on the way he doesn’t believe it, because he looks, well, gogol, yes, that means his collar went up, no, no, no, and he told about himself some kind of terrible story about how he was left alone there without mommy, without daddy, like that that means the poor unfortunate thing, and it so happened that this baker was friends with aksakov, and he comes to aksakov and says, how i would like to meet gogol, what a dream, and oksa says, yes, he’ll be here any minute. .. should be visiting me, then suddenly he comes in that means, the same orphan with whom he was traveling, a certain gogel, and peker becomes furious, that is, well, that the man was simply fooling him for three days, and there just a scandal begins, oksaks barely persuaded them there, just in general, somehow he put him in jail, made peace, began to say, yes, you see, nikolai vasilyevich is fooling everyone, that’s how he is, that’s how he is, but then how interesting it is that when after this...

trip, when oksakov goes to see gogol off abroad, with sons everything, he witnesses an absolutely incredible scene, gogol gets into a stagecoach, there used to be such a conductor's list, so he is signed up on this conductor's list with a honol, these are still side effects of genius, but here he is, when he was not writing, this is what happened to him, and how he wrote the episode, when oksakov decided to visit him in 1939, they were together in st. petersburg, and gogol lived in an apartment with...

and oksakov, he says that he just gasped, he writes this to his son, describes it, which means in front of him nikolai vasilyevich is standing, wearing a woman’s jacket and stockings over his robe, on his head is a mordovian kokoshnik, it’s all wrapped in a scarf, and maybe he sewed it all himself, it’s possible, because where did he get it all from, and he has absolutely blank eyes, he looks at them like that, and how oksakov said that he didn’t even notice us. and he didn’t explain his outfit in any way, nothing, he just looked at such absences and closed the doors, that is, he wrote in such altered states of consciousness, absolutely there , probably at that time he wrote a tragedy from the life of the zaporozhye cossacks, dressed up, well in the year forty-five, something happened to gogol that happened, in fact, what later led to the burning of the second volume of dead souls to tragedy, he wrote to the maid of honor of the court, alexandra iosipovna smirlova, terrible words in which not a single one. the writer won’t even

admit to himself if this happens to him, he literally wrote the following: god took away from me the ability to create, fiction, on friday first, hello, what kind of home delivery? i cooked the food myself, i have to work, thank you, go home, why, i need to return the plate, that’s the custom, but us in the yard from july 7 to sunday on the first. you are watching precious stories, my

name is ekaterina varkan, my guest today is vladislav otroshenko, a wonderful russian writer, we are talking with him about goggol. you said there was an image that supported this idea. yes, by the way, this is a caricature. yes, yes, yes, that’s it - after all , all of russia is waiting from him for what it was, the dead spirit is waiting for the second volume. yes, this is a very famous caricature from 846, just after this confession. gogol, god gave up from me the ability to create, you see, there is a picture of gogol up there, he is sleeping on the second volume of dead souls, the second volume is written right there, and he is sleeping on it, this caricature, in fact, proves this idea that russia demanded, expected from gogol the second volume of dead souls, and gogol, he promised in 842, when he left russia, he said that in 2 years he would return with the second volume, he published the first.

in may 842, now he will return with the second volume, now it comes, 2 years pass, 3 years, 4 years, and until the forty-eighth year, when he returned to russia. in fact , he didn’t publish any second volume, but all of russia saw this caricature and google saw it, and what’s more, he even wrote that there are rumors that i’m ashamed to return to russia because there’s no in the hands of the second house of dead arcs, well , these are all these stories that show us all these strange things, this is some kind of fog that google itself let loose over the whole world, in fact, he's everyone's fool. and we see how language as inspiration often

controls the author and sometimes it ends tragically, not always joyfully, well , it is always difficult for the author in the process, in any case, so i decided to consider the same picture. gogol’s simply from the side of his ordinary everyday life, so let’s quickly try to run through this summary, i don’t know how we will succeed, well, nikolai vasilyevich at the end of the twenty-eighth year 1800 appears in st. petersburg, since the twenty -ninth he means such a performer in st. petersburg came, well, in general, he dreamed of fame, which means he saw himself as a writer, there are completely different descriptions, that is, he looked completely different from us...

