island in st. petersburg, second line, building 13, corner of bolshoi avenue, here on the first floor in apartment one lived the savichev family, three daughters, zhenya, nina and the youngest tanya, two sons, lenya and misha, mother, grandmother, on the second floor directly above them there were two tanya's uncles in the apartment, before the war there were nine of them, nine savichevs in one entrance, tanya and i met in this boushnaya, suddenly it turned out that tanya was very knowledgeable about pies, in crackers, bubbles like a beech, and so did i, we started racing in front of each other, but the drying is not the same now, yes, she said, there are no salty ones. father nikolai savichev died when his youngest daughter was 6 years old, her mother had to take on even more work, she was a seamstress, tanya got used to reading and doing her homework while the machine clattered. in 1938 she went to first grade, to school number 35, next to the congress line building. the class where tanya studied is now a museum in her memory.

savicheva sat at the fourth desk by the window, during breaks she played with friends from her class and from the parallel class in which natasha soboleva studied. then it seemed like we were here we will live, work, and be interested together for a long time. there were 10 years ahead, a life as smooth as it seemed to us. alas, after 3 years the war came and it was all over. they began to evacuate children from leningrad on june 29, but where? at the beginning of july, in accordance with the pre-war plan, developed taking into account a possible attack in finland, most of the children were taken to the eastern and southern regions of the then territory of the leningrad region, it turned out that towards the advancing germans, resulting in approximately 170 thousand children returned back to leningrad, trains with evacuees... often came under

bombing, john fedulov witnessed the tragedy at the lychkova station, where on july 18, 1941 there was a train with leningrad children, so i approached the doors, suddenly someone shouts airplane a bomb is flying, and sure enough, a plane is flying, a plane is flying high, and only these dots are separated from it, this is a bomb, about 15, maybe 20, it dropped along the train, where there were children on the platform.

mothers began to come to ulychkova station, those those who were lucky enough to find the children by hook or by crook tried to take them back to leningrad, even in nightmares, not imagining that the city would be under a nine-hundred-day siege. pay attention to this photograph of tanya savichevo taken shortly before the start of the war. the blouse is knocked down and sits unevenly, this is due to the bandages with which tanya is bandaged. bone tuberculosis, damage to the ribs, an operation that could, should have helped her. because of the outbreak of the war , they postponed it, they thought, after all, for a few months by the fall we would definitely defeat the germans, but it turned out differently. on september 8, when the blockade ring closed, there were at least 400,000 children in the city, the authorities tried to prevent panic, we had to study, the start of the school year was delayed, but school still began in mid-autumn, 39 schools out of 400 pre-war opened their doors, each of me with a briefcase i ran all day. to school, sometimes under fire,

shelling, and i’m afraid to be late for school, so i run from the gateway, gateway, and i remember with great gratitude those people who helped us in these hours, in these terrible days, they somehow helped us at a cost distracted from these terrible horrors, fairy tales were read to us, we guessed riddles, buns became an unprecedented joy, food was running out in the city, there was not enough bread even on ration cards, so we had to stand in line and wait for the bread to be brought, in october the voice began to be felt quite clearly , they didn’t sell goods using cards, even those small ones, well those...

secondary school number 35, where tanya savicheva studied, was turned into a hospital, and the children came to study directly in the bomb shelter, here too. the lessons lasted 20 minutes, it was very it was cold, the ink was freezing, and the hungry kids and teachers had practically no strength, the teacher was old and so thin. but very cheerful, very cheerful, very energetic, so she didn’t give a damn if the child was dozing, she somehow woke him up, tried to bring him to his senses, she came to classes with a dog, she had a dog, she called her my friend, my

good friend , well, then, somewhere at the end of october, they probably snatched her dog away, ate it, she couldn’t stand it, 3 days later she died, another horror of the blockade. live, warmed themselves with potbelly stoves, the savichevs too moved into the kitchen when the explosion blew out the windows in the living room and cut the furniture and painting with fragments, well, the fragments went in, which means they were all at this angle, they were all like this, they were here, they were still here, you see,

they didn’t restore this one , flew off, this is how everything seemed to be going at an angle, this is the same picture that hung in the savichevs’ apartment on vasilyevsky island. the frame still retains traces of the siege, you can show the result of the impact of a fragment from a bomb or shell, here is its output. in those days, little tanya savicheva made the first entry in her diary: it’s scary, bombs are falling. the bomb hit the house opposite, where there was a dormitory for the academy of arts. on november 20 , the bread quota was again reduced. work cards 250 g, the rest 125, the rest are dependent employees, children, by the light of the smokehouse, this saleswoman cut a coupon from the card, giving you the quota of bread, weighed it on the scales,

