’s capital, and from this amount, from these capitals, for example , contempt was realized from eternal or older gentlemen, in some cases , huge pensions were even paid, a paradox, but previously one had to pay for membership in the order to the cavalier himself, for example under

alexander i, when conferring the order of st. andrew the first-called, the cavaliers had to contribute.

st. george's cross. st. george's cross occupies an intermediate place between orders and medals. he came to us from the royal reward system. today's st. george cross inherits the wood-revolutionary traditions and

is higher than all medals, but lower than orders. denis leosevich serves in a reconnaissance company. their task is to discover the location of the enemy, track his movement, and then bring in artillery or infantry, but this time the task was complicated by the terrain around the forest and thick bushes, they seemed to change - at this strong point in the morning, they set a mark for themselves tree, and blue behind the tape, so that, well, so that it’s clear where to go, and this blue electrical tape made them, so... it turns out, and i’m in the group, i ’m the first in the group, i immediately noticed this blue electrical tape, reported to the others at the substation, and we started work, we managed to take prisoners, and there were four prisoners, one mm, it turns out that he was killed by the enemy, but we had everything without losses, for this feat, which

he describes in such meager words, denis leosevich received... st. george's cross . we had congratulations, the regiment commander arrived, we everyone lined up my unit. he started presenting awards. my unit presented awards to three people. they gave me the st. george cross, my comrade was given a medal for courage, and another comrade also received a medal for bravery. soon after that battle, denis was wounded. he was hit by a fragment of a mine dropped by a ukrainian quadcopter, in military parlance, baba iga. baba iga, who drops mines, is such a huge quadcopter, and not only that. well, it’s really big and big and drops mines, not like we have wogs or grenades, well normal eighty-second mines, but it turns out i was sitting at the op, well, it’s like a trench

equipped like this, so i threw off the mine , it turns out that the fragments flew to our dugout , now denis’s vacation is ending. in a few days he will go to the front again and will return only after our victory. work alternately with aggression. st. george's cross. this award has a proud history. modern george is an almost exact copy of the pre -revolutionary one. the only difference is that the royal st. george cross was originally gold - first second degree, and silver - third and fourth. modern.

that on the third there was a band, the second from the first , while the fourth differed from the third in that the first had a bow, that’s why they said a full bow, when you have two bows, it means a complete gentleman, it’s a full band, you heard, yes, these expressions, full of gangs,

the st. george cross was established not with st. george the victorious, with a two-headed eagle, and when one of the heroes of the caucasians, a mohammedan by religion, was awarded such a cross from the wild division, he looked and said: “listen, why did they give everyone a rider, but i got a bird, give me a rider." the system was abolished by the bolsheviks in 1918. a relic of tsarism. what saints and what kind of crosses could there be in a young soviet country. but at the beginning of the great

patriotic war, many older people were mobilized, among of whom were holders of the st. george cross. many famous commanders of the great patriotic war were awarded the crosses of zhukov, malinovsky, chipaev and... those who had all four crosses were budyonny, they wore their awards and no one was to them. didn't interfere. well, you can see, for example, a photograph of semyon mikhailovich budionov, where he is clearly photographed with his royal awards, st. george's crosses and st. george's medals, one of the highest political and military leaders of the soviet union. during the war, stalin brought back many tsarist and army traditions, officer ranks and shoulder straps returned. many orders that still exist today have returned to the award system. stalin remembered that we had suorov, kutuzov, alexander, nevsky. and by the way, the order named after

all these people appeared a little later in the soviet award system. propaganda began to appeal to patriotism. at the moment when this war was called the great patriotic war, that is, there was an obvious paraphrase with the war of 812. yes. otherwise, of course, it made a huge impression. everyone expected that stalin would return the st. george cross. there were even projects for a new design for this award, but he went a different route. an order of glory appeared. look, exactly the same block, very similar design, only instead of a cross - star. both awards have a central round medallion, which is on the front side, on the back side. the similarities are obvious. the order of glory was awarded only to privates and sergeants of the red army and only for personal merit. the statute of this order almost corresponded to

the cross of st. george. there are 2,656 full holders of the order of glory, of which four are women. according to the statute, full holders of the order of glory were equated to a hero of the soviet union. they decided not to transfer the order of glory to the modern russian award system, but returned to its royal ancestor, georgievsky cross. i love you, i ask for the hand of your daughter, a union of salvation.

