at some stage, in order to understand how influential the freemasons were, i will simply quote a quote from the work of georgy vernadsky, he is a famous historian, he was involved in freemasonry, and so he wrote that he gave statistical data on the number of masuns in state apparatus under catherine, that is, in 1777, out of 11 members of the imperial council,

and especially, in my opinion, great irritation was caused by the fact that when there was a famine that gripped the moscow region, the authorities did not react to it in any way, and the masons began to collect funds for the starving, helped, and he also stood behind this for centuries, well, in general, of course , this caused irritation, because well, there is one enlightened empress and mother empress, she is in charge, she can take care, she should. to do this, and

the most important thing, of course, while the masons were busy with a small world, that’s one thing, but gradually they began to criticize catherine very harshly, well, yes, if at the beginning of her reign catherine was actually brought to power, including people related to freemasonry, it is enough to recall the same panin, the same elagin, then later catherine began to think, including why the decline of freemasonry dates back to what time , at the same time as, in principle, the tightening of the screws. during the reign of catherine, firstly, the uprising of pugachev, and then the event of the great french revolution, there is another nuance, this is the gradual displacement of other models of freemasonry in russia by swedish freemasonry, which is more strict, requiring greater moral dedication, greater morality, and sweden is a foreign policy enemy in russia, yes in at the end of catherine's reign, russia is at war with sweden, it turns out that freemasonry according to the swedish charter is widespread in russia.

and sweden is a foreign policy enemy of russia, something is wrong here, yes, that is, some kind of double loyalty arises, yes, which also irritated catherine, and aroused her suspicion of disloyalty and, in general , natural suspicion of disloyalty on the part of some freemasons, then it had to be stopped somehow. plus one more very important point, why catherine at one time for the publication of some book, she called radishchi a rebel worse than pugachev, because educational ideas expressed in the manner in which they were expressed. catherine , on the basis of all this taken together , decided that, roughly speaking, it was time to end freemasonry, this flowering of freemasonry was time to end, although formally, formally, she did not prohibit it, so you recalled the swedes’ suspicions about the swedes, well, freemasons, well, well, listen, the freemason kutuzov fought with the freemason napoleon, but they were there then. no, the difference in views is

a completely normal story for the same freemasonry, you should never assume, this is what our conspiracy theorists do, that freemasonry is some kind of single force, no, no, unidirectional , this has never happened, even in relation to the french one. there, in the same lodge, listen, were the grand duke konstantin pavlovich, the future chief of gendarmes benkendor, chaadaev, griboyedov and pestel, plus

the brothers of the ant came out of the same lodge to create, so to speak, a union of salvation, the decembrist apostle prince trubetskoy, and with they sat and, so to speak, sat in the same box, and then, yes, this is also an exception to the rule after the decembrist uprising, which means that in the investigative commissions, it means that on one side of the table sat apostle muravyov or, say, pestel, and on the other benkendor, they were in the same lodge, this is a historical podcast russia and the west on the swing of history, today we are dealing with freemasonry, primarily domestic, there is one fork in the road that divides...

this is a very important point, in general it is possible , i think it’s correct to say, which means in in principle, those freemasons, regular and liberal masons, well, of course, they all want the improvement of man and society and so on, but if regular freemasonry gives preference to evolutionary, evolutionary changes, then political freemasonry, liberal freemasonry, it more often advocates. or for quite drastic reforms, up to the revolution, so, so, that’s when, and we have sins, including liberals, yes, they often fall on the heads of ordinary masons, so to speak, of the classical spill, so i

highly recommend to people when they hear there’s something about the story about the freemasons, it’s imperative to ask again, and what kind of freemasons are they? still, i don’t quite agree with the fact that... the so-called liberal freemasonry or political freemasonry, it strives for revolution, rather, on the contrary, from freemasonry , those who took the revolutionary path, as was the case with our decembrists, yes, they left freemasonry, those political freemasons who arose in russia, well, took shape in russia in 1912, the great east of the peoples of russia, the supreme council of the peoples of russia, one from whose leaders were alexander fedorovich kerensky, they were precisely classical liberals in the sense that... they strived for an evolutionary path of development, they were very afraid of repeating the events of the revolution of 905 and tried by creating such a supra-party political club, yes, rather this can be called so, to push nicholas ii to some kind of reforms, perhaps in this circle there were rumors about the possibility of a palace coup, but again a coup from above,