and he brought with him such a programmatic work then for him, written not yet in st. petersburg in 1827, this is a poem by hans kuhelgartan, yes, yes, yes, it is such a romantic poem with such a general outlook on the future, here we have a cover, and

such distant, distant dreams of a beautiful life, beautiful countries, and glory , well, gogol always had such dreams, but somehow not... gogol's love stories, that is, but then gogol's literary collecting begins, he writes to his mother, so to speak, a large number of letters, he asks, remind them of molarussia, as if he himself is not from there, what the places look like and shtetls, that means, what local clothes look like, what

the landowners talk about, what the men talk about, some stories, anecdotes, so he asked, asked his mother, as a result, in thirty- one or thirty-two, evenings on farms came out blezdikanki. everyone is delighted, everyone is delighted delighted, pushkin himself writes, but they didn’t amaze me, which means they amazed me, all this is so unusual in our literature that i still haven’t come to my senses. well, googol in general is just funny, and this is literature, googol thinks, laughs, you know, but how about this from the outside, it means looking at it all, well, in general , googol still clearly knew, so to speak, his company, which he was drawn to, this naturally, zhukovsky and pushkin, that is, it was necessary to enter some kind of literary society, because it means somehow moving there, so to speak, all the more so here such a success means this book was absolutely wonderful.

lured this watch, that means from zhikovsky, well , according to us

, it’s on the wall at zhikovsky’s place, i imagine how he took it to look at it, and so, twisted, twisted, zhukovsky, well, take it for yourself, in general, well, because there is no other way, because he was on the zhukovsky shore, which means, yes, here is gogol, then, that means, well , gogol had no descendants, and that means the watch ended up first with his sister olga, and then with elizabeth, so that’s the plot -that means that gogol gave it to one sister, then that means... to another sister elizabeth, and elizabeth had a son nikolai vladimirovich bykov, this nikolai vladimirovich, that means he successfully married maria alexandrovna, the last name was pushkina, it was the granddaughter of alexander sergeevich and the watch still returned to the family, magnificent the story, straight pushkin-gogol, yes, mystical, like a clock having completed such a circle, it means that they returned again to pushkin, that is, after all , pushkin did not give his thing, did not allow him to rob it completely.

today we are talking about nikolai vasilyevich gogol with the russian writer vladislav otroshenko. my name is ekaterina varkan and pushkin is published by a contemporary, we know and invites gogal to collaborate, well, to engage in criticism. gogol was destined to be a journalist, but he is already a writer, and therefore he has his own separate opinion, he composes a magazine article. this article is placed in the first volume, which means it is a contemporary, so, in the third, also without any indication of the author, in the third, pushkin, in general, so to speak, responds to gogol, which means that he is quite defiant about his article, he writes first of all that i saw big a contradiction, a big prejudice against senkovsky, which means he is my favorite person, i simply adore him, and i believe that he is also a contemporary.

subscribers, which means this is also, so to speak , no good, but this magazine, which means it was still very, so to speak, it had a lot of knowledge, for example, this is the first, they introduced the first flat royalty, by the way, they brought senkovsky brought all texts to a single denominator of a single style, the so-called rewriting, that’s all, strictly speaking, our fashion magazines late nineties, early 2000, they believe that they invented glossy fashion magazines, rewriting, everything else, everything...

that you can’t shout, that is, who gave what to whom, who how, then we know smirny again, yes, aleksan osipovna, and he from her too, which means that she is our beauty, he demanded a large number of all kinds of observations from her, so in general he didn’t feel the heroes, didn’t see them, that is, he somehow gave birth to them himself, that is, he needed some external signs, then he said something like this, there were a lot of moments, he needed there was, how can i say this, here...

