they showed themselves with dignity in their studies, in creativity, in work, and sometimes in difficult trials. and, of course, the main support for every person is family. i am sure you will continue all the best family traditions. together you will be able to build the future you dream of today. i would like to sincerely wish you all success, accomplishments, and outstanding achievements. achievements of the country, from kamchatka to kaliningrad, graduation balls are held today throughout the victories, happy holiday to you, be happy, discos and concerts will thunder until the morning, and before they begin, those who have achieved in studies, special successes, in st. petersburg , governor alexander beglov, the museum and exhibition complex russia my history, presented gold and silver medals.

russia is a country of opportunity. together with other yesterday's schoolchildren, guests from mariupol will take part in the main graduation celebration, which traditionally takes place in the very center of st. petersburg. scarlet and sails, a grandiose spectacle with a rich history, water-peritechnical show, theatrical performance on the embankments, light effects , culmination of the majestic brik russia in water areas of the neva. this year the route will be extended so that even more spectators can see the action in all its glory. and now moscow, red. gum square, the real

embodiment of summer, is buried in flowers and greenery, garlands inside and a huge fragrant carpet outside. the traditional flower festival transformed the entire area of ​​the store, and yana podziuban also had a hand in transforming it into a fragrant meadow. flower beds on red square grew on granite tiles and flowers bloomed into delicate buds. attention, the exact quantity is known - 227. we really need natural things, necessary. so that in the summer, when summer has finally arrived, and we want smiles, freshness, short sleeves, we really want flowers, because just paving stones are certainly meaningful, but we also need smiles, planted with ornaments, diamonds in groups, almost chaotic spots, a flower forest among the stones, it seems to be the work of magicians, that’s right, they appear in the dead of night, every night our professional gardeners come to us,

you are the freshest, it seems to me that the feeling is that it’s just a person, when he comes to red square, he walks through meadows, through flower meadows. philip kirkorov is well versed in bouquets, but he also tried himself as a gardener, the country mood of the hosts of the good morning program, their positivity multiplied by the velvet of flowers gives birth to the most tender images from childhood, for me this is also a symbol of youth, you know the first one.

youthful love in fifth grade, but no money, where to get a flower, naturally, from your grandmother at the dacha, grandma, you, of course, have a long life, good health, she gives me peonies there, dahlias, what else are they, marigolds, probably yes, tulips, she made me such a huge bouquet, and thanks to her i went. psychologists assure that 30 minutes next to flowers can not only lift your mood, change your inner world, paint, fill with color, you can’t argue with that, but they should grow everywhere, from tiles, from concrete. everything is made of stones, they must be everywhere, because if there isn’t, there won’t be them, there won’t be anything, there won’t be anything, so let them grow, they say, a sea of ​​flowers, a sea of ​​flowers, now it’s clear how it looks like, what it’s like, and how wonderful it is, to stay on the sidelines, just watch the process, it’s even impossible to film a story, you want to plant, in general , planting flowers like this is a gardener’s dream, you take a box, walk along red square, place it carefully, following the drawing or inventing the drawing on the go, like this, closer, tightly,

planted, yana podiban, dmitry remizov, natalya labanova, evgeniy leonov, channel one. hello, this is the popular science podcast schrödinger's cat, and i am its host, the chief editor of the magazine is also schrödinger's cat, grigory tarasevich, and today we will talk about a unique expedition from...

the polar city, which was located on the tas river, is a tributary of the abi, and it was such an outpost of pioneers, industrialists who went to siberia in xv, in the xiv centuries, in order to extract furs, and in general, siberia was opened. well, look, this is the route of the expedition, which is planned for this summer, it’s more than 3,000 km, in fact, from the european part of russia the ship goes to siberia, bypassing. ural, bypassing yamal and coming to the western siberia, almost to the enesey. yes, well, you can look at the scale, at the beginning there is a section that we passed that year, in the fall from velikiy usteg to arkhangelsk along the northern dvina - this is 700 km, and 3,000 km from

arkhangelsk along the white sea, you see, that’s through the throat of the white sea, then through the kani peninsula, we cross the yamal peninsula, there will also be a portage, but it does not take up all of this length, where there are three crosses, but there will be about 700 m, we will be dragged from one lake to another. now we are already leaving for op, in ob bay, further to tazovskaya bay, here on the taz river we will find mangasia where it was, it appeared in 1601, it ended its existence in 1672, that is

