look, pavel, snow, i think you didn’t write down the word snow, because you discussed a volcano, but what does a volcano have to do with water, and it will bring this snow to the hot squares in the summer heat, it’s a fountain, water with mountains will come to...

fountain square 5:30 mr. potashov, you didn’t know this riddle of leonard, this riddle of leonard, and even anastasia shutovo and yuri filippov didn’t help you, you know, i can’t really hear what ’s going on there next to nastya, but i think not, yuri, louder, louder, i came for you, yuri, it’s too late, sir. andrey kolesnikov from the city of livny will receive 100,000 rubles from alfabank. mr. gazansky, how many rounds do you think we have left before the end of the summer series? good question, you know, my facial muscles are a little stiff with anxiety about this result, the current one, but it seems to me that we will see a full game and we will see the experts take theirs, because this is a fantastic team, i think they will cope . they can do everything, the only thing is that,

you know, a little nostalgia is already flooding in, because the holidays are ahead, and we have to wait for the autumn series, the fans will not have any holidays, because the european championship is in full swing and the russian football championship will begin very soon, and of course, a huge number of tennis tournaments, all of this can be followed absolutely free in the winline application, so enjoy the sport and we will wait for the end of today's denouement, thank you, rosatom, knowledge corporation, they were like a friendly family, there is no need to talk about this, yana, you don’t understand how dangerous this is, kidnapping, attempted murder police officer, hostage taking, i was watching tv there, yana shot. oleg, he’ll get them

out of there, the police are looking for a woman and a boy, no one is looking for a man and a girl, we look like tserkurodov, honestly, for europe it’s the same thing when a father abandons his children, they call him the biological father, i didn’t abandon you, then why you wasn’t with us, by the way, our estonian colleagues left behind with the dogs, they will soon be taken, colleague, we need to save him, he started this mess himself, let him sort it out himself, in my opinion, what? but taxi what is it? we can’t go to a colleague’s house, you know? it’s better if we stay here, not a colleague, to dad, he did everything for me, for you, and we give it to him, one chance for three, premiere, tomorrow, after the program, time, in memory of anastasia zavorotnyuk, we remember a wonderful person, an amazing woman, colleague, friend, anastasia.

a person can live after death only in art, only art can defeat death on saturday. on the first, what a grandmother

in a leather jacket, young, cool, oh, in vain,

fathers and sons from june 23 on the first, humor is the most important thing in our life, you can’t live without a smile, when you smile, everything goes better, then i’ll tell you an anecdote, if i see a sad person, then it’s a joke with... laughter prolongs life, laughter is emotions and laughter energizes us new achievement. there is food on the table, cucumber and potatoes, i

’m not afraid to work, especially with a horse, smiles and so that there is simple human happiness. russia, we love you. winline: victory goes to those who make the difference, you can only love what you know. rosatom, knowledge corporation. in a few minutes the fate of the main prize of the summer series of what, where, when will be determined. the crystal owl will be awarded to the best player of the winning team. and if tv viewers answer today, the author

of the best question will also receive an alpha bank card in the amount of 500,000 rubles. ninth round. dear tv viewers, the final of the year will take place at the end of december and a record prize fund is expected there. now is the time to come up with a good question to participate in the main game of the 2024 season. send your questions by email, mail, or by filling out form on.

olga played five times and won five times , including the last final of the year. this is olga. mr. pogorelov, imagine, she has never lost to experts. i know that you are afraid of hoku, but it seems to me that you should start this hoku. it will be easier than finishing. attention, question. what words does the 16th century japanese poet yosa buson begin with? heavy dew makes

the quivers in the corner heavy. first line for you. without a fight, without without action, that is, and this morning, no, morning, look, from abundant dew, from abundant the dew is getting heavier.

they don’t offer you help they don’t offer us help it’s true what we are doing where do we get a minute on credit mean this is being offered to you? yes, pavel remembered this. allen, we need to decide something. let me take a chance and try to answer. so, the experts ask for a minute on credit. if mr. verkhoshinsky is ready to provide this minute, then i have no objection. conversed, we are ready to provide this minute. so. well, what should you do, you didn’t ask for a minute, i didn’t actually ask for

a minute, and then answer, sorry, sorry, i didn’t understand you, i ask for your answer, alyon, please, this is a terrible moment, but now you understand, the loan has been approved, it’s already as if it was necessary, okay, let us answer our version, please. peaceful morning, peaceful morning, heavy dew makes the quivers heavy, why are the quivers in the corner, what happened, i thought you were reading the correct answer, it contains our words, and why is the paramilitary morning easier for you, well, it ’s like a beautiful image, listen ,

hunting lodge, from the abundant dew, the quivers in the corner become heavy, hunting lodge, that’s the name of the house where you and i play, to unfortunately, you were in a hurry, the score becomes 6:3 in favor of the tv viewers. 6:3 in favor of

tv viewers, alena polusheva’s team this time failed to snatch victory. here are the names of the viewers and the winners. 1000 rub. dmitry ananin from moscow, question about the female calendar. by the way, you had a version on this question. andrey kamyn. from georgievsk a question about sharzha, lina munasipova a question about marmots and arkars, andrei kolestnikov from the city of livny, a question about the riddle of leonardo, finally olga nikolaeva from the khimkhotnichnaya house. mister chilimitinov, who was the best in the team of experts today? well, unfortunately, the miracle did not happen today, and the best, in my opinion, was vitaly pogorelev.

but mrs. polushov decided not to listen to me. so, now the best player of the summer series will be determined. first, vladimir verkhashinsky will tell us the best question. this game, please, vladimir, mister, i really liked the question, of course about the hunting lodge, because we are all in the hunting lodge, but in general, mr. giyazov and i discussed that in the thirteenth sector in this good questions this season, but today is a rare case when a question is such that, in our opinion, it is the best question of the evening, and we get this from daria pavlova,

questions of the trans sector, about models and hangers, 2000 rubles. 200,000 rubles from alfabank. i remind you of our regulations, if members of the academy of television viewers support the candidacy proposed by mr. verkhoshinsky, the decision will be made. mrs. polyanskaya, let's start with you. what was the best question today? it seems to me that i would choose the question about the hunting lodge, although i also want to talk about marmots and argali i really liked the question. well, we need one thing, about a hunting house, about a hunting house. mrs. medvedeva, what is your opinion, i liked the question about marmots, about marmots , so it will be easy for me, i feel so, mrs. alekseeva, which question did you like best? about marmots, about marmots? well, if

possible, i'll ask for opinions. you know, it seems to me that i recognized your applause in the thirteenth sector, no, that would be that, no, i agree that the tv viewer received 200,000 and this is very fair, but forgive me, sir verkhashinsky, after all, you can’t separate the question of what, where, when, from the context, never,

how the discussion went, what it was about, what situation it happened in, that’s all the parameters for me. the question that i will now name, i can’t even nominate, i can just say a point of view, it is on a par with academician korolev 12, who became, well, as if in history, what is where when, this is the question that in this context with an untaken minute on credit, so on, of course, a hunting lodge, here sir, thank you, mr. cheremisinov, by the way, i have never seen you i asked which question did you like best, hunting lodge, is it hunting lodge for you?

the reward is waiting for you, olga nikolaeva is awarded a crystal selfie and an alfabank card in the amount of 5,000 rubles. olga, we congratulate you, let’s turn off the music, tishchina, and most importantly, mr. kozlov, that olga scored the sixth point today, show mr.

kozlov, and received a crystal owl, which means that she, by the way. becomes an academician of the academy of television viewers, mrs. medvedeva, is that why you didn’t want to give it to her? so, olga nikolaeva, i congratulate you, dear tv viewers, she is waiting for a long break before the start of the autumn series, there will be time to relax. summer games at the club are finished somewhere, thank you all very much. you can only love what you know. rosatom,

knowledge corporation. there are many options, but only one is correct. alfabank for the smart and free. greetings, friends, this is a podcast chronicling the end of times and i, evgeny dodolev, today i will tell you about the first and last, and therefore the only miss press of the ussr competition that was celebrated.

inviting me here as a judge on the jury, he will receive the broadcast of the first channel, because at that moment i was collaborating with the vit television company, i was previously the co-host of the gaze program, which, in fact, was such a key element in the vid company, as an inheritance from the gaze program the television company received a broadcast on friday evening, which it filled. a variety of new projects, because the program was, let me remind you, closed to those in the tank, that is, he understood that it would be on the air, that is, it was such, well,

relatively speaking, barter, i don’t know how it worked out with the rest , member of the jury, which we will talk about later, and indeed the vid television company made a film called miss ussr, and, by the way, the director of this film was ivan ivanovich demidov. before this , unknown to the country, because he was a director, directors are shady people, as a rule, but after this film, he launched the muzaboz project, became the helmsman, the helmsman of muzaboz, one of the most famous presenters, in general a tv guru, oh well, the song is not about him at all, so this competition was invented, because in general, in principle, these beauty contests in the last years of the soviet union, at the time of the end of times, they became very popular, that is, since it was such an element of some western life, or perhaps forbidden,

girls in swimsuits show themselves, make one or another career, by the way, my beloved colleague, leonid arkadyevich yakubovich started as a conference host for these... beauty contests, i'm not talking about the miss press contest, i'm saying there were a lot of these contests, it's just alyosha romanov, he came up with the idea to do these cruises, these cruises became very popular, good money was earned money, there were scandals with these cruises, i remember that the first contact was vladislav listiv, the most famous tv presenter, the country's favorite and the first head of ort. actually the first channel, he was just because of these competitions, when sasha gypsy showed up in his office, sasha gypsy was such a bandit,

he introduced me to him. spitz, well, there was a whole podcast, by the way, about bandits from show business, a podcast from the chronicles of the end of times line, you can find it on the website 1tv.ru, sasha tsygan was such a philanthropist, that is, he really liked sponsor new projects, he helped start such an artist as vlad stashevsky, so he really wanted to be a co-founder of these cruises with vlad.

the missres ussr cruise, which i will repeat, was organized by romanov, but behind him there was another person, a businessman like golomov, then i introduced him to kersan lemzhin, then he spent the last years in prison, i don’t know what the case was, but this is because he was a former officer of the soviet army, he had an idea of ​​where he could make money, he made money on these cruises, in in particular, there was a premiere. cruise miss press of the ussr, journalists from various publications were selected there, in particular, the tv company vid was represented by yana chernukha, who later got a job on air, like almost all the participants in this competition, as this enticement and bait for people who paid for tickets for

the opportunity to travel. in the year ninety-one , oleg gazman’s first album was released, i still have a photograph in my archive, where on board this ship is georgia, oleg with his director, oleg on the right, this is sasha tolmatsky, his then director, many people know him, they remember him as the father and producer of detslo, there is virtually every face you simply will not

see on this plan, this is it. some kind of star of one scale or another, that’s what people actually went for, because it was possible with gazmanov, who had just come out, and putana’s song and saul, that is, he thundered then, it was the musical discovery of the year , for the opportunity to hang out with him, sit at the same table in some company, sunbathe on the deck, together go on excursions, people actually paid very...

a scandalous figure, on the other hand , an interesting woman, so i also know some people who actually went to kondulain there, actually went to look at kondulain to be able to court her, invite her to a restaurant there somewhere in neapoli where we went, i don’t remember the route now, i just remember for sure that we were the first soviet tourists on the island of rhodes, now it’s like such a tourist point has been developed, then, when the soviet union still existed, the soviets were not seen there, there were separate stories, as i will not dive into this, so as not to leave the actual story about the competition itself, but it was a competition - it was not a swimsuit competition, that is, it in fact, there were very talented and interesting journalists there, very promising ones.

