when it was identified as an independent disease, naturally our curve went up, because diagnostic criteria appeared, but cases of such voluntary refusal of nutrition with a fatal outcome were encountered before, yeah, but now, in principle, body positivity should help a little, that’s all. the criteria don’t really help much and they don’t help much, they introduced it in vain, that’s for sure, no, they introduced it for a reason, but... our statistics are not optimistic yet, well, about body positivity, i have a very difficult impression about whether it will be positive, since olesya touched him when a person with morbid obesity, with any obesity, he is told not to be shy, not to worry about this, and most importantly, there is no need to worry, not to do anything, it’s tragic when a person doesn’t have an arm and they tell him everything is fine, you don’t do anything worse, yes it happened, it’s good, but when a person

is unfortunately told: take everything as it is and don’t do anything about it, it’s terrible, in essence, you know, if we’re talking specifically about overeating syndrome, then the main thing the mechanism that triggers overeating and breakdowns is restrictions, and here it is the same for me the most body positive thing is about the fact that i’m rebuilding this attitude towards myself from the position, i’m terrible, fat and scary, i’m ashamed. i need to do something urgently about this, punishing myself for what i eat, limiting myself, and with words, we all know what words people can call themselves, will not lead to recovery, the emergence of acceptance of the fact that yes, will lead to recovery. this is how i feel now, i don’t scold myself for it, i don’t punish myself, but i, for example, choose to take care of myself, i take care of myself from a position of care, kindness and... this is a complex, complex, of course,

very, very question, because what you described is an ideal situation, ideal, a person realizes at some point, and he wants to continue to live healthy and so on and so on, and based on this , he most likely chooses something healthy, yes, but at first , again, a little sutrutically, but i just don’t need a person to call himself fat, there, or others called him that, my task as a doctor, i can’t for anyone...

considers it his duty to tell what’s wrong with him something is wrong, well, of course, this does not lead to mental balance even once, no, i asked this once when i came into the office, an overweight man, for a long time, i said, sit down, are you complaining about being overweight, he said, no, i’m okay with this, it was much more than 100 kg, since then i haven’t asked the question, are you overweight, what are you complaining about, but further, in my opinion, it still needs to be explained in such a way that don't scare. but give a person a general picture, and he could understand, i would really like our listeners today understood that an eating disorder is a problem, it cannot be treated with care, care needs to be treated, it is very useful in the family, everything else should be referred to a specialist, just let’s take the overeating syndrome associated with eating, yes, that is, a person really, because that a person can have overeating, but at the same time the body mass index is normal, so... here a person

overeats, overeats, overeats, then he somehow weighs a lot, he comes to the doctor, the doctor says: you need to limit yourself in nutrition, or in general, go for bariatric surgery, yes, do bariatric surgery, if already yes, why did the person overeat before, because it was his way of regulating emotions, you can’t just take it, take it away and give nothing in return, we we see it’s very frightening...

again, studies show us that if we take women with a body mass index above 35, whose body mass index has increased as a result of overeating, then 90. there , 2-93% of them have a history of severe trauma , usually sexualized, no, rape, well, psychologically, yeah, and that’s theirs, well, that is, their overeating essentially develops within the framework of post-traumatic stress disorder, you can just stop them from eating, well, in general, what can we do with ptsd, it’s always an interdisciplinary problem, i also always resort to help. psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, otherwise it doesn’t work, taking away one thing, you need to give something else, but overeating can be cured in the end, let’s ask this question, for a woman, yes, i won’t make you happy, yeah, because

it is believed that somewhere around 60% of patients after 5 years begin to break down again, and hypnosis, no, no, no. now the gold standard is a combination of behavioral therapy with cognitive emotional therapy, that is, we work with food diaries, we work with identification triggers that trigger episodes of overeating, we work with those emotions, we teach a person to regulate their emotions differently, not through food, we work with post-traumatic stress disorder, we work with hypnosis with everything - that would be great, yes. everyone really wants to come once, it’s better not to come at all, yes, i’ll just call the doctor on the phone, he’ll tell me something, and i ’ll magically stop eating, no, it doesn’t work like that, it’ll break the spell, yes, well, that’s it history for years, yes, well, yes, let's

complete our, our wonderful program, with us was a candidate of psychological sciences, natalya fomyacheva, and we talked about eating disorders, natalya, thank you very much, thank you, thank you. thank you, hello, this is the podcast baden badon and i presenter konstantin severinov. today our guest is denis lagunov, academician of the russian academy of sciences, deputy director of the gomaleya institute and one of the main developers. sputnik vaccines and today we will talk about vaccines. hello, denis. hello, konstantin. share your thoughts on why, it would seem , after more than 100 years of widespread use of vaccines in medical practice, there are so many doubts about the advisability of their use. is there any answer to this

question? in fact, the question is complex. the first is, well, some kind of medical fact, which definitely needs to be mentioned. let's look at the overall impact of the vaccine. statistics, respectively, there are countries that have greater coverage, less coverage, these differences in the number and number of deaths can be easily calculated, plus statistics from previous years, but the most important thing that i also want to note is that approximately in countries where there is no vaccination, while that there is a vaccine, approximately another million lives are lost according to such

rough estimates, of course, that is which could be prevented as a result of vaccination, but is not prevented, what diseases are we talking about in this case, these are primarily those included in the ncp, kohl, rubella, paraty, that’s all. when we vaccinate a person, even if he is sick, he is not sick with the same covid or flu, he believes that he is healthy if it turns out to be some kind of case, even if there is a one in a million case, yes, approximately the account of modern vaccines, severe adverse reactions, that is

