you can’t just know the laws of music like saliere and live differently, but gende akhmatova lived, well, shklovsky, human destiny as a literary device, this is what it did , that is, her life was a continuation of poetry, and of course everyone understood this, everyone who came into contact , everyone who lived understood, you know, in fact, not only life was a continuation, but what she programmed in poetry, that’s what you said absolutely precisely, then in many ways happened to her. that's the thing, it all started with a poet, who seems to write there about gloves and put on a tight skirt to seem even slimmer, but then it turns out that...

but nevertheless, she also has a wonderful sparkling quatrain about women, she was self-ironic, because she, for example , about herself she wrote that i could always look at will, from a beauty to a freak, yes, but at the same time she was furious when mayakovsky allowed himself to sing the siren-eyed king, to the tune of ukhar the merchant was going to the fair, so she said that this vulgarity had a quarrel with him for the rest of his life, glory to you, hopeless.

about anna akhmatova, and most importantly read anna akhmatova. we had a wonderful conversation, and i think, after all, that we went along this spherical spherical trajectory, so that everything was connected. at least, it seems so to us, to me and my wonderful guests, people's artist of russia, actress of the vakhtangov theater, yulia rutberg. thank you very much to yulia, i’m sure we’ll see each other again, and to the philologist and art historian vera kolmykova. top, thank you

very much for this conversation, thank you, i i think that we will talk about anna akhmatova more than once, to you, our dear friends, i again speak with emphasis, consider it with pleasure, dear friends. get away from the stereotype, which in the old days was persistently put into one’s head like this: pushkin is a friend of the decembrists, that’s all, that’s where it all ended, naturally, he was a friend of the decembrists, his friends included pushchin, kuchelbecker, and many other decembrists, so, but pushkin grew up, changed, and some elementary slogans like freedom, equality, brotherhood, were no longer with him.

at our disposal, well, let’s say, it’s quite cool, but this is remembered much less often. yes, it must be said that there are plenty of stereotypes in the post-soviet period, because if earlier pushkin, a friend of the decembrists, as you

rightly said, yes, and almost a revolutionary with a saber on his head, then in the post-soviet period he is also an orthodox poet, he is also a monarchist , yes, which is also as far from the truth as soviet stereotypes. in general, we must try to get closer to the truth. hello, this is a historical podcast russia-west on the swing of history, peter is with you romanov. and sergei soloviev. today we are talking about alexander sergeevich pushkin. alexander sergeevich’s relationship with the authorities somehow didn’t work out very well, starting from childhood. as he writes in one of his letters to his wife: i saw three kings. the first one, he means pavel, ordered to take it off me.

i saw the political system itself, it was the antipode of decembrism, one might say, nicholas, before they talked about the relations between the tsar and the poet, uh, they always tried to emphasize, so to speak, uh, some kind of mutual unpleasantness. the pendulum has swung, they have already begun to write, almost about the sympathy that the sovereign poet felt for each other. how can one, so to speak, simultaneously feel sympathy for decembrism towards nicholas, the antipode, well, it’s hard to imagine, but be that as it may, apparently,

during his exile in mikhailovsky, pushkin’s change of views occurred, which in general can be understood, because events such as the uprising... on senate square, of course, can very dramatically change, so to speak, some positions and worldviews, well, i say that very quickly, why, well the uprising on sinatskaya is december 255, 1825, and in the summer of the next year, 1826, pushkin writes to the tsar asking him to cancel the exile, give him the opportunity to continue serving or go abroad, in response , the emperor not only allows the disgraced, so to speak, poet live in both capitals, but also invites him to an audience, and the audience took place, judging by the source, in

a generally warm atmosphere, well, by the way, they were practically the same age, nikolai was 3 years older, so in principle there was an understanding there - general understanding, so to speak, he took part in december 14, which means he pushkin replied: inevitably, sir, all my friends

