bacteria, viruses, fungal infections from the point of view of food, from the point of view of just any such chemical, molecular environment, and the immune system during this period is developing very rapidly, in the development of the immune system there is such a very important stage when the genes encoding antibodies are rebuilt very intensively, that is, literally at the dna level, cross-linking cuts occur in order to form such a lot. antibodies, we need millions, there may be hundreds of millions of antibody specificities to the immune system could protect us from any infections, precisely in these first years of life, the intensity of the formation of cells of the immune system, lymphocytes, these are billions of cell divisions there every day, yes, and with each division these small breaks in the dna cross-link occur. sometimes, apparently, very

rarely, in fact, an error occurs there, if as a result of such a break the gene that controls cell division or affects the death of the cell is damaged, then there will be trouble, yes, then such a cell can turn into a tumor, well in a practical sense, considering that this is, well , obvious, that this is a tragedy for the family, yes, that is, that is, there are some measures that can be taken at a certain age of the child to reduce the likelihood. no, in my opinion, this is largely a roulette, yes, this is largely a random event, although there have been attempts for many years to find a connection between some types of diet or some types of lifestyle, if you like, yes they found something or this is all nothing that can be done actively influence, they didn’t find it, yes, that is, we can only hope for the best or for the accuracy of this antibody production process and that everything will be fine. unfortunately,

this is an accident that we have to somehow learn to coexist, and here, unfortunately, with the exception of those families where a hereditary predisposition is known, and why is it even important to find this hereditary predisposition if this is known about the family, then a program can be formed for such a child or adult observation, yes, that is, some kind of program that will allow this tumor to be found at an earlier stage and tried.

three chords, new season, tomorrow after the evening news, it will be hot, what, where, when, summer series of games, finals, tomorrow, after the program time. two stars, fathers and children, from june 23 on the first, after all, if this is a random process, well, some kind of tragedy of errors, but, probably, a variety of errors at the genetic level lead, well, to the development, for example, leukemia and so on , that is, after all, if the patient has you turned out to be, if parents brought a child to you, how do you find out where it happened, and what is important? do you even know what happened to him,

or are you just doing your medical part, this is very important, because, well, firstly, there are dozens, in fact more than a hundred different variants of genetic damage, which are one disease, one disease, one disease acute lycosis, but these mechanisms, yes, genetic causes, types of breakdowns, dozens of them exist, they greatly influence... there are breakdowns that make the cell completely insensitive, and such lycosis cannot be cured with conventional chemotherapy, there are breakdowns in which the sensitivity is super high, such patients have a 98% chance of fully recovering and returning to normal life, that is, how do you know, how do you determine where the obligatory occurred, a mandatory analysis at the start is a genetic examination and... tumor cells

in this case and it consists of several methods, yes there are the simplest methods, we are now getting a little loopy, this is coloring chromosomes, what is called a standard cytogen. the doctor looks at them under a microscope and says that, for example, chromosome number 12 exchanged a piece with chromosome 21, and such a chimeric gene was formed there that controls cell division, here are lycosis with rearrangement 1221, they are super sensitive to... chemotherapy, they are very easy, this is a good option, yes, but if, for example, in the genome of a tumor cell, we are again at the level of chromosome analysis, we have not yet reached the reading of letters, but at the chromosome level we see that there are not 46 chromosomes - in the cell ,

and 39, this is precisely in cancer cells, yes, because in all other cells the child’s body is just like in humans, yes, in a cancer cell, for example, not 46, but 39, there is a loss of chromosomes, it ’s called. yes, that is, there are fewer chromosomes than there should be, these are leukemias that are incredibly difficult to cure with conventional chemotherapy, almost all such patients need a bone marrow transplant, but we live in the era of so-called targeted therapy, when not all options are available at once, but gradually drugs appear that act on a specific protein formed as a result of such a chromosomal rearrangement, and in order to give such a medicine we must know for sure whether this is ... whether the patient has a breakdown or not, there are famous examples, the so-called philadelphia chromosome, rearrangement at the chromosome level called 9.22, the ninth and twenty-second chromosomes exchange pieces, a chimeric gene is formed, the so-called bcrable, that is