so the bread was cut lengthwise, such a piece, it was so similar in color today's chocolate, it's kind of leafy. weight, of course, it was not bread, there may have been flour, of course, but there were also a lot of various impurities, this was during the most difficult period, it was the only food, in december transport in the city stops, there is not enough fuel, for work leningraders, exhausted by hunger, walk for hours, wading through snow rubble for hours; for his wife, tanya savicheva’s older sister, it is quite a distance of 7 km from home to the factory. she also donated blood secretly from her mother for wounded soldiers and her body could not stand it. the first entry in tanya’s diary: zhenya died on december 28 at 12:30, 1941 it’s a holiday for everyone, even if it’s in

a bomb shelter, but leningrad children also have a new year’s tree. rare footage of a newsreel published during wartime. new year's tree in besieged leningrad, yes, in a city saturated with death, in which the bread norm was 125 g per person per day, there were christmas trees with gifts and, most importantly, with lunch. they were held for children in hospitals and theaters, kindergartens and schools; in the winter of '41 , tanya savicheva also went to such a christmas tree. before the new year they gave us all such coupons. and they took us all and gave us there soup, i don’t remember what kind, what... there was glechnev porridge with a compote cutlet and i remember it very well, and then they gave out - even such gifts, well, of course there was almost nothing there, some kind of gingerbread, one liver on a piece of candy, but that’s all they also told us that we had to hide it properly, securely, because now we

come out and more than one person will attack us from a crowd of these same homeless boys and people, and so that we write it down like this, you know where, here? however, on new year's holidays, not everyone has the children had the strength not only to come to the christmas tree, but simply to get out of bed. so five-year-old lida romanova was on the verge in december '41.

this whole staircase became icy, it was impossible to climb it, sometimes they even lowered me onto the ropes to the ice hole, because here i didn’t weigh very much with a concrete block so that i could pick it up like this, but you see, now they are drawing, sleds are riding on them there are thirty-liter cans, but that’s nonsense, back then they could barely lift a kettle and they could barely lift some kind of little bit of 2-3 liters and then you see, that’s how it is, and of course there are queues... huge queues for bread, often filled with children. nina bubnova, in the terrible days of january

forty-two, found a real treasure near the counter, two cards that someone accidentally defended. the girl hid the cards in her pocket and rushed home to her parents. they sat me down, for some reason there were tears, i think we should be happy, they started crying. mom says, well, how will you live, if of course you remain alive, that because of you these people died, this is how you will live? now go and take the seller to me just give it back, i’ll find it, whoever lost it, you’ll find it, he says, whoever lost it, will look for it, i’m getting goosebumps, so i come to the store, and people were eating like these, like flies, since it’s standing, standing, since it fell, already dead, here you are nina came, they knew me, that’s what i mean, a woman comes in, crying, crying, there’s something there... she says, i, you must have lost something, she, daughter, where are my children they will die,

i lost it, i put it in her hand, she grabbed me, started kissing me, and to this day i feel her kissing me, hugs, in january '42 , a special resolution was adopted in leningrad prohibiting, in the vast majority of cases, the re-issuance of cards in case of their loss, that is, a family that lost the cards was doomed.

tanya herself will weaken so much that she will barely have enough strength to go down to the bomb shelter. she was thin, very gray and wrapped up very much, her grandmother died then in january, she got this grandmother’s orenburg scarf, on january 19 , 1942, a decree was issued in leningrad to open canteens for children from 8 to 11 years old inclusive, this will save the lives of many, many children, but tanya turns 12 in 4 days, and now she is just a dependent; by the standards of the besieged city , there are no more children left in the savichev family. from our current position , life is not cloudless, but still not hungry. i can’t even imagine how hunger changed people, physically and psychologically broke people,

it remains in my memory, is embedded, imprinted, these people with crazy eyes, especially adults, children, somehow they are probably their parents, they somehow supported, fed, so what, one might say, or even if something fell into their hands, they gave it only to children, these people are adults. before his death, the family stopped recognizing their dad, mom divided them into three parts the bread was even, for dad, me and bory, my brother, so we took it, that is, they held out their hands and gave us this piece, well, the piece there was the size of, say, a walnut, this one is no more, and so in the last few days dad suddenly knelt down and stood in front of

