helicopters, i was naturally upset at first, but now i realize that this is god’s command, i was lucky that this is a very wonderful type of aviation and i became a helicopter pilot, you have been the eighth all my life, i conventionally say that i am a final exam in the syzarinsky higher military passed the aviation school on the mi-8, began serving in the armed forces, and from lieutenant to lieutenant general flew on the mi-8, quit,

the first aviation units that were then attracted by the border troops of the kgbsr were the southern mountain aviation units. and ours the commander was once the commander of this unit, where i ended up as a lieutenant. knowing the level of training and the peculiarities of flying in the mountains, of course, he decided to be the first to send representatives of our unit to afghanistan. and in 799, back in october, in november, even before the entry of the main limited troops... two of our crews from our regiment were already sent to afghanistan to prepare for the entry of troops. of course, subsequently the bulk of our crews were constantly involved in providing international help. this is understandable, you left the school now and say mountainous terrain, these are difficult, these are difficult conditions, these are not difficult conditions, these are special conditions, there are documents, a special case. and special conditions, in the current

documents, unfortunately, they have been generalized, this is incorrect, special cases are understandable, but special conditions are high mountainous terrain, altitude above 2,000 m, one can assume that the mountains begin, and before that these are ramnine conditions, and the part where we were located flew to altitudes of up to four to 4,500 m with landings, ceiling, static ceiling the mi-8 helicopter is, then it was... just 4 km 400 m, then they allowed us to fly from 4,500 to 6 km, this is afghan experience, our mi-8 helicopter copes perfectly with such conditions, it still performs better than anyone else in the world, it was these flights in hot and high-altitude conditions that, until recently , the very participation of the border troops of the kgbsr.

was not advertised in the afghan events, but you already understood that in october, in november 1979, partial forces of the border troops of the kgbsr already obviously knew that the introduction was coming a limited contingent of soviet troops in afghanistan in afghanistan, they prepared the entry itself, security in the border area and, of course, in the strip. from the state border 100 km deep into afghanistan, was entirely the responsibility of the border troops of the kvbsr. well, how did the lieutenant feel when he found himself in combat conditions? i am now interested in the psychology of a young man who finds himself in a critical situation. the situation is not critical. i still graduated from military school, of course, military operations are the main activity of any officer. so i thought, well, i should have graduated from a special educational institution. and thought that

military affairs would never be useful again, because the power of the soviet union was incredible, there was the warsaw pact, no one thought about war, so in the seventy-ninth year, at the numerous requests of the leadership of the afghan government, our country decided to introduce a limited contingent of soviet troops to afghanistan. everything is clear, the mood, the shoulder straps, but still a young man who has never shot in his life, he has never been shot at in his life. it turns out that in combat situation, this is how, how, where this breakdown happened, when you realized that you were in a combat situation, that you had to fight and, if necessary, press the trigger. i still remember my first combat mission with the actual use of weapons against ground targets. indeed, this was a serious case. i was given the task of striking at the bandits who, in principle, squeezed our outpost in. when approaching the combat area

, our troops identified themselves with a missile on the radio and said that the enemy was literally 100 m from us, firing from unguided... rockets, you understand, do not provide such accuracy plus or minus 100 m. my task was not only to strike the enemy, manpower, but also not to hit my troops. therefore, i remembered this first combat flight very well, but most of all i remembered how not to hit our own people, because if you just shoot far away, there will be no effect, you need to shoot accurately in order to protect our troops and effectively use weapons . so i took aim, approached the minimum permissible distance, how much? well, the minimum permissible distance is 600-700 m, because the mechanism for long-range launching of unguided missiles is triggered at 400-450 m, at low level,