, a gene that pathologically connects two ordinary proteins they begin to give to the cell the signal that it shares well and dies poorly, we... do without transplantation, and treat them with the help of one or more drugs, depends on the type of lycosis, well, except for the actual chromosomal rearrangements, which are easy, well, in a sense, just look , but this does not exhaust all the variety of phological diseases

; there are a lot of so-called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or, well , if you want point mutations, where one letter or several letters are replaced, this... we see this as a typo in the genetic text, but what then if, well, i imagine that in many countries, unfortunately, children get sick, there are countries where doctors and scientists work together to identify the causes of diseases, then, probably, articles are published and you can read it, and after reading

this article, you just take it on faith or start introducing a new analysis and, relatively speaking, the child who came to you, you must analyze it if the nature is unknown. disease, it must be established in order to prescribe the correct treatment, you just have to do everything, everything possible candidates points in dna to look and say that everything is good or or not, that ’s how it is, but the problem is broken down into searching in known places, it’s relatively simple, technically it’s a rather complicated procedure, but when you know where to look and what are you looking for, this is a relatively understandable task, and a much more complex story with the search for what...

but the starting days, when the patient just begins treatment, they basically go through this fairly standard scheme, where this molecular information is not used, but there is... somewhere in the mid-eighties in china it was discovered that a very simple substance, an analogue of vitamin a, oltransretinoic acid,

these cells actually, well, block this feature of theirs, causing them to turn into ordinary cells, but in order to assign this an analogue of a vitamin that exists in the form of tablets, you need to know for sure that this is the same cholelactic disease, yes, that is, there is a situation, and i think there will be more such situations over time, when... there is a medicine that should be prescribed only to a patient with a specific molecular breakdown, then the speed with which you find this breakdown generally depends on the patient’s life, but for now for most patients this is not the case, for most patients this information is needed somewhere in 2-3 weeks from the beginning of treatment, because it greatly influences the choice of the second stage, and in general, further tests allow you to find the desired answer in 2-3 weeks, but as a rule, you need a whole set.

is that the whole system of drug development there, the whole system funding, it proceeds from the basic hypothesis that patients with the same name of the disease, for example, acute leukemia, are more or less the same, then you can establish from a large mass of patients whether some treatment works or does not work, now imagine imagine that you do not have a thousand patients with one disease, but a thousand patients, each of whom, in some sense, has their own disease. some kind of medicine,

if you can’t even put together a group that statistically means something, and then you simply use, well, what already as if approved, considering, understanding that in fact the patients are different, but since the disease has the same historically , the chemotherapy regimens were developed in exactly this way, and sets of drugs that act during ... chemotherapy were empirically selected, that is, the hope is that you were talking about some kind of chromosome rearrangements, the medicine in this case is something that kills diseased cells, this is the meaning of this medicine, the meaning of the medicine is that it kills diseased cells, but we need medicines that will not damage normal, problems here are your kids, i visited you, there are many kids without hair, well , that is, it’s all so serious, actual chemotherapy, well, hair loss is psychologically important, but of course it’s not the worst thing that can happen to a person, i can. i can testify, of course, about this, but the problem is that the chemotherapy

that is used today is not very selective, it damages tumor cells more, but it affects many other cells that divide quickly, in particular skin cells, cells epithelium intestines, they, but this is then restored in case of successful treatment, yes, it is restored, but this can be accompanied by severe complications, for example, infections, that is , the damage itself is restored, but it can trigger... such a cascade of events that can including ending in the death of a patient, for example, already ill, sometimes already in remission of the disease, and sometimes even actually healthy, for example, where damage to intestinal cells can trigger the translocation of bacteria, which are introduced in our intestines in large quantities, but should not normally enter the blood, trigger what is called sepsis, septic processes, and the patient may die from complications not related to the tumor. this is the baden badon podcast and i am its host konstantin severinov. today we