to the bar, one might say, correspondence with friends, selected passages from correspondence with friends, this, of course, was published in the year forty-seven, this, of course, for me is a monstrous text, for me the text is monstrous, i was just in some kind of shock at home, and apparently, most of the people who saw it, well, a large number, so to speak, not more, a lot, who saw it, they simply did not recognize gogol, that is, here he is,

the real one gogol, you see, he writes, he is confident of success. that finally he is here to say, he has matured so much and has such rights to declare such things, that is, to become real, finally, yes, and he organizes everyone again, builds everyone up again, which means he writes to pletnev, take up this book, there will be success, it sells like hot cakes, they pass but censorship, we know all the works, and here, since this was a bit of a religious nature, so to speak, it was a composition, and there was censorship from the church side, so the censor wrote down such a thing that ... the author of the concept of the russian church and the clergy of the confused concept from the author, here in in general, of course, everyone was in some kind of amazement. well, well, but here there is a high style, a high style, that’s what he started with, you know, yes, with this first youthful work of his, then he was forced to pretend, so to speak,

to rebuild into some other works, in the dekanka, in the auditors, in everything else, to be reborn and turn over, again we remember nikitenko, who speaks, as soon as he is in high spirits, he becomes pompous and pedantic, we remember again, but at the same time there was also the second volume of dead souls, here in in general... of course it was a complete breakdown, because, so to speak, he still didn’t go, did n’t go, well, he was going somewhere, this work is meant, then suddenly i saw when this arose, well, let’s say, rejection correspondence with friends, gogul apparently looked deeper in the second volume, i saw that , in fact, well, this book, as if he was writing an instructive virtuous book, and even chichkov turned out to be a highly moral person, and chichikov without his properties is not chichikov, and well and... we're just trying to briefly formulate this right now, yes, but i i can imagine to what extent it was a discovery and a shock for gogol himself, when he discovered all this on a scale, on the scale of these

two works, and that all the spiritual meanings that he generally nurtured all his life turned out to be false and lost, so i have a feeling that he burned the second volume out of horror from the horror of this whole understanding and died from horror, you know, here... we kind of just approach this subject, maybe from different sides, but the subject we have one, i feel it really, firstly, the connection, of course, is undeniable between selected passages from correspondence with friends and the second volume, the connection between the death of gogol and the publication of this book, selected passages from correspondence with friends, why? because on the one hand, he himself later admitted in the author’s confession that he gave out this book, his words were directly understood, in order to compensate for his long silence, that he did not give out the second volume of dead souls, he tried to somehow fight, make excuses before belinsky, make excuses before everyone, yes, but only

zhikovsky, whom we here called the nanny of russian writers, who zhikovsky had a very delicate relationship with gogol, and he was very good at it, he called him gogalek, and zhikovsky wrote that in this book i swung khlestakov. transformation of chichikov from chichikov. because of such a rogue, a swindler, a half-demonic character, he turns into such a respectable christian in the second volume, he says there that he

will leave all his moshes there, he will work, he will help his neighbors, he will not overeat, he is a respectable christian, he will work for the good of the fatherland, for the good of everything in general, so he kisses the boots of the governor-general, who means he is released from prison, he beats him in prison... but in general he burned him out of horror died, well, his horror, i think, so i look at it, you know, purely artistic, well, through the prism of gogol’s artistic feeling, yes, gogol, as an artist, a great artist, he could not help but understand that he chichikov, who appears there in the second volume of dead souls, that this chichikov, he’s just dead.

he was seized by horror, of course, he was seized by horror, he was seized by horror primarily because he saw that this is what they wanted from him, by the way, on the one hand he himself had a message, you’re right, yes, because he had this... he even wanted to go and accept, so to speak, go to a monastery, yes, he had this desire to become a monk, yes, he had it, and well, russia came from him i wanted, you know, as if they expected from him, they expected positive images from him, they even demanded positive images from him, you know, now we all understand that gogol, gogol is like a great classical genius, yes, but... in my

opinion, this very story of the creation of the second volume of dead souls is the most enormous catastrophe not only in the history of russian literature, but of world literature, because indeed gogal was also thinking about the third volume, he had a plan to write a second third volume, and this is a disaster, but it has a very important positive point, the positive point is this what: many believed when gogol burned the second volume dead souls, that he had gone crazy, everyone was talking about it, and oksakov, and pavel anenkov, and pogodin, and shevirev, his closest friends, you know, they were talking about that he had gone crazy, that pavel anenkov, who took dictation he rewrote the first volume, he wrote in direct words that this was the result of a disease of the brain organs, well, as if he were a doctor in general, yes, so i think that everything is just the opposite, it was a great feat of a real