yes, at an extremely low altitude, and we had to open fire, in general, the task was completed and the aviation support was... effectively provided, the most vulnerable stage of a combat flight is exiting an attack, this is the moment whether the enemy will hit you in the side or back or not, depends on the combat complexity of the crew, we fly in pairs, if you the leader, then the follower covers the leader’s retreat so that he is not beaten at the exit from the attack, and there is no one to cover the follower himself, so we came up with such a battle formation as a carousel. even a couple and helicopters, you can create such conditions that the enemy cannot raise his head, covering each other, in this way you can effectively leave the battlefield, the second you had, if i’m not mistaken, nedviga, yes, yes, yuri dech nedviga is very a good pilot, my comrade in arms, thank

god that he is alive and well, now he runs a veterans’ organization and is also a hero russian federation, have you ever met? border troops at that time, i never met the commander of the troops, i just saw his photograph, why am i asking about this, you and i, you to a greater extent, i am less familiar with at least four commanders of the border troops, i was always amazed the highest intellect of these people is amazing professionalism, well, starting there you can list everyone, pronichev, who recently retired, is an absolutely amazing person, you have known him for many years, you worked with him, what kind of people are they? indeed, the border troops are a special type of troops, these are the political troops of our state, the most

highly professional military personnel from different types and branches of the armed forces are selected there, and i agree with you that the leaders of the border troops, as a rule, were... the best specialists, well, at that time the border troops were led by matrosov, he was a participant in the great patriotic war, he carried out special missions, had many military awards, and also subsequently performed a number of special tasks for abroad on behalf of our then powerful state, successfully coped. i have to admit that i didn’t see him as a lieutenant, but 5 years after college i became a commander. i was promoted to the rank of captain and i had the great honor of receiving the order of lenin upon arriving in moscow, and the order of lenin was presented to me by sailors. i can ask a question: why were you awarded the order of lenin? we carried out a serious operation involving a large number of forces.

up to 30 helicopters from our aviation took part, this was in the zardevsky gorge, a high-mountainous part afghanistan on the second day of the operation, when the enemy was trapped in the mountains. and he was forced to shoot back, direct contact with the enemy took place, because bandits, as a rule, have a habit of leaving at night, disappearing without a trace, then we pinned them down and they began to shoot back, unfortunately they managed to hit our helicopter, the helicopter was piloted by the chief of staff of the regiment , lieutenant colonel kornev, in the blue sky, as i also remember now, a vertical black column of smoke rises, and i feel that this is not a mine explosion there or shell, and this is a serious fire, obviously this is a helicopter, it so happened that the helicopter was shot down, the cabin of the helicopter was torn off, it flew into the gorge,

the crew was thrown out of the torn off cabin onto the slopes, and they remained. alive, but in the mountains surrounded by enemies. all the other helicopters, as luck would have it, ran out of fuel, and i was on a different mission, in a parallel gorge, seeing this situation, i unloaded all my ammunition, which i was transporting to a new site, and flew up to the scene of the tragedy. having examined the situation, i realized that the helicopter was on fire, mines were exploding, fragments, and the crew runs down the gorge, and he is surrounded by bandits. of course, i came from below, so as not to get hit by fragments of mines exploding in a helicopter... to meet the crew high in the mountains, i managed to sit on one wheel so that it would be more convenient for the crew

to run up, at what altitude, from top to bottom, the altitude was about 3,500 m, and indeed the wounded commander was carried by crew members, and i took all three crew members and flew to the field base, giving the wounded commander an injection of promidol along the way, so that ... the pain shock did not play its cruel joke, they shot at you as you were leaving, there was not a single hit on my helicopter, there she is, the girl who was kidnapped, my granddaughter, when katenka and i went to kindergarten, do you always go to one another? and back the same, there is a connection between these abductions, fortune teller, tomorrow

on the first, uh-huh, the number has been decided, yes, eleventh, girl, girl, dark night, raspberries, raspberries, fruit bearing, but where is the heart that will love me, are you sleeping neighbors, polar bears, goodbye mom, see you date, mom, personal greetings, god, and frost, frost, fantastic, on friday