were in a conspiracy, and i would have been unable to lag behind them, one absence saved me, and i thank heaven for that, this, and i i thank the sky for that, this is already a different pushkin, this is already a pushkin who rethought a lot in the silence, so to speak, of mikhail. this does not mean, naturally, that alexander sergeevich switched, so to speak, from decembrism to autocracy, this is naturally not so, but clarifying questions began to appear, by the way speaking, these questions were raised among the decembrists, both before the uprising, and during the uprising, and after the uprising, when they were, who was in exile, who, who was where, that means there were questions. and what would happen to russia if the decembrists won, or

another question, maybe the potential of the autocracy in general has not yet been fully exhausted, because one autocrat, another autocrat is one thing, but the political platform itself, so to speak, of the autocracy, it has already worked out its resource, or can it also serve to benefit russia, and finally, is it ready at all? russia and the russian people to this radical change? political system, strictly speaking, all these questions, as i imagine, in mikhailovsky, in pushkin’s head, so to speak, were spinning, and like any person, he matured gradually, and rethought a lot of things, so pushkin wrote that blazhin, who was young from a young age, who matured to old age, pushkin matured in mikhailovsky. this meeting between nikolai and pushkin, this one during this

audience, here they both, if not closer, but closer to each other, and the personality of nicholas himself, she, too, maybe there weren’t any special sympathies, but nevertheless, here are pushkin’s lines, no, i’m not a flatterer, when... i offer free praise to the tsar, i boldly express my feelings, i speak my heart with my tongue, i just fell in love with him, he cheerfully, honestly rules us, russia, suddenly he was revived by war, hopes, labors, well, it’s clear what kind of war, which means further, no, although youth is seething in him, but the spirit of the sovereign is not cruel in him, that is, to whom he punishes openly, he secretly shows mercy, here again right away.

which was partly dedicated to karl sand, to the german student who killed the agent of the russian government and the reactionary writer august von katzeb, who poisoned the students, indeed this is true, yes it is true, and about him, about sand, pushkin writes: in your germany you have forever become a shadow, threatening the criminal force with disaster a dagger burns at the solemn grave without an inscription, that is, saricide and treacherous. dagger, then pushkin’s ideas about autocracy change, and he tries

to write about decembrism itself from the point of view of shakespeare, a look at historical tragedy through the eyes of shakespeare, well, first of all, we had in mind shakespeare’s chronicles, and in boris godunov the historical view is already different than in his early works, in poltava - this is the twenty- eighth year, there is a hymn to peter i, the monarch of the ruler, whom, by the way, pushkin will play more than once to set nicholas i as an example. in general , this is typical for pushkin to set peter as an example to nicholas. stanzas of the twenty- sixth year. be proud of your family resemblance, be like a sling in everything.

to the benkendor department, and, accordingly, people from the gendarme corps, such as dubelt, for example, this is still a little different than the personal tsar’s censorship, yes, relations with the tsar, the poet is the tsar, yes, here ’s an equal conversation, which pushkin imagined at the beginning, but it didn’t take place after all , so in the diary of may 21 , 1934, pushkin nikolai will write, in it there is a lot from the ensign and a little from peter the great, and then he added that the opinion of the captain of politics, emperor nikolai is more positive, he has complex ideas, like his brother, has in alexander i, but he is less fantastic, nicholas, who we have in soviet times, he was drawn as a completely unambiguous figure, the figure was still quite complex, anna fedorovna tyutcheva, a lady-in-waiting, who left a wonderful diary, a unique historical source,

a very valuable source, nicholas i wrote about him like this: nicholas i was a quixote of autocracy, a quixote terrible and malicious, because he possessed omnipotence, which allowed him to subordinate everything to his fantastic outdated theory and trample underfoot the most legitimate aspirations and rights of his age. at the same time she is nikolai wrote about the knightly character of rare nobility and honesty, that is , nikolai somehow combined one with the other. well, it happens in a person. but pushkin, gradually becoming disillusioned with nicholas, still has a lot from the ensign and little from peter the great, it’s still not that... he suddenly revived russia and the war with hopes and labors, yet he comes to the conclusion that the government is the only one a european in russia, that is , the only bearer of enlightenment, and pushkin remains, this is a very important thing throughout his life, if we talk about some constants, although we also need to say this right away, pushkin