era. watch the time after the program. the order of merit for the fatherland, established in 1994, is considered new in the system of state awards in modern russia. but as you know, the new is the well-forgotten old. let's take a closer look. in it you can easily find details and features of one of the most valuable awards of the russian empire, the order of the saint.

the order of st. vladimir, equal to the apostles , appeared under catherine the great at the end of the 18th century after the victory in the russian-turkish war and annexation of crimea to russia. the karsun legend says that saint vladimir was baptized precisely in the crimea, in kherson, a suburb of modern sevastopol. it is not surprising that the order received the name of st. vladimir.

which had to be earned, so to speak, with sweat and blood, these are the order of st. george and the order of st. vladimir. even at the end of the empire, when the rules had already lost their principles and rigor, nicholas ii , among all the highest awards, had only a small, modest cross of the fourth degree of the order of st. vladimir. the unwritten rule time. it is better to be awarded less according to merit than a lot without any merit. the order of merit. there are also four degrees to the fatherland; for military merits they are awarded an order with swords; if you receive, for example, the third degree, and then the second, you can only wear the second. the first holder of the new award, who was awarded the order of merit to the fatherland , second degree, on november 5, 1994, was the legendary gunsmith designer, mikhail kalashnikov.

narrow streets, there was a settlement called buzovaya, there were very narrow streets, difficult traffic and there was a checkpoint there, we had to command the tanks and turn them around. i had to get out of the car, correct my tankers, in order to then leave these streets, we completed the task of rescuing the pilots successfully, when he told me that we went, picked me up, sometimes he himself sat down at the levers, we say, two people went together , not necessarily the whole crew, they took me away, and then my only thought was, i told him, this is dangerous, to which he answered me, but... if this happens to me, another person will he will think that it is dangerous, and i will stay there, and he says, my conscience does not allow me to leave, i will still go to pick them up, givi has not been home from the very beginning of the special operation, this video is so far the only

opportunity for his mother to see her son. mom, i say hello to you, i miss you very much, i love you, i’ll be there soon, we’ll soon return home with victory, i want you not to worry too much, i... there’s no getting away from this, but in any case , hang in there, soon we’ll return home with victory , i’ve lost weight, my son has matured, oh, already consciously that’s it, i know that he always wanted to go into the tanks, and he always said that he really didn’t regret for a second that the tanker, his voice didn’t change, he was just worried, but no, everything was fine. the order of courage or muzhik, as it is called in the troops. it has become a real symbol of the special military operation in ukraine. now this is one of the most respected awards among soldiers: it is truly

an honor to receive a man. the order of courage established in the russian federation largely copies the late soviet order for personal courage. and it is necessary to say that the award is extremely respectable. well, if you look closely, you will notice that the modern order of courage is more similar not to the soviet one, but to the tsarist badge of the people's militia of the first world war. look, it's practically a tracing paper. almost all modern orders have analogues that were in the tsarist or soviet award system. the same feats for which they were awarded before are still awarded today. a feat remains a feat in any era. after orders in

the hierarchy of awards come medals. and they are for the most part heirs of the soviet awards. systems. medal of honor. it is worn immediately after all orders and is valued above all other medals. the medal for courage appeared in 1938. before the revolution there was no analogue. the modern one almost completely copies the soviet one. from the obverse in the lower part they only removed the inscription ussr, leaving the silhouettes of three i-16 fighters and a t-35 tank. this medal has always been considered the most. former intelligence officer rustem klupov still remembers the feat of his soldier, who received a medal for courage during the chechen war. in the first minutes of the battle, the soldier was shot through, he lost