and some have even already managed to do something in the industry, this is the trip itself, this cruise itself has become a landmark for many, in particular ivan ivanovich demidov, who was the director of the film miss ussr, and i was the author of this film, we filmed it all for channel one, he, uh, for one of the clips, in my opinion, it was a clip of chris kelmi, and he noticed there on this cruise - dancers who to some, some dance group and invited them to star in this video, to be honest, i didn’t remember it, i didn’t know it then, many years later, many years later i was told about it... said one of these dancers, this is andrei grigoriev apolonov, that is, the same red-haired ivanushka, he was visiting me once, we put the cat in good hands, i had such a project, we

helped with shelters, furry animals find owners, so he told me that we knew each other ninety-first year, when he was nothing at all there, he was just a boy, and he danced in... grandiose, that is, this cruise gave the green light not only to many journalists, but also to many musical groups, although it happened, by the way , with the musicians on the laying, i remember that there was a huge scandal, aziza was there then, it was very, very popular in those years, there was a stop in istanbul, we went through istanbul and... we returned to the mediterranean sea, naturally, also through the dardanelles and basfort, also with a stop in istanbul, i don’t remember the first or second second stop, but i definitely remember the mega scandal associated with aziza, and this has nothing to do with music, which means the fact

is that naturally in istanbul everyone then ran to the markets, that is, to buy leather jackets, jeans, it was still the soviet union , that is, it was still a time of shortage, but already... these shuttles were carrying with all their might, and of course, a trip abroad, especially to turkey, was always associated with the purchase of some kind of crap, well, in addition to crap, everything else, where a wife and child, she’s not my wife, you know, she’s the one you got involved in all this because of a girlfriend with a child, but everything is complicated, the child seems to be mine, vitya, please stop crying, honey, if you don’t help me now, then i can’t handle it alone, it’s forbidden to approach the russian embassy , ​​especially to establish surveillance on it. i'm in vacation. one chance for three. premiere. tomorrow, after the program time. don't touch

me, and don't touch mom, and don't give orders anymore. we don't need your help. we can handle it ourselves, i’ll save my mother myself. well, hello, baby. this is a podcast chronicling the end of times, and i, evgeny dodolev, tell you about the scandals and discoveries of the first and last miss press ussr competition, i will return to cozizen, so that i don’t remember, i have already mentioned dimidov and his project, muzaobos, which people of many generations remember , absolutely cool idea with this jingle, with ivan in glasses, generally with glasses. this was again an idea that was born on this particular cruise, because when we were leaving odessa, this cruise, ivan and i were wandering around some odessa streets and markets, i repeat, i was

more or less like that recognizable, because he acted as a co-host in several issues of the look, and ivan was very nervous that people recognized him, came up, something was wrong... such a trick, that here’s a trick with glasses, like, you’re wearing glasses, you’re ivan davidov, that 's it, you came out on stage, that's it, you took off your glasses, you just a blond, former sergeant of the airborne forces, in general some kind of, so to speak, incomprehensible person, this is his cool idea, that this detail with glasses turns you immediately into a trade mark, into a star, she was born. it was in odessa, in the city of istanbul , that these very glasses were bought, the glasses of ivan demidov, those, those in which he recorded his famous jink, in which he hosted the muzabos program and chose these glasses, evgeny margulis, musician,

it just happened before my eyes how they bargained, i even remember the amount for how many of these brand glasses were purchased, i won’t name either one, but yes, this project... was developed precisely during this cruise, that is, those people who shot this film, they then worked on the musical music project and not only here - but to close the topic of show business, i’ll go back to zeze, every liner, it pays for parking in the established careers of many journalists, the port, and any kind of delay, that is , a violation of the schedule, it is fraught with large fines, that is, if the ship must leave from...

for the corpses, these black plastic bags, she was with this huge bag, which was actually dragging, semi-dragging, here is something purchased in istanbul, not only can it be for the stage, there is also, by the way, this cruise, it is also connected, of course, with the fact that many of the artists who went there, in particular my comrade kelmi, they were still in the old soviet...

thundered - when it was the case with the murder of talkov, in short, there were a lot of interesting people, i still have photographs, for example from this cruise, where daria aslanova, who then made a splash by writing her memoirs, she made a splash then, and then she became a very serious war correspondent, one of our leading newspapers and is still working. i remember when tiri meisan came to moscow, i

introduced him to heydar jamal, such a philosopher, very famous, with channel one columnist mikhail leontiev with daria aslamova, i even have recordings of this conversation and photographs of this meeting, here she is and there was daria, not so long ago detained, she was suspected of espionage, such a very, very... desperate reporter, there was a very loud story when she and her comrades, in my opinion, the photographer was captured by militants and were going to shoot her colleague, well, that is, in the sense that this was not some girl in swimsuits - this was a real reporter who would give a 100-point head start to any other person who is engaged in investigative journalism, in fact, she had already gone in the status of a very famous scandalous...

a very difficult situation, he owed , and him were supposed to kill, and i remember that he called me, said that he was going to the arrow, that he might not return, if he didn’t return, he asked me to do a number of things, but the arrow, thank god , ended happily, he just explained that if they kill him now, then well

, there won’t be any money, but he’ll hold another event, and he’ll give the money back, that’s what happened, by the way, that is... this cruise in miss press was published year after year, it took place in ninety-two in ninety-three, then i stopped following this matter, because, well, i had various newspaper projects there, in addition, my friends from those who are usually called respectable said that it would be like being a judge of a competition where girls wear swimsuits , this doesn’t seem to correspond to my reputation, as a serious journalist who is engaged in journalism from...research, and then i completely went for an internship overseas and somehow, in general, i had no time for these competitions, i didn’t follow the fact what 's going on, but in one of the famous musicians pyotr podgorodetsky, who was also on this cruise, later described in his memoirs that

he met those girls who were contestants in a variety of places, including one of them who had a career in the same place. america, i never thought about, frankly speaking, the commercial component of all these cruises, because for me it was an opportunity for a free vacation, to go there with my wife, there with friends, i dragged a bunch of my then employees, someone as a photographer, someone as a journalist who wrote about this, but there, before my eyes, i say that many careers took place, not only musical, journalistic, but also, for example, television. dmitry krylov, you know him as the leader of unlucky notes, and so, unlucky notes, these ones, he also came up with on one of these cruises, i have a photograph where we are in front of naples,

why do i know that we are in front of naples, because not only do i have a camera, but dmitry has a camera, and after naples he doesn’t have this camera became. because just directly, when he filmed his first these notes, this project, this program was not yet on the first channel, but he was already working in this direction, he really liked it, a motorcyclist on the street of naples just snatched it from him , grabbed the camera by the lens and pulled and tore it off, that is, his camera did not remain working, although it was very disappointing, because it was the middle of the height of the cruise, but there was material left. that is, this one - there it was clear that this attack was happening, this unfortunately, this was absolutely not the format of such caramel travel stories, so dmitry probably didn’t show these shots to anyone, i think, on the air then they definitely weren’t there, but this project was born

right then, it was the end of times, it seemed to us that we are approaching some new life, peace is friendship, chewing gum, that now europe is open to us, that nothing is needed from us, we don’t need anything, that we will all live together, that is, this was a time of such misconceptions then such a naive, well, for the girls who participated in these projects, it was a time of such career starts, i immediately want to say ahead of the curve, because many people think that since this is a competition, since it means... significant publications, tv channels and newspapers have been opened by the most reputable ones, the ones

with millions of circulations, that is, they they felt , in general, not some kind of sugar daddy behind them. who, uh, paid for them to participate in this competition, and they felt like journalists who were trying to prove that they knew how to work, so yes, naturally, there, like in any other competition, there was this appearance in swimsuits, but it was very insignificant, they realized themselves there precisely in a professional sense, to none of them, but in my memory of 841 , no one even thought of approaching with any proposals, although this one the end of times was characterized by the fact that, of course, the bandits felt themselves to be the masters of life, we chose two leaders.

on the part of the girls to the fact that guests approached them, although let’s say, many of them are from show business, i won’t name their names now, if they are interested, they will tell you themselves, but very many girls at that time were famous or became famous later, they had troubles, very serious ones, one singer said that she came to her cabin, she had the key to this cabin, only she, it would seem, and there she was on the cook i was waiting, which means that here is a respected person, an authoritative one, and

there were also showdowns there, i had to participate in a showdown, there it was only from the captain’s cabin that one could communicate, get in touch with the mainland, that is, there were some endless threats, with journalists have never done this, but they there they complained that they were there in the very... four people sat in a cabin, we were all so crazy there, everyone had their own cabin there, well, i’m talking about the jury members, here they are there in such conditions there were and somehow they ate separately, that is , there was some kind of cabin company divided into different sectors, well, that is, in this regard, i, as a journalist, was very worried about the girls, because it seemed to me that... well, this is something, well, well, the competition is their competition, as if they were bowls, what they called them bowls that’s what the bowls

are in this position i’m always kind of worried about the workshop i remember a little aside i’ll step aside for me ilya verbukh our legendary figure skater now the producer told me that after he finished his sports career and before he started career. a little bit from this bowl and, according to him , now he has a completely different attitude towards the profession, that is, he always meets halfway,

so i’m like a person from the workshop who always worried about the girls, i helped them, for example, they were given interview assignments or record some kind of synchronization or do some kind of story, so i agreed with - not only with my acquaintances, but let’s say there were some celebrities, relatively speaking, with whom i was not personally acquainted, but who were of interest to the contestants with this point of view, here is a competitive one, so i always considered it possible for myself, despite the fact that i was a member of the jury, but i did not go beyond the scope of my judicial activities, i agreed to give an interview, to find... they wanted, since

fees were not provided, with them paid with a vacation, but they wanted to relax, that is, they wanted to sunbathe, drink, go on excursions, and not waste time talking with beautiful girls, but the artist is ready to waste time talking with a beautiful girl in two cases, if this conversation later can develop into something and...

note that only professional people ended up there, that is, they were not selected there for the length of their legs or eyelashes, and very often there were people who could have succeeded in the profession, but made a different choice there, for example, daughter roberta rozhdestvenskaya, not the one you thought about, for sure, because she has a younger sister, here is

the christmas one, she... won one of the competitions, i remember that it was such a headache for us, because here we were sitting - in the cabin , well, the members of the jury said that if we make rozhdestvensky the winner of the miz espresso, then everyone will think that she got it, well, then they will think that she won the competition, which means the daughter of robert rozhdestvensky, everyone will think that it was solely because of last name, on the other hand, take it and ignore it.

maybe later the so-called daddies paid, that is, rich patrons who first bought a place to participate in the competition, then were ready to work, as they called it, with the jury members to explain to them that their chosen one, she was worthy of the title of mis or vice-miss, that is, i ’m telling you absolutely honestly that i

didn’t catch this aspect, maybe. i repeat, precisely because it was, first of all , a professional competition, because it was invented by a professional reporter, because alexey romanov, although he turned into a travel tycoon like this. at that stage, i don’t know, by the way, what happened to him later in the 2000s, he was a sports journalist, very quickly these competitions became obsolete, that is, the borders opened, people began to travel abroad, not only on airliners, but also for me the miss press ussr contest, it became such a memory and a symptom of the end of times, because, country, i really like to quote and i can’t resist once again spompilly that from the song striptis, that the country was dying like an ancient lizard with a new virus in cells, here

one of these viruses, of course, was this competition industry, i remember without any nostalgia, this is just such a stage in my journalistic career. which for me now is of interest not at all like some kind of recollections, but of interest specifically for analytics, like why the country has become different. this was a podcast chronicling the end of times, and i, evgeny dodolev, told you about the first and last and therefore the only miss press ussr competition. dear friends, the creative industry podcast is on the air, with you still alive, real

copies of the presenters, this is still elena kiper, producer and video director, but i haven’t touched it yet, i need to make sure, roman karmanov, general director of the presidential fund for cultural initiatives, is our guest. denis dimitrov is our guest today, managing director for data research at a major bank, i’m very glad to be here, hello, we didn’t just start out like that, because artificial intelligence is really a topic that everyone hears about, but very few people understands what it is, everyone is already afraid, they are afraid, well, in general, of something, but what did they know, what is it like for me too, we know what it is, right now. remotely, what is artificial intelligence? let 's first at least figure out what kind of thing this is, in fact, artificial intelligence, there is absolutely no need to be afraid of it, since we started with this, it is a tool that

helps us do different things, that is, it automates some part of our intellectual work, mostly the routine part, artificial intelligence - this actually usually means some kind of a neural network, what is a neural network, a neural network - you know, you can imagine it... a black box that takes something as an input and gives something as an output, that’s exactly how we imagine it, as black, what’s inside the black box, this is a kind of mathematical function, a function that now, for example, lies behind, for example, generating a picture from text, has, well, there are billions of parameters, so they are so complex that a simple person who is now sitting at our digital tv, about artificial intelligence, here... such an everyday understanding of artificial intelligence - this is artificial intelligence - this is such a black box, you can imagine it like this, everyone has now imagined a black box, what to do with it, which learns

to make some decisions, these decisions can be a huge number of tasks, in fact, which it solves, that is, you take a certain amount of data, well, let’s say, a certain amount of knowledge, well, relatively speaking, you take all the volumes of the tolstoy lion, load them into this black box, and it can give you well.. . still conditionally one volume, as it were, of tolstoy leo, for example, well, in a sense, yes, that is, this function, it learns in this way, that is , the parameters are configured in this way, these billions based on, as it were, so that it is configured, this what does it mean, this means that this, that is , the learning process occurs, if we are talking about language models, such as, for example, well- known, gigachat, for example, then this is a function that takes as input a set of words that tries to predict the following, and thus, if we predict the word many times, then we will get, for example, the next chapter of leo tolstoy, this is what a specific language

model does, after all, a neural network, it can not just compile, it can create some new interesting ones, that is, this is a new quality after all, that is it’s like saying that if the neural network didn’t see an object during training, then of course it ’s unlikely to create it. but with those objects and with those styles that she saw in training, it doesn’t reset, i mean, of course she can do various very, very cool things on in my opinion, that is, it can process , for example, de...