does not fit into any clear ideological framework at all, like any genius, especially such a genius. pushkin, but nevertheless, he - in this phrase, in this phrase, he remains a man of enlightenment, for him the most important thing is enlightenment, he is a man in this sense even from part of the 16th century, the century of enlightenment, and the fact that the government is the main bearer of enlightenment, for it a very important factor, no matter what, but still, well, there is a well-known expression, pushkin is our everything, he repeats it continuously, but at the same time he does not take into account the fact that... the changing government very often adjusts this formula, so to speak, to its own size, and from all of this he simply crosses out some part, well, here we are they said that for some time he was exclusively a friend of the decembrists, while everything else seemed to be left aside, here we know

very... such a liberal work of a relative's journey from st. petersburg to moscow, and some thoughts became a manifesto such a liberal intelligentsia, well, the phrases i looked around me, my soul became wounded by human suffering, look how sashka belikov looks at you, he’s lucky. no, i knew that girls were falling in stacks from me, why is it like that, why are you making noise, guys, sasha, he’s decided to get married, who’s unmarried, irinka, ermakova, you don’t love him, he’s going to suffer, why did he think that he doesn’t i love, but the ones that are washed, well, stay away from these scoundrels, they cause only troubles, two shores, the premiere

of a multi-part film, tomorrow after the program it’s time, i’m expecting a child. what other child, but with you? are you afraid, look he's probably 200, and if he's a maniac, do you like to watch people? it seems to me that they got rid of some kind of burden here, i love him, and i don’t need anyone else. conqueror of women's hearts, without a single defeat, my parents insisted on the wedding for a long time , they are delighted with my husband and his activities, there will be no one,

on saturday on the first, this is a podcast russia-west on the swing of history, today the focus of our attention is alexander sergeevich pushkin , at the same time, knowing well about this work of the birth one, we rarely remember, so to say, unfinished, it’s true that pushkin’s work, a journey from moscow to st. petersburg, that’s what i would say.

in the rituals established by etiquette there is simply stupidity, an english lord, introducing himself to his king, kneels down and kisses his hand, this does not prevent him

from being in opposition if he wants, we sign ourselves every day as our most humble servants, well, signature, yours truly servant, yes , it was accepted then, but at the same time, as pushkin says, no one concludes from this that we are asking. the commerdimers are in this work and about the west, however, in this case pushkin puts this criticism of the west into the mouth of an englishman, a fellow traveler, whether this fellow traveler is real or invented by the author, we don’t know, maybe this is an invention, so that it sounds more convincing from the lips of an englishman, well here's an englishman uh... says: read the complaints of english factory workers, your hair will stand on end, how much disgusting torture, incomprehensible torment,

what cold barbarity, on the one hand, on the other, what terrible poverty. you think that we are talking about the construction of the pharaoh's pyramids, about the jews working under the waves of the egyptians? not at all, we are talking about mr. schmit's cloth or mr. thomson's needles. a damning characteristic of pushkin, of course, he writes that the barbaric style, the lamentation of the unfortunate state of the people, the violence of nobles and other exaggerated and vulgar impulses of sensitivity, squeezed, inflated, are sometimes extremely funny. this is an attempt to complicate the overly simplified image of the poet, to return, as it were, to ours everything that was. from this is all deliberately, so to speak, removed. it seems to me that pushkin’s attitude towards stealing is somewhat more complicated, but let’s start a little from afar. in 1825, pushkin wrote a comment