first, you showed me a small piece of control footage about how you and your partner hit an airfield at night in the mountains. for this they received a hero, yes, the task was set, uh, to strike at the terrorists high in the mountains. indeed, the mountains were quite high, and the area was known to us, we won’t say in which country it is, it is outside our state, but nevertheless, the task was carried out at night in the mountains without communication, without light, by guessing, by touch. fortunately, already, uh, at that time our aviation specially prepared helicopters, not serial ones, but

experimental helicopters that could fly in the mountains without communication, without lighting, using night vision goggles, that is, we flew below the lower echelon at an extremely low altitude , with the help of night vision goggles, literally 10-15 m from obstacles, that is, this is a flight to compare. it’s possible to fly like during the day, for us this is a flight that allows us to control the underlying surface, but our enemy cannot made it possible to accurately fire at us, so we had a great advantage, this was the first time in our country that night vision goggles were tested in combat conditions, of course, the mountains make it difficult to fly with night vision goggles, but nevertheless, knowing this area quite well, we we prepared according to the map... we managed to complete a filigree flight of gorges passes

at a great distance to achieve the goal of completing the entire task that the management set for us. we caused very significant damage to the enemy, but we ourselves did not suffer any damage, this is the effectiveness of special operations, daring, bold and unexpected for the enemy. well, okay, we met in chechnya, yes. the difference in time is quite significant, does a military pilot’s feeling from combat operations differ there and there, or is it about the same thing? having a lot of experience uh? combat operations in afghan conditions, in the afghan mountains, the formation of character has already occurred, and for me, the conduct of military operations on my territory, in the chechen republic in part of the russian federation from the point of view of the situation and tactics, did not have a significant role, but it was morally harder, because we were fighting

a civil war within our state, so we would quickly like to end this misunderstanding, and this misunderstanding, as you know, was led by mercenaries from abroad, therefore, our task was to drive out the mercenaries from abroad, what did we manage to do? well, let's talk about this: every person, i think, is happy that there is someone who is waiting for you at home, of course, when did you get married, at what age? i got married on august 8, 2008, no, ok then. you have been living in istania for many years, yes, yes, everywhere, as i know, wherever you are, she is next to you, yes, this is the person who knows how to wait, of course, i am lucky, and the life of a military man, of course, and probably any other person depends on special combat missions, but the daring are lucky, so

we were often lucky, success and luck accompanied us, therefore, with each combat mission, our confidence in each other grew, and we certainly completed more than a dozen of the most difficult, unique tasks, they certainly got professional pleasure from it. can i ask, well, this is the most difficult task that comes to your mind from your memories, the most risky case, and how you got out is unknown at all? well, we always got out confidently, reliably, without receiving any damage and without losing our friends and comrades. this achieves. with the help of careful study and preparation of the operation , all intelligence data, all information, all training, all all combat coordination, when we have comprehensively conducted reconnaissance, intelligence, intelligence data , are involved in the preparation of the operation in advance before the start of the operation used, and in order to deceive

cunning terrorists, because they also use sophisticated methods... they appoint field commanders, ideological leaders, and so on. in this case , the entire gang was destroyed, ground and reconnaissance units, intelligence, in general, forces were used, as a result of this lightning-fast, unique operation, in

the end the entire gang was 100% destroyed, is this chechnya or afghanistan? this was chechnya, and after... this happened, there was no one to even report to that country what had happened. you were for many years he was the head of the aviation department of the fsb of russia. yes, the most difficult task you have had to solve in this position. the most difficult task was the school in beslan in 2004, when terrorists captured innocent children and parents. and for three days our service...