, it existed for 71 years, but it was so legendary that it is still he remembers the golden-boiling mangazeya, such, well, in fact , almost a mythical city, but this is really a very interesting story, because they came there by sea, and in general there are a lot of unknowns around there, this arctic circle, when the industrialists went there, why exactly there they organized, well that was it it was probably convenient to come from the op river basin to the yenisei basin, that is, through the plateau, through volok, they also passed there, well, there were two huge territories connected there, in which there was, where there was a lot of sable, these are all that it was highly valued at that time in europe, it was valued in asia, then they went there, and in general , if you look at the data now, our pioneers reached from the urals through all of eastern eurasia, in just one human century, in

50-60 years, can you imagine? , what, some the story could have touched on a specific person who, as a child, crossed the urals and reached the pacific ocean. pass all these huge siberian rivers, uh, building boats, uh, hunting for this fur, which was very expensive at that time, the little ice age, uh, in the end he went out into the quiet to the pacific ocean and another 20 years ahead of the americans when he discovered e in alaska, but we came earlier than the europeans who went there through canada - well , that was really...

that you don’t cut, well, the strongest part of the tree, in fact, quite rightly, the cocora, where these fibers are, they turn, they are generally mixed there like that, this is the strongest part of the wood. in wood, and we tried to somehow process it, it’s really very difficult, well, here’s a simple boat that has survived to our time, that is, as we now know, karbysys began to be built at least 500 years ago, at the very beginning of the development of the white sea , the arctic by russian pioneers, and from many, from dozens ships that were created by the sea. karbas is the only sea vessel that has come down to us, so, in fact, we

chose it on our trip to mangazeya, because it is a continuous tradition, not really described, not documented, we built the first karbas in the seventh year, we have it it was built directly by the keeper of this living tradition, what is so interesting about karbos in general, in this talent of the shipbuilding people, who... invented such a vessel, this is , in my opinion, very russian like this phenomenon, carbo is built in just 2 weeks, the master goes into the forest, cuts down trees there, makes kokurs, splits boards, takes spruce branches, sews it all together, all these boards, that is, not a single nail, without nails, uh, with one ax, then drives out the resin from the remnants of these roots, covers it like paint, that 's it... the boat is ready, here you go, preparing the cocora, this is how

we prepared the cocora for our karbos, matera, big, you see, the main thing is to find an even root that comes out in one there is a hole of wood, well , you probably have to dig it like this, maybe 30 barrels to find a smooth , good kokura, it’s not that difficult, here is a dutch castle, here is one large kokura, there will be a bow and stem, and this is the stern, we call it a zakarenok, here they are joined here, it turns out like this a u-shaped part, we call a bookmark, this is the keel, the most important thing of the vessel, the stem and stern, this is the most important part, just like that, it is already docked here, you see, artyom was our chief specialist in shipbuilding, because now he chooses here rabbet the tongue is the place where

the boards are stuck in order to fasten them there, then the bookmark is placed on the slipway, here it is already standing on the slipway, next to our shipyard in arkhangelsk, ready to start sheathing it, yes, but for this , so that we do not make a mistake with the size, with the width, with the shapes of the carboss, we made this... 3d model , patterns are inserted, these are temporary patterns, frame-like parts, around which the boards will be bent, and the drawings of the boards come, the boards - this is what they stuff, what they actually do plating, if the ship is built first, the whole island, all the frames, beams, that’s all the backbone that should... hold everything that gives strength to the ship, already, when all this is ready, all these longitudinal and transverse connections