his brother, not because he had pity for him later asked, he wanted to show that he... was the smallest child, and he needed it first, he extended his hand first, you see, he, who, one might say, was the last to give to us, here extended his hand. if the adults began to behave like little ones, the children had to grow up; they, exhausted by the troubles of the blockade, and themselves barely alive, felt responsible for the deaths that they witnessed every day. you walk down the street and see a man lying down. on a pile of snow, still with your eyes, with your eyes they only ask, help, but you can’t help, because you don’t have the strength, the strength no, these are the moments that remain with me, the most difficult ones that i

still experience. the first days of march forty -two seemed full of hope to leningraders; a special decree was issued, it will be possible to plant vegetable gardens in squares and courtyards, in vacant lots and under windows, in gardens, and even on the field of mars, wherever there is land, but in the family of tanya savicheva, plant a vegetable garden there is no one anymore. leka died on march 17 at 5:00 am, uncle vasya died on april 13 at 2:00 am, uncle lesha. may 10 at 4:00 pm. only tanya and mom for two. during the blockade , it was very important to have at least one loved one nearby. moms, dads, brothers and sisters, grandparents all looked out for each other. to be left alone almost certainly meant certain death. first dad died, then

mom died, this is of course terrible, this is terrible, i never envied anyone, i never envied anyone, but i always envied someone who had parents, who had parents, that’s what i envied. on may 13 at 7:30 am, tanya savicheva wrote in her book: mother, the last relative who was nearby. with her, the savichevs died, everyone died, only tanya remained. since december 1941, before tanya’s eyes , six of her closest relatives passed away, and also her brother mikhail, just before the war, he went to the village to visit his relatives, and the germans came there almost immediately, there was no news from him, the family understood that that mikhail died, and sister nima, at

the very time of death, in february 1942, she went to work and disappeared. hello, hello, hello, please come in, you haven't been for a while, yes, we haven’t been there for a long time, hello, this is a shooting from 1999, nina nikolaevna pavlova came to the apartment in which she lived during the blockade, she lived here, come here. here is the room, no, i won’t go there to keep an eye on it, but tanya lived here, we spoiled her, we spoiled her, you know, because we had a large room, one 28 m, one of the rooms was 28 m, in the middle of the room there was a huge big table , it was even sliding, we played penpong and pulled it up, and

so little tanya lies in this big basket... on this table, on which they played, is nina nikolaevna pavlova, but she is pavlova by her husband, and before the wedding, nina savicheva, she is the same one, tanya’s sister. on february 28, 1942 , nina did not return home from work, that day there was heavy shelling and the family was sure that nina had died, and i left completely by accident, and so completely, we were digging trenches under... i repeatedly tried to contact my family, but during the blockade, letters arrived in leningrad very late; by the summer of forty-two there was no one to receive them. only one of them reached the addressee

letters that she sent to her friend, vasily krylov, he told nenesavicheva about the fate of her loved ones. it means he came to visit us, they told him that our mother died, and that aunt dusya took tanya to this address. he went to visit her, it's about pitch black. he went to visit her, and he found her on the stairs, because aunt dusya, when she left for work, she closed the room and tanya was sitting on the stairs, so the last person who saw tanya was vasya krylov. vasily krylov found tanya on lafonskaya street in the forties for years, in one of the buildings of school number 157 there were communal apartments, and a distant relative lived in one of them. distributor of the smolninsky district reference. we hereby

inform you that having considered the application of citizen arsenyeva evdakia petrovna and her ward savicheva tatyana nikolaevna, who asks to evacuate her with the orphanage, we consider the guardianship terminated and ask the girl savicheva to be sent to the orphanage. signed july 10 , 1942 for the security inspector. first by train to the shore of lake ladazh, almost 50 km. here, in the osinovsky area of the lighthouse, one of the passenger piers was deployed, the rails went straight to the pier.