are talking with professor mikhail mashchan about genetic diseases and what methods of treating them are available. well, there are also these terms: remission, i know relapse, relapse is the return of the disease back, this is because the same thing happened again changes in dna, or why it happens in exceptional cases that... they described a situation when a breakdown in the dna occurred again, as if a new transformative event, rather in medicine it will be described by the term second tumor, does this happen? this is if the tumor itself is a rare event, probably like a falling projectile, it happens, this is a very rare event, and it is precisely in people who develop a second tumor that we find the so -called predisposition syndrome with a high probability , yes, that is, they have some kind of basic defect, which, well, if you want, affects the stability of dna, a basic genetic defect, yes, a basic genetic defect, hereditary, which

affects the stability of dna, then they may have this second event, that is, the second second if a tumor can develop, it's just people. in whom tumors generally arise more often, yes, absolutely, but in most patients a relapse is not a repeated transformation, not a re-formation of a tumor, it is rather like a few cells from the original tumors survived treatment, hid, were in a dormant state, sometimes for many years, then woke up and at the same time again about the tumor, but in your case, in the case of hematology, we are not talking about just one. they can, they can form a tumor in the classical sense, yes, that is , they can, it can be everywhere, but it can be in one place, it can be a tumor of some lymph node, but most often with tumors of the hematopoietic system, yes , it is distributed in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and how to find out about predisposition, then i understand that this is

a smaller part of all tumors, this is to find out about predisposition, well... there are two, if you want, ways, the first is precedent, yes, that is, if there are tumors in the family , which in general tumors are not such a rare thing, yes, it seems to us that cancer is something that is not very common, in fact, what is called risk, yes, that is, the risk of developing a tumor during a person’s life is approximately 25 %, yes, that is, after all, for kids, for children, for children it is very low, yes, but i mean the total risk of tumor and peak. is a tumor in adults somewhere around 65 years old, 65-70, if the doctor meets with a patient whose tumor developed at an early age, for example, a tumor before 40 years of age, this is rare, or if the doctor meets with a family where many family members in the development of early tumors, or there is a family member with

recurrent tumors, this is where it makes a lot of sense to examine. research is included in the practice of medicine, these are full-scale genetic it will be, you know, like a finding during a medical examination, yes, that is, in fact, that is, you give your blood sample, you give a blood sample, a whole-genome type study is performed. sequencing or full exome sequencing, there are some genetic variants that affect medical risks, including oncology, what to do then, if there is a risk, if someone finds out that they have an increased risk, this does not mean that he has a tumor, but that doesn’t mean there’s a risk, it just means the fact that the probability of developing a tumor in this

person during his life is increased, but this is a very difficult knowledge, yes, what can you do with this knowledge after receiving such a letter of happiness?

yes, when for many tumors it makes sense to diagnose them as early as possible and some tumors are caught at the stage when they can simply be surgically removed, but there is a classic situation that is widely known, there is, for example, intestinal polyposis, yes, now it’s not about children, adults, and if such microtumors are removed at the polyp stage, then the tumor does not form, and if you let it calmly... develop for a couple of decades, then the tumor is already at the stage of carcinoma, invasive cancer, it is much more difficult to treat, a predisposition to this kind of tumors is possible. genetically and create a monitoring program in such a way as to prevent the development of a tumor, this is a separate

topic, and people are trying to develop such preventive therapy regimens with the help of drugs that affect the mechanisms and development of these tumors, but most often today , of course, we are talking about some kind of an examination program, for example, to do a comanoscopy more than once in your life at 50 years old, and then every 2 years, for example,

then the probability of a cure, yes, that is , a return to normal life without subsequent relapse in pediatric oncology is approximately 75-80%, yes, whether this is a lot

or a little, well, if you look historically it is a lot, because 50 years ago it was zero, that is , there is some kind of progress here, there is certainly progress, it is happening, and i think that over these 20 years we added about 10-15% to this total in particular, here are the technologies of genetic diagnostics due to deepening the understanding of the biology of these tumors, including through genetic diagnostics, and of course due to the improvement of treatment, it is developing very much due to the increasing availability of this treatment, but here you know, this figure, unfortunately crafty, because, as i already said, these are many different diseases, these are 70% or 80%.