are installed, secured, then they are dressed in sheathing, but for folk boats it’s the other way around, it’s enough to just make the laying and then we stuff the boards one by one and they kind of form a shape, create a shape, we do the sheathing first, and then we insert the frames inside, arttyom, you see, he. .. steams the first panels that should be rolled up, this is the moment when we have a board in the middle of the body, it practically goes, you see, it lies horizontally, it should be rolled up vertically towards the pins, it turns out that each board, here it is rolled up, this sets the shape of the body, and of course this is the most complicated thing, you see this thing, a lever that presses, and uh, the pliers are clearly visible here, how they work, that is, one...

temporary screws are visible, here, but in the end we have all this we remove it, it stays with us nailless connection, as it has always been, and this method, in fact, was abandoned, well, already in the 20th century, back in the 20th century they also sewed boats, well, at some point it became unprofitable, so they began to rivet them copper rivets, steel nails, iron, forged, well, it so happens that we have half of the boat ...

flush so that it does not rub, and so constantly twisting, twisting, make the next stitch, while each exit entrance is fixed with such a chop , such a peg so that it doesn’t seem to give back, here every time they pull it, pull it, insert a peg on the other side, stitch it, pull it on that side again, insert the peg again, this is really such a beautiful work and it emanates somehow with... some kind of antiquity, such primordialness, while we this master class was not held in moscow, where probably 300 or more people took part, i think that we have fewer people who still know how to sew sweatshirts than cosmonauts, but now there are more, obviously, after the sheathing is ready, all the panels are installed, uh, they go to the first plan of the frame, and from these frames it is inserted, here

it is assembled, the frames are inserted, this is the frame - this is from german. in general, the rod is this rib, well, that’s what holds it, then that ’s what holds the volume and takes the entire load on itself, this transverse one, so it’s adjusted like this, trimmed and it becomes, too , of course they’re very strong, well, this is sailing armament, sailing armament , sprint armament, you see how the sprint is what is diagonal, but this is a riya or a rack, you can also say. what's the plus such an expression? well, firstly, it is very simple, it allows you to tack, that is , go against the wind, it is very easy to remove, which is important, if a squall suddenly approaches, you just need to remove the slats, we have one corner, the upper corner will be freed up, our sail area will be halved , sometimes it’s necessary

when a squall approaches, like a thunderstorm on land or sea squall, then suddenly it blew like that, here you can quickly throw off the sails so that it doesn’t put it on the water, so that the karbas doesn’t take water, well, the word is matera, yes matera, our name of our karbosa means a hardened, continental, indigenous shore, where they returned, to which the sailors returned, always looking for their shore, here it is karbas, this idiot or some kind of ship in the fog and since you have some kind of shore here... appeared, you think, yours, not yours, you come closer, you’re such an island, let’s say, you’re looking for your own, your port, this is your seasoned shore, you find yours , schrödinger’s cat podcast is with you, and we’re talking about an expedition from arkhangelsk to siberia on a wooden carbass, reconstructed according to

technologies that are many, many hundreds of years old, with we are the leader of this expedition, captain, head of the shipyard of the pomeranian shipbuilding partnership, evgeniy shkoruba. this is a structure made according to recipes 300-500 years old, it floated down the river as it was, it didn’t fall apart at all, didn’t drown, didn’t capsize, for me it was a discovery that it floated very easily, and there was little wind and no one else... knew how to row at that moment , and it was like that, without any strain, she went, well, which, in fact, emphasizes this sailing ability of this form, why did karbos live to see us? days, because this is a very simple ship, on the one hand, but it is very seaworthy, its very shape, it is so ideal for its class of sea vessels, it was already september, we went down on

september 19, so with fair winds we went down, fascinated by its progress, how persistent it was, well, really, this time was already when the northern dvina became very shallow at...