passengers were transferred to seventy-seat tenders, and whether fate would save the 30 km along ladoga to the eastern bank in full view of german planes, a rare flight went without bombing. for those who are lucky, the next stopover is the port of kabona. all the way to this place, at the beginning of 1942, a railway line was laid that saved leningrad and connected it with the mainland . here, those who were evacuated from cities, transferred to trains and transported throughout the country. tanya savicheva and other children from the orphanage were sent relatively nearby, to the gorky region. at this station, shaky, in this place the carts were placed, and the train itself was arriving from that side. as if the north-west was coming towards me, so naturally there were women standing all over the pyron, standing, looking into the carriages, which amazed everyone that the children did not

shout, did not jump, did not wave their arms, if wounded soldiers arrived, they somehow showed, reacted somehow, somehow they were joking, and this is complete silence, 1300 km from leningrad, the village of shatki, population less than 10 thousand people, on july 17, 1942 ... a small train arrived here, on the way it was repeatedly bombed, but fate preserved it. in several carriages there are more than 100 children from besieged leningrad. those of those greeting us who decided to look inside could not come to their senses for a long time. mostly children were carried out in their arms. and they put them on these carts, they put them in, they put them in, but the child falls down and lies there. the women burst into tears and rushed home, fortunately they lived nearby. not it’s clear that they carried eggs, cucumbers, tomatoes, bread, and potatoes, everything that could be given to children, milk containers

appeared from somewhere, but then they strictly said, under no circumstances put it on this cart, and for children you can’t give anything, even a small piece of unusual food after suffering from hunger could easily kill leningrad children; unfortunately, there are a great many examples. the digestive system, unaccustomed to normal food, could not stand it. book movement of children of orphanage number 48 , shatkovsky district, gorikov region. savicheva tatyana nikolaevna, russian, date of birth, january 23, thirtieth, place of birth leningrad, four grade education, no relatives. she arrived at the orphanage from the nkvd children's reception center on july 17 , 1942. orphanage number 48 was located in the village of krasny bor, not far from shatki.

they were worried, boy, boy, that you were not eleven, women around me do this, you lay out cards, and then someone will run up and grab the cards, there were such cases, it was in the spring that boys appeared, and sometimes girls, they say, as if they were snatching the bread, they were hanging the bread, he runs up, grabs the bread and runs away, a boy, about 14 years old, grabbed this

piece, right away... they hurt him, they began to beat him, and they beat him brutally, with their fists, even with their feet, he lay there and ate, didn’t eat, exactly, but ate this bread, he ate, ate, ate, ate, and in the end, when i don’t know whether he was alive, whether he was alive or not, but he was already motionless, lying there, and so his hand has a piece of the remaining hump, we were in one department, in another there was noise and someone shouted to someone, come here, come here, here they are beating a boy, and you know, i there was a feeling of not so much condemnation of those who grabbed the bread as of those who beat them, you see, there were some people who beat these hungry boys in the gorky region, where tanya savicheva went with other pupils of the orphanage, nothing there was no such thing; at first, leningrad children were literally fattened up;

after a few weeks they were already able to get up. went out into the street, everyone except one girl, tanya savicheva, tuberculosis, which had tormented her even before the war, continued to hold her with an iron grip grip. the closest person to tanya was nurse nina seredkina, she did everything to help the girl, and the result was that after a while tanya was able to walk on crutches or holding her hands to the wall. she often talked about her relatives whom she had lost, talked about her grandmother, about her mother, and suffered greatly because of what she had lost. elder brother, but let’s leave the story of tanya savicheva for a moment and return to her hometown. january 1943. as a result of operation iskra , soviet troops manage to break the blockade leningrad. in the cell, the red army begins to push back the enemy. the southwest of the leningrad region is still under the germans, but the partisan movement is intensifying everywhere there. reference. case history number 2110. ivaka

hospital 1359. in the partisan detachment since july 14, 1943, wounded in battle, december 3, 1943, blind bullet wound of the lumbar region penetrating the spinal canal of the spine, admitted to the medical battalion 62 days after the injury , surgery on february 25 , 1944, laminectomy at the lumbar level vertebrae, the bullet was removed, he was wounded and seriously, he had a wound in the spine, somewhere else, that is, he was motionless and he was taken to leningrad across the front line, he was already disabled from the hospital. you must be intrigued by who this person is? quote: intelligence commander of the eighty- third detachment of the ninth partisan brigade, mikhail nikolaevich savich. well, he’s savich, well, his nickname was savich in the squad. well, savich, savich. and they wrote down, savich, mikhail nikolaevich. and all