holding the hand, and resolving some issues of the group of blessed memory, a difficult situation, but i ’m asking, you had to be at the head of such a huge department, not only those yourself related to the development of fsb aviation, what is it, what was missing, what did you manage to overcome and that, thank god, and what, thank god you can be proud of, such a short period of our aviation managed... to significantly advance the armament and technical capabilities of our aviation to a higher level, we, with the help of our domestic design school, using: all our developments have been made night vision goggles, guided missile weapons, made light attack aircraft of the finist type, as well as light

helicopters, equipped ships for border guards of sea borders with light helicopters of the k-226 type. if it `s not a secret, aviation of the fsb of russia, which began with the aviation of the border troops, is basically a helicopter. or is this, i’m not talking about the movements of protected persons and so on services, i’m now talking about the maximum use of military equipment in the air? aviation has a large fleet of aircraft and in state aviation we are, after the ministry of defense, one of the largest operators of state aviation in the interests of the state and 80% of the fleet of aircraft is helicopters.

in the interests of dark climate surveys in the balloon, we found a mountain in mongolia, which is cup-shaped, precipitation has accumulated there over many 100 years, so an international expedition took a section of the kernov ice, from this ice floe, and for this i flew there myself, landings had to be done at an altitude of more than 4 km, i took a local pilot with me. who has been flying in the mountains for a long time, when the scientists had already collected a ton of ice, it was necessary to take not only the scientists, but also

a ton of cargo from this site, i asked him, can you take it yourself, he said, no, if he said, they used to train me on i would take this but now he’s talking to you, so i remember, i took the ice, the scientists, from the left seat i took... the pilot, well, not a young experienced pilot, but he looked into my eyes with great gratitude, learned from me, and at the end he came up and said , if i had met you earlier, i could have done it myself, so of course, afghanistan and my young years gave me the opportunity in the right place, at the right age, at the right time, to learn how to pilot a helicopter in the mountains, this helped me over the course of the entire service. if it were so in chechnya mountains, so in afghanistan has mountains, so piloting helicopters in the mountains is the most difficult task, of course i trained a lot of students, and

i managed to land even on the top of elbrus, tell me how, well, i know it’s simple, you carried out a certain flight in pairs in places where you can’t fly at all , you were in antarctica, on the same helicopter i was lucky enough to visit both the north pole and the south pole, the north pole... we were halfway there, i was with you and i’m proud of it twice, but antarctica is impossible there, the weather changes constantly, the winds change directions, ascending, descending flows. antarctica is certainly the southern hemisphere and everything that happens in the northern hemisphere, everything is the other way around, we have summer, there is winter, we have winter, there is summer, of course, our northern hemisphere, i think we are lucky, we have a warm current the golf stream and that even in moscow we feel the influence of the golf stream, there are no warm currents in the southern hemisphere, therefore the climate in the southern hemisphere is sharply different from the northern

hemisphere, this is a foreign hemisphere for us and of course it requires a different approach, and so as we rarely go there, rarely fly, for us this is a very difficult area. we managed to successfully complete the fifty-third high-latitude... polar expedition in 2007, when we from south america flew through the drake passage under our own power and reached the point of the south pole, wait, this is some kind of, this is a very very quiet, sweet story, passing the drake passage - how many miles is this? the drake passage is clear water, more than 1.0 km, the risk is huge, of course it is a risk, but we flew as a couple and... we had means of rescue over the water, so we were successful completed the flight there and back. what was the task? antarctica, it

was according to international treaties. or its use, the procedure for the use of poles was signed by international acts, well, just during this period at the beginning of our millennium, the terms and acts were coming to an end, it was necessary for the leading polar powers to review the procedure for the further use of our continents' poles, and the poles are enough.

polar power. nikolai fetovich, i’ll ask a question, it’s not an idle one. the fact is that you, and those who taught me, gave me heaven, opened for me, one word or one concept that god sees is completely different from everything that i had in life, as a general idea of ​​​​something that exists. what is the crew to you? i assumed that you would ask about this relationship between people. there are aircraft with one crew member, sometimes with a multi-member crew, this is certainly a higher level aircraft, where one pilot is considered to be unable to cope, but on our helicopter there are three, four, or even five crew members, this is the commander of the ship, the right one pilot, flight technician, flight engineer, and there is also a flight operator and a flight gunner in