well, healthy, well, without a roof, that is, everything, violently called, the roof blew in, sometimes, well, i must say, this is work , it's work to row, no half an hour, and a whole day, this is the kind of work that is exhausting, well, the oars there are so serious, they are like 4 seconds in my opinion, yes, yes, they had to be made large, because the side height is large, and for this lever to work, in order to... touch the water, i had to make them big, but that’s okay, i liked them, they’re somehow so simple, and how long would it take to walk

the maximum along the dvina a day, about 30-40 km, that’s with the flow, of course we did, we walked quite lightly, and i’m scared of what will happen to us this year, we will have to walk 50 km by sea, and you will need to keep up with us. a strict schedule, how it will be this year, i honestly don’t know yet, this is such a big intrigue, most of all, it seems to me, tourists go on such carbas, now they go to mangazeya, but so, to travel exclusively by oars and sail, this hasn’t happened for a long time, probably it hasn’t happened at all, let’s see how we manage, that is, 300 km, strictly oars and... without any motors, without motors, with regular stops in order to tell stories, meet with local people, talk about the history of the discovery of siberia

by pioneers, why is this necessary in general, collect new data, but it’s all slowed down, imagine, well, you’re sitting on the shore, you have no wind or it’s headwind, if you have 3 months or there are 80 days, well, you you can calmly sit there for a week, walk , look at something, relax, a good breeze blew in you, you sat down with a tailwind, as we say, capable of five, you went there for 5 days, seven days you did 1.00 km , here and then the weather again changed, again you sit, wait, but here you just got up to speed, since you have some kind of village, you have some kind of settlement where you need to speak, you have rectors, lecturers coming with you and... here they are performing , you missed this weather, this is - this will probably be a big obstacle, and carp can go against the wind, as i understand it, as your experiments showed, well

, in general it’s surprising that sailing ships can go against the felt, uh, not only karbosa, karbosa has a rather long fin, so it he is not blown sideways, in general, man has had three big revolutions in the sailing business in humanity, the first is that he, in principle , learned to ride with the wind. he guessed there to open some conventional umbrella for a fee, he was carried down by the wind, then he had a revolution, when he learned to maneuver against the wind with oblique weapons, the third revolution is now taking place before our eyes, the last 100 years, now it’s already in full swing due to the fact that new material has appeared, light ships begin to progress, the sailing ship goes faster winds, two, three times, racing vectors add up like... this is what turns out faster in what yes, yes, yeah, with the increase in speed an additional wind arises, which we ourselves accelerate, this is

the so-called apparent wind. or heading wind, correct heading, the faster we go, we create this wind in the oncoming movement, but if we have an angle to the wind, then it continues to work, we fall off, so it starts to work, modern racing yachts accelerate, carbosses of the second revolution , that is, practically this is the place where pomur lived when he didn’t live at home, that is, this is something to compare with, i don’t even know what to compare with, because there is no arable land on the seaside, as they say on the seaside, the sea is our field, people lived by the sea , and this is a journey, you have to go somewhere, this is also fishing, when you go out to sea, and accordingly, of course, little by little you gradually settle in, here we have a galley organized, cooking, here you go, this moment when we ran out of gas, we

made something like this...

rigidly attached to the frames, it became to rip out these legs, at some point we started leaking carboses, we began to slowly sink, at first we pumped out very little by little, we had a pump, then i saw that, in fact, the pump was working all the time, no matter how long we walked the pump is running on one of the morning ones like this... we came in the morning to go further, everything here is floating, it became clear that this is a critical, already critical situation, we had to pull the carbos ashore and turn it over remove the excess dowel wooden, seal this hole and now in arkhangelsk we will remove the excess nails, we will make this structure more alive, it is a wooden structure, it