on the annals of tacetus, where he spoke sharply of the roman writer for his one-sided criticism of tiberius, for the fact that tiberius was exclusively a fiend of evil, and pushkin strives for maximum objectivity. and the purely anti-despotic rhetoric of tacetus, who at the same time ignores the state merits of tiberius, but he is not satisfied, but they exist, and they exist, of course, that is, for him he is simply executioner everything. in the 1830s, pushkin again turned to the canals, only now he did not destroy the desire for freedom for the sake of historicism. tats is close to him again, as it once was in decembrist times, as in 1822, because he constantly returned to this figure, enough. in general, pushkin has such a rethinking of specific texts - this is a rather typical story, so, but he is close to him not in his historical views now, but as a person who is trying to speak out

against the tide of history. which preserves the ideal free personality, this is a slightly different view, already a third view, pushkin does not just justify autocracy, on the contrary, he promotes the independence of the individual, this is the idea according to which the individual must resist the pressure of power, not dissolve in front of power, the same idea is in the article about ratishchev, which he wrote for a contemporary, which was prohibited, there is this thing, when pushkin writes about radishchev, here you need to try to make it very difficult, to separate where he writes about radishchev for the sake of censorship, because radishchev’s work remained prohibited, and where he is trying to somehow push through a conversation about the radishchevs, after all, a very important figure for russian culture, for the self-awareness of the same tekabrists, for the self-awareness of pushkin himself there and so on, yes - where he writes for the sake of censorship , dragging through some thoughts of the parent, some ideas, there, for example, in a conversation about marriages, for example, on a trip from moscow to st. petersburg, yes, he writes there that forced marriages remain an evil, but i am

quoting verbatim... but close to the text, and responding to the corresponding chapter from the book radishchev, and yet in this article for a contemporary there is sympathy for radishchev and a desire to convey some news about him, so he writes: we never considered the one who gave birth to be a great man, his act always seemed to us a crime, unexcusable, but a trip to moscow is a very mediocre book, but with all that we can’t help but... recognize him as a criminal with an extraordinary spirit, a political fanatic who is mistaken, of course, but acts with amazing selflessness and with some kind of knightly conscience, that’s what’s important, by the way, pushkin is precisely why the question of knightly conscience and self-sacrifice occupies his pedigree, because in the past the poet’s ancestors, as he wrote, were spoiled by their stubborn spirit, when his ancestors, for example, spoke out against peter, but he was generally for

peter, sort of , but at the same time the fact that they

are the necessity of certain actions, because history in general, well, this is me expressing my own opinion, it is also that dictator, history, so to speak, punishes those who run forward, time screams ahead of the locomotives forward, as it was during the revolution, and those who slows down development, it punishes both, everything must be done on time, speaking about these deep-seated processes, it must be said that... in relation to the west , this phenomenon, which can be called later in relation to pushkin’s times, the term bourgeoisification , was irritating morals, in the movement to the first place, one can recall the stingy knight, by the way, in this regard, but besides this, pushkin writes quite a lot in epigrams about literary businessmen, he sees the penetration of bourgeois relations into literature, and although pushkin is the creator, one of

the creators of the profession is a professional. a person who is professionally engaged in literature is some kind of, well, serf, in general, yes, to whom one can, so to speak, give a handout. pushkin makes the profession of a writer, uh, a respected, significant profession, he says that you can earn money with this, but at the same time the bourgeoisification of morals, well , remember his famous, yes, that inspiration is not for sale, you can sell a manuscript, so those who are inspiration sell, call him contempt, he writes epigrams in this regard to bulgarin, and even on a trip from moscow to st. petersburg, he characterizes something like this... “now the last spisak, ready for any private meanness, loudly preaches independence and writes nameless libels against the people before whom spread out in their office. moreover, for some time now literature has become a profitable craft for us, by the way, through the efforts of alexander

sergeevich himself, and the public is able to give more money than his excellency so-and -so or his excellency so-and-so. be that as it may, i repeat that form means nothing. lomonosov crepes are worthy of the respect of all honest people, despite their humble dedications. which.