combat conditions, five people, of course, the crew is a special unit, a single unit, which consists of different specialists, different people, different positions, different levels of training, but they have one task, and one victory, and if the crew is defeated, then they all meet the ground together; their last flight ends together, so there is an old expression. for an airplane it makes no difference who pilots it, a cadet or a general, therefore in the crew everyone is equal, the fate of each of the crew members depends on each, therefore a special brotherhood arises in the crew, therefore the commander of the ship must be able to pay the crew, prepare them, and the maximum potential of each crew member must be summed up, then the crew receives combat

coordination, and such a crew . is a real fighting unit, it is very pleasant that the friendship that arises in the crew is extended not in flight, on the ground, then it continues throughout life, so you and i , too, as members of the same crew, we understand uh, what we are capable of both in the air, on the ground, and in life, so a crew proven in battle will never let themselves down in peaceful conditions, and have you had cases when one of the crew members realizes that he is not one of them? ?

when the crew died, and the navigator accidentally remained alive, it was major slepov, alexey shturman was not needed, and he remained on the ground, ivanovich, he was my navigator, out of the blue, he came up to me and said: “i should have died.” i accidentally remained alive, how can i continue to live, how can i look into my eyes? i i say, alexey ivanovich, you are not to blame for anything, it so happens that you are not to blame for the death of the crew, he says, but i’m afraid to fly there.

in chechnya, with active resistance from terrorists, our helicopters often got through, crew members were injured, one of... the pilots came up to me and said: well, i’m afraid to fly when they shoot at us, i can’t do anything with myself, i’m paralyzed, i i can’t fulfill my duties, i’m not responsible for my actions, but i want to fly, but i say, in peaceful conditions, aren’t you afraid to fly? no i'm not afraid, only when there is fire from the ground at the crew, at the helicopter, do i feel a sense of fear, and i also listened to such a pilot. created for him the conditions in which he can perform his duties to the maximum, he still flies, transports serious people, serious companies, and i am very grateful that among the pilots

there is a feeling of trust, where a person says what he is capable of, and what he cannot do, when the commander clearly knows what each member of the team is capable of, then he manages to unite. good flying ability division, i specifically left one question at the end of our conversation today, you told me this several times, but no one knows about it at all, so i ask you to answer without any embarrassment, your call sign, my call sign is maestro, i have nothing more to add, i today i’m glad to see you, you are passing by, god grant you to pass it and finally sit down... holding your favorite hand in a cup, we say goodbye to you exactly, until next time, in the podcast of the first channel, there was a conversation with lieutenant general, hero of russia nikolai fetrovich gavrilov, an outstanding pilot whose call sign

is maestro. hello, this is a psychic podcast, today we will talk about how to build a life, to be happy, even in a situation where , well, let’s say, sexualized violence occurred, on the first channel there is just the premiere of the series mutual consent by valery gaigermanika, dedicated to the problem of sexualized violence. our today's heroine and... elena experienced such violence in her childhood and, unfortunately, this experience distorted and complicated her entire future life,

but we will try to find that path to happiness joy, which i personally believe is still possible. we will try to do this with psychologist tatyana galich. hello, elena, i... won’t traumatize you by asking you to tell me the details of what happened, let us tell you, we’ll probably talk about what has been preventing you from living your life since then, how do you express it to yourself, what difficulties have arisen in your personal life? life, and how you tried to fight it, with the consequences of this miraculous experience, well, first of all... this feeling of guilt is just that it’s probably still going on, although i i’ve worked through it, explained it to myself, listened to a lot of videos, talked to people, some kind of feeling of guilt, that i’m

wrong, it’s my own fault that this happened to me, it’s like i’m wearing some kind of heavy blanket or coat or something is smeared with some kind of paint, that i... have no right to approach society, then there is a consequence, well, this was in childhood, that is , there was a kindergarten, schools, and then, when there was already a music school, in basically, somehow i could get closer to people, communicate, i sometimes i watched how girls communicate, at school i couldn’t see how girls communicate, try to communicate, that is, people... the new ones made contact, but after a day or two weeks, they somehow also pulled away, i think why so, at the music school it was easier, because i have a musical education, due to the fact