medical documents. accepted on this basis then when they wrote out all the documents they gave him, including including savich’s passport, yes, this is mikhail, alive, the older brother, the same missing one, whom she remembered so often with pain. but what is war? here is another quote from his medical history: the address of his relatives: the city of leningrad, vasilyevsky island, second line , building 13, apartment one, mother maria ignatievna. this is an account. the card for mikhail was filled out at the time of admission to the hospital in early february 1944, at a time when all his relatives considered him dead, he was alive, did not know anything about the tragic fate of the family, he hoped that his relatives survived the blockade, he writes about his mother, who by that time had been gone for almost 2 years. as soon as mikhail is able to get back on his feet after the operation, he will ask the doctors for time off, go across all of leningrad to his home on vasilyevsky island, and see what’s in

their apartment. completely different people are already living, the neighbors will tell him about the tragedy of the family, that tanya was taken away for evacuation, he will begin to write to the golkovo region in mid-may, while still in the hospital, he will receive an answer to one of his letters. dear mikhail, i'm sorry, i don’t know your middle name, i received your letter a long time ago, but i delayed the answer: sorry, this is how they wrote it before, but people use a pencil, that’s how i read it. tanya lived with her cousin dusya, about whom she complained a lot because the latter had robbed her. her mother died, her sister died at the factory, her condition is not bad, her illness is progressive, doctor. there are no specialists, and therefore do not have hope for it, forgive me for my frankness and directness. this letter is from the orphanage teacher anastasia karpova, she will tell tanya that her beloved brother, that mishka is alive, and tanya will laugh,

for the first time in several years, but , unfortunately, she herself will no longer be able to answer her brother. from the beginning of forty-four, her health began to rapidly deteriorate. book movement of children of the orphanage. number 48 krasny bor, shatkovsky district, gorky region tatyana savicheva on march 7, 44, she left for the disabled home in the village of ponyataevka. it is known for sure that in the orphanage where tanya lived for almost 2 years, they did not forget about her. and the canteen workers and all the staff on may 1 send a young nurse, nina mikhailovna.

and even a gift for her, which everyone deserves children in an orphanage, they also sent it to her. what about tanya savicheva’s diary, the notebook that went down in history? nina, the elder sister, found her when in 1944 she was able to break into closed leningrad. having arrived on a business trip for several days, nina first went to lafonskaya street to see aunt evdokia petrovna. when i entered the room, i saw our things there, among the things there was a box, a box made by palkhov. i knew that my mother’s veil was kept in this box. and two wedding candles, i opened this one box, i saw my notebook, so small, in a silk binding like this, my brother gave me this little book, on

the first page it was even written in his hand that it was for me, he was giving this little book, that’s the same inscription on the inside page of the cover, nina savicheva, several sheets are filled out. her hand at work, nina was a design engineer, i began to leaf through this book and there i found all the notes that tanya made when everyone was dying, here are our relatives, i opened the book, so i opened it when my aunt was not there dusya in the room, and then i took it into my pocket, but this book could have remained just a family memory, and the world would never have known the story of tanya savicheva, if... not by chance, on the same day in the leningrad house of officers, nina i talked with historian lev rakov, a man who at that time was collecting exhibits for the museum exhibition being created dedicated to the siege of leningrad. he became interested in this book and began

asking me for this museum, well, this is all that is left for me, i have nothing else from my family, well, i couldn’t decide for a long time, and then i rewrote everything. these sad dates, i gave away this little book, so for the museum, imagine, tanya savicheva’s diary became one of the exhibits of the leningrad defense museum during her lifetime, but tanya was not destined to find out about this. may 29 , 1944. hello, dear mikhail, thank you for your letter. tanya is alive now, but her health does not seem to be excellent. she recently had our felsher, felsher, 25-15 days ago. tanya speaks very poorly, it’s incomprehensible. she needs other conditions, you need peace, special care, nutrition, climate, and finally, tender maternal

affection, all of the above is missing. after this letter, the traces of tanya savicheva were lost; she left the nursing home, but no one knew where. brother and sister mikhail and nina continued. write, but there were no results, a lot, so i kept all these refusals, that such a thing was not received, that you should contact another orphanage there, in general , through... we searched for all these authorities for a long time and could not find these lights , and we will take you to... enter the halls of the museum history of the city. the feat of leningrad is

a documentary film by the famous soviet director, efim uchitel. here we will begin a story about a little leningrad girl, tanya savicheva. this film was shot in '59, just then about the history of dance.

