when you maintain a very narrow corridor of calories, there are 500-600 calories per day, maybe you can maintain this for a long time only if you have a genetic predisposition to cope with hunger, there are questionnaires, tests to test yourself for some autostic, with an eating disorder, there is an it in attitude test, it-23, it is it-26, it is called a dutch eating behavior questionnaire, there are also separate questionnaires for bulimia and orthorexia, there is a body image questionnaire, because again but we return to the fact that the root lies in such a distorted perception of oneself, so yes , there are tests, you can pass it, and what is orthorexia, so that our listeners simply understand what we are talking about, orthorexia nervosa is an eating disorder.

therefore, in general, a raw food diet can also fall under the criterion of orthorexia nervosa, there is a roman scale of orthorexia nervosa, you can also look and check, if the criteria match there, if the diagnostic criteria fit, then yes, and again, sometimes vegetarianism can be classified as nervous orthorexia, if this anxiety is the basis, and if it is a choice, for example, for some religious reasons, this does not apply to orthorexia, there is a core and...

devices for different things, well in the sense, for example, at school, a girl appears in the class who begins to take care of her figure by inducing vomiting, that is, how likely is it that others can follow her example like induced delirium, in general we are talking about the fact that we always have three components, we have a body, where will there be some genetic predisposition, some characteristics. bolism, something else, yes, for example, in people with bulimia nervosa, in principle, this aversion to vomiting is reduced, because in general vomiting is an unpleasant story, but there are people who genetically tolerate vomiting more easily, and there are factors related to the psyche , with anorexia nervosa, there is high perfectionism, you need to do everything perfectly, volitional qualities are very well developed, there is a lot of anxiety, that is , there are also mental characteristics, there is an environment.

and uh, i don’t remember exactly now, in my opinion, on fitje it was recorded that when television appeared there, when beauty contests began to be broadcast, the curve of eating disorders immediately went up sharply, that is , the environment influences us, the idea that we need to keep ourselves in some form, meet the standard and do this is through dietary restriction, it can be contagious, of course, well, conditionally contagious. history, there is no genetics here, most likely, yes, by designating that this is superficial and this is erroneous, you can return a person to a normal diet, or is it not so easy it turns out? in general, we can say that if a person comes out of an episode on his own, for example, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, most likely... he began

to suffer there for a couple of weeks, talked himself into letting go, most likely there was no genetic predisposition, but there are those which in one direction, and to return everything back, the mortality rate for anorexia nervosa is about 13-15%, yeah, this is a very high level for a mental disorder, and what is most effective is in the family, imagine that the person is in somewhere far away, he can’t get to a psychologist. in a family, what can be most effective, to say that you are beautiful, just the way you are, we love you and there are no, no problems with the body, or it won’t work, it won’t work if we could cure in families our loved ones, we would be without work, i agree, so there are

protocols for organizing nutrition for patients with anorexia nervosa, when we teach family members to really build this whole... row in such a way that it is support, yeah, but without specialists at all in severe cases, of course, it’s very difficult, but telling a person that he’s beautiful the way he is can be done without an eating disorder, in general it’s necessary, but in terms of gender, it’s essential, we have a lot of boys with anorexia nervosa, about 10 percent, yeah, of the total number, that is, 10.9 to one, about yes, about the same story, yeah, is there a correlation by age? well, yes, most debuts are in adolescence, yeah, that is, puberty, entering puberty, accompanied by changes in the body, the appearance of adipose tissue, the appearance of some emotional experiences about the

fact that they didn’t love me, they rejected me, they didn’t take me here, when all this collapses, this is the most typical story for adolescence, but de... anorexia nervosa practically never happens in adulthood, yeah, and there are much fewer of them, that is, yes, we have a case of anorexia nervosa that debuts at 25, at 30, and even at 60, but there are significantly fewer of them , with you again the podcast is the deception of substances and its constant presenter, editor-in-chief of komsomolskaya pravda olesya nosova, endocrinologist zukhra pavlova, with us today is a candidate in psychology... 60 years old, yes, this happened, a person stopped accepting himself, yes, here, it’s more likely not what, but what could serve as a trigger, so that a person stops accepting himself, he didn’t accept himself before, his psyche just