artist, realizing that in this way chichikov, he destroys the entire poem, all of it, all of its poetry, this poem that he created, which cannot be changed, chichikov cannot be changed from chichikov, just like dankehotno from donkehot, this is such a brilliant hero that it was impossible to make such a respectable christian out of him, it was impossible, and gogol actually reserved the right to judge his... speaking and being judged by their creation and the question was: this is who, which of them will survive? or dead souls, which he put an end to in 842, so either the poem will die, or gogal will die, so he actually chose his death, yes, this there was horror, but he had to survive this horror when he, you know, there is this picture, repina, well-known, where gogol with bulging eyes throws there the second volume of dead souls, a torn shirt, a

servant boy. holding his hand there, his eyes bulging out there, nothing like that, gogl did all this very calmly, he had already made this decision, and when he put this bunch of notebooks in the fireplace, they were bound sheets, and set them on fire with a candle, there was no fire there, he lit it himself with a candle, it was a stove, dutch, the fire started to go out, because the sheets were tied tightly, then he took gogol like that and calmly untied it all, and the fry... at the same time he says, what are you doing, master, don’t, stop it, and he says, it’s none of your business, pray, and he untied these strings, tore open these sheets, set them on fire again, and he sat like this calmly, watched how this second volume burned, only then, when everything burned, did he start leaking like this a tear down his cheek and he kissed the boy, who was also crying, and on january 1, 1952 he told the lion arnold said that it

was all ready for printing, that is, this is one... thank you very much, vlad, for the interesting conversation, you looked at precious stories, we talked today about nikolai vasilyevich gogol, my name is ekaterina varkan. hello, this is the substance deception podcast with you. olesya nosova, editor-in-chief of komsomolskaya pravda, and with me my regular presenter zukhrapavlova, a famous endocrinologist. today we will talk about eating disorders , and since this topic is at the intersection of physiology and psychology, we called on we are visiting a famous psychologist, candidate of psychological sciences, natalya fomicheva. natalya, hello, hello, in fact, the first question is, what is an eating disorder in general,

can eating behavior really... yes, we can start with what normal eating behavior is, healthy, in general, our body is structured in such a way that we feel physiological hunger, we eat, we feel full, we stop eating, and this is the basis of healthy eating behavior, so all problems begin precisely with that places where a person either feels hunger, but ignores it, or does not feel hunger, or does not feel... satiety and overeats, this is how the basis of the disorders is precisely the failure of this perception of processes, sensations of hunger, the feeling of fullness, and here there is a big story about the fact that you need to look somehow special, you need to somehow influence your own body, this can be done through food, so i, for example, will limit myself in food, i will feel hunger, but ignore it , or

i will. use food to regulate some emotions, then i will overeat, that is, here this physiological basis is initially disrupted, isn’t this normal? limit yourself in food, well, that is, you understand that you must look normal, feel normal , and for this you must somehow miss everything, that everything that is at hand, in fact, choose somehow, no, saturation itself should work as a limiter, that is, i stop eating when i’m full, and not when i ate a certain amount of calories, or never i began to worry that tomorrow it will be reflected on the scales, or never i looked at myself in the mirror. she said a bunch of nasty things to herself, that is, a limitation that comes from a feeling, it is essentially not a limitation: i’m full, i have enough, these are the restrictions because you need to look somehow - this is exactly the foundation

that further leads to breakdowns , because people limit themselves, go on diets, and as we all know from research, 95% of people gain weight after 5 years of dieting more than they went into this diet, uh-huh, this is the moment... if you eat very quickly, you will feel full when you have definitely overeaten than if you eat slowly, and you will have time to eat less , here i would generally talk about awareness of the process of nutrition itself, that is , nutrition, the process of consuming food, in a good way, is a separate type of activity when we eat quickly, because we are in a hurry, when we are simultaneously scrolling through something on the phone, arguing with. ..mochatsi and do a bunch of other things, of course we we overeat, because satiety is a signal that needs to be caught, it needs to be felt, great, yes, this story about joke 33 times - this is exactly what i would say that any