tanya was taken to the infectious diseases department of the shatkovo hospital. this one-story wooden building on the outskirts of the village has still been preserved. here is the window of the room in which tanya lay. i worked here then. almost around the clock, but on july 1 the nurse was sent to another city for

medications, and tanya couldn’t stand it. in this building, in a small room, all alone, she died. tanya savicheva was only 14 years old. on the same day, she was buried by the hospital groom, and the nurse anya looked after tanya’s grave for many, many years. it was just a hill, she didn’t have children of her own, she didn’t get married, and there was simply no one to marry. she never abandoned this grave, she forbade anyone to bury it here, they put earth on it, covered it with turf and began to plant flowers, and girls began to come and take care of the grave our tanya, how we felt for ourselves, how we defined it for ourselves, we couldn’t even imagine what role tanya plays in history, we just...... really sympathized with tanya, and it was just the call of our hearts,

it was just childish, such direct participation. tanya savicheva became a symbol of the tragedy of the children of besieged leningrad, a little girl who lost everyone. the savichevs all died, only tanya remained. these lines from the diary were an indisputable truth for several decades, and even when journalists, screenwriters, film directors... took up this topic, until the beginning of the eighties they stubbornly did not talk about the fact that tanya savicheva’s brother and sister were alive, here is the same film, the feat of leningrad. there was only one left, tanya, this was her last entry. what happened, who made her an orphan? why was tanya left alone? the director was a teacher, his last name was teacher, they found me.

well, the second reason why the authorities did not mention tanya’s relatives, so as not to draw attention to her origin, we the family had to go through a lot of this, which we had to refuse, for example, i was an october child, i was a pioneer, but i no longer had the right to join the komsomol, my father was

dispossessed, deprived of the right to vote, but we were exiled in 1935, and where you lived, and we lived in... vechi at 101 km we were deported for 10 days, all this is payment for the fact that during the napa, the head of the family was a successful entrepreneur, in addition to the bakery and confectionery, savichevo owned the sovet cinema, on suvorovsky prospekt, this is the city center, were they needed? such surviving relatives of the siege martyr tanya savicheva, from the point of view of ideology, are unlikely, so the savichevs died, they all died, only tanya remained. and period, but i couldn’t say, no, comrades, come on , i’m alive, yes, and i somehow, well, let it be, as it should be, let history be like that, i didn’t arise, i thought, let

it go as it goes, the savichevs’ empty apartment on the second line of vasilyevsky island was again given to other people in december 1943, this time to the family of lieutenant colonel... uralov, one of leaders of the defense of leningrad. according to the laws of those years, nina savicheva did not have the right to challenge this decision. in the early seventies , the uralovs themselves offered to give up the apartment for a memorial museum, but a refusal came from the district party committee and, apparently, for the same reason, savichev was from socially alien elements. after the war, did you often come to the house where you once lived? yes, i came and looked. on the windows, i wanted to penetrate so much, to imagine everything, the post-war fate of mikhail, tatyana and nina’s brother, can be traced by his registration card of a military transit point, partisan, arrived from ivak hospital 1359, transferred to the reserve for health reasons,

no relatives, so he thought when he filled out this card, at the top it is written where the fighter should be sent, look, leningrad, vasileostrovsky district, where he lived before the war, crossed out and added with another hand, heading to dobruchi station, lyatsky district military registration and enlistment office of the leningrad region. at the last moment they decided to send mikhail to the place where he had left for the partisans. not far from those places he settled. 180 km from leningrad. this is the farthest southwestern point on the map of the modern leningrad region. a city known for its slate mines, but primarily for bath slippers and flip-flops, which were produced in millions of batches at a local factory, and therefore popularly known as slates, mikhail went here to build his new post-war life. he ended up in the slates in 1944, this was after the hospital, which means he

needed to work somewhere, well, his fellow soldiers, which means they recommended him, which means that the city is new. is developing, get into communications, telephone, telegraph, mail, he was respected not only in the team, but in the city, everyone knew his last name all the years, everyone knew his last name in those years, the last name savich, none of his colleagues, friends, even neighbors at that time did not even suspect that these were the closest blood relatives of the legendary tanya savicheva, diary pages that everyone in leningrad and the region knew at that time... mikhail nikolaevich passed away in 1988, and shortly before that, three generations of the family regained our former, real selves last name in the nineties, the savichevs moved to st. petersburg, but they still had a small apartment in the slates, and vladislav mikhailovich escaped to the sweet city of his childhood at the first opportunity. this photograph was found