copes with it, but here at some point some kind of strong stress can affect him, and then a loss, for example, happened to... the death of a partner , predisposition to this there was a kind of reaction, something started to happen further, so a person begins to go into this idea of ​​​​weight loss, i wonder if in pregnant women pregnancy can become a trigger, because the body changes, and it grows, again with us a lot of attention to how much a pregnant woman weighs, she must always fit into some kind of framework, this can also be very strong. stress, well, there, probably, the instinct of motherhood helps a lot to hold on, because it is most likely dominant. there is a separate eating disorder, progorexia, this is an eating disorder in pregnant women, yeah, at risk, those who had episodes

of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa in adolescence, but in general can debut without it, yeah, that’s what i’m already like as an endocrinologist i was interested, if there are only one boys, then by nine. there are a lot of girls, which means there is some serious endocrinological basis here, estrogen somehow influences everything on this, since you are in this, maybe you have come across some studies on this matter? here, firstly, it’s more of a social factor, because boys shouldn’t lose weight, in our country boys should still build more muscle mass, but it should be about the message of society, and there is - so, such a male option. anorexia, it used to be even called bigorexia from the word big big, when men put a lot of effort into ensuring that they have these prominent muscles, and their nutrition is also very distorted, because they eat by the hour, a very strict diet, some of these

additives, in general there is content, it too anorexic, my body should look only like this, and not otherwise, all my mental mental activity there...

did not fall into this, but from the descriptions that we have, we often see a different content, that is, also a woman, there the girl refuses from food, weight decreases, but the content, for example, is some kind of religious asceticism, uh-huh, why is this being done, in general , anorexia nervosa was recently generally differentiated from schizophrenia, because this was considered one of the variants of simply schizophrenia.

obesity, with any obesity, he is asked not to be shy, not to worry about this, and most importantly, there is no need to worry, do nothing, it’s tragic when a person doesn’t have an arm and they tell him everything is fine, you’re no worse, yes it happened, that's good.

doing something urgently about this, punishing myself for what i eat, limiting myself, and with words, we all know what words people can call themselves, will not lead to recovery, recovery will be led by the appearance, acceptance of the fact that yes, i have here now it’s like this, i don’t scold myself for it, i don’t punish myself, but i, for example, choose to take care of myself, i take care of myself from a position of care, kindness and... complex, complex, of course, a very, very question, because here what you described is an ideal situation,

ideal, a person realizes at some point, and he wants to continue living healthy, and so on and so forth, and based on this he most likely chooses something healthy, yes, but first again it’s a little sutruded, but i just don’t need a person to call himself fat, there, or others called him that, and my task as a doctor, i cannot force anyone. it is my duty to report that there is something wrong with him, well, of course, this does not lead to mental balance even once, no, i

asked this once when i entered the office, a full person, for a long time, i say, sit down, your complaints about overweight, he said, no, i’m fine with that, it was much more than 100 kg, since then i haven’t asked the question, are you overweight, what are you complaining about, well, then, in my opinion, still, it is necessary to explain in such a way as not to frighten, but... give a person an overall picture, and he could understand, i would really like our listeners today to understand that an eating disorder is a problem, it cannot be treated with care for... work towards treatment, it will be very useful in family, everything else to a specialist, just let’s take overeating syndrome associated with obesity, yes, that is, a person really, because a person can have overeating, but at the same time the body mass index is normal, here we have a person overeating, overeating, overeating , then it somehow weighs a lot,

he comes to the doctor, the doctor says: you need to limit yourself in diet, or whatever you see. for bariatric surgery, yes , do bariatric surgery, if yes, why did the person overeat before, because it was his way of regulating emotions, you can’t just take it, take it away and give nothing in return, we see very frightening statistics, for example, suicides after bariatric surgery , depressive episodes, what bariatrics are, lest we forget, these are various operations that are aimed at reducing. stomach volumes so that people who overeat, could not overeat, yes, or some ate less, physically, ate less, yes, here the tool was taken away, the psyche still remains very unstable, and for example, there, again, studies show that if we take women with the index body weight above 35, those whose body mass index

has increased as a result of overeating, then 90 there... 2 93% of them have a history of severe trauma, usually sexualized, no, rape, psychological, and that’s theirs, well that is, they develop overeating according to essentially, within the framework of post-traumatic stress disorder, you can simply stop them from eating, but in general, what can we do with ptsd, this is always an interdisciplinary problem, i also always resort to help...