they can study, they have been doing it since school, say, from the ninth grade, sometimes someone is from the seventh grade, in general they are studying at a good level, which was impossible to imagine there even 10 years ago it’s impossible, that is , the level of mathematics is really there, the level of interest of schoolchildren, sometimes even the quality of training programs, which are actually done on artificial intelligence, they allow you to get into this science, and this is really science, it’s difficult, this is mathematics, this is the junction of mathematics, and so actually machine learning calculations, enter already in the seventh grade, and we hold a huge number of hackathon competitions there, and we see that children in general cope with complex tasks no worse than people who graduated from college, and what do they do, that’s what they do, well in fact, the task is the task of a person who deals with artificial intelligence, let’s say neural networks, although in fact there are a huge variety of algorithms and types of algorithms, these are not only neural networks, they’re just very flexible neural networks. that's why

they allow you to solve a huge number of problems, even creative ones, that is, the task of a person who wants to create a model of artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence is how to choose an algorithm that suits the task, although recently there are universal algorithms that solve a huge number of problems, and how to teach him, which is the most important thing, you know, what i discovered for myself is that it is amazing for a person to be creative if he has some images in his head.

it's easier for her to draw it when you wrote it i just want a fish in space, for example, i don’t know where this came from, she needs to figure it out, but she should be in a spacesuit or not, there should be a planet in the background or not, it turns out that surprise, surprise, but in what - in a sense, there will be a fish in space, of course, it’s not clear what kind, you need to learn to control artificial intelligence, of course, yes, of course, and there is actually such a skill that is especially relevant lately, this is industrial monitoring,

our first model was already called that rudali, she came up with it herself, in short, and we know, we seemed to be thinking about how to animate her, or perhaps, let’s say, make her more recognizable, and we decided, at that moment 3 years ago, she created abstract objects, and we kind of thought, what kind of russian artists are there who painted in the style of abstract art, generally speaking, we created kandinsky, the first, the first model was called the smallest malevich.

visual quality of the image, in fact, when we made kandinsky and are doing it, we set the first scientific, such scientific and technical task, firstly, to create something new, secondly, to improve the current architecture, even western, there is huge scope for improvements, and kandinsky - there are 2 lines, here is kandinsky 2.0212, these are three

models, they have a unique architecture, we even have a set of articles, where we talked about this architecture and in general this model is known, well, actually... all over the world, in , say, the scientific, scientific community, in the community of people who use the model, this is the first reason to move progress, the second reason is that if we simply use other people’s neural networks, then we in a sense, limited in what content, how we can influence the creation of content, in fact, what we put into the model, we cannot put into the model if it is not ours, what we could put in if she was ours, roughly speaking, you know, right? that the model learns from data and we can, for example, make a model that better generates russian objects, russian entities. it is clear that western networks, neural networks, they certainly saw, there is the kremlin, and some iconic russian objects, and the character is known what kind of kremlin, well, that is, what kind of

kremlin will there be, exactly like that, yes, that is, they do not specifically set the task of making it generate a model, their task is simply to generate everything in general, but we can set the task to and how we would like to show the model a lot of our... data from such a domestic cultural code, and this applies not only to the domestic cultural code, this applies to any types of data that we want to show to the model, and for this, of course, we need to make our own developments, in memory of anastasia zavorotnyuk , we we remember a wonderful person, an amazing woman, colleague, friend, anastasia zavoratnyuk, born in seventy-one, she didn’t feel very well, everyone thought it was... just a nerve , they went to get checked and found, well, that is, one could say, almost before my birthday, i noticed that she had a new one on her chest, a new mouth pendant, i turn and say, chernishchef, she tells me, no one knows this, i say, and i already know, i say, i need

to buy a burqa , here it is if somewhere transported, transported, then it was all a waste of time, thanks to the doctors and nurses that it didn’t end up anywhere. a person can live after death only in art, only art can defeat death, on saturday on the first. we continue the creative podcast. industry our guest today is denis dimitrov, the man who created the kandinsky neural network, elena kiper and roman karmanov are still with you. and what successes are recognized by zakandinsky already, that’s what he does better than analogues, let’s say,

analogues is the wrong word, well, it seems this means that there are non-reset networks that solve the same problem, generating images from text, for example, although, in what way we are cooler, although kandinsky videos are generated now, uh-huh, now. well, that is, it’s as if we recently introduced a model that generates video, we called it kandinsky video, although it probably should have been called something like torkovsky, well, we called it kandinsky video, we will continue this line, but what does it better, the domestic one knows better cultural code, of course, is what we actually put in front of the model task, and we will certainly develop this further, what is the problem with russian data and... knowledge of the russian domain is that russian data, of course there is less of it, what the model learns from, it learns from data from the internet, that is, from open pairs of images description, it seems to capture the data at the time of the request, no, naturally there is a team that deals with the data, and that is, the data

is already contained in it, it does not search on the internet at this moment, no, no, no, in no way in this case, it creates, in this case, as it were uniqueness where they are stored, this voluminous quantity, a huge amount of data, this is kandinsky... the third one studied on one and a half billion pairs picture text, and you can imagine how many terabytes of data storage is needed, well, there is a supercomputer, it’s like studying all this on a supercomputer and stored nearby in special storage facilities, they are called s3, but these are such large, large data storage facilities that are really for, say, the dataset model to be able to see. they need to be put there, and not just put, you need to remove all low-quality pairs, that is , filter, remove all low-quality ones, if you go to the internet, then in general half of the data will probably be there... not very good quality, all sorts of rubbish, it’s full of rubbish, yes, that’s exactly how the picture doesn’t match description that is written

down there, or it may be that the picture contains a watermark, uh-huh, such data is probably also bad to use, because the neural network will reproduce this watermark, it is now saying that the artists are fighting, that is, they are spoiling their image, so that and it’s not, that’s also true, we also need to fight this, that is, there are a huge number of filters that need to be written. before you give the data to the model, because of course you can’t give everything in a row, it’s like you know, showing a child everything in a row, it’s not clear what he will learn in the end, of course, the data development team is responsible for this, and this is super important , both the activity and the team in itself, because not only half, but more than half of all success depends on it, and that’s after the data is stored, here it is in this. storage, in fact, you can teach a model, yeah, training a model is just

an iterative review of this data and changing this huge number of parameters that i talked about, these billions of parameters that need to be adjusted so that when a new description appears at the input , the picture would correspond to it, we have a video that was created by kandinsky, but before you watch it, the question is, we are conservative people in general. now in general, lately it has been very popular to make photo editors based on or

to rethink current photo editors such as photoshop, integrating ai there, why is this useful, because it is clear that creating pictures from text and editing pictures is much, much easier than actually drawing yourself, then than before people have always done this, it took a huge amount of time, now it’s enough to just write in text, a picture will be generated, you don’t like some area, you covered it up, drew it... i want it, it really simplifies the work of designers, and very much so, that is, the opportunity not only to generate an image, but also to edit it with the same text, yeah, and moreover, to draw not just one picture, but a whole collage of these pictures or a whole panel, that is, you have created a gift for designers, is it necessary, is it necessary now a designer, some designers are afraid of this, that we are sort of automating their work, in fact it’s not like that at all, because artificial intelligence is a tool that allows you to simply... optimize work, it is for any profession, design is no exception at all, there is a routine

part of this work, it needs to be automated as quickly as possible in my opinion, as well as possible, this will only save the time of people there and will increase the quality of the content, and animation, for example, how many routines are there, animation is not about creating videos at all - they actually make films there , how many, well, they can take years there, or now it can happen faster and faster. well , to be honest, technology hasn’t matured to the point of creating full-fledged films yet, but the progress is such that if you are 3 years old, we said that for 3 years we have been working on neural networks, yes, i mean creating a neural network that generates pictures from text, so if you look at how neural networks are, the best neural network is 3 years ago i created the image, then you will see that it is very very bad, let's watch the video, let's watch the video, and then i will ask my questions, uh, what can this do?

frame according to the text, and then you select, that is , how he does it, he draws the first thing, how animation differs from video, in that that animation is a camera flying around a static object, or some kind of camera movement, and video is a full movement of everything, here it is still animation, because there is a first frame. and then we select the camera movement, well, that is, the monotonous camera movement is such a zoomin and we select the first one, draw the first picture using the same zoom and we can, without creating a new model based only on the model that generates an image from the text, generate animations like this, let’s tell you where to look yes yes there is there is actually a telegram bot within which you can create animations like this , that is, anyone can do it, yes. well , that is, it copes with complex tasks, well, that is, a telegram bot, which means, it seems to me, the current task was, in my opinion

, very difficult, i honestly don’t remember what kind of tasks were there exactly, that is, no memory is needed a lot, this is all being created. this is all created on a supercomputer, and oh, a supercomputer is an interesting topic, the training of the model itself and the application of the model, well, it’s called inference, this requires computing power, yeah, the model is huge after all, on an iphone, roughly speaking , it won’t run on your smartphone, although progress is also being made so that it can run on a smartphone, but at the moment kandinsky is running on the supercomputer cristofar, this is our supercomputer on which we we teach and language models. these are generative ones, which turn text into a picture in a video, and that’s where we actually use them, when you make a request, it flies to a supercomputer, it’s processed there, it’s where kanzinsky seems to live, yeah, it is there that he makes a picture from the text, the picture is returned back to you, where you use a telegram bot or bot - this is

a certain number of iterations, that is, i go into the bot, talk about what kind of picture i want to create, a picture comes. then the next stage, i say what i want to see for the movement, and it gives me an animation, and i stand in line, waiting for it all to happen, because millions of people are in the supercomputer, hop, that’s right, yes, but we actually have there are ways to scale, it’s a supercomputer after all contains not one computer, but many, of course, if a million people come, there will be a queue, this is inevitable, in this sense , it’s much better to do inference on a device, that is, a smartphone. because you don’t stand in line, you do it there, but we try to keep a lot of resources on the supercomputer so that the queue is still satisfied, so that there aren’t, say, too many people in the queue at the same time, really, why - do you feel that your competitors are watching you, we feel it, that is, you feel this attention on yourself, yes, and since they are spying on you, it means you

are doing something that apparently causes them, i don’t know, fear, it seems to me that with everyone who is involved in creative... and creating, competitors are spying on something, to be honest, and this is not artificial intelligence, this is not an exception, of course, but just how far you are ahead of your competitors, this is a competitive struggle, relatively speaking, you read the news in the morning there in the evening in any case, and you probably also note this to yourself, but it didn’t happen is there anything that will affect who gets whom? went around, so to speak, at the turn, and of course it is. yes, let’s say, the area of ​​​​creating large models, although it requires a huge number of computing resources, data, and specialists who will actually train all this, but in principle, large bitechs certainly have such teams that are engaged in the development of these models , for example, yandex has a masterpiece and the guys

make a fairly similar technology, the only thing is that they don’t have video generation, but today we only watched animation. it’s as if he didn’t pass on the inheritance to anyone, it’s an open story, yes, when you load data into a supercomputer, you license it, or it’s kind of in the public domain, or it’s not necessary, well, it’s not like they’re all there. public domain, that is, they are on the internet, rather the entire public domain, yeah, when we uploaded them, it’s still like we have their entire dataset as a daddy, we don’t post it anywhere, of course, yeah, it’s stored there as a kind of database, like a kind base, yes, why, actually we can’t do it any other way, because the model needs to be shown, at the training stage, it

really needs to be shown pictures, well then there is this as a truly educational material, the first picture, who is the author of it, artificial intelligence or the person who ultimately generated all this, oh, this, this is a very good question, in fact, who owns the copyright, and this is all being developed, including at the legislative level, and let’s just say that at some point it will probably be enshrined, although it is very difficult. you know, as they used to say, there was an angel on my shoulder, an angel was sitting, and he told me, that’s when the creators of someone have something, what is the difficulty really, determining who the author is, there is data, of course, behind each photograph there is some kind of author who took this photograph, that is, there is an author of the photograph, it’s another matter when there are one and a half billion of them, then it’s like these authors everyone somehow gets mixed up, and most likely

there is no author, there is no author of one and a half billion photographs, that is , this is a huge number of people, there are millions of people, on the other hand there is a company that purchased a supercomputer with its own money, this is a very super-expensive event, in fact in fact, all the calculations took place on this supercomputer, that is... they made some contribution to the creation of the final picture, but so far the story is that if a person, most likely, if a person, well, sort of

logically, each company does it in its own way. in the end, if a person pays for using a neural network and receiving a picture, then he is still the author, that’s most likely the case, and if the motives are guessed from the motives, usually if creates something, a license is issued anyway, i just. may appear, as if companies, developers and so on can lay claim to its authorship, the model itself has a license, for example, kandinsky and this also depends on, that is, a masterpiece is a model that is not...