in no case a revolution from below, they feared it, despite the fact that among there were also some moderate socialists, including chkhiidze, for example, and apparently nikolai chkhiidze, the future leader. petrograd soviet, one of the leaders of the right- wing mensheviks, yes, he was a member of the masonic organization of this political masonic organization, but this freemasonry was revived in russia quite late, we have not yet talked about the break that there was, a huge break from the beginning, in fact, from the 19th century century, there from the twenty-second year to the very end of the 19th, beginning of the 20th century. yes, but you yourself still said one very important word.

regions seem to have troubles among themselves, but in the czech republic and slovakia the germans, hungarians, austrians helped to revive freemasonry, in yugoslavia and romania, the italians. in russia, first there were liberal masons, here they are, this is the grand orient of france, so to speak, yes,

the very next year, so to speak, regular masons appeared, they began to dominate, in the end, that means, in the year ninety-five, the great lodge of russia, it must be said that there is a rule that there are lodges in every country, they are united by a grand lodge, it is, as it were, above them. but so that to create a legal grand lodge in each country, you need the blessing of some other grand lodge, so the russian masons had lodges for some time, but they didn’t have a grand lodge, they needed the blessing of some grand lodge , here the french in the year ninety-five, it means they gave such a blessing, the grand master came here, if charpente’s memory serves me correctly, i talked to him too, and

that means that the ceremony of creating this lodge took place, the ceremony took place in one of the halls of the central house art workers, well the temple , of course, didn’t quite resemble a classic masonic hall, because well, in general, there were columns painted on canvases, swords that should have been there were just fencing swords... heraldry specialists in st. petersburg, they sent him just the day before, but i must note, that when i spoke with the masons after this whole ceremony, they expressed such great relief, because... of course, during the ceremony itself, then during the banquet on tverskaya, in this

central restaurant, a lot was said toasts of gratitude for the french, but uh , our people, they expressed such relief that they broke out of the french embrace, because they had already begun to embarrass them. yes, but freemasonry now is still more of a club, a club of interests with a specific game. an element, as you said, of a game for adults, which unites people, which helps to build certain interpersonal connections, which can then help in business or in politics, why not, but there is some kind of conspiratorial flair that freemasonry has is present only thanks to the publications of the yellow press and some unscrupulous authors who seek to inflate these things, as we, in my opinion, have now tried to show, the history of freemasonry has been quite well studied. there are quite a lot of scientific publications on this topic, quite a lot of freemasonry documents that seem to be secret, yes,

but this is such an open secret, yes, they have been published, you even brought them to the studio, yes, of course, yes, and here for real political processes, it is very important to see their real component, objective factors, political, economic, social factors, they attribute everything to a very convenient conspiracy theory, because why do conspiracy theories spread so easily, these are very simple explanations, that ’s why the revolution took place in russia, and these are the freemasons, another thing is that... then the real reasons for the same february revolution or the october revolution, which has nothing to do with the masons at all, the bolsheviks simply openly despised the masons, although once they tried to get money from them, unsuccessfully, oh, who got it they just didn’t try to get money, that’s where the whole story ended, but the conspiracy explanation is a manifestation of laziness of the mind, so, probably, our conversation today warns against this laziness of the mind, well, in conclusion, i can only say the following, that well, i don’t know...

deal with the philosopher's stone, as long as they don't get involved in politics, well, it seems to me that the times of freemasonry, some significant political project or political influence, they are really over. it was a historical podcast russia-west on the swing of history, they talked about freemasons, pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov were with you, study history with us, all episodes of the historical podcast russia west on the swing of history can be viewed on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru.