now the gold standard is a combination of behavioral therapy and cognitive emotional therapy , that is, we work with food diaries, we work with identifying triggers that trigger episodes of overeating, we work with those emotions, we teach a person to regulate their emotions differently, not through food, we work with post-traumatic stress disorder, we work with everything, hypnosis would be great, yes , we all... i want to come once, it’s better not to come at all, yes, i’ll just call the doctor on the phone, he he will tell me something there, and i will magically stop eating, no, it doesn’t work like that, he will break the spell, yes, well, that is, this is a story for years, yes, well, yes, let’s complete our, our wonderful program, with us there was a candidate of psychological sciences,

natalya fomicheva, and we talked about eating disorders, natalia, thank you very much, thank you, thank you, thank you. hello everyone, on the first channel of the podcast everyone wants to fly, i am the host leonid yakubovich, 79 years old, 79 years separate us from... that great forty-fifth year, 79 years ago we were given a great day, a great holiday, we were given life, let's remember today those who 79 years ago lived,

fought and worked in the sky, about girls, aviators, about those glorious... glorious girls about whom songs are composed and about whom a huge amount has been written stories, novellas, poems. in the ranks of the vbs, the workers' and peasants' red army , three women's air regiments were created in 1941. nothing like this has ever happened in world practice before, and i think it will never happen again. the idea of ​​​​creating these women's aviation units belongs to. this is one of the members of the same female crew that traveled all the way to the far east. she wrote a letter addressed to stalin. there was a letter. signed, the order was received in september forty-first in 2008, in engels, on the basis of the local flying club , aviation group 122 was created,

a command that was naturally assigned to the military. in october, the group began to work, three regiments were created: the 586th fighter regiment, the yak7 and yak-1 aircraft, the 587th. may 1942, the 588th regiment is history. the regiment 's combat history began, that is, in the forty -second year in the city of morozovsk, this, this, now i'll tell you, this is the rastov region, ended on may 9, the forty-fifth year in the city

of swin mündl, in germany. this is the path the regiment went through. combat path of the 587th regiment bomber, began on december 1 , 1942, near stalingrad, 890 days of combat activity. volga, north caucasus, kuban, orsha, smolensk, vitebsk, baltic states, finally, on may 9, 1945 , the work was completed in east prussia. 587th regiment, this regiment was personally commanded by marina roskova. one caveat must be made here, in contrast to the women who worked on dive bombers and who worked on light aircraft. airplanes, well, light aviation, night bomber formations, fighter pilots, i must say honestly, not they trusted, well, for many different reasons,

firstly, overload, and secondly, psychophysics is not the same, i must say that this of course had an effect, well, for example, i can say that regiment commander tamara kazarinova, by order of the deputy people's commissar of defense, general gromadin, was removed from his post and on her... the girls showed an iron character, it took several women, several young girls, to be honest, and they achieved their goal, in the fall of forty-two a group was formed consisting of the best female pilots of the regiment, who were transferred to stalingrad, here we must remember i give out... in an air battle, according to various

sources, she shot down either 10 or 13 planes, i assure you, this is not at all easy, ekaterina budanova six, according to various sources eight planes, and finally klavdiya blinov, either three, or five, this is the result of the best female fighter pilots who fought in it. the 586th fighter regiment carried out most of its combat work in air defense; during the war years , a total of 38 or about 40 enemy aircraft were shot down. now, therefore, these are the specific results of the combat work of women fighters. it is considered to be flying by the personnel of the women's 586th fighter aviation regiment during the war . some incredible number, something like 4,420 approximately combat sorties. it must be said that the 5808th regiment was renamed