two stars, fathers and sons, from june 23, on the first. we continue the creative industry podcast, our guest today is the man who created the kandinsky neural network, denis. dimitrov and elena kiper and roman karmanov are still with you, i’m wondering if i’ve generated a masterpiece, then when i’m his masterpiece,

i always want to, no, i always have to mark a masterpiece, so you create something good, and then, is it possible to read from the data of this masterpiece, well , let’s say i send it, someone ends up using it, is it possible to open it , see everything the data, how the iteration took place, that is, or it has already... everything is blocked, this is actually, no, how the generation took place, you can see, of course, that is, what kind of specialist, not i, maybe a specialist, from what data it was created, impossible, yes, but how it was created, that’s how kandinsky creates pictures, i can also tell you on my fingers, imagine how a person creates a picture, any, any image, any painting, he has some kind of white canvas, but not necessarily white. just white paper, some kind of empty, napkin, napkin, yes, there is a tablet screen, he has some kind of idea, of course, he starts sketching out some details, with a pen, a stylus, whatever,

he adds details, maybe removes something, a person also has patterns in his head, that is, he remembers something, he has it, he has he has patterns, this is after training, step by step, he simply creates a picture, like creating a kandinsky model, in principle you can draw an analogy, he begins to draw a picture with the so-called white noise, what is it? well, this is when there is no signal on the tv, there is such interference, it’s just some kind of matrix, naturally there is your request. this is the same idea, as if in a person it is expressed by these signals of neurons, in a neural network it is expressed simply by numbers, which are the text into which the text is encoded, and from this matrix step by step step by step in the process of removing noise in the desired direction, an image is created, that is , the creation of images from this white, this white noise, from this matrix you can simply visualize, that is, there are 100 steps or a thousand steps, for which from any of this

noise. is given and visualized, the final picture appears, so to speak, for example, you want to make a pug in space, yeah, you always have white noise at the beginning, and step by step you get a pug in space at the end of this process, if the noise is slightly a little another, it is clear that the noise can be any way you want, that is, swap two pixels there, there will be another, but also a mob in space, this matrix, in a sense, it is responsible for the model’s imagination, this can be visualized, but here here... in principle, there is an analogy with a person in this sense, and you do all this every day, and we do all this, well , it’s not a russian who does all this every day, we do all this, and we daily improve the neural network so that it is better, this process , let's talk about

the horrors of the future. this is exactly what you just now they were saying, is it possible to assume that in the future, a person will do without this intermediary, generate his own images directly from his head, well, let’s say on some kind of canvas, i don’t know, well, in the digital sense, of course, in fact there is research, i would not say that this is a super big practice there and that it is actively used there. but there are studies that make it possible to decode brain signals, that is, you know, they put uh, that means, a reader of electrical signals in the head, and, for example, it is possible there so that without words you, roughly speaking, understand what you want, or you close your eyes, imagine it as something, i don’t know, for example, some kind of palm tree, and you can decode the picture purely from brain signals at the moment you imagine , that is , what you, what you really presented, in general,

neuroses and others do this too. they don’t make a picture based on the text, but based on these time series of brain signals they make the same picture, in general, as if if you were connected to an electrode like this , you could really be taught a model that understands you without words and draws a picture if you need to draw a picture, but the limitation of these models is that for each person, for now, you still need to learn your own model, that is, for each person, when he imagines.. . palma signals are slightly different, that is , it is not yet possible to train one model for all people, and it is expensive to train a model for each person, and you need a supercomputer for each person, you need a supercomputer, until there is some kind of universal thing, which everyone understands, it won’t be soon, in general, i hope, i hope that not soon, and moreover, it will still remain, that is , there is no need to be afraid of it, even though it sounds futuristic somehow, but there is no need to be afraid of it either, because in general people will use it,

who for some reason... cannot write, and if you know how to write, then you will not attach electrodes to your head, you will, it will be easier for you to write, were there moments when you realized that the neural network that you created, it does something that you did not predict, second, is it necessary to think about how to limit it somehow, generally speaking, it has already begun, in fact, all the generative models that are being created so far, and those that will be created, they are inclined in some way -the moment to hallucinate. this is an official term, it means that if a neural network doesn’t know something, and you still asked it to create it, it can’t create it, it can’t create it, let’s put it this way, that is, it creates something, well, not that you want something wrong, but it creates anyway, and this is probably best seen with and can be traced, as it were, with language models, you know, when gpt came out, these problems were especially visible and they asked what was heavier,

a kilogram of fluff or a kilogram of lead, well... i saw the data, like the word fluff with the word light, she saw much more often than fluff with the word heavy, well, on the contrary, which is logical, and it is clear that the neural network, in the training ones , of course, she answers that a kilogram of lead means heavier, a kilogram of fluff is lighter, yeah, and explains why, for perfection, here it is three three paragraphs why, this is actually dangerous, because a schoolchild, for example, who looks at the answer of this model, he will believe it. then he will go on to broadcast this thought further to his peers, and so on. yes, and what to do? we need to fight hallucinations, in principle, this is the area that is now most actively developing, like this big one. a new model, a generative model, to teach us to hallucinate less, well, we started with the fact that we are, in general, lukewarm, so to speak, if, if only our digital

images created by artificial intelligence, it would be interesting to look at them, of course, here are our models, lena was thinking about what we could look like, we just have something about this, oh, yoshkin, how... that’s okay, this is some kind of thing, and you know how pardinsky sees us like that, yeah, wow, wow, why did he make us look so young, look, he’s giving compliments, but he’s hallucinating, and i see you, in the form of prom in my head i have you that look exactly like this too, and i ’ll actually tell you how photorealistic portraits are made, we have the team that does the detection. display on the internet, and this can bring huge losses to both companies and states, and all sorts of reputational costs, that is, you need

to learn to distinguish what is created by a neural network, what is not, so we actually, as part of detecting fakes, decided to make a model that generates fakes, why, then, so that on the dataset that the generative model of creation generates. fakes, complete the detection model, and so, as part of this work, we did work on detecting fakes fake generation model and applied it here, that is, how does the kandinsky model create your face? first there is a model that describes you, then kandinsky creates your image with a tiger, for example, you can type in anything, there at the sea, there i don’t know, in winter, on skiing, and then the model for generating fakes, this is ours, which helped the fake detection model, it simply transfers the face. that is, this is the real you, in principle, that’s how it is, yes, dear friends, denis dimitrov is our guest in the creative industry podcast on the first channel, the person who created the kandinsky neural network of a wonderful team, and create

the main conclusion, even if we don’t have everything, in general, in the end we understood, there’s still nothing to be afraid of, look at how nice, smart people are doing those things that we can be with for some reason we are afraid of you, no need. they are afraid, because this is the competitiveness of our country, and it is in the reliable hands of people like denis. denis, thank you very, very much, we are waiting for the next stage, the antennas are on your head, there will be analog versions, presenters, elena kiper, music video producer and roman karmanov, general director of the presidential fund for cultural initiatives. this was a creative industry podcast on channel one, see you. there are a lot of contradictory

personalities and characters in our history, but if i were making a rating on this matter, i would probably put pyotr chiodaev in first place, this man very... loved russia and at the same time scolded it mercilessly, with his eyes open, well because of these open eyes, in fact, they called him crazy, and declared his madman personally was his imperial majesty nicholas i, and this is probably a unique case not only in russian, but also in world history in general, when the tsar himself, the emperor, yes, made a medical diagnosis and at the same time an actual sentence, but scolded...

he participated in the battle of borodino, near maloyaroslavl, in fact , chadayev took part in all the most important battles and in the end, with the russian army he reached paris, received orders there for all these battles. during the patriotic war, later rose to the rank of captain, he resigned, alexander i offered the post of his fliglutant, however, it means that chadayev refused this, just like the decembrists, he was a freemason, and reached considerable degrees there, in the masonic lodges, was part of the union of prosperity, that is , from the organization where i came from. decembrism, in fact, the west influenced

decembrism itself to a huge extent, influenced, of course, chadaev himself to a huge extent, although from my point of view there is, like some kind of paradox, there are many such contradictions of paradoxes around the figure of chadaev, he was, i would say, even more of a westerner, yes, than the decembrist, but at the same time he belonged to the same west... well, in my opinion, still more critical, he was always on his own, he i didn’t want to imitate anyone, although of course, the fact that he visited the west, and he visited england, france, switzerland, italy, germany, of course, this left an imprint on his entire worldview, and when he returned to russia, he was arrested , by the way, according to december.

chiodayev pushkin's christ-loving comrade , she, the star of captivating happiness, will come, russia will hide from the foundations and write our name on the block of autocracy. this is just one of the dedications, so to speak, of chaadaev, actually

a message to chaadaev, yes, here, uh, speaking of resignation, there is a mysterious story with the resignation that was discussed, the resignation of chiodaev, it was discussed very much in society then, because chiodaev was , despite his youth, he was 23 years old at that moment, he was very famous in society, well, a bright figure, seryozh, as for age, we forget about the historical context, he became student. msu at the age of 14, yes, first for listeners, yes, then for students, yes, yes, so 23 years was a lot at that time, in general people matured much faster then than now, this is not bad and not good, it’s just a statement , so many copies have been broken among researchers, among those, among contemporaries, there were rumors regarding the cause of his resignation, one of the rumors was that he allegedly cared so much about his toilets that that’s why he was late... and he was sent there in connection with the news of

uprising of the semenovsky regiment, and he went to alexander, who at that time was outside the russian border as a courier, who was supposed to report the uprising of the semenovsky regiment, in which his friends the decembrists did not take part, but future decembrists, but who actually they were accused of this, they were then sent to different troops, although this uprising was connected with a very simple thing, arakcheevets was appointed commander of the regiment . ardent schwartz, colonel schwartz, who brought the regiment down with his nagging, his corporal punishment before the uprising, practically torture, i would say torture punishment, and it must be said that the semenovsky regiment is a guards regiment in which, in principle, corporal punishment, which was then actively present in the russian army, was usually not used, including veterans the war of the twelfth year and foreign campaigns, who, of course, were not accustomed to such an attitude towards themselves, although they were ordinary soldiers, and so yuri mikhailovich lotman.

for the sake of honor, what he did was to sharply declare his resignation, but the fact is that alexander i needed a disinterested confidant, but in the role of such a confidant he already had arakcheev at the time when, by the way, alexander noticed that his confidant, whom he trusted, was doing something selfish , yes, he was really noticed, then he instantly distanced himself from the royal trust, but there was a different story: alexander did not tolerate people who argued with him. and chiodaev tried to act as a critic and, accordingly , here his career definitely had to end, and there was an element of humiliation in in this sense, because when chiadaev was dismissed, he was dismissed in the same rank, they usually gave a higher rank, and he was dismissed in the same rank of rotmister, in addition