that i played better, heard better, wrote better musical dictations in salf, everyone writes there for 10-15 minutes, i write for a few seconds, for me less than a minute, if more minutes, i'm bad, less than minutes, i quickly ask, for about this, i’m like... society noticed me and the girls consulted there and came up to help, but for example , the general girls didn’t take me to some parties and i wasn’t interested, i didn’t understand. where you need to rejoice, where you need to do what, somehow i was also removed, and seeing how people, for example, can communicate without a topic, that is, sit down at some table, yes, some kind of party, and just it’s somehow easy to communicate, i sat at these parties, ate something, shared something with someone, but never... well she was kind of withdrawn,

as if she was constantly living in her own world with something autistic, elena, but at the same time you got married, i think you have three children, three, well, that is, after all this experience, it still allowed you to arrange your personal life, but yes, i tried to copy the behavior of other people, women, girls that i liked, sometimes i could even... you lived your life, yes, that’s how solfeggio yes you lived, this is my life, i can talk for hours, you can’t stop me, i have no barriers, i have no complexes, i can talk, talk only here, in life , let’s say, with my first husband, i actually played the wrong character, here we are married , together with our meetings, plus the marriage, in total, the complexity of 3 years, i would be

like a grandmother, i’m about to retire, you’ve done well , you’ve made it, you look good, i look in the mirror, i see in the mirror it’s not a girl, not because when i communicate with men, if i feel some kind of message for sexual relations, some kind of advances, because due to age, when people are already over fifty, there are no foreplay, there are such like yes, maybe i can rent a room, something like this, like this, something so simple, it occurs to me again: child, i’m like this, i even have this look, it’s like this, i kind of see myself scared,

that i even have some kind of - i’m in a stupor, my palms are sweating, i start scanning so that there are no movements towards the belt, if there is any movement, a train, even a man will correct the belt, i immediately want to run very quickly, and hide in a corner, hug, and so on sit, now, what would you like to change? well , first of all, change my attitude towards now maybe in some water not now my attitude towards people generally have their own, because it seems to me that even at this age it still pops up regardless, you are still in danger from the place. it’s somehow, well

, uncomfortable, terrible, because even due to my age, i can’t, say, cry without consequences, it’s a surge in pressure, it’s my hands sweating, it starts, it’s uncomfortable for me, and it’s stupid, because they’re adults, well , they’re not so naughty, i would also like , firstly, i have three three children, two girls, and i... really wanted in my children, girls, firstly, to protect them from this a strange world that can be kind, or can turn out so wrong-sided that god forbid, so i can see that i have children now, they are already grown up, i have 30-year-old girls and 19-year-old younger ones, so i literally would have been ours yesterday talking about how mom, you’re raising us wrong in general, you’re not the one causing the injury.

i didn’t want to disturb your virginity or some kind of nine-year-old honor, it’s better to re -pere, well, play it safe, they’ll forgive you later, they’ll blame it on your age. to some kind of female hysteria, but to remain intact. i i want to turn to our psychologist now. tatyana, well, i immediately saw such whole layers of problems and questions, but i read a lot, studies and diaries of psychologists who worked with children with adults who

experienced violence in childhood and there are completely different methods of approach, some work on so that at all. i have the courage to come and tell you everything about this, and for that i thank you very much, because i’m sure now this resonates with many people, you know, here, in fact , everyone has different degrees of damage, but here sometimes it may not even be expressed that there is some kind of trauma at all, there is an encroachment of direct action, but what

is it and from what suffering comes from neglect, defenselessness, you understand, the fact is that this is precisely this... the main consequence is - this is a loss of security in the world, that the world is somehow completely unsafe, and at the same time, you seem to even think that it’s wonderful that you raised your children in this...