the forty-sixth guards bomber aviation regiment, tamansk red banner order of the heavy unit. the 588th night regiment, night light bombers, existed until 1943, and then, for merit, for military merit, it was renamed the 46th guards. goals, here he is in front of you, he is now in winter lineup, but he is on skis, this is a biplane, the name of the regiment is officially the 588th

regiment. night flight bombers, night flight bomber regiment, the unofficial title of the dunkin regiment, because it was commanded by such a bershad, her name was evdak davidna, she had quite a decent flying experience, 10 years before the war she flew in flying clubs, she was an instructor, she became the commander of this very regiment, hence the name dunkin regiment, i flew on it, i flew on it on this airplane, probably already about that... i once told you that an amazing plane, simply amazing, stayed in the air, no matter what, there were many cases when, completely rotten through and through, it still reached the house. there is one peculiarity here, here in front of you is this plane, made of metal parts and iron parts, an engine, landing gear, braces, and yes, in fact, that’s all, everything else is wooden, covered with percale,

finished with a special solution, this airplane, as they said , you can beat it with a stick, there is one peculiarity here, i repeat, it stayed in the air amazingly, superbly, it was very easy to control, but from the point of view of a man, probably a pilot, because the groves that went along the board to the end, so they stretch along the board in order for the feather to turn steering wheel and these planes worked at... the end of the wings, well, how can i say, it’s such, such a manly effort, you had to press the pedal so that the rudder blade would turn at the back, the handle was held quite easily, but what is the secret of combat work, now i’ll tell you what the difficulties are and what the secret is, which means airplane 100 horsepower engine, almost inaudible in the air, the combat use of this

aircraft was quite interesting, so what did they do? they approached the target, climbed to a height of 400 m, turned off the engine, glided down completely silently, and somewhere at a low altitude began to drop bombs. this means that it was completely impossible to shoot down this plane, because the air defense cannon, well, any gun that is there, say, an aviation cannon, its fuse worked at an altitude of about 250-300 m and above, and they worked at extremely low altitudes, 50 m and below. it was impossible to shoot it down, but it was very difficult in any case, and for a very long time the germans panicked from the operation of these planes, when the germans more or less adapted, then another approach scheme was invented, a risky scheme, very risky, there were two sides, the first side passed right over the target, causing fire from everything possible, batteries, searchlights, the entire searchlight group worked

for this plane... it could be shot down from anything, from a rifle, from machine guns, well, on occasion, from a pistol, that is first board took all of himself, the whole nightmare that could only happen in the air, left, at that time the second side came up from behind and calmly dropped it. there were no parachutes, the girls refused to take parachutes with them, instead of parachutes they took a bomb load with them. well, what can i say, the airfield was usually located somewhere 150-120 km from the front line, the jump airfield itself was 25 m away, that is, in the dark , the aircraft moved from the base airfield to the jump airfield and began working from here. i want to talk about this work.

in a little more detail, i probably talked about this once, we were filming a film about night witches about these night pilots, i flew on this plane for several days and at night too, so i can tell you that despite all the passing circumstances, everything is up to one, i i affirm this, i am ready to affirm this everywhere, every. who worked on this bomber during the great patriotic war are all heroes of the soviet union. just imagine: it’s night, there’s a pilot in the first cabin, a navigator in the second cabin, of all the instruments, that means we have agd, attitude indicator, varometer, ammeter, altimeter, everything, there are no gips at all

, nothing, all this barely glows from behind. the navigator is sitting in the cockpit, holding a tablet in his hands and calculating the course, there was no radio, there was no radio at all, which means headsets, the whole task is all rear control on the right shoulder or on the left shoulder, that is, you need to right or you need to left, by the head went down on a combat course and so on, try it, i also talked about this once, the plane’s speed is 120 km/h, try it while driving in the car, open the window and stick out your hand, in the summer, now let’s imagine that the same thing in winter -25-2 , wrapped in a headset plus glasses freezes your face completely, you still have to work 25-30 km 120 km/h plus the oncoming flow from the propeller , even from the front line they had to take off, get