after all, if the cure rate increases, as you said, exponentially over the years, due to the interaction of doctors, of course, apparently families of patients, philanthropists and scientists, then this is still, that is, it seems that there is some light at the end of the tunnel, but at least a small one, to be honest, in our profession, without seeing this light, it would be me it seems that it is very difficult to live and work, because of the number of failures that a doctor in this area is forced to face.

i will bay for eternity, one artist in the era of machines, i

confessed to god that i myself... so decided, he would kill at least halfway, what i had to go through, he would ask how i could not go crazy come down, never trust words, passions, vows and tears, they will make you... more painful, who promised to love, stronger, it’s easy to deceive the heart, here you go, it’s yours, everything in the poems is sewn crookedly, as well as he could, he wanted it beautifully, if the soul they teach in the sky that love is one forever, why are we so unhappy? why

do you agree to suffer, read it, you will see for yourself, pee, a play, or a novel, letters on the pages of a book, for love they interfere with life, until the morning, half an hour, lonely hearts, the wounds did not heal there , they met, but dreams were too early. night and spring, lonely hearts, found uti by we met the stars, but it was too late.

give, yes, morning, half an hour, lonely hearts, the wounds did not heal there, met, but too early again night, spring, lonely hearts, on the way to the stars, met, but too late, hello everyone, friends, this is not a format , my

name is anton lavrente, with me in the studio are karina cross, valya carnival, and behind me is the gypsy band, this is roman, anton, arkady and alexey. and today our guest is an actor, director, musician, artist, winner of various music awards, and of course well, a hollywood smile. alexey vorobyov is our guest. hey! lady, damn, nice. so many girls cried to her songs every day. that she had to write a song, don’t cry, owner of millions of views, amazing, expressive, incredible anna tsai, you guys generally know each other’s work, we met last night, is this true, no, yes, you sound like my ex, are you even aware that i’m married, dude, but nevertheless this should have been talked about before ours right away you need to say this in the morning, this is generally the case.

cartoon johnny brabo, who doesn’t know, this is like an awesome day, not as awesome as me, and there’s this guy with that hairstyle, i really really was his fan, and there was such a brilliant bark, it fits to a girl like this, maybe we’ll have dinner, she ’s like, i have a boyfriend, you look like a girl who might have two, i know that annette has already prepared a cover of alexey varobyov’s song, no one knows, this is so, there is such a thing, she's crazy. but she's mine

i danced until the morning and went crazy. but she dances until the morning, well, here i need to help her in the morning, come on, usually at 22 o’clock, jump into the boudin and have time to put on makeup after closing the class, smile, she lives as if every evening is friday. one smile breaks the heart, but she just loves to shower it and closes herself with a smile, for her

and she likes it, she’s crazy, but she’s may, i smell it in the morning, she explained. the voices combine perfectly, i would really like to hear your collaboration. do you have any? a person who can say, no, except for my husband. i, you see, i don’t have a producer and all this, i don’t have that either, that’s all, then, that is, we can agree ourselves, yes, hmm, come, come, but consider that the young people have met, however

less, my friends, now the time has come for an accordion to be brought into the studio, we have an accordion for a reason, because alexey is a multi-instrumentalist, and you said he’s a multi-billionaire? i told you that there in the dressing room, this is not the right word, one does not interfere with the other, as it turned out, yes, yes, yes, if you are a musician you don’t have to be poor, you need to play something, yes, you will always support, 6, 7 and.

annette, i found out that you recently completely left black star, but you really wanted to get there when i started, i’m actually a street musician, a former one, all i could do was write.