“i’m so white and fluffy,” snow said like an avalanche, descending on the mountain village. hello, today we are gathering our thoughts on a very serious topic: humor and laughter. greetings, dear friends, andrey knyshev, writer, director, satirist, gavriil gordeev, media manager, actor, producer. the director gave everyone with all the stops, that i forgot, yes, i’m vladimir ligoida, dear friends, i invited you to tell you the most unpleasant news, let’s talk seriously about humor, it won’t work out any other way, it won’t work out any other way, i must admit that i deliberately didn’t say , that this is your phrase, but i’m correcting myself, yes, a wonderful phrase

about snow, you know why i chose it, it seems to me that these are the facets that i would like...

a sense of humor is such a non-definition, even i’ll say it, that’s the meaning , this is such a sign of happiness, oops, that is, if oops, you have sense of humor, this means that you have signs of a happy life, because well, without humor, without...

it turns out to be under suspicion, i will support the first or second thought here, the thought about philosophy and humor, that they are not separate if we deeply so let’s dig into ancient greek comedy and tragedy, then well, essentially comedy is philosophy, comedy motivates to think and reason, and due to comedy, due to

paradox, due to the opportunity to look , even within the framework of a short reprise, at the same problem with ...on the other hand, it's very a philosophical concept, philosophy and humor, these are indeed satellites, but such polar satellites with a contradiction give rise to some kind of movement and dialogue, and if today we are so full of quotes, it means that if socrates, in my opinion, said, philosophizing means learning to die, and humor is the opposite he helps us in every possible way to forget about it and continue to live , finding joy in it. happiness, yes, yes, therefore, and one more quote, i don’t remember who said it, humor is a lifeline on the waves of life, that is, in general , some kind of people around you - the core of the aphorisms and there are a lot of thoughts, of course, said far-fetchedly. tell me, treat yourself with humor, if without any theoretical

reasoning, just from experience, how important is this and is there any limit for you personally, yes, that is, of course i can do it over myself, you know how - in an american comedy, when someone called someone else, he says: why are you calling me names? he says: that’s what you say, you just called yourself the same name, he says: when i speak, it’s normal, when you, it sounds somehow negative, but that’s it. such an attitude towards yourself with humor, how important this is for a person, but it is simply necessary, in general, people who do not treat themselves with a sense of humor are not able to do this, anyway , some kind of heaviness emanates from them, like some kind of such apprehension arises around, because somehow it’s all really heavy, they even have some kind of peculiar facial expressions, body language, postures, it’s also very interesting... pay attention at what age, at what moment from the child, from the baby, this guy arose, yes, who doesn’t have,

who carries his own monument in his pocket, yes, and periodically they pull it out to look at it with admiration, yes, well, in general , this is the genre itself, really, to talk about these near-humorous things, talk about it seriously, analyze it, and even so ungrateful in general ungrateful. it’s impossible to laugh at yourself - including becoming a comedian, that is, you can be a satirist as much as you want, yeah, let’s not point fingers, but then no, well, it’s not a straight line, it’s just a clear one, but there is a difference, that a satirist is...

to be able to iranize, maybe laugh, but on the other hand, one smart priest once told me, never take yourself seriously, but take seriously what you do, yes, that’s it how to catch this line, well, when you take yourself seriously, this is too much, this is the path to delusions of grandeur, when you take a matter seriously, you start, even in a humorous business, you start professionally, this guest in red says interesting things, then yes, in all seriousness, if only...

life path and so on, so you need to take yourself seriously on the other hand, that is, everything, no matter how you turn it, what we are talking about, and sometimes taking seriously what you do, this also sometimes harms the matter, yes, because there are a bunch of completely meaningless activities and things that people consider to be simply the most important things, these are nothing more than the games of grown-up children, they take this extremely seriously, you know, just the game of a grown-up child, it’s also ... it can be very useful, sometimes on the contrary, you need to save your child so that, to do something very seriously, look, the laughter and joy that we bring

to people, yes, but how they coexist with each other and one without the other, if it is there, the apostle paul says, always rejoice, but this does not mean , laugh endlessly, you can do this again. who are we digging? i’ll continue without quotes, i’ll continue without quotes, come on, let’s keep adding quotes, you see, i’ve practiced

self-irony. at least a little bit, yes, coach, there is such a moment here that it’s as if laughter is a tool that makes it possible try joy, if it’s not always possible to uh understand sincere uh feel the joy that needs to be experienced, yes, unfortunately, sometimes we need to somehow make us laugh and give us a sample of joy, but this does not mean that we should be deceived, that this is all the joy that... maybe, but this feeling, it’s as if, thanks to laughter, you begin to touch the right mood, the right perception of life and attitude, even if you look so deeply, here and here, of course, joy is one thing, unbridled fun is another thing, there is laughter and so on, that is, this can also go from one extreme to another, but without, sometimes, when you are deep

in... it can be simple, it can be strange, but it just at least pulls you out of the state and makes you understand what is actually in reality, that is, based on this, we can argue that laughter and humor often bring us down to earth, as if showing reality.