there, usually they went in pairs, sometimes one at a time, but usually they went in pairs, dropped a bomb load, returned back, per night they made about 6-8-10 sorties in the summer... and approximately 12-13-14 maximum, by the way, maximum 22 sorties per night, fatigue it reached such an extent that as soon as it became light, the girls’ combat work stopped, they were taken out of the cockpit in their arms, because they fell asleep on the move, breaks between departures, takeoff and landing, takeoff and landing, this little break of 5-8 minutes, it means only time to take a sip of hot tea or jump out to pee, by the way... this is good for men, but for women it’s 5-8 minutes there and back by shuttle, hard work, very hard, great courage, simply incredible. so, there’s a podcast in the sky, everyone wants

to fly, i’m the host, leonid yakubovich, we’re talking we are talking about the pilots of the famous 588, later the forty -sixth guards air regiment, which means that when they started working in their regiment there were... two of these airplanes, they finished their work, there were already 45, they worked non-stop, all this time, and completed in this whole combat story, about 20, 20, now i don’t remember, 600 or 700 thousand combat missions, during this time they dropped 3.0 tons of bombs and 26 ampoules of fuel with flammable liquid, well , i’ll tell you that this is just a phenomenal result, i’m there you can list 17 crossings, what are nine railway crossings? trains, two, two railway stations, about 50 warehouses, tanks with fuel, a barge, they hit a pile, in general, according to various estimates, as i already said, the plane could

have been shot down, naturally from hand weapons, well, i flew from a low altitude , though only one thing saved him, it was possible to hit either the pilot or the engine, everything else was sewn right through, and he flew in full of holes, actually, of course, their name was night witches, the germans gave them this name, they generally respected them - they called themselves differently, the girls generally called themselves seagulls, there is such data, i why did i remember this, i was once when we were making a film about these girls - in a small crimean town, the main street of which was once a runway, a sweet woman kept there and probably still keeps a small museum, dedicated just to them, when they flew there to...

history, once everyone thought that maybe this would be the basis of some good feature film, just heart-tugging, there is a grave of one girl, during the kerch operation, when our sailors landed on the shore in the fall, they flew there , dropped off ammunition, dropped off warm clothes, well, everything that was necessary, they dropped off all sorts of notes, so that...

one person at a time, then they began to hand it to him, he collected, collected these notes , when the operation was over, when the landing was finally successful, he decided... to meet this pilot, well, something in his soul, and he came to this town, when he was traveling on an on-board aircraft, to meet her, that’s the difference at one and a half to two to three hours, that was exactly the one the difference that affected them from the moment they met, because it was on that day, at that hour, that she was hit, in fact, when he arrived, they took him, took him to this very monument, for the first time he saw... a photograph only on marble, such a poignant story,

there were probably a lot of them during the war, but it struck me so much, it’s just incredible, somehow suddenly everything coincided, and this blue sky and seagulls over the sea, and these memories, and this road along which we drove completely simple cars and were driven by some pioneers, once upon a time there was a runway, and this cemetery is quiet, almost overgrown, it’s worth remembering... those who didn’t make it to victory day, you know, it’s probably scary to watch your friend live in the sky like that in front of you it’s burning on the plane, and you don’t have the opportunity to help or do anything at all, i repeat, it was quite difficult to shoot down the plane, i must say that by this, well, by this time it’s already difficult for me to pronounce these words, but that’s probably how it was anyway. but many people claim that it is a habit

still began to work out, it’s not that it was difficult to shoot them down, it’s just that the euphoria from victory, from every time a job was done, a difficult job, a dangerous job , still led to the fact that the feeling of danger was slightly erased, the germans, i must say, valued this work quite highly, they were scared, but suffice it to say that for every plane shot down, two, this little plane, this one, they say, they gave the iron cross, a big reward in the german army overnight, the germans, they tried many times to fight with 2, nothing it worked, but one day, it was a hard day, a very hard day, they started working at night, in general the germans didn’t fly at night, and ours didn’t always fly at night. but the germans didn’t particularly like the night, well, on august 1