, his letter to his aunt was illustrated, which is very about him cared for him, cared for him very much, chayadai’s parents died early, and he wrote to her, and i... it was opened, it was later found among the rearranged papers in the royal office, i found it more fun to neglect this favor than to achieve it, i was pleased express disdain people who disdain everyone, in this case it’s even more pleasant for me to see the anger and anger of an arrogant fool, but this was re-illustrated, reported to the emperor, well, with the ensuing consequences, including, well , if we talk about the views of chaodayev, then of course they are absolutely unique, a figure in this ... of our history of russian thought, this is not even a current, this is some kind of pole that causes such heavy magnetic storms, so he, it seems, did everything possible so that his compatriots, so to speak, would not love him, so he was a pupil

european philosophy, to a large extent a philosopher, he also argued with westerners, he argued more or less correctly, and that... look at a big cannon, a big bell, a cannon from which you can’t fire, and a bell that fell before it rang. an amazing city in which the sights are absurd, or maybe it’s a large bell without a tongue, a hieroglyph expressing this huge silent

country that is inhabited by a tribe that called themselves slavs, as if i’m surprised that a human word has anything. well, it's a shame, of course can be cruel, offensive, largely unfair, really crashed even before it began, more precisely, yes , these famous philosophical letters of chiodaev were written in 1828-31, but for quite a long time very few knew about them, because they were not published, but they were on the lists, but it was a kind of publishing house at that time, so to speak, so that’s why there was some kind of top. intellectual, courtier too, probably read all this before, but the bomb exploded in 1936, when these philosophical letters were published in the magazine telescope, and this first letter was just

published, it immediately caused a huge indignation, even today these lines undeniably hurt, which means chodaev wrote: “centuries and generations have passed fruitlessly for us. observing us, one could say that here the universal law of humanity is reduced. alone in the world, we gave nothing to the world, we took nothing from the world, we did not contribute in any way to the forward movement of the human mind, everything that we got from this movement, we distorted, if a horde of barbarians, those who shook the world didn't get through the busy our country, before the invasion of the west, we would hardly have given our heads to world history, when the great man decided to civilize us, well, we are naturally talking about peter, and in order... to want enlightenment, he threw us the cloak of civilization, we raised cloak, but we haven’t touched enlightenment,

we have something in our blood that rejects any real progress, well, that is, this crazy idea that russia and progress are incompatible, in fact, in one phrase you can that's all to summarize, here this sharp prick, or a thrown pebble, so to speak, generated a lot of water, and gave birth to a whole wave, but such a slap in the face, and it was of course a very loud slap, in general , our compatriots had never received before, and that’s the thing, probably, mm, the serious thing was that if chaodaev had written only about the nikolaev era, criticized it, well, probably many would have understood this, the meaning is so deep in this... what i just quoted, this fragment, he of course, more broadly, he is, he writes, this is criticism and

past, present, future itself, if russia is not able to progress, then everything will be the same for the future, and of course it was very difficult to tolerate this, but in our old days they very often wrote that the authorities were indignant. the upper echelons, so to speak, were indignant, this is not so, this is absolutely not so, because the letter outraged then, well , almost all russians who became acquainted with this, one of his contemporaries wrote: never, since they began to read in russia and write, no literary or scientific event produced such a huge influence, for about a month there was almost no house in the whole of moscow in which... even the round ignoramuses, barons, officials who drowned in embezzlement and bribery,

half-crazed saints, young fatherland lovers , old patriots, would talk about chaodayev’s history, all united in one general cry, curse and contempt for a person who dared to insult russia, there is a lot of such evidence, that is, in other words, well, this cry, yes...

“we will stay here, not a colleague, to dad, he did everything for me, for you , and we him we betray, one chance for three, premiere, tomorrow, after the program time, this is a historical podcast, we continue the conversation about pyotr yakovlevich chaadayev, even alexander sergeevich pushkin, who was complacent towards him and was very affectionate towards pyotr yakolevich, spoke out against chaodayev’s position.” wrote: he is higher by the will of heaven, born in the shackles of the royal service, he would have been a brood in rome,

a crossroads in athens, but here he is an officer of the hussars. this was written early, you already quoted the letter to chaadaev, he has more than one letter to chaadaev, this is the part a humorous epigram, but pushkin in april 1936, after the publication of the letter, wrote a critical response to chiodaev, where he analyzed it in sufficient detail, he writes himself, which turned out to be huge. the letter examines his point of view, i will not quote this letter in full, although it is very worth reading, because from my point of view, alexander sergeevich here, from the point of view of historical accuracy, not only from my point of view, was more right. of course, than pyotr yakovlevich. he writes, as for thoughts, you know that i do not agree with you on everything. there is no doubt that the schism, the division of churches, separated us from the rest of europe, that we did not take part in any of the great events that shook it, but we had our own special purpose. it was russia, this vast space, that was swallowed up by the mongol invasion. the tatars did not dare cross our western borders, leaving us in the rear. they retreated to their deserts, the tatars,

i mean, and christian civilization was saved. for achievement. this goal we had to lead a completely special existence, which, having left us as christians, made us, however, completely alien to the christian world, so that through our martyrdom the energetic development of catholic europe was freed from any hindrance, that is, pushkin here looks at the role of russia in the pan-european context. you say that the source from which we drew christianity was unclean, and they are talking here about byzantium. pushkin objects: “oh, my friend, wasn’t jesus christ himself born a jew, and wasn’t jerusalem among the nations, the gospel from this, isn’t it?” less amazing, from the greeks we took the gospel and tradition, but the spirit of childish pettiness, but not the spirit of childish pettiness and word disputes, that is, here too he denies chiodaev the rightness, and he did not limit himself to criticizing chiodaev before peter’s story , and he writes: as for our historical insignificance, i absolutely cannot agree with you, the warriors of oleg and svyatoslav, even the feuds of the appanages, isn’t this a life

full of ebullient imagery of the ardor of aimless activity, which is different from all. peoples, the tatar invasion is a sad and great spectacle, the awakening of russia, the development of its power, its movement towards unity, towards russian unity, of course, both ivans, the majestic drama that began in uglich, is all this really not history, but just a pale half-forgotten dream, but peter the great, who is one whole story, and catherine ii, who put russia on the threshold of europe, and alexander, who brought you, i am far from admiring everything that i see around me, how writers irritate me, as a person with i am offended by prejudices, speaking modernly. but i swear on my honor, for nothing in the world i would not want to change my fatherland to have another history other than the history of our ancestors, as god gave it to us, and the lines are truly brilliant, and here it is ultimately difficult to disagree with pushkin, there is such a point the view that what he wrote, these philosophical letters, they call it some kind of intellectual

provocation, well, in fact, it probably is, it happened, at least it happened, although i think that many, uh, what was annoying was that they understood perfectly well that, well, i don’t know, this is not, they called him crazy, but these are not some statements of some holy fool, as in the old days, and this is not some kind of public shocking, the fact of the matter is that this was written absolutely seriously. these are such hard-won thoughts, the potential that exists is very important here, and russia has enormous potential, so in any case, you can’t look at just today, but this very premise of chaodayev, that in the past and today, in the future, it is not works, in fact, it doesn’t work, this publication,

it had the effect of such an explosion, so... it was necessary to react to it somehow, well, nikolai, as you already said, reacted in his characteristic manner, he summed up the scandal by accepting considering the unhealthy state of the unfortunate man, the government, in its solicitude, orders him not to leave the house, to provide him with free medical benefits, in general, he was under this house arrest and was released.

so to speak, and also in their own way tried to drive these demons out of him. greatest what caused outrage among the reading public, nikolai himself, uvarov there, the minister of education, benckendorff, was the phrase: the paragraph that was probably the most harsh, i will quote: peoples are moral beings, just like individuals, i will note in parentheses that he considered the moral law to be the main thread of the development of society, and in general his

philosophical letters are letters about the philosophy of history, first of all, and this philosophy of history is completely religious, that is, the moral law, the gospel law, yes, it is realized in history, in this sense it is a little reminiscent of the late schelling, probably, but these are different, different. details, they are brought up by centuries, as people are brought up by years, it can be said about us that we constitute, as it were, an exception among peoples, we belong to those of them who, as it were, are not part of the human race, but exist only for the purpose of in order to teach a great lesson to the world, i will quote these words very often later, in different contexts, opponents of the bolsheviks, disillusioned with russia because of the october revolution, will this is a lesson to the world to call the october revolution, quote cha odaev, in turn, uh, critics of the tsarist regime will use this phrase in order to strengthen their arguments criticizing the autocracy and so on, a very quotable phrase, but often taken out of context, but

the fact is that chadaev really puts the west, namely europe, at the center of the world, it is precisely this fragment that chiodaev will later refuse in his apology for a madman, which, unfortunately, none of the readers of the philosophical letter, the first philosophical letter published in the magazine telescope. i haven’t read it, it’s important to say that chiodayev’s legacy is not limited to the first philosophical letter, they know it first of all, but there were much more of them, there were eight of them, plus there was an apology for a madman and a number of unpublished articles, they very gradually reached the reading public. in the second letter, for example, chiodaev developed the idea of ​​​​the superiority of catholicism over orthodoxy further; this letter would probably have outraged, maybe even no less than first, he builds a philosophy. history, as i already said, a completely religious philosophy of history, in one of the letters, in my opinion, uh, in my opinion, in my opinion, in the sixth letter he contrasts aristotle with epicurus, speaking of aristotle as a child of darkness, and epicurus

a materialist, despite the fact that he himself is a religious thinker, chiodae is to a large extent a religious thinker, yes, he puts the materialist epicurus on a pedestal, only here it is necessary to note that epicureus does not mean epicureanism, epicureus himself has a very relative relationship to epicureanism. relationship, since epicurus considered the highest joys for a person, the highest pleasure, to be aesthetic pleasure, and not bodily, and bodily pleasure is hedonism, not picureanism, and epicurus rather condemned this. so, again there is a contradiction. and this letter was also not known. based on this, the interesting question here is how chaodayev’s letters reached the reading public. based on those copies of philosophical letters that were in the then samizdat. as you said, they were sold out to the revering public, only in the sixty- second year the first, sixth and the eighth philosophical letters in french abroad. let's look, yes, the first philosophical letter, this

is our nicholas era, the apology of a madman is the time of nicholas ii, publication, yes, and a complete set of philosophical letters, interestingly, a small nuance, gershinzon, the first biographer of chiodaev, unfamiliar with most philosophical letters, tried to predict their content. books, i was wrong about everything, in memory of anastasia zavorotnyuk. we remember a wonderful person, an amazing woman, a colleague, friend. anastasia zavorotnyuk. eh, seventy -first year of birth, she didn’t feel very well. everyone thought it was just a nerve inflammation. they went to check and found it. well, that is, you can say, almost yes on your birthday. i noticed that she had a new one on her chest. a new pendant, i turn around and say, she tells me: no one knows this, i say, but i already know, i need to buy a burqa, if it was transported somewhere, taken somewhere, then it

was all in a burqa, for doctors, nurses, what it didn’t spill out anywhere, i wanted to come up and say it can’t be, get up, when in the morning there were terrible, monstrous, blatant publications about how much grimate there was. a person can live after death only in art, only art can defeat death, on saturday on the first, humor is the most important thing in our lives. you can’t live without a smile, when you smile, everything goes better, then i’ll tell you a joke, if i see a sad person, then i’ll sing a song, or something else, the most important thing for me is that there are people around me... a sense of humor is appropriate

always, but you need to know in what moments, laughter prolongs life, laughter is an emotion and laughter energizes us for a new achievement, there is food on the table, a cucumber with potatoes, i’m not afraid to work, especially polish, smiles and so that there is simple human happiness, russia, we love you, we continue the podcast russia and the west on the swing of history. today our topic is the biography and philosophical letters of pyotr yakolevich chiodaev. well, you already mentioned the apology of a madman, this is like a continuation, already critical, in many ways chadaev’s comprehension of his own philosophical letters. yes, that's a lot. resembled such

an apology to some extent, perhaps, to russia, but no one during his lifetime, so to speak, chiodayev recognized this apology, for the first time, it was published, in my opinion, in kazan, provincial in 1906, that is, after the first russian revolution, which means he wrote in this apology for a madman, i have long wanted to say, and i am happy. that there is now an opportunity to make this confession, yes, there was an exaggeration in this indictment presented to the great people, whose entire guilt ultimately boiled down to that he was thrown to the extreme edge of all civilizations in the world. finally, perhaps, it was an exaggeration to be sad, even for a minute, for the fate of the people, from the depths of which came the mighty nature of peter the great, all about...

yes, one more thing, there are a lot of thoughts scattered throughout the letters, just like you are talking about letters, so also, from the letter to alexander turgenev, you know, i hold the view that russia is called to an immense intellectual task, its task is to give in due time a solution to all the issues that are arousing disputes in europe, that is, to in my opinion, this is exactly the opposite of what... perhaps, perhaps, although i repeat

that the result, yes, it was a kind of intellectual provocation, it served as an impetus for the development of russian, so to speak, thought, political, social and so on, because this sharpness, especially, yes, not only the text itself, not us itself... maybe there would not have been such an effect, but the thought itself, and the fact that it was expressed so sharply, it led to the fact that our people, well, thinking people, they thought for the first time about the identity of russia, about its place in the world in general, about its future. about the fate of russia,

the future, yes, it was a painful blow, on the other hand, this blow gave an impetus, a huge impetus to the development of these very different trends in russian social thought. it’s interesting that the apology for the madman that you quoted, he is much more nervous and energetic than philosophical letters, in it, in addition to the fact that he apologizes, yes, he, for example, builds there, as if responding to pushkin’s criticism.