i want to read one quote: in continuation of the entire twenty-year friendship with varvara petrovna, three to four times a year he regularly fell into the so-called civil sorrow among us, that is, simply into the blues, but dear varvara petrovna liked it. subsequently, in addition to civil grief, he began to fall into champagne, but the sensitive varvara petrovna protected him all his life from all trivial inclinations. in my opinion, this is the subtlest humor, these are the demons of dostoevsky. the subtlest, deepest humor, and it gives this, as many consider, a terrible work, yes, some very special coloring, or i don’t right? no, this is generally the best combination of serious funny, deep superficial, and the flow of these meanings, such a roller coaster, exactly gives...

i think that humor is my image, that without this, but this does not mean, that is , it’s like a periodic table of elements, that is , there is everything both vertically and horizontally, groups, subgroups of some species, that is, it can be, i don’t know, abstract, concrete, children’s, adult, black, white, ethnic , how...

and as soon as you are with the instrument of comedy, so it immediately has some kind of therapeutic effect, it turns out that with humor the work becomes more useful for a person, for the viewer, for the reader, and deeper at the same time, well, look, the word jester was also used, yes, but this also, well, a buffoon, this is not someone completely frivolous, but,

among other things, a buffoon. this is a person who manages to speak the truth when others are silent, so to speak? it’s probably possible to describe a jester in such a pretentious way, but a jester is also a designer, uh. that is, here it’s like the actual guy can, if you like, that is , he will tell the truth, which at this moment will be an irritant, yeah, that is, he will turn to another audience, he will begin to tell a different truth, that is, there seems to be a moment such that this also an instrument, and this is some kind of skill that you tell one story in front of one audience, for another audience you tell a different story, but every time...

it shifted, like anesthesia arose from this pain, from this injection, but it i learned the truth about myself, it was such a mirror, well i want to argue a little here, he’s a buffoon , a comedian, well, of course, he has the tool

of paradox, he understands that in a given society they say one thing, but what i’m about to say is never said, yes, in some... then this moment in contrast arose that oh, this is not true, that means, and this is true, that is, yes... somewhere it gets there, i’m just older, so i remembered the tsarist times, and i remember the tsarist times, yes, i i also found it, that is, i ’m talking about this, that this is us now, this is us now, as it were, arguing that yes, this is true, in fact, it’s like, now we can be transported to that moment, he simply acted according to the situation, a simple example, but i still insist that the jester is still an opportunist, an infection, and a simple example is that in front of the king. .. in front of his retinue, he will joke and tell one story, when he goes out into the square in front of the people, he will beat the strange one, and relatively speaking, orlekin beating the pyro is something that, as it were, that the people like any strange person they would like

they wanted to beat them up, so in front of them the jester started to beat them up, he doesn’t speak there some other truths, he says something that is potentially of interest to the audience at the moment, well, let’s turn it up a notch, so to speak, that’s the limit. the history of yurotism, how it’s true, here it’s definitely true, but without the conjuncture, what was said there by st. basil, and the tsar, said in the extreme, but in such a general form, well, it probably can’t be called humorous, yes, it is rather accusatory, but it definitely goes beyond the boundaries of the normative, yes, well, kinship, it’s generally like we don’t know, that is... such is the highest degree of humility through humor, through self-irony, when you completely dissolve yourself, and through the opportunity you can be able to be a laughing stock, make fun of what’s scary,