, 1943, four planes were lost overnight, the germans, i repeat, dispatched several night fighters, ours didn’t expect this, for the girls it was an absolutely complete surprise, and the main thing that also influenced that that night, when they took off, the anti-aircraft guns were silent, neither the anti-aircraft guns nor the spotlights didn't work. which was then named, as i

said, two by two. so, here are some technical characteristics of this aircraft, so that you understand, the crew is one person, in combat use two people, a pilot and a navigator, the plane is small, 8 meters, something like 8.2 m, depending on the modification, well, the wingspan of you not interested, somewhere around 11 s to m, height 3 m. empty weight of the aircraft 640 kg, payload - 255 kg, depending on modification, maximum take-off weight 890 kg, also depending on modifications cruising speed from 120 to 150 km/h, also depending on the modification, maximum flight range 400 km, flight altitude 4,000 m, further. simply, since there were no oxygen masks, not a single

pilot could withstand it, the engine power was 100 horsepower, the aircraft took up to 130 liters of fuel depending on the modification, this is a toy story, this is a light night bomber, the design of which included bomb racks under the lower wing for transporting bombs weighing 50 and 100 kg, sometimes 110 or 220, in theory in combat use with... was armed with frames, these are machine guns or a machine gun and yes in the observer’s cockpit, this is approximately a maxim machine gun in an aviation one. execution, well, i must say that the process of creating these u2 began in the twenty-third year, as i probably already said, somewhere in june of the twenty-seventh year, test pilot mikhail gromov took it into the air for the first time, i must say, he was absolutely delighted with this aircraft was easy to control,

easily held the air and even with the engine turned off it was easy to glide quite long distances, on u2, modifications. two armed forces aircraft, this was already a 1937 model , on the left side of the fuselage there is a pv1 synchronous machine gun, an aviation version of the maxim, installed in the rear cockpit, a da, dekterev, aviation machine gun on the turret and under the fuselage, bomb drivers for small aerial bombs were also attached, in principle in the drawings , in any case , a sight, an ap-2 aircraft sight and a sight were mounted on the right side of the aircraft. which was installed there, was called nb5. for aiming , there was a small slot in the lower right wing, 70 per 300 mm, so that you can see through it where to actually drop the bombs. approximately 600 copies of these training aircraft were made before the war. there is one

discrepancy between many of them. i said how u2 was expressed. according to some data that has been published. in the press it was stated that machine guns were installed on - on -2 on these aircraft only starting in 1944, and the machine gun was not intended at all for shooting down enemy aircraft, but just for working on ground targets, how did this happen? that means there was a machine gun behind there was a machine gun in front, the plane abruptly went into a climb behind, the navigator sitting behind him, fired at ground targets, at searchlights, well, at everything that was shining. by the way, one day this machine gun was useful in order to, well, if not beat up, then at least frighten a german pilot. one day this same f2 plane found itself over near the german airfield, where german planes were stationed, at the very moment when a german junkers was coming in, it stood in a circle,

the german was working - according to the approach pattern, a small plane stood in a circle in front of him when he he began to enter, he... shot at him with a machine gun, scared the german to death, he left the airfield somewhere to a spare place, here again there are amazing meanings, of course, in the drawings what i said was there, there was an aviation princess, and there were machine guns, in fact, when these 20 planes arrived in the regiment, there was none of this, and as rukobolskaya writes, they themselves began to make sights, which means a slot between. before the strut and spar such a long one was made, a pin was installed there, coated with a luminous composition, it was called, yes, through you could look through this slot and thus accurately navigate where to drop the bombs, they called this sight ppr, a very serious name,

it stands for simpler steamed turnips, that is, they cut it themselves, did it themselves, at least that’s what one recalls of the female pilots, it was... in fact or not, why the sights were not made when the planes came to work in this regiment, i don’t know, but nevertheless, here she writes that it was so, here’s another, what can we say about the plane in twos, there were several advantages, the remarkable advantages of this aircraft, firstly, it was extremely simple and cheap to manufacture, as well as very cheap to operate, easy to install, easy to repair. which made it, of course, wonderful for production, very profitable for the industry of that time, on top of everything else, it was very cheap, simple technology , and so on. secondly, the plane was very easy to fly, even for an inexperienced pilot, i can testify to this.