prices too chiodaev was mistaken, because now already in the 21st century we see that the east, china, first of all, is showing a new round of its development, and chiodaev, of course, overestimated the colonial one. the successes of europe, yes, the decline of the east, having decided that this is a constant, yes, he was also mistaken here, but on the other hand, who can see the truth one and a half hundred years in advance, but chiodaev in his apology directly wrote about his tasks, i just said, i just repeat that it’s time to take a clear look at our past and not in order to extract from it old decayed relics, old ideas absorbed by time, old antipathies, which the common sense of our sovereigns and the people themselves ended long ago, but in order to find out... how we should relate to our past, that’s actually why he probably wrote, that’s what i tried to do in the work that remained unfinished, to which the article is so strange, how strange, some kind of self-irony, perhaps, that touched our national vanity should have

served as a vision, without a doubt there was impatience in its expressions, harshness in thoughts, but the feeling in which the entire passage is permeated was not at all hostile to the fatherland, this is a deep feeling of our infirmities, expressed with pain with... so he wrote that a shot rang out on this dark night, whether he was drowning, heralding his death, whether it was a signal, a call for help, news about butri or that, that he would not be there, it was still necessary to wake up, well

, if we talk about the majority, then of course this shot, so to speak, woke up everyone, but at the same time, everyone who woke up simply cursed. noise on the street, and then again the man in the street fell asleep safely, so osip mashlam compared the trace left by chaadaev with the trace of glass, which leaves a diamond, such a deep mark, i will cling to mandelstam’s metaphor, mandelstam is a brilliant poet, this is also manifested in prose, even in his articles, when diamonds hit glass, i think that few of our viewers are listeners. scratched glass with a diamond, or an iron on glass, yes, but when a diamond scratches glass, it’s also a very unpleasant sensation, yes, it doesn’t just cut it softly like butter, yes, it’s unpleasant, it’s painful, well, for the ear, yes, that’s why this metaphor, it is actually very working, yes, and at the same time it is a trace, it is a trace that yes

it is not impossible to erase, and this trace, i think, so to speak, i will resort to the help of hercyn, he has these words: the sad and original figure of chodaev is sharply separated by some kind of sad reproach against the lazy and heavy background of the moscow nobility, i loved to watch among this tinsel of nobility , flighty senators, gray-haired rakes of honorable insignificance, no matter how thick the crowd, his eye immediately found him, well, in fact,

which makes various thinkers turn again for irritation, and even if his works leave only irritation, this is already an important factor, and

chiodaev will probably remain such an annoying factor in our history, of course, this was a historical podcast russia and the west on the swing of history, pyotr romanov and sergei were with you. solovyov, study history with us, you can watch all episodes of the russia west podcast on the swing of history on the channel one website. this is a space history podcast. i am pilot cosmonaut anton shkaplerov. may 30 marked the 90th anniversary of the birth of the pilot-cosmonaut, twice hero of the soviet union, major general of aviation alexei archipecha leonova. he did the seemingly impossible. he was the first to go into outer space. he became a legend. not only soviet, but also world cosmonautics. alexey arkipech was, of course, famous as an astronaut, but at the same

time he was a gifted artist, a wonderful husband and father, and a loyal friend. today my guests are alexei arkhipovich’s daughter oksana leonova and his classmate yuri mikhnim. hello. hello. hello. oksana, tell us how alexey arkhipovich filled you up as a dad. incredible kind, touching in our family. i would never fool my mother around my finger, and he was such a cheerful person, he was a little naive, that is, dad could joke with us so much and so many of some, you know, he played tricks on us, some kind of pranks, that our life was quite fun, and of course, we miss dad scary things, i remember my first meeting with alexei arkhibovich in december 2003, when we traditionally... celebrated the new year with a group of cosmonauts, except active cosmonauts, we always invite

our veterans, this was the first time we saw alexey arkhipych, he greeted us, young cosmonauts and their wives very warmly, talked to us a lot, we took the first photo as a souvenir with him, we were very proud and still are we are proud of these photographs, and indeed he was, as they say, the life of the party, he had a lot of stories, and really very funny, very funny, it was a pleasure to communicate with him , it was always a pleasure to communicate, well, even more so it was such a pleasure to be with him live, here in our family there was one big star, of a very large scale, and we were all such small satellites that revolved around, but we revolved very devotedly and faithfully, and we were always ready to do everything for this star. was it hard to be the children of such a truly famous person? you know, i had no choice, it was my given, in my opinion it was not hard, it was great, because i grew up during...

the years of his active work, well, to be honest, until the very last days of dad worked, so we didn’t get it very much there were a lot of training flights in all of them, but if he was already in the family, we hung around, dad’s free time was not so much, but nevertheless he used it for drawing, when he drew, he really loved to we were sitting side by side somewhere, we could read books, we could leaf through something, we could also...

color perception, so his drawings, especially after going into outer space, well, it’s

like a textbook and like some kind of, you know, textbook material that space and stars look exactly like that because dad, when he stepped out of the spaceship and found himself in airless outer space, he was amazed by myriads of stars, the stars were above him, around him, and below him, his spirit... completely captured him for the rest of his life, he retained this feeling of the boundlessness of the universe . yuri, how did you first meet alexei arkipovich, what kind of classmate was he? friend to you, in 1950 we met in the twenty-first secondary school in the eighth grade of the city of kaliningrad, this school was female until september 1950 school, so in our class there were 26 girls , only six guys, you can see here, you can count, six guys, i already found,

yes, the rest are all girls, because...

where did we go wrong, how to go, we left, but then this boris bukhovsky had the pregel river on pregel, all the razbolovetsky seiners were there, we just drove this one along the river, and we took boats from them, the sailors gave us money from these seiners, and we went sailing too according to pregil on oars, still

in their club, what was interesting, here are their club... this is our side, on the other side i was at the club, they came to the pier there, whistled, shouted, there was a boat there, one of the boys rowed it and transported it to the other side, well, we were all on duty, and so did we, so we learned to row very well, so in general it was interesting at school, lyosha was the editor of the school newspaper, then it was interesting... our beloved, one might say, teacher of literature and russian language znayina mikhailovna morozova, on the day gogol's birth, for some anniversary, she decided to stage a scene about how ivan ivanovich quarreled with ivan nikiferovovich, alexei lionov and vitya kireev were offered for this role, so it was necessary

to rehearse, they even went to her house twice, the last lesson was here... and he and i ran at the big break , they collected these frogs, brought them to class, disrupted the lesson, and as a result, zenada mikhailovna morozova, the class teacher, took our briefcases and said: go home for your parents, if you don’t bring your parents, i won’t allow you to take the matriculation exams. here's my mother it means he’s coming for his mother, evdakia minaevna, here we are, yes, he says, i know, lyosha already told me, here they are going to school, evdakia minaino says, well, he’s lyonka... he could actually be like that, but yura your so intelligent, everything, but there couldn’t be anything ugly there, and his mother says: yurka, why, i haven’t left school since the first grade, and lyosha

, he’s such a boy, intelligent, everything always helps everyone, and his indeed, all the mothers of our girls really respected and loved him, because the emotional relationships, the help there are everything, in general, they noticed. so in as a result, they came, well, they returned the briefcases, allowed everyone to take the exam, but did you catch the legion? well, not all of them, but they brought a lot. at the end of the tenth grade, alexey decided to go to the artist academy in riga, he wanted to enter after school, that is, to become an artist, and not an astronaut, not a pilot. yes, he drew this from life. so, his dad, arkhip alekseevich, worked at the kaliningrad carriage plant, and he knew that he wanted to go, a car was going to the riga carriage plant, they were transporting

the engine, which means in the front part of the body the engine was fixed, and a meter and a half somewhere behind, well, lyosha came, let's go, let's go, here we are together for 600 km in march . yes, on march 23rd, so let’s go, considering the speed, it would take at least 10 hours, or even more, 600 km, that’s decent, the main thing is it’s cold, we were in such a desire to devote everything to the lawsuit, yes, he had such a naval chenille, bought at the market at a seafood market, and i have my father’s, gray with a cap, and so we sat with my dad. under this chanel there was also his father's suit, which naturally suited him very much big, his father’s shoes were size forty-five, and dad’s feet had not yet grown

to that extent, so he first put on slippers, and then, together with the slippers, he got into his father’s shoes, these two handsome young men were going to enroll, dad was with daddy , in the folder there were works, a horse’s head, a portrait of gorky and karl marx, wow, is it possible... they gave me a dormitory, otherwise they didn’t give me a dormitory, which means, as they found out from other guys there, students, he caught him there, says: listen , how is it with you, how is it here, what, what kind of scholarship, 500 rubles. so, and if you rent a house, how much 500, he ’s like, but there’s no money, well, as a result, that - well, the most interesting thing is that later, when we were already in the direction of the komsomol district committee, in my opinion, even the stalingrad

district committee was komsomol, we received a referral to the vongorsk higher school in kaliningrad, the four of us, that is, tolya golperin, vitya kireev, alexey leonov and i, so we went to the school, he was there, he then, then he took the documents. it will turn out that we are going to the kremlin together. america leaves western europe at the mercy of now there is a confrontation with russia. apparently,

france and poland will be at the forefront of this adventure. poland is a country that will do anything for money. i hope that ukraine will remember that level of assistance. this was a gigantic help that has not yet been compensated. well, you still have to pay for it. and yes, and we will remember every penny for you. what? we continue the conversation about the man who was the first to go into outer space, alexei arkhipech leonov, my guests are oksana leonova and yuri mikhnin. a how did he still enter the flight school, why? his brother, peter, is his older brother, he is doing military service as a pilot. he went through units, he was a sergeant, he still had notes, engines, everything there, so lyosha studied all these engines, he liked everything, but he

also wanted that this is already ... a consequence, in fact , everything comes from childhood, when dad i was still very young, they moved from the village of listvyanka to kemerovo and lived in a barracks in a dormitory in a room of 16, 16 m2, a family of 12 people, my father’s regular place was under the bed under the table and in this baraga one pilot appeared from time to time, and dad, being a little kid, followed him... he kept looking at him, everything was literally following him, then he noticed him, he said that you are following me, well, a pilot, i wish i could become a pilot, he says in order to become a pilot, you have to wash your face, well, then you started to wash your face, some time passes, which means that dad meets this pilot again, and he was amazed by his uniform, this skokarda cap, it’s all just like dad said - chicken on na on well, yes

they are. on his uniform, well, he started to wash himself, he says, he started, but for some reason you can’t wash your neck, that ’s why he decided to wash his neck, then he said, that’s it, you’ll be a doctor, soon they brought the film fighters to the cinema, where mark bernes sang, so the boys went a lot, a lot, a lot , many times, i don’t know, there were no tickets, they probably got in somehow, but then he got sick. aviation and he had two passions: and painting, aviation, well , to be honest, he never intended to become a sailor, he probably just received a recommendation, but he’s not sick of the sea, although we see how he managed perfectly, but nevertheless in sailor he, i never heard him want to be a sailor, but he always said that he passionately wanted to be an artist, it was more for

the company. you’re right about the pilots, because i remember they brought us to school, we had meetings with all sorts of famous people, in general, the father of one of our students, the pilot came there, so he talked to him, in general, everything came to him i was interested in everything there, that was definitely the case, well, he left, entered, and the three of us entered the higher naval school, due to... the fact that it was all for the ministry related to defense, then all the holidays, well, in general, the regime was the same, both in maritime schools and in flight schools, so we had holidays at the same time at the same time, that is, you met during and we met, that’s the first time we met uh, the first holidays were only after admission, just a pilot and a sailor, look at how smartly dressed

the caps are, right?

school and since she was unusually beautiful, he paid attention to this girl, a high school student, she had thick black hair and beautiful bows, and he already there was such a cadet, an adult, they were 6 years apart, and he noticed and walked with a friend and said, now someone will get such beauty, such a miracle, well , a very little girl passed by, and after a while the girl graduates from school , dad is coming...

from that very day, dad was immensely in love with mom, but mom, well, i don’t even know how his heart or just his leisure time was busy with another young man, and dad was very busy, because it was final

exams, it was already his senior year, and already then he began to fly to the qualifying testing, because selection for this secret group had already begun. and he finally arrived for this selection on october 4, 1959, on the very day when they met alekseevich gagarin, so once again he comes to kremenchuk, goes towards his mother’s house, and she has a young man who is looking after her , persuaded some local bandits to beat my dad, and they beat him back, so to speak.

secondly, they escorted him straight to his mother’s house, romance, well, maybe they had a meeting with his mother, well, maybe, i don’t know, it was already when he got into the detachment, it turns out, but no, i’m telling you, then they called him to moscow, so he was one of the forty pilots who were then chosen for this commission , it was october 4, 1959, he was given a hospital gown, he came into the ward, the flight took off straight from the first satellite, and into the ward. a young man is sitting in the ward, reading a book with a bare torso, in the same hospital trousers, with a bare torso, he looks up, eyes, smiles broadly and says: yuri gagarin, a well-known northern pilot,

senior lieutenant, and dad saw what a handsome young man, his neighbor in the hospital ward, immediately introduced himself as alexey. finds my mother and says: “svetlana, i guarantee that i will love you like no one in this world, always firmly, devotedly and faithfully, marry me, either tomorrow or never, and my mother told him yes and no.”