consciousness, the battle began, shelling, they pulled him out, put him under an infantry fighting vehicle, they didn’t have time to provide medical assistance, everyone was in battle, it was a very hot battle, and he... under the infantry fighting vehicle saw wires and realized that we were standing on land mines, wow, he started to gnaw this wire, whoever served in the army and knows what a telephone wire is, he will understand me there with the rest of the wires, this wire cannot be broken by an explosion, and he gnawed this wire, which means that by losing consciousness, bleeding under the car, he remained alive . the modern award system is alive, it grows and develops along with the country. 23 march 2023, a new medal for bravery appeared. the award is given for displaying

bravery and courage during other combat operations to protect the fatherland and state interests, as well as when maintaining or restoring international peace and security. the medal has an ancient history. in 1788, medals with the inscription for bravery began to be awarded to participants in the russian-turkish war. in 1913 , georgievskaya appeared. it was awarded not only to the military, but also to civilians, for example, during the first world war, many received it nurses and orderlies. using the system of awards in russia, you can trace the history of the country and feel the connection of times, because behind each award there is a feat of the person who accomplished it. the minutes dragged on like hours, so

it passed midnight, the heir to the throne was anxiously awaiting news, and finally he appeared, pyotr alekseevich palin, a special confidant of emperor paul, the man who led the conspiracy against the russian autocrat and brought his son to his side. burn, burn, burn! as soon as alexander saw palin, he realized it was all over, emperor dead god knows, he did not give his consent to such an outcome. but there was no time left to cope with the shock. she was waiting for an heir. guard to take the oath to him as the new russian autocrat.

in russian history, a palace coup brought alexander i to power. from childhood, raised as a professional politician and diplomat, he was brilliantly educated, insightful, and well-informed. in the most difficult years for the country, he will defend the interests of the empire, showing both cunning and unyielding will. during his reign there will be radical projects of political

reforms, a people's war, and the unprecedented rise of russia in the european arena, and he, having spent a quarter of a century on the throne, will go down in history as alexander the blessed. the future emperor grew up in austerity from an early age, sleeping on hard mattresses. he ate simple, rough food, did physical

labor, and his upbringing plan was developed by his grandmother, catherine the great. immediately after sasha was born, she separated him from his parents and took him completely under her wing. soon this bore fruit. sick child, strengthened. the reason for such close attention was not only concern for the boy’s physical health. the empress almost did not hide the fact that she wanted to pass the throne to her grandson, bypassing her unloved son pavel petrovich. and the heir to the throne must know the value of work and have a strong character. and besides, from a young age, learn how to manage a great power.

when sasha turned 6 years old, catherine arranged for him a mentor from europe. the swiss frederick lagarbe instilled in his royal student the ideals of equality of citizens before the law. and he dreamed, having come to power, make the country prosperous and give freedom to its subjects. catherine was pleased with both her grandson’s prudence and his ability to grasp the essence on the fly. complex issues, this especially distinguished alexander from his younger brother, konstantin. he was brought up according to a similar program, but from childhood he was distinguished by absent-mindedness. talking about politics bored him. in addition to konstantin, alexander pavlovich had two more brothers: nicholas, the future emperor of all russia, and mikhail, who became the founder of the first artillery school in russia. besides, the grand duke had six sisters, but with only

one of them, ekaterina pavlovna, he had close friendly relations. not counting the one who died in infancy. in 1792, she arrived in st. petersburg and immediately charmed alexander.

one year later. the whole courtyard congratulated the happy newlyweds. at that time, alexander was barely 16, and louise, who took the name elizabeth in orthodox baptism, was only 14. shoulders, good.

damn, the roar of the guns swept through the outskirts of the gachchinsky palace, the cannon was torn to pieces, the artillery servants was killed. the prince miraculously survived.