several years ago by an employee of the shatkovsky orphanage; it shows children evacuated from leningrad. the girl in the beret, dressed warmest of all, looks very much like tanya savicheva. 1943 local researchers believe this is her last photograph. of all the children at the orphanage , only tanya did not survive the evacuation. her story became a sad symbol of childhood destroyed by the blockade. many songs, stories, stories have been written about tanya savicheva, pages of her diary are engraved in stones on several memorial complexes, the desk at which... tanya sat at school number 35, today one of the most sought-after exhibits of the blaked museum of leningrad. at the cemetery in shatki , money collected by the people back in the soviet years. they erected a beautiful monument. in the early nineties in st. petersburg, the idea arose to rebury tanya in her hometown, but relatives refused to transport the ashes, not

we need to bother her, let everything remain as it is. nina nikolaevna is walking, walking with her granddaughter, little light by the hand. this little fence wasn’t here yet, tall, big, she saw it from afar, this space was still visible, she was like... nina nikolaevna screams at the top of her voice, tanya, our tanya, i see tanya, my own sister recognized her, through so many years, she recognizes her, ninety-first year, she hasn’t seen her since forty -one, 50 years have passed, she recognized her, if i had tanya, and a sister, brothers, all alive at this time, i would have a big family, how many if only i had nephews, now savicheva has a large family again, nikolovna passed away in 2013, but she has a son, a granddaughter, a great-granddaughter, vladislav, mikhail’s son, has two children, three grandchildren, when they were on the road of life

in kamen, near kamen flower, it’s written on the stone what he said in tanisavichev’s diary, and i heard that there’s some school going on with teachers, and there are children there, the teachers tell them, these uncooperative ones all died, and i... i almost to tears, but we survived. on september 8, 1941, when the blockade began, there were no less than 4,000 children, approximately 150 thousand of them died. 150 thousand leningrad boys and girls whom we, adults, should have, but failed to protect. they are not dead, they are looking at us. from her planet, tanya savicheva has her own, only 400 million kilometers from the earth,

small planet number 2127, planet tanya, named in her honor. hello dear friends, this is the life of the wonderful podcast with you, me, its host, writer alexey varlamov, and we have two wonderful guests in the studio today:

glasses, there is a version that it is vera mukhina, whom most of us, of course, remember and know from her majestic sculpture as a working collective farmer, nevertheless, it was she who came up with this glass and thus the range of her creativity from the glass to this wonderful sculpture, tell me, is this true or not true, that this is the invention of vera mukhina, well, i think that this is not true, that is, it is categorically untrue, you know, there are different versions of what exactly vera mukhina did, but i want to say that i understand why this legend stuck to her,

yes, because a great sculptor, a great artist, really very talented, she was in charge for a long time, she was the artistic director of the leningrad art glass factory, of course, from under her signature, after the artistic councils, a lot of things went into production, well, because the art director , as always, even now in the modern world , everything is also signed into production or sales. so there were probably glasses there, and glasses for water, for wine, and there are many stories about how she tested everything herself, even if, for example, they made a glass at the artistic council for wine, she said, let's take some from the decanter, let's pour some water, let's try how convenient it is to sculpt from this, by the way, you can look, yes, but specifically about the cut glass, it seems to me that it was kind of a journalistic duck, when there was a celebration of some anniversary of the creation of cut glass production. there were some millions, so they took such a famous design object, a famous person, and how they combined it all into such

a beautiful legend, this is what i think, because i have never seen the documents, which... centuries andrei platonov, there is a legend that at the end of his life, when he had such a difficult financial situation, he worked as a janitor, this is not true, he did not work as a janitor, but the legend is beautiful, why deny it, i have a dream put in...

in fact, she was left without a nose and a mountain twig hurt her nose so badly that she had to do eight plastic surgeries to restore her face, and of course, here are her dreams as a girl, about a happy life there, about balls, dancing, she loved it all, it all collapsed somewhere, and how i i understand that it was some kind of impetus when

she turned to art, well, in the form of life she already seemed to say goodbye to her feminine happiness, but no, in the first world war, where she was a nurse, yes, that’s it where she went, she meets a wonderful man, a military surgeon who was born into a peasant family and became a colonel in the tsarist army, and alexei andreevich zamkova or zamkov, i don’t know how to put the emphasis correctly, and these two people who, it would seem, should during there were revolutions go to paris, yes, with their past, with their attitude towards everything, they remain in their homeland, they remain. here in the soviet union, she becomes such a cult figure in soviet architecture, sculpture, culture, he becomes one of the largest scientists, doctors, yes, despite the fact that everything is complicated there, as there were moments of arrest threats, yes there were some idea of ​​leaving the country at the end of the twenties, but still they remain here and even paris has not left it, because in paris, like us