made a mistake, and was not mistaken, and they lived 60 years without one month, soul to soul, faithfully, faithfully, beautifully, i heard that he played a very important role during the selection of alexey arkhibovich into the cosmonaut corps, yes, such a comradely action was carried out when my dad began to undergo a medical examination, right from the very first day he could not have passed this medical examination, because the doctor who received the young young pilots wrote off my dad immediately as soon as he saw , because he said that you also have increased hairiness. you can’t fly into space, woolly, that means, that means increased torso hair, you were hairy, as you say, how are we going to attach sensors to you when we fly to distant worlds, and

dad says: when you are going to fly to distant worlds, he says, yes, in a year, in two distant worlds, a sensor cannot be attached to you, but dad did not pay attention, because no entries appeared in the log, he returned to the hospital ward, says: yuri, come on, let's do something, they went to the nearest store, bought disposable blades, shaving foam, yuri alekseevich shaved dad from the back, dad shaved himself from the chest and left already. the next day to the medical examination, there was another comrade, another doctor who had not seen him before, dad with passed the medical examination with flying colors, because he had absolutely excellent physical characteristics, so yuri alekseevich, through a true friend, helped him in the most difficult moment, he helped him, he gave him a shoulder and thus a happy career as an astronaut pilot developed, they were very close friends, they were even close. lived on the sixth,

in memory of anastasia zavorotnyuk. we remember a wonderful person, an amazing woman, a colleague, a friend. anastasia zvorotnyuk, seventy-first year of birth. she didn't feel very well, everyone thought it was i just lost my nerve, they went to get checked and found out, well, that is, you can say, almost yes, on my birthday, i noticed that on her... makeup i wanted to give birth to someone who

was not there at all, a person can only live after death in art, only it can defeat death, on saturday on the first. in the space stories podcast we continue the conversation about the man who was the first to go into outer space, alexey arkhipoch leonov, and my guests are oksana leonova and yuri. mikhnin, yuri, tell us after you graduated school, fate took you to different even elements, sea, air, did you continue to communicate and for how long? yes, of course, yes , we have uh, that’s how we counted today, almost 70 years of friendship, we met after we had already left as officers, and the most interesting thing is that on march 18, 1965. when there was a flight, the famous lyosha, suddenly

tv journalist yuri fokkin arrives, that’s how you and alexey arkhipoch studied there, how did he know this? it turned out that here svetlana was talking about the fact that he was charming, fascinating and so on, so and it was, therefore, 63, on january 1st, i had a wedding, and alexei. khipovich was invited, svetlana couldn’t come, because they already had vika, she was little, there was no one left to leave her, so lyosha came alone, and he was a tomoda, and we had a wedding at my aunt’s place, on shalbolovka, at her place in the apartment, and her son pavel leonidovich, he worked on the committee for radio broadcasting and television, was the deputy head of the department, he was present at the wedding, so... because alexey was remembered for the wedding

because he so masterfully led it all, everything they remembered him, so when they announced this on march 18, 1965, he said: i know him, he got the volume from my nephew at the wedding, well, he immediately said, then let’s go to him, then all the journalists at once, everyone was looking for some... then facts, everything to print, yuri fyokin came to me, wrote everything there... wrote, told, they invited us to the blue light, this yuri folkin announces, sitting for the cosmonaut who is already, he is the eleventh, that means , everything is up to him, and he says, we have prepared a surprise for alexey arkhipovovich lyonov, his school friend, yuri mikhlin, is sitting here with his father, in general, all the events, everything, this very thing, some anniversaries, all the holidays, everything, we celebrated everything together. we had a family tradition

on january 14th for the old new year, we gathered with our families, it was wonderful, and he wrote, because there were no telephones then, we wrote cards to each other, congratulations, so he always wrote, congratulations to everyone, signed, vika, oksana, svetlana, lyosha, and this is for their eightieth birthday, all four of them. four friends, all four friends, penultimate time it was june 23, 1919, it was anatoly golperin’s birthday, we came to see him.

flak, and i remember the story of pyotr kolodin, when he was still alive, he loved to go to our bathhouse, gagarinskaya, bathhouse, gagarinskaya, why? because, uh, gagarin was given a finnish country house, made of finnish birch, by komsomol members of finland, but he already had a dacha, and since he loved a bathhouse, and there was no bathhouse, he decided that this house should be a bathhouse for cosmonaut, so he said that when his son was born, he him... he didn’t have a car then, then he says, there were cars only for those who had already flown away from space ; cars were given after the flight, but alexey rakhapich had them, they were friends together and we lived on the same staircase, so he says, i asked alexey arkhipovich, my mother says she decided to come help a young mother with the birth of a child, well, he

asked, my mother arrives at the station, can we pick her up, he says, yes, of course we can, the only thing is that i need to go somewhere there on business. he says: and of course we we’ll meet your mother, we’ll come home, well, alexey arkhipovich, apparently, was going to some kind of official meeting, so he put on kitel, a hero of the soviet union, a colonel, they went and met his mother, so he says, then his mother, who stayed there for not a month, tells , there’s even a little more, she came to her homeland, to a small village or village there, and since she was in moscow, the whole village gathered in the club and started. “well, tell me, son, go already, probably the major is there, how he flies everything else, he says, i don’t know, who my son serves, but his driver is a hero of the soviet union, well, we can’t help but talk, of course, about his spacewalk, yes, but they didn’t talk then, he spoke to a special group, that’s it,

no one, of course, talked about it knew, but there, and how did you perceive the dachshund, you know, well, i can only tell it from my parents’ stories, i wasn’t born yet, just some kind of naughty guy, well, well, why shouldn’t he, everyone flies to spaceship, and he went out into the open, into outer space, that is, the family did not know at all about what was going to happen, we only found out later how many emergency situations there were, there were seven situations where everything was laid out, and one was worse than the other, but he was the first, and although his appearance

lasted only 12 minutes, 28, today i listened to one of his interviews , so he says 28 minutes, now? cosmonauts have already been out there for hours for 6-8 hours, this is considered normal ordinary work, in a fixed position, and alexey arkhipovich, he was in an open voyage, and it was very difficult to imagine, it could have actually ended in tragedy, because he then i had troubles with the difference in pressure and the suit inflated very much and my arms and legs went out of order...

normally, not as prescribed, i haven’t flown in such an airplane anymore, so i can just say that this from above, i just remembered such an incident now, at school. we had a 3 m 5 m tower , everyone jumped into the pool there, they recruited us to the school

, after all, they came from the navy, they were just already there , there was a terrible storm in the second article, i remember to this day, from 3 m he comes to 3 m and reports foreman of the second article popov k he’s ready to jump, he’s jumping now jumping 5 m by 5 m he climbed and he’s already scared he’s no longer... cadet, cadet popovshka is ready, now 5 m is already scary, and i remember this in nikolaev, when at 10 m, well, i he was a gymnast, he jumped so well, i stood there for a long time, i couldn’t decide to bend from 10 meters, i can’t imagine going into outer space, you go out, there’s nothing above you at all, you don’t know somewhere, i can’t imagine it. he was ready for any

surprises, let’s just say, he of course prepared, he was prepared, but what happened to him, i think, of course, no one could have done it in advance, no one could have guessed, but on the eve of the flight, when korolev tried to ask some more questions, he said: sergei pavlovich, well, we have already worked through 3,000 emergency situations. thank you very much for such a wonderful conversation, today we remembered the man who was the first to go into outer space, he really became famous not only in our country, but throughout the world, this is alexey. arkhipovich leonov, this is the space stories podcast, and i, anton shkablerov. all episodes of the space stories podcast you can watch on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru.

sometimes i feel like i am connected between those who are alive and those who were taken away by the war. and although five-year-olds run in a hurry. this connection is getting stronger. this connection is getting closer and closer, i am connected, even though the roar of the battle has died down, my verse remains a report from the battle, from the cauldrons of encirclement, abysses, defeats, from the great bridgeheads, victorious battles, i am connected, wandering into the partisans. i carry the forest from the living to the dead, no, nothing is forgotten,

no, no one is forgotten, not even the one who lies in an unknown grave. hello, i'm larisa guzeeva, this is a podcast letters, my guest is agla ibatnikova, today we will remember the poetess yulia drunina, who would have turned 100 years old on may 10. hello, hello, larisa, when i was at school, the girls were rewriting poems then, you are nearby, everything is beautiful, both the rain and the cold wind, thank you, my clear one, for being in the world, thank you for these lips, thank you . for these hands, thank you, my clear one, for being in the world, you are nearby, but we might not

have met each other at all, my only one, thank you for that, that you exist in the world, but it won’t be very soon, it will be so to speak, such a monologue of adult women, but to begin with it was already dedicated to the privateer, yes, yes, little julia, she dreamed of being a writer, she dreamed of being a poetess, she read the blog , she was such an exalted young lady, quite like herself, suddenly she’s been at the front for 16 years, what do you think, why, why? well, i think it was just her heroic nature, that is, she was an amazon, she wanted to go to war, i think it was simply impossible to stop her, and no one was her father and no one could stop her, but so she wanted, she even added a year to herself to get to the front, i left my childhood in a dirty heated vehicle, in a medical platoon, i listened to distant explosions and did not listen, having gotten used to everything

in the forty-first year. i came from school to the damp dugouts from a beautiful lady like my mother and changed my mind, because i couldn’t find a name closer than russia, she worked as a nurse, that is, she worked as a sergeant major in a medical orderly, well, she should have also risen to sergeant major, she i almost received my sergeant major at the end of the war.

an idealist and was simply eager to go where the main events take place, where the people were, where the country was, she wanted to be on the front line, she went to dig trenches in podmaža, first before she became a nurse, and there she was surrounded and experienced some events , well, then she returned to the front, she, by the way, when she was surrounded, she was lost, she was lost and... with whom they served together, here is a poem that is quite large for drunina, dedicated to zina, it is quite famous. zinka, we lay down by the broken fir tree, waiting for

it will begin to brighten, under the overcoat it will be warmer for the two of us on the chilled rotten earth. “you know, yulka, i’m against sadness, but today it doesn’t count, my mother lives at home in the apple outback, you have friends, my love, i have only one, the house smells of claws and smoke, spring is bubbling beyond the threshold , it seems old, every bush is waiting for a restless daughter, you know, yulka, i’m against sadness, but today it doesn’t count, we barely warmed up, suddenly there’s an order to step forward, again a fair-haired soldier walks nearby in damp chenille, every day became they marched out of gorsha without rallies or banners, and our battered battalion was surrounded by orsha. zinka led us into the attack, we made our way through the black rye, through craters and through a gulley through mortal boundaries. we did not expect posthumous glory, we wanted to live with glory. why is the blonde and the soldier lying in the bloody bents, i covered her body with my overcoat , clenching my teeth. the belarusian winds sang about the remote gardens of rezan. you know, zinka, i am

against sadness, but today it doesn’t count. somewhere in the apple outback. your mother lives, i have beloved friends, she has you i was alone, the house smells of sourdough and smoke, spring is on the doorstep, and the old woman in a quote dress lit a candle near the icon, i don’t know how to write to her so that she doesn’t wait for you, for me they are heroes, even the fact that you experience this in at a young age, death, when they kill for your country, is before your eyes, and you become a witness, it already somehow reshapes you, yes, it already reshapes you somehow,

nikolai starshinov, he was the same after the front with wounds , they may have sensed some common themes, no, i i know another story, pavel antakolsky, a teacher who saw this blond beauty and noticed it, and as often happens when teachers forget to look at their birthday in the mirror, they pester their students and he also

dared to pester and... her husband stood up for her, was not afraid that he would fly out of the institute with a wolf ticket, he literally fought her off, but they paid for it, that is, in fact, they had troubles after that. uh, because they had a daughter, so they got married to nikolai starshinov, but they didn’t have a job, it ’s the same as when you go to college, these connections, they play a role there, somewhere to work, somewhere like that, but the phone didn’t ring, there’s no work, look, you know, we now , after a while, we say, here she is a poetess, he is a poet, everything is so romantic, everything, in fact , they lived, there were two people who got married, a child was born, there was nothing to eat, you know, everything where love, love is simple.