and he writes about the picture of the united states, they set it as an example and he writes despite the fact that in this sense it contradicts some such image of the united states as the abode of freedom, but again you need to pay attention that the text is censored, yes, when it writes that on the part of the managers, timidity, servility, talent for respect for royalty, are forced to voluntary astrakism, and so on and so forth, when he writes about genealogical persecution among people who do not have nobility and so on, there is of course a hint of russia. aesopian language, here you need to understand that russian literature existed in the 19th century to a large extent in the 20th century under conditions of censorship, so our writers have the skills of aesopian language, starting long before pushkin, yes, krylov,

derzhavin and so on, yes , the skills from the opvo language were very strong, yes, well, let’s go back to the decembrists for a second, because the decembrists had a lot of disagreements among them. they discussed and disagreed a lot, and nevertheless, so to speak, such a fundamental thesis, or some kind of thesis that still united them, was a movement, as it were, towards freedom, yes, that’s it, although, well, if you remember that same pestel, then in order to achieve freedom he envisioned a dictatorship , a very tough dictatorship, and for several generations, so that...

that most of the decembrists also did not understand such drastic changes, the political system in russia at that time, well they could hardly do without...

nikolai, the more he again defends the ideal , it’s just an ethical position, it doesn’t go away, but the more he becomes disillusioned with a free personality. even in the genre , at the end of his life he chooses a monument and his famous poem, he is ambivalent about power, a brilliant bronze horseman, where on the one hand peter, yes - this is still the engine of progress, on the other hand it begins with what, yes, on the shore desert waves, but he stood full of the thoughts of the great, and then this power, this ruler tramples little man, evgeny, this ambivalence of power. pushkin grasps it and defends it, which is what he comes to at the end

of his life, there is his also not the most famous poem from spendemonti, i will not quote it in full, but a few fragments, it is short, very worthy of attention: for power, for levrea, do not bend anything conscience, no niche thoughts, this is the most important thing, the ideal of a free individual, here we see that narrowly understood liberal ideals and monarchical ideals are, in general, equally far from the poet. and pushkin here, one might say, he polemicizes, partly with the decembrists and with the monarchists, remains in his own position, according to which, in general, the highest judge is a poet, a free person, he was, of course, a great poet, no doubt, of course,

and pushkin constantly tells us about this about

the need, on the one hand, for an objective view of history, awareness of the fragility of this surrounding world, and the need to treat history both objectively and at the same time with passion, because without this, there is no objectivity, no matter how paradoxical it is. get there. yes it is. this was a historical podcast russia-west on the swing of history, today we talked about the figure of alexander sergeevich pushkin. you can watch all episodes of the russia west podcast on the swing of history on the channel one website. dear friends, the creative industry podcast is on the air and there are still living, real copies of the presenters with you, this is still elena kiper,

producer and music video maker, and i won’t touch it yet, you need to make sure, roman karmanov, general director. researching data from the largest bank, i’m very glad to be here, hello, thank you for coming, we didn’t just start out like that, because artificial intelligence is really a topic that everyone hears about, but very few people understand what it is, so everyone is already afraid, afraid, well, in general something, but which he doesn’t really understand. what is it, we know what it is, we know a little, we use it, remotely, what artificial intelligence is, let’s first at least figure out what kind of thing this is , in fact, artificial intelligence, there is absolutely no need to be afraid of it, since we with they started this, this is a tool that helps us do different things, that is