is different in that it all moves there, all the components are generally sewn, they should not be rigid be fixed, they work together with the water in which the karbys goes, why build ships, firstly, wooden ones, but it’s about beauty, but why do we need to build ships like this, but in general for me these are the first ships that we we are building a replica, we have already built 10 karbosov, we are building a modern schooner, i don’t really like it at all. replicas, but here it is simply justified by the fact that we want to reveal exactly this story, how it happened, here is a replica, it all depends on the body that we sewed, really without nails, on our oars, on the fact that we are moving only on oars and under sails, but then there are clothes, a telephone, this is already modern, i think that there is no point in playing this here, there is no point in dressing up in some kind of rags, sharpening stone axes,

we are researching exactly the technique of passing and the exhibition that will be in moscow, it will be called the technology of discovery, not even about geography, that’s exactly how it all happened, but the samovar, well, it’s like samovars, samovar, yes, this is us from the first ours, such a shipbuilding project, when we built the first karbos in the seventeenth year, well, now you’re even sitting, you’ve touched this, it’s already easier for you to feel warm, because it’s cold, cold, how they waited for all this, worried, it’s unclear , we continue the conversation about why in in the modern world to build wooden historical ships, our guest evgeniy shkoruba, captain, leader of the expedition from arkhangelsk to mangazeya, shipbuilding in general, when it appeared, and it has already been there for many thousands of years, it... its design, its

shape, it doesn’t make any difference leave, mangazeyas, then, in principle, all of siberia, all of our eastern eurasia, it passed precisely thanks to boats, because the pioneers knew how to build boats, they knew how to build boats by sea, they walked along a big river, for example, they walk along pechora, climb along

some tributary, they are faced with the fact that the river has become too small, and they need a kural to go there, they leave this vessel, build a small vessel, a small boat. uh , they reach the urals, drag them, go down to the next tributary of the op, build again a huge large ship, some kind of lodyu or koch, and so on, so they masterfully knew how to build these ships, and of course, they were wooden ships, a huge piece of history is connected with wooden shipbuilding, which we still know very little about it somehow we think we mean this great russian era... of geographical discoveries in the 16th-17th centuries, when in just 60 years we covered this huge distance to the pacific ocean in one human life, and what spaces we mastered, and thanks to boats, but mostly peacefully,

because there actually was a war there, well , you can look at it differently, of course they also fought, but they won, again thanks to the fact that we had a fleet, and because the locals there were tribes they didn’t have, they didn’t know how to build such large ships. ours on the cossacks had these wooden plows as fortresses, like warships equipped with firearms, they were elusive, and thirdly, it’s probably beautiful, considering that a wooden ship, unlike other materials, you can see how every detail works, uh, it’s like this again, in greek architecture, you have columns, you have uh, a beam, you see how the structure works, from this you... already get some visual pleasure, then the same thing with a wooden ship, you see this keel, this powerful longitudinal beam, which sets the entire scale, the entire entire length of this vessel, you see

how frames or ribs, springs are attached to it - which determine this entire volume, then there is a far stem, a breakwater that you feel , how it works when it cuts this one uh. into the water, if just recently, about 50 years ago, wood in shipbuilding was the cheapest material, the most accessible, but now it is already an ecological material, it is a classic, it is a pleasure, getting pleasure from wooden ship, go through, build it with your own hands and go on it, but of course, this whole process of transition there, this is also continuous. with physics it was possible to find these bows, how to find bunches from a perpendicular river, we have large main siberian rivers, they seem to run perpendicularly, they flow from south to

north, how to go east along them, they found these climbs, how you could roll, along a cat and a drag, a drag , how you will roll it right here on logs, like the yamal drag and will have to do. there’s a long distance there, no, not huge, there’s about a kilometer there, less than a kilometer, but 700 m, but there you’ll have to drag the carbs for 300 km against the flow of the river, here i’m just in a stupor for 300 km against the flow , this can’t be rowed out, it means either there must be either a very good, clear fair wind, or we will go barge hauling, like barge haulers on the volga, we will wash, and if... everything is overgrown there, in this big expedition, what degree unpredictability, but in general the sea is always unpredictability, you know, there is international rules have a clear definition.