listen, well, all female poets suffered from this, they were all uneconomical, they we had no idea how to survive, but it’s like part of the image, you know, just like artists, yes, i don’t know how to do anything, everything falls out of my hands, i only know how to love and write, you know, create, that’s why that if, on top of everything else, you do a little sewing, then it’s somehow funny, it doesn’t fit, like you’re a bad poet, yes, it’s like if an artist is so collected and so on, she’s basically mediocre, that’s why.

of course, because the man from tv with such a destiny is handsome, unrealistic handsome, unrealistically handsome, grown up, with such a trail, so famous, and by the way, he accepted her daughter as his own, and her daughter came straight to him, you know, after she remembered him very well, yes, well, because starving is somehow not very good, you want everything, the war is everything hungry, larisa, it seems to me that there... maybe nikolai starshinov and yulia drunina had an issue, maybe even not only in this poverty, because even the very fact that nikolai, remembering his wife, he says that she was mismanaged and didn’t know where the department was, it was the poetry department, but that already says a lot about

that, after all, there was some kind of discord, somehow they probably didn’t get along, he idolized kapler, well, firstly, he is 20 years older than her, of course he will be a benefactor from alexei kapler’s letter, my twig, we we are starting a completely new life, in which it will not be the same as before, happiness mixed with bad, there will be so much happiness, there will only be you, as the smartest, most beloved, most unforgettable woman. well, everyone wants to hear such words, but this is a dream, especially since he was married, after they met secretly for 6 years, they both deceived their spouses, you know, but this is just, well, he always makes up a story in the runes: my wife is sick, i don’t sleep with her, everyone has been sleeping for a long time.

a man, after 6 years of being in a love relationship with the status of a lover, took that same mistress as his wife.

served time, came out and the first thing he did, he was locked up for the first time, so to speak, yes, he again gave a telegram to svetlana, as if he was not afraid, he was closed again, this is about the fact that he was not just handsome, he was not just a fatal man, he was not just, well, a man a man. it’s clear why women fell in love with him, but the man turned 50 years old, which is today’s 86, because of course, today is forty.

they said that even women, before sitting on the sofa before watching a panorama of the next release, put on a make-up, they put on makeup, they put themselves in order, this is just to see him on the screen, but years are years, for example, i understand that she is 30 years old, yes, also already old for those times, suddenly - such a television star, adult, mature, wealthy, in the year fifty-four they we met, she went to a higher course for screenwriters, and he taught there, that is, she was his student, well, such a classic plot, and the professor was also a student, and then he had good taste, he was very educated, and he gave her read the right literature, this is clear even from the telegrams that he gave her, sometimes there is a very witty one, he signs there, one complete intellectual, the main thing is that i will see you, like now, when the door opens, my door swings open towards you all. eyes,

heart, chest, hands, my beloved, why do i write so ugly and you have no talent to write everything as it is, coquetry, yes such, oh, the author of the script, the man of the amphibious striped flight, does not know how to express, does not know how to find words , yes, despite the fact that the twisted soul and heart, he described the comedies, and also from a letter, here is alexei, congratulations to you, a miracle, a random spark, there is a big real account that is given to us only rarely, rarely, and... i don’t fully understand, but he is, in this regard, mine, our beautiful, bright, one-piece, i bow to his own feet, to his own feet, what a word, i ’m saying, he’s a talented man, that is , it’s not just that he was a tv presenter, that he had connections, money, opportunities, and you also know how much more conscientious he was , because he had money, he considered some kind of unfair distribution of this money...

he should have paid well, otherwise it was somehow inconvenient and insulting to the state, he gave his fee, wow. but no, the man, he was of high class, and this story with alliluyeva speaks about this, because well can you imagine, there’s a girl there, i imagine , a girl with whom there wasn’t even any romance, there could have been an affair, she had just turned 16 years old, yes, but he was watching her, that is, she was the one who later described this situation, it seemed like no one explained why he was assigned to the camp, but in general everyone understood that it was because he wrote the lieutenant’s letters dedicated to him.

it seems to me that this is the first time, okay, but i could have fallen in love with those crazy blue eyes and red hair, by the way, she was pretty, unspeakable with these transparent eyes until old age, but the second time, when he was already released for the same, so to speak, the same rake, it seems to me that this is love, you know why, because he wanted to let his beloved woman know that he he loves her, because of course, after five years in the camps, of course, he forgot her long ago and cursed her as the reason for his betas.

forgive me, enjoy the most homely musical project, two stars, fathers and sons from june 23rd on the first. and from this cycle is the last poem, which is called love. again you lie in the night, eyes opening and you have an old argument with yourself, you say, it’s not so beautiful, but your heart answers, well, everything doesn’t go to you, damned dream, you keep thinking where is the truth, where is

the lie, you say, it’s not so he is smart, and the heart answers, well, then it’s born in you from... yes, he took care of her physically , some pills, and look, after the war she was deprived of sleep, and she started having problems with sleep , and it was impossible to buy good sleeping pills in soviet times, yes, alexey

kapler buys her this medicine, can you imagine what kind of happiness it is to suddenly fall asleep and wake up over many, many years, but she tamed him, again, what kind of woman is that... can tame such a man, especially since everyone from the outside even said that he loved her madly, so he constantly sent letters almost every day when she was not there, and in general they were together all the time and he cared about her very much and these trips to the crimea, yes, they loved the crimea very much, went to koktebel in the house of creativity of writers and from there we walked, they spent a wonderful life there, and then they didn't have a very good life there. vouchers that you had to earn in connection with the sea, either they were some kind of trade union, or you had to be the wife

of some famous writer or alexei kapler, yes, to eat and freely or a people's artist, so suddenly five in one everything worked out, and the most important thing... that the daughter became very attached to him, because relatives always feel whether their relatives love them, that is, they cannot penetrate into the relationship, the child cannot penetrate in the relationship of adults, to understand what is happening there, he understands that his mother loves, he sees it, yulia, who suddenly got the opportunity to live, create, love, write, and kapler, who went through such a millstone, suddenly meet a gentle, beautiful , well , practically young for him... simple, here i have letters that alexey kapler wrote, the glider house of drunina’s creativity, it’s already three o’clock in the morning, i’ve already packed my things, i have the need to admit that i love you very much, my infinitely dear, kapler again, i miss you

not at all, i’m just terribly shocked that i can’t call you in your room whenever i want, i’m out of the habit of living separately, my vestibular apparatus is not designed, i’m lost. weight again , chapler, he sent her these notes on the train, good morning, chapler, it’s just that there is such and such a carriage, such and such a place, in the morning in your honor he made a forced march to mayakovskaya, i just can’t stop admiring how good i am, my dear, what a shame that i can’t say anything necessary, i kiss you according to the number of kilometers separating us, count it, your husband, comrade kapler, well, that’s of course, a very lively relationship, they are interesting and here are two talented people, how does it happen, from a garbage fool, you made me just a fool who understood something in life, i love you incredibly, and so it always pierces me to the very depths when i’ve been since...

19 years old, that’s a very long time, that is, the relationship was alive until the very end, he was so mature that he understood that he would leave someday and much earlier than she did, and he was very worried about this , and he laid out straws for her in every possible way, and i’m talking about... the striped flight scenarios, oh yes, the striped flight it is written only when everything around you

is blue and green, and an amphibian man, what a romantic script there is based on the novel by alexander belyaev, there was also inspiration from a second life and romance, and it so happened that yulia dronina tamed this lavilas, this moscow star, everyone then laughed at kapler , but he told him, well... he was calm about the fact that they called him henpecked, that they laughed at him, that he galloped around yulia, men, starting from rastrapovich, like to call themselves henpecked, of course, not that that they don’t sit down, but are proud, they say what a heel is, you know, many in marriages, in new ones, degrade, because this train, burden, feeling of guilt, sinks them to the bottom, someone, on the contrary, at the expense of their partners, suddenly shoots out like this, grows like this... when something is real, there is no such thing as unhappy love, there is no such thing, do not be afraid to get into

the epicenter of a super-powerful explosion, which is called hopeless passion, if a flame bursts into the soul, souls are purified in fire, because of this they are dry with your lips, give thanks, hiss to spring. she associates love with a cleansing flame, and you larisa are arguing that she is an amazon, but she has a mythological consciousness in which... the worse, the better, that is, love is a cleansing flame, that is, what is it, and what is it, the worse - she had it, she got it, she says, let there be unrequited passion, let it be good anyway, what are you, she already wrote this, when she realized that the coupler was in her pocket, some people need to write to create when they have everything bad, but for others, when everything is good and well-fed, it seems to me that...

yes, this can be traced, that is, when she has there were difficult times, she did not write the elements, when everything was fine, steve walked. where are the wife and child? not my wife, she’s for me, you know, she, did you get involved in all this because of a girlfriend with a child? yes, everything is complicated there, child, he seems to be mine, vitya, please stop crying, dear, if you don’t help me now, then i can’t handle it alone, we are forbidden to approach the russian embassy, ​​especially to establish surveillance on him, i don’t understand about what are you talking about, i'm on vacation, one chance for three, premiere, tomorrow after the program time, get off, window sill, don't touch don't touch me and mom.

we still have to pay for it, yes, yes, and we will remind you every penny what the true price of polish-ukrainian friendship is,

the vavan and lexus show on wednesday on the first. this is a podcast letter, i’m larisa guzeeva, my guest is aglaya nabatnikova, and we are talking today, we remember today yulia drunina, who would have turned 100 years old on may 10, of course, they were happy, happy in crimea, in general, mebia was filmed in crimea , this whole love story was written on these crimean stones, and it was filmed, in general, indeed, behind this there is a love story for kapler and another in fact, yes, yes, they drew inspiration precisely there, and the love that grew stronger was precisely in these sweet night, warm evenings, a beautiful fish, wonderful wine, but kapler dies, before

on his death he wrote a will stating that he would like to be buried. in crimea, here yulia drunina’s adult life begins, and there is an opportunity to get to know yourself, to say who you are, she started driving the car, which is also at that time, yes, this is a woman driving, yes independence, a woman driving about independence, it was impossible to buy a car in those days, these were some special postcards that were not given to everyone, only those of high flight, high rank, it cost a lot...

once for eva and a thousand in a dream, whoever says that war is not scary knows nothing about war, in general, in my opinion, everyone remembers this verse, that is, she still had such literary merits by that time, and even kapler, he is one of the telegrams, dedicated to her, he read her books, she was in leaving, he read and... a collection of poems he wrote that there was a dear one, i admired her and so on, that is, he also admired her gift not only as a woman, but also her literary self, i would say, maybe there is no other way to the heart of a poet, except to admire her poems, probably, well, with such a backbone as yulia drunina’s, it

seems to me that it was possible to survive these times, she was not. this is how she reacted, for them this is the country for which they fought, it turned out that the country was falling apart, it was practically she was dying and suddenly they said, no, the whole country, what it was, is fake, it’s all wrong, the principles and rules of that old life generally need to be washed away from this earth, now we will

build a new life, she wanted to defend that country with those interests. with the principles that she carried in her heart and that generation all her life, she was going to defend them, she did not know that everything would be turned upside down, and so she was with great enthusiasm, but the first time she was let down by gorbachev, yes , when he said that, he practically kicked her out, uh, from the meeting, that’s it the world began to collapse, because the main years, the most important years of her life, she did not understand ahead of her what was shining, what... looming, uh-huh, where could she go, what should she do , who should she sing, in general, what to write about, for whom to write, well, again, the relationship with the daughter was not strong, yes, that is , many people still go to care for the family at this age, about grandchildren and so on, a woman is a woman, that’s when a woman is a woman, she turns on the program , i must survive and

my offspring must survive, and it doesn’t matter, war is perestroika, yes there. what she then did to herself, well, just like tsvetaeva, yes, the children remain, by the way, she has a poem dedicated to tsvetaeva, where it is about suicide, i would like to read it now, to marina tsvitaeva, in moscow, in an alley ancient, tall, not knowing then that marina, a star of the russian sky, was rising here, and then in the thundering trench, when the earth was scorching, she did not know that a tight noose was tied around her dark neck, she knew that again from the fog would rise, already forever burned, terribly and strangely russian sky star, this is marina tsvetaeva, yes, who

committed suicide precisely during the period when drunina was at the front, that is, the poem is about this, so she analyzes that this situation with marina, then it turns out that she herself, poet... it’s unclear what perspective, it was unclear,

just this darkness of darkness, when there was what would happen to russia, what would happen to everyone who was involved in culture at that moment, but she left at that moment, she did not see some kind of, i don’t know, return a rush of blood, then to these. i know a lot of people, just the level professors, who walked, who walked and worked, worked as a driver to

feed themselves and their child, you know, someone there closed all these doors and suffocated with this, i would like.