somehow he listened to me, i generally sent it out to everyone, sent it, participated in a bunch of different competitions, they didn’t take me anywhere, they just told me, this is not yours, move on, a lot, in short, there were a lot of refusals, and the only thing at that time was that i saw that this label can help me, and of course, the first thing that came to mind was black star, of course, nothing worked out with the gate, it turned out through a competition, okay, then let’s follow the follow-up question, if you wanted to go there so badly to get there, then what... why did you leave, that's when - a person grows up, we're all from small towns, that's right, someone is from the village, i'm also from the village, i lived in the village, so we live in our little uh villages, cities, it doesn’t matter, we’re just feeling crowded, we have this feeling that

we grew up, as if we had grown up, and you feel that now it’s time to move, to change something in your life, like you did, for example, like i did, here, probably, it’s as if the girl had grown up. it’s as if she graduated from college or school, it doesn’t matter, it’s time for her to move on, that was the feeling, i’ll save her, she said goodbye like that, dad, thank you for everything, wow, we, we did for each other. it’s really time for me to outgrow this relationship, yes, this famous phrase, now it’s time for it , but it’s not in myself, it’s really about me, alexey we have a lot of questions for you, but we have limited time, so i suggest you and i have a whole life ahead of us, don’t say that i’m proposing to do a blitz, so i’ll ask you questions, your task is to answer yes or no , let’s sit on dating sites and lie about your income ? no, i googled my name, yes, i sang

along with the plywood, uh, probably once or twice, i don’t know, it was a long time ago, i said, you know who i am, it’s funny, by the way, no, i stole a girl from a friend, no, i stole in the store, uh, yes, but it was a rush, he swore in russian when you no one understands, yes, of course, i did this all the time, in fact, a lot has become clear, thank you very much, is that all? yes, that’s all, these are all the questions that interested me personally, now turn to the camera, there will be a blitz from me, in fact, we agreed on how he turned the game around, look, okay, karina, she stole my heart, maybe uh, this is a very fast blitz, what are you doing in the evening, we have never faced such an opponent before, guys, let's leave, arkady, give him the piano, this battle will happen,

but in life there is not only pain, you can do it shine. it’s you who are superfluous to this world, it’s bad that you already

want to hide, i know this firsthand, i know, but i know who went out, like this, if your tears were in the water, you would have already filled the whole world with it, dear, it’s in there is life, not only be, you can shine if your tears were in the water.

hello, the program is about the most notable events of this day. clear security. vladimir putin's new peace proposals for ukraine have been reported to the un security council. what a trap have the western ambassadors driven themselves into? lower rank, thinner in number. the swiss conference, the status of which

russia’s initiatives on ukraine were reduced to a check among themselves for the sake of zelensky. self-propelled trick. who and how commands the gun, the enemy will never understand that their own people will understand. the subtleties of artillery operation and the ministry of defense report for the day. our regiments have arrived. the first star on uniform from kaliningrad to vladivostok. recently the cadets are now. officers, many continue the dynasty. giving beauty and warm words to valentin yudashkin, the monument to the world-famous russian fashion designer was unveiled at troekurovsky. olympic tale, ruslan and lyudmila in sochi, an ice show in all the brilliance of the skill of the skaters, the complexity of the scenery and the dynamics of the special effects. so, our new proposals on ukraine have already been heard in the

un security council. we are talking about the conditions that vladimir putin emphasized for the complete completion, and not freezing, of the conflict. there are many reactions, but it...

is not permission to strike russia, western countries are only hiding behind kiev, the british minister of defense even recorded a pompous video about this. we are very prudent in transferring weapons to ukraine, but we cannot do this, and then tie ukraine hand and foot in how it uses these weapons. it turns out that london and kiev support, but if anything happens, all questions are directed to ukraine. the russian post-spread might have focused attention on this if not for the dramatically changed agenda. the main thing for nebenzi was to list the conditions to his colleagues. the end of the conflict, announced several hours before the meeting by vladimir putin. these conditions are very simple. ukrainian troops must be completely withdrawn from the donetsk, lugansk people's republics, kherson and zaporozhye regions, and i draw attention specifically from the entire territory of these regions, within their