artificial introduction of some numbers , it is redundant, well, someone needs to live 33 times, someone 26, someone 48, the question here is what we enjoy... evolutionarily we prefer sweet food, because it is energy-intensive food, it is food, glucose we need it for the muscles, for the brain, and this is a rare food in a certain sense, but the main problem is the fact that initially, where the sweet food was,

there was sugar cane, go chew it, go get this glucose from there, fruits, fruits, which still contain fiber, and there is a process of the pancreas reacting to what has been received. well, to some extent it will not be very useful for the body, but this does not mean that you need to completely exclude it and sit, and then break down again, people need some tangible things, why 33, not 48, not 26 , because on average, to survive solid food. 33 is a sufficient number and here, too, 32 teeth, one tongue, and it’s easy to remember, yes, when there are some numbers, you can practice a little, as they say, then it becomes a reflex, and the person stops counting, but gets used to the fact that

food must be chewed, but you don’t know, this is the movement when this food is pushed straight through, it’s a lump of such unchewed, not moistened with saliva, and naturally, this food is of little use, because nothing can be extracted from it, also so that we don’t go far, in the icd, the same disorder, yes, an eating disorder behavior, it’s called, excuse me, international classification of diseases, thank you, you never let me run into this dark side, it’s called an eating disorder, is it the same thing, or are they different things, eating disorder , eating disorder, these are different things , if we take... dssm5, the latest version of the diagnostic manual of mental disorders, in 2013 , avoidant and restrictive eating disorder appeared there, and we can say that we have an eating disorder behavior, this is bulimia nervosa,

anorexia nervosa, an overeating syndrome, where concern lies precisely at the basis of this experience of the body, i don’t like my body, and i try through food. do something with my difficult emotions about the way i look, eating disorder is a completely different category, these are people who, for example, initially have a disturbed sense of hunger, they don’t feel it, they forget to eat, they have no idea to lose weight , they just don’t remember what to eat, they’re lucky, but i wouldn’t say such children can face with developmental disorders due to lack of nutrients, with growth retardation, in adulthood these are people who understand that it is time to eat after they have passed out from hunger, but this is a common story, you want to say, it is still very difficult to talk. because it was only in 2013 that this began

to be discussed as a separate diagnostic category, research is still underway, so it’s difficult to talk about any percentages, but in general i think it will be approximately at the level of anorexia nervosa, somewhere around 1-5 % population, this is perhaps more connected with people on the autism spectrum , mental disorders, there are correlations, yes, we really, first of all, in people... with autism and the autism spectrum we see an eating disorder in the opposite direction , we will also see autistic traits, but in general there at the moment three groups can be distinguished, these are people whose physiological hunger is very disturbed, plus they have practically no hunger for tastes, so many of us have this story that we ate something there, well, there’s soup ate cutlet, and now we want sweets, we are full, but the taste...

they like food that has a bright taste for them, and these are children who eat pasta, macaroni with cheese, cheese, in my opinion, these are the children who now predominate, that is, they choose food that has a very neutral taste, very understandable, and as a rule, these are just carbohydrates, that is, here , on the contrary, we can see a situation when a person is overweight, because they also have a very unbalanced diet, the third group - these are... people who in childhood experienced some kind of, well, let’s say, trauma in

their relationship with food, they choked very badly, got burned, got scared, got poisoned, they have this experience, it seems to begin to change their eating behavior, that is, food begins to scare them, and the child starts to avoid, he choked on soup, removes all liquid food altogether, or choked on cutlets and stops eating meat because it reminds him, here in essence... very different people can fall under the category of arfits, this is called avoidant restrictive disorder meals, with very different from such past experiences, but it can be harmless, for example, i have a child i know who doesn’t eat red food, so he doesn’t eat strawberries, he doesn’t eat tomatoes, it depends on how limited the diet is, that is, if the diet is so limited that this already has certain consequences for health, then it is... dangerous, it’s good if a person simply does not eat tomatoes,