and show people what, then there is this direct mission, it’s just a very interesting topic for me, because it is, to some extent, a kind of unique light. on the road in the dark kingdom and yes, yes, yes, that is, no matter how you look at it, humor is still based on paradox, on lies, if we talk about twisting in the direction of the light where to go, then of course foolishness is the highest degree of self-irony, which carries some kind of extremely deep, yes, that is, it’s some kind of thing at all, it’s not like here we are there above me there, it’s not natural that i couldn’t miss the story of father gabriel, the georgian, and this. well, this is of course surprising, that is, he is still cheerful, well , there were a lot of saints who were close to comicality, and this comicality was bright, blissful due to which you wanted

change, well, the topic is certainly complex, but nevertheless, why did i say it as a cultural phenomenon, and that is, there is clearly a certain internal human state that we are unlikely to be able to evaluate, well, after all, all sorts of falliants are written there.. . some kind of understatement remains, something you can’t laugh at, it seems to me that one of the absolute criteria is when you should stop if it hurts someone, even if you don’t understand it, are you ready to agree with it or not, well, most likely yes, most likely yes, and there is also a moment when you say offensive things, but you say them to your face, having agreed in advance that you - well , relatively speaking, a genre - this is a genre, this is a type

of rap battle, what type of rap battle, like a roast, this is a genre, which, relatively speaking, when you rule in advance said, so vladimir romanovich and i go out and tease each other, it will be interesting for you and me with each other, and people will be interested, but this does not mean that if i start talking about you without you, it’s a different story, that is, here well, the edge always exists, it seems that it does not cause pain, but uh. this is still unpleasant, still unpleasant, but this is also kind of a problem, that is, well, the problem is that not every comedian or humorist understands the consequences of this humor, well, this is too difficult for me for a circus the fact that you speak very strongly from the inside from experience that i don’t have, but that ’s exactly what i meant, there’s just some kind of set of clichés that you can’t joke about a religious topic, it’s not true , this is not true, it’s possible, but what is a parable, but here i have... there is a favorite story, it became a favorite

when my friend told me that, as he says, it changed my life, you know, such a parable theme, how a new russian dies, then goes to heaven, tries to go to heaven, the apostle tells him, you are not on the list, he says, why not, what are you starting to say, i built so many churches, so much money, i spent it on the church, and the apostle calmly tells him, we will return the money to you, that’s first of all, it’s very funny , yes, and secondly, here’s my friend, he says, you know, he says, i suddenly realized that the truth will be returned, that’s a joke. humor, or you can take charlie fucking, a question of education, erudition and ethics, ethics is simply the element that gives you the opportunity to make a decision, you take responsibility for yourself when you show a paradox, when you start making sharp jokes, this is the line when you cross it , that is, you take responsibility, yes, now i’ll joke in such a way that it will be surprising for everyone. but someone will be offended and you begin to weigh how

, relatively speaking, to weigh mercantilely, then you start counting the benefits, i ’ll destroy this one, i’ll offend them, they’ll all be upset, but look how many people are laughing, but you again think from the industry, yes, that i’ll go on stage there, no, i’m not even talking about the stage, i i’m saying the same charlie abdo, that is, to say that they did not understand and do not understand some such things, they understand perfectly well, but they do this provocation consciously. not just, they believe that this is actually what they are, that they are the forest orderlies, yes, that they, in fact, are changing something for the better in the world, not i know, everything is based on intuition, everything, man, there is so much innate in a person, so much, every soul is a christian, and so on and so forth, where you feel that you are killing someone else’s soul, its fragility, its love, specifically, when you’re joking, you can joke harshly about a phenomenon, yes, but if it’s... about a person , it takes on a completely different form, you

’re already killing him with a word, an image, and so on, here religious topics are generally very delicate matters, but i think that there are amazing christian orthodox humor, parables and some statements, the most subtle, intelligent, they are beautiful in their verbosity and height, sometimes something else is missing... today we gathered with thoughts on the topic of humor,

what is its content, boundaries, framework, andrey knyshev, gavriil gordeev, me, vladimir ligoyda, we continue, i recently read, one priest says, imagine, a woman comes to him for confession, she says, horror, just, father, a nightmare, what is he saying, what is it, i read, he says, prayers, at this moment the cat falls from the windowsill knocks over the pot flower, she starts laughing, the tank says, well, the cat is not killed, no, it’s okay, flower, no, everything is fine, but he says, what are you repenting of, i can’t, he says, read when i reach these words in this prayer , it hits me, i start laughing, the priest stands, laughs, because she is poor, almost cries, yes, that is, you understand, a person drives himself into a situation where she already sees herself as a terrible blasphemer, but thank god she came across a wise woman, he says: listen, don’t read this prayer for two, three months, yes, then it will pass, that is, you understand, a person can really, this is what we

started with, but with some seriousness, these halftone accents are not at all there to see, it is a matter of feeling.