administrative boundaries that existed at the time of their entry into ukraine. as soon as they declare in kiev that they are ready for such a decision, begin a real withdrawal of troops from these regions, and also officially notify about the abandonment of plans to join nato, our side will immediately, literally at the same minute, order a ceasefire to begin negotiations . i repeat, we will do this immediately, naturally, at the same time we guarantee the unhindered and safe withdrawal of ukrainian units and formations. the western ambassadors clearly made such a concrete proposal. expected, but did not improvise, having read the instantly outdated speeches. it is not surprising that russia is convening meetings on the eve of the swiss peace summit. this meeting is an obvious attempt to divert the attention of the whole world and blame someone other than yourself for what is happening in ukraine. but russia will not be able to deceive anyone. later,

chancellor scholz spoke in a similar vein, saying that moscow’s proposals should not be accepted seriously, but the german media apparently think differently.

may be between bad and worse. russian troops on the battlefield are gradually moving forward, at the same time, the ukrainian armed forces suffer from a shortage of soldiers, air defense ammunition, as well as interruptions in the supply of weapons from the west. with his statement , mr. putin seems to be sending a signal to ukraine, the west, as well as the countries of the global south. immediately after the press conference of the head of the russian foreign ministry, a reporter from the british sky news channel stated that it is unlikely right now the west is ready to discuss moscow's peace plan. despite the talk of peace, relations between russia and the west have recently deteriorated sharply and have come close, as vladimir putin noted, to the point of no return, and everything seems so sudden.

directly to kiev, that in ukraine the house is delicately silent, zelensky, because now it is not clear who to talk to, is white because he legally forbade himself from negotiating, and he also lost his legitimacy after the expiration of his presidency. the constitution of ukraine does not provide possibility of cancellations or transfers. president of the country, the continuation of his powers in connection with martial law, which is now being referred to, what is in the ukrainian basic law is that during martial law , elections of the verkhovna rada can be postponed, this is article eighty-third of the country’s constitution, so ukrainian legislation provided for the only exception when the powers of a public authority are extended for... a period of martial law, and elections are not held, and this concerns exclusively, only the verkhovna rada,

thereby indicating the status of the parliament of ukraine as a permanent body in conditions of martial law. in other words, it is the verkhovna rada that is today a legitimate body, in contrast to the executive branch. judging by how events are developing on the battlefield, kiev's position will only worsen, so moscow's position may be adjusted. however, as nebenzya noted at the security council meeting, at this stage the most important thing is that russia is ready for negotiations. we are aware of the responsibility for stability in the world and confirm our readiness for dialogue with all countries. if the west and kiev refuse this peace proposal, then the political and moral responsibility for the continuation of bloodshed will be theirs. andrey mikhailov, anastasia slobodenyuk, konstantin zhukovsky.

amr loss of enemy personnel of more than 2 thousand militants, fierce oncoming battles in the kharkov region near chasyar. and the avdeevka direction, the well-coordinated crew of the nona self-propelled guns, the language of communication is native, but absolutely incomprehensible to the enemy. their war machine for the versatility of the gun is called a self-propelled mortar. sergei ponovaryov learned how accurately fighters hit even moving targets. coordinates and adjustments are understandable only

to the gunner loading, only before the salvo the usual command is heard; these are artillerymen of the mountain brigade from ty, almost all are natives of the republic, which is why combat work is carried out in their native tuvan, they say it more simply, the enemy practically cannot understand it even if they intercept the negotiations. this is in tuvan, tuvan, yes, 333. this is exactly what a command sounds when it is given for a synchronized salvo of several guns, but as a rule, here in the ovdeevsky direction they go to work one at a time, clearing forest belts, here is fresh footage of drones hitting an enemy control center. and how extreme, good, extreme, good, right in the face. the fire comes from self-propelled guns, but the svk is the main artillery of the brigade, mobile and fast, that is. necessary in the conditions of the northern military district, when there is a constant counter-battery fight. the main difference between this vehicle is the btr-80 base.