after this incident, alexander will not hear in his left ear for the rest of his life. in many ways , this is what will make the future emperor suspicious, is it whispering about him when he doesn’t hear it? shortly before death. catherine the great asked her beloved grandson a question: is he ready to become her successor? alexander avoided a direct answer. paul i came to power, but this did not improve relations between the father and eldest son. pavel continued to see his

competitor in alexander and took advantage of any excuse to destroy his pride. meanwhile, dissatisfaction with the emperor was growing in society, and a conspiracy was being prepared at court, the threads of which stretched to the st. petersburg military governor pyotr palin. after much persuasion, alexander joined the conspirators, but with one condition: pavel must remain alive. however, it happened differently. on the night of march 12, 1801, the emperor was. officers in his own bedroom, and now, taking the oath of the guards,

alexander understood that his accession to the throne would forever be associated with a terrible crime, even if he himself was not involved because of what happened on that ill-fated night, the shadow of the father of murder will accompany him until his last day. he will put all his efforts into washing away this sin from his soul, ensuring the prosperity of his fatherland, and earning the gratitude of his subjects. with his first decrees, alexander i abolished dozens of bans introduced during the years of pavlovsk rule. he allowed free entry into russia. and travel abroad, declared an amnesty for political emigrants, lifted customs restrictions on the import and export

of goods, proclaimed freedom of the press, ordered the removal of gallows from public places, which were designed to frighten subjects, freed priests from corporal punishment, returned more than 10 thousand officials and officers from exile, while most of the conspirators responsible for the death of paul i... were removed from the capital, although none of them was not seriously injured. it seemed that alexander was the first to live up to the promise made upon his accession to the throne. with me everything will be like with my grandmother. the changes caused wild jubilation in russian society. dinners were held in honor of the young emperor. in churches we constantly read prayers for his health. nobles from the time of catherine the great, moved to the side. and pavle were anticipating a triumphant return to power, but in the meantime,

completely different conversations were taking place in the emperor’s inner circle. at first, everything happened under cover of secrecy. a couple of times a week, after waiting for the guests to leave after the official dinner, the young autocrat retired to his own room.

the circle of closest associates of alexander i was called a secret committee. the main result of his activities was the draft imperial manifesto. most merciful a letter of commendation to the russian people. the provisions of the charter included freedom of thought, speech and religion. these projects could not be kept secret for long; rumors of impending changes alarmed the elite of the nobility. alexander feared that drastic changes would shake the throne. he remembered too well how his father's reign ended. after weighing the political risks, the emperor rejected the draft manifesto. which he himself was the inspiration for. and in 1803 the secret committee was dissolved. noble

dreams of freedom and equality failed confrontation with harsh reality. the emperor was deeply affected by the collapse of his youthful ideals. mixed with this disappointment was another, no less bitter feeling. the seemingly closest person, his wife, was moving further and further away from alexander. when the first

half-childhood love passed, both turned out to be strangers to each other. over the years, the discrepancy only intensified. having learned that elizabeth had a cordial relationship with adam chertorysky, alexander did not interfere with them. the emperor himself was naturally passionate, he knew how charm and often used his gift. in the company of ladies, he could throw off the burden of government worries and feel like

an ordinary person. there were many fleeting romances, but the love of his life was the beauty and wife of a rich nobleman, maria naryzhkina. the strength of the feeling was so great that the emperor seriously considered abdicating the throne, leaving for america and marrying his beloved there. after reasonable consideration, the idea was rejected, but alexander had to promise. end the marital relationship with your wife.

meanwhile, europe was preparing for a big war. in 804, the first consul of the french republic, napoleon bonaparte, proclaimed himself emperor. by this time , napoleon-controlled regimes had been established in northern italy in the principalities of southwestern germany. bonaparte planned to subjugate his main rivals, austria and england, to his will in order to make paris the center of a new world empire. all this threatened the collapse of the political order. on which europe rested. napoleon banaparte comes from a family of minor aristocrats, a native of the island of corsica. at the age of ten entered a cadet school in france, specialized in artillery, made a dizzying military career during the great french revolution, led the army during the italian campaign in 1799

. after the coup d'etat he led the country. napoleon's administrative and legal reforms laid the foundations of the modern french state, and he himself became a symbol of the unlimited desire for power. this is news first. hello, in valery korablev's studio in this episode. love, a sense of unity, pride in our homeland.