well, in the end, everyone has taste preferences, this is not yet an eating disorder , it has eased, yes, thanks, why not? is a disorder, which is just some kind of thing, well, they said how to distinguish, and how to distinguish pathology from non-pathology, again, there are diagnostic criteria that are quite clear if we are talking about avoidant growth. food intake - this is such a continuum, we have a food pyramid, there are complex carbohydrates, there are proteins, vegetables, fruits, fats, sugars, and, with severe arfit , a person eats one or two foods, in principle, with milder forms, this is one two products from each of this category, from each of each layer of the pyramid, taste preferences are taste preferences, if it does not ... affect the functioning of the body - this is

a preference, if the question arises that the nutritional structure cannot be changed, perhaps a person needs, for example, to add some food additives, separately, sometimes they are directly prescribed these nutritional supplements that are used, functional, yes, here we are talking about a violation, yeah, but there are some genetic predispositions, well , let’s say, it can be traced in the family and... we we can say that this is genetically based, it is believed that there is, again , it is still difficult to determine the genetic component for sure, but as far as we are concerned. these are correlations with the autism spectrum, yes, most likely there will be, and some structural features of the same taste buds, well, most likely yes, there is some kind of genetic basis. we continue the substance deception podcast, we talk about eating disorders. this is olesya nosova, with me

are zukhra pavlova and natalya fomicheva. well, by the way, you said an interesting thing about what some children are wearing. begins, they prefer to eat pasta, macaroni and cheese, cheese and so on, because they have very highly developed taste buds, they are such potential, as you said, tasters, potential tasters, does this mean that if a person is fat, if he loves macaroni and cheese, then it’s the taster who dies in it, that he just needs to pump himself up a little, in fact, we don’t rely on body mass index when... we diagnose an eating disorder or an intake disorder food, this may coincide, but again, not all people with anorexia nervosa are thin, because now, according to new diagnostic criteria, we are saying that anorexia nervosa is weight loss, this is the dynamics of weight loss, at what weight a person entered there, this it doesn’t matter,

so to say here like this that you weigh so much, that’s why you have this, this is too much of a simplification, but what kind of dynamics should there be for this to happen? anorexia nervosa already looked scary - 30% of the initial weight in 6 months, that’s a lot, well then for a woman, 60 kg is 20 kg, loss of 20 kg, and almost up to 18 kg, 20 kg, yeah, well, yes, it’s significant, inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa is always required, but this is very desirable, because really. this is a complex, complex disorder, and it needs a team, it needs a psychologist who specializes in eating disorders, it needs a psychotherapist or psychiatrist, it needs a general practitioner, it would preferably have a gastroenterologist, an endocrinologist, and

so on, so of course it is desirable , so that this is a command, well, anorexia nervosa is not genetically determined for... such a genetic predisposition does not feel hunger as discomfort, that is, they feel that they are hungry, but in general it gives them more activity, lightness, they even like it to some extent, experiencing hunger, but if with such a predisposition... as a rule, these are girls who decide that they need to lose weight, she will lose weight while losing weight, yes, that is, for a person who does not have such a predisposition, they will most likely begin disruptions, restrictions will begin, a breakdown, maybe bulimia nervosa will develop there, come on, we call it restrictive anorexia, when

a very narrow corridor of calories is maintained, there are 500-600 calories per day, maybe this can be maintained for a long time. only having a genetic predisposition to cope with hunger, here - there are - questionnaires, tests in order to test yourself for some kind of autistic, here with an eating disorder, there is eat in attitude test, it-23, he it-26 , it's called, there is a dutch eating behavior questionnaire, there is also a separate one there questionnaires for bulimia and orthorexia. there is a body image questionnaire, because again we return to the fact that the root lies in such a distorted perception of oneself, so yes, there are tests that you can pass, and what is artthorexia, so that our listeners simply understand what we are talking about, orthorexia nervosa is a disorder eating behavior,