, it automates some part of our intellectual work, mostly the routine part, artificial intelligence - this actually usually means some kind of... neural network, what is a neural network? a neural network is something, you know, you can imagine it as a black box that takes something as an input and gives something as an output, that’s exactly how we imagine it, like a black box, what’s inside the black box is some kind of mathematical function , a function that now, for example, it lies behind, for example, generating a picture from a text, it has, well, there are billions of parameters, so they are so complex that a simple person who is now sitting with ours must pass it? digital tv is still about artificial intelligence, within the framework of this everyday understanding , artificial intelligence is, well , artificial intelligence is such a black box, you can imagine it like this, which everyone just imagined now as a black box, what to do with it, which learns to accept some solutions, these solutions

there may be a huge number of problems, in fact, that it solves, that is, you, you take a certain amount of data, well, let’s say, a certain amount of knowledge, well, relatively speaking, you take all the volumes of the lion. you load it into this black box and it can give you, well, conditionally another volume , like the tolstoy lion, for example, well, in a sense, yes, that is, this function here, it learns in this way, that is, the parameters are configured in this way, these billions of motives, as it were, so that it is configured, what does this mean, this means that this is it, that is, a process is taking place learning, if we are talking about language models, such as, for example, the well -known chargept, for example, then this is a function that takes a set of words as input and tries to predict the next one, and thus, if we predict a word many times, we will get, for example, the next chapter of leo tolstoy, this is what the language model specifically does, after all, a neural network, it can not just

compile, it can create some new interesting ones, that is, this is a new quality after all, that is, how to say it , how would... recently, this is an indisputable fact in my opinion, but in fact i can say this, that really this is the field of artificial intelligence, it is now being democratized, this term may be a little complicated there, but i will try explain what this means, that people can now study artificial intelligence starting from school, say, from

the ninth grade, sometimes someone from the seventh grade, in general they are studying at a good level, which was unimaginable there 10 years ago. that is really there the level of mathematics, the level of interest of schoolchildren and sometimes even the quality of training programs, which are actually done on artificial intelligence, they allow one to enter this science, and this is really science, it is complex, this is mathematics, this is the junction of mathematics and the actual calculations of machine learning, to enter already in the seventh grade, and we hold a huge number of hackathon competitions there, and we see that children, in general, cope with complex tasks. very flexible and therefore they allow you to solve this not only with neural networks, they are just neural networks a huge number of tasks, even

creative ones, that is, the task of a person who wants to create a model of artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence is how to select an algorithm that suits the task, although recently there are universal algorithms that solve a huge number of problems, and how to to teach that the most important thing, you know, i surprisingly discovered that... a creative person, if he has some images in his head, has ideas, fantasies, and so on, to transfer these images to him on paper well, that is, it was necessary to acquire certain skills, he had to go to study, become an artist, become a musician, and so on, now it turns out that with the help of artificial intelligence you will refute this for me or confirm this, that is, you can transfer these images from your head, so to speak into a neural network, yeah. it will create a picture for you, which will generally transfer the picture from your head, in general, to the computer, this is true, of course, of course, yes, and the non-irase

that draws pictures, it, for example, can accept text as input, that is, you you can write something in text, but the text must be artistic, it must include all the images, you need to detail what you want, this makes the work of the neural network much easier. because it’s easier for her when you described in detail what you want, it’s easier for her to draw it, when you wrote i just want a fish in space, for example, i don’t know where this comes from, she needs to figure it out, and whether she should be in a spacesuit or not in a spacesuit, whether the planet should be in the background or not, it turns out that surprise, surprise, yes in in a sense, there will be a fish in space, of course, it’s not clear what kind, you need to learn to manage artificial intelligence, of course, yes, of course, there is actually one... which is especially relevant lately, this is industrial engineering, that is, this creation is these very texts that are loaded into this black box, in

particular, yes, although in fact this is the most common, say, task, although the neural network can create pictures based on other types of data, for example, you can draw a sketch and ask them to make it realistic, also a task for a neural network as a whole, such as kandinsky, for example, the neural network is named after the great russian artist, who came up with the idea that it would be named after the great artist?

and like any, any engineering art, it implies that you need to do and come up with some new details, new features, make a little changes to existing architectures, thereby making the algorithm the best in terms of the quality of text understanding, here this product, the visual quality of the image, and in fact, when we did kandinsky and are doing it, we set the first such scientific and technical task, firstly, to create something new, secondly, to improve the current architecture, even western, space for...