we know, yes, she came along with her ... here are the statues, that is, some absolutely amazing fate, that’s what’s interesting, yes, why exactly do we have two guests in the studio today, that on the one hand, the workers of the collective farm , yes, first of all, the workers are a collective farmer, you said it very well, yes, you will be a worker, you will be a collective farmer, well , that means vera ignatievna is known, yes, as a monumental sculptor, if you call it correctly, yes, and how clothing designer, that is , this woman had such talent, such energy. so much was enough, well , perhaps, alexander, you will tell more, probably better, about the fact that women may be more interested in everything that is connected specifically with design, but it is interesting that in the twenties the situation in general was already very difficult, then there is literally nothing to eat, there are no materials at all, and it was impossible to get some of the most basic things, but women still want to look good, to dress their wives , there was even more of a story not about

dressing well, but about doing something like that an offer to present with... with new models of soviet clothing at an exhibition in 1925 in paris, it was an exhibition of decorative arts, and there were different aspects of what was presented in the soviet union, it was architecture, and graphic designs, fashion, well, in general we absolutely wanted to show everything, we completely amazed everyone with our constructivism and melnikov built a pavilion, and there they actually showed all aspects of constructivism, when the whole... world celebrated, they even call the artdeco style the style of 1925, because everything is either they built in a national style or some kind of historicism or art deco, here we suddenly have a beast completely unknown to science, we were late for everyone with constructivism, and of course, it was necessary to show different directions, how how soviet design, architecture, art developed, in general they proposed

nadezhda lamanova, and vera mokhina, together with her... still profitable evgenia, the three of them began to develop new clothes and there was absolutely nothing to make it from, they - lamanova, she was a very famous fashion designer before the revolution and... she worked in st. petersburg, and dressed the court ladies, our imperial family, in fact, all of them , in fact, are very many, artists who were famous even before the revolution in the silver age, who were established, they later became important figures in soviet art in soviet design and architecture, and of course it was necessary to apply, it was necessary to rely on something. nadezhda lamonova, as a professional fashion designer, understood this very well, and since this new country was a country of workers and peasants, it was difficult to turn to the workers, actually to the aesthetics of the workers, yes, it was difficult to find

some references, yes interesting ones, then they began to look at peasant life, at traditional embroideries, at traditional forms, women literally opened their chests, what they had left from grandmothers, from grandfathers, from parents. they began to make traditional equipment, create a new soviet fashion, it got to the point that there was simply nothing, nothing to decorate hats with, they went to the field, collected little pieces, collected peas, made decorations from straws,

and it was so bad that there was nothing, they had to make something out of nothing to represent the country, it’s amazingly simple, they sipped from black, sculpted buttons on it, made such a relief out of bread. 12 years in 1937 in the same city of paris there will be this famous exhibition and there will be a working collective farmer there, in principle, these would be the same exhibitions, yuri, this is probably more of a question for you, what kind of exhibitions are these in general? there were those who were invited there, invited, what was it, but everyone was invited, everyone who could afford to buy a pavilion, or rather land. everyone was invited to the pavilion, but how often did these exhibitions take place? well, i haven’t studied the special history of these exhibitions, i think that, well, let’s say, in 1937 there was an exhibition in paris, in new york there was one in what, in 1939?

yes, they took place quite often, they happened quite often, again they have a tradition of these expos, they have a tradition, what is continuing now, yes it is continuing now, it is going on in general, in my opinion, the middle of the 19th century, for example, this the so-called crystal palace, also there in 1800. sixty-first or something, yes, that was also a huge expo, in fact, orientalism was discovered there in paris, when japanese art appeared at one of these exhibitions, everything they suddenly became interested in them, and indeed they were scattered all over the world, in america, in europe, and somehow this apparently alternated, but again, i didn’t specifically study history, but of course it’s easy to find out. it turns out that in 1925 the soviet country, where the civil war ended not so long ago and which was in a difficult situation, nevertheless finds the means to buy this land, build

a pavilion, by the way, these are the women who were talked about...