in dialogues with you, knowing that you think like this, begin to adapt, yeah, it turns out, you encourage him, as a result, in space, when he is with you, he somehow begins to joke, communicate, see things from this angle, then another team leaves , comes back and says: i’m there, my people are strange, they have absolutely no sense of humor, this is what i told you, we laughed, i told them, well , pay attention, they’re kind of stupid...

you always need to check, when you go out into the hall you realize that you’ve cooked something wrong, no one understands, well, this is also a question from the audience right there, but it’s like a lecture, you’re reading, like, just like once, i’m reading now, one similar course, yes, at the same institute, just in different faculties, i have a feeling that students from different planets take me very seriously in one, i’m laughing in another, no, what are you saying right away, no, no, i’m in one, well, somehow i see. interest, they turn on, yes, in the other there is absolutely, absolutely no contact, there was a story about how two lecturers came, in fact, one lecturer, the second artist, they mixed up the halls, and came, which means, accordingly, the comedian came to where we were waiting for a lecture, on the contrary, and he, not a lecturer

, could not understand why the audience was laughing, and accordingly, on the contrary, the comedian did not understand why there was deathly silence and so on from us. three, a lot also depends, but here there is no need to shift everything to the audience, because, of course, that is, i think that in in your hands, the audience that perceives the material more difficultly, you begin to add, twist, i’m just saying that what’s surprising is that these are people of the same age, yes, the same, that is, they are generally of the same course, that is, they are the first course and there are simply different faculties, this is a kind of secret of contact with... audiences, it seems to me that for any audience you can find a contact if you understand the purpose, that is , why you want this contact, look, and also when it wasn't planned what would happen it’s funny, but people, remember, andrei gorovich, you told this amazing story, what is it, it was the last graduation of funny guys, yes, when you got a priest, yes,

yes, it just happened, this is the situation when everything it turned out the other way around, yes, the last episode of the program... yes, on the topic of people's relationships with each other, and the tool for carving out some real emotions from them was filming with a hidden camera, provoked situations, all kinds of crazy characters, some divers, parachutists, ballerinas who run out snowdrifts, there's snow, naked people ringing the doorbell, and so on and so forth, that means, well, it's such a big program, and for some reason i decided then that it would appear... i thought that we just might have an actor, or maybe a real one, a real actor, here ’s one famous person, later he

was the director of the program, he brought a real priest, i won’t hide it, i was generally delighted , there was such a very pleasant atmosphere, an aura, but i realized that i didn’t have turn your tongue, tell him that like now here’s the camera, just tell god, here that is, i intuitively felt that it was impossible, that well... but this, well, somehow it would not be perceived that way ; the audience had not yet matured, and that is, you yourself decided

no, yes, yes, then it was necessary to lead to this differently then, in general, we did the scene once asked to cover it, it failed, no, we always performed in the atrium, suddenly we get an invitation to perform on another stage on a more expensive one, now you’ll understand why we asked to cover it -

topics arise, some jokes on this topic, and so on, but it’s great that it never had to, relatively speaking, directly keep track of this from the point of view that there are some rules, something else, but we have experience in tv series, when we looked at how appropriate or inappropriate this is in a work, but the author himself always wondered about this line, of course, well, it has to be, this self-awareness, as if it should exist anyway.

someone else's pain and that is, a person with the widest possible circle, an absolutely evangelical thought, and it seems to me that i really wanted just during this serious conversation of ours and in our time, when i it seems that this is not obvious at all, when people not only feel pain from someone else’s pain, but they like it when they cause pain to a person, yes, i would really like us to talk about this today and discuss it, it seems to me that this is very important. well, yes, when we laugh at the pain of others, it takes us a little bit into the middle ages. now, a new program will begin.