, really very low levels, then even in this case there actually occurs there is a public outcry regarding the issue of vaccination, so we treat the sick, vaccinate the healthy, and this is really... such a guarantee of constant indoctrination about vaccines, well, plus there is still no culture of vaccination in adult society, what does this mean? well, we always vaccinate quite readily. if we had already experienced all this in childhood, since we were in a law-abiding soviet society, the national vaccination calendar affected us and, as far as i understand, it was very difficult to avoid it, well, not for adults we need to vaccinate, you're right, because we get. there is vaccination of older people, it

is also included in the national vaccination calendars, because immunity, you know, there is the concept of imunosine, aging of the immune system, accordingly , an update is required against a number of pathogens of the immune response, that is, boosting its strengthening, that is, streptococcal infection, you know , yes, there is pneumococcus, first of all , hemolius influenza and, of course, influenza, how and whether it is necessary to fight... in general, not a very positive perception in society in in the broad sense of vaccinations and the feeling that as we progress in the twenty-first century, and so on and so forth, it turns out that the level of the population towards this is likely to fall, but unless these are some kind of internet effects, i just want to say, that any development of vaccines in this sense was always accompanied by negativity, if you look at the cartoons of pasteur’s vaccines, he was the first vaccine against rabies. against rabies, if you look at the cartoons of smallpox vaccines, here is the first one, and there, vaccination is what

genera vaccine, then this actually always met with a reaction from society, people were even chained in england, then there were other times, other morals were forcibly vaccinated against smallpox, now it ’s hard to imagine, it was state policy, it was state policy, i have in mind that this is the refractoriness of society, it doesn’t change, i don’t know what it’s about, well, or rather, i can try... today we’re trying to explain what this is connected with, but in fact, it never disappeared, it has always been , there has always been a mistrust of vaccination, what it is based on, that’s what the numbers started saying, one in a million, not one in a million, past vaccines, now they say that past vaccines were good, yes, everyone says that soviet vaccines were made correctly in mind , in particular , your vaccine was made very quickly, it cannot be, but this is actually a ridiculous statement, because, well, here we are now looking. cars, yes, that is, cars there at the end of the 19th century and cars at the beginning of the 21st

century, they are very different, so here are the vaccine technologies that were used there pasteur, koch, there, i don’t know, there are great founding fathers, they are in fact absolutely antediluvian, they were dangerous, but they also brought more benefit than harm, of course, they brought more benefit, this is absolutely certain, even such bad things purified vaccines, at the moment... the regulator of any country in the world, simply by the approval of nucleic acid, local proteins, will not allow a single such vaccine to pass, that is, everything that is being developed before, everything that is being developed again, goes through a huge number of purification stages, for example, about our vaccine, even if we talk, then we, you mean satellite, yes, then we had several stages of filtration, tangential filtration, two chromatography again tangential filtration, two sterile filtration, that is, really. such a quantity, this is actually the main cost of the satellite vaccine - this is the purification system,

so it is like this, it seemed to me that there were critics who said that it was done so quickly that it could not be done well, that is, there was rather criticism, no, this is technology, you and i must understand that the question here is this and the essence of technological platforms is that the technological platform itself has been developed for 40 years, well, you yourself know better, in your institute, in our institute in the world, we naturally do not distinguish ourselves. some kind of separate institute, separate from the world, no, i mean as a scientific platform, over 40 years there were about 400 clinical trial protocols, then there was the use of ibola fever in africa, there were more than 100,000 people who received the vaccine, they received ours several thousand people therefore, in fact , it’s quite funny to say that the technological platform of the russians has not been tested, plus it’s also a pathogen that exists originally in humans. for millions of years with single viruses, and there are no somatic diseases that would be

associated, certainly not for you, just let me remind you that adenavirus is a component of the satellite vaccine, it is not pathogenic in itself, it occurs naturally in many people, and this adenovirus has been modified to carry the coronavirus gene for which the vaccine is produced the answer, it seems i’m correct, absolutely correct, moreover, two areas were removed from him, one... not a very severe human pathogen, that is, which has completely lost the ability to reproduce in humans, that is, initially in humans it does not induce any somatic diseases , no thrombosis, no tumors, nothing, that is , this is huge data, there were even studies when the american army was vaccinated with live adenoviruses of the fourth, seventh type, then on a sample of these military personnel who

were vaccinated for decades, looked at the structure of somatic diseases already in older people. as far as i understand, they are not needed, so there were long-term studies of the effectiveness of the vaccine, which are beyond the horizon, you know, after its development there are 5 years, 10 years, that’s when they remember the good soviet times, they say that the vaccine . absolutely right, there was a completely different story, soviet vaccines, many were, for example, completely attenuated, and you understand that testing an atunited vaccine is ataniated, this is when it remains weakened, this is residual pathogenicity , and there were examples, including with influenza vaccines, when strains of this arose, returned, there was a reversion to the wild

pathogenic phenotype, genotype, such a vaccine of old generations, it can cause. the same disease against which , well, in particular, the flu vaccine, modern flu vaccines, they have already learned to avoid this, they have made subunit vaccines, and a live vaccine, there are certain cold-adaptive mutants, mutations that do not allow reproduction at normal temperature of the human body, that is, now modern vaccines are much safer than what was before, you are my best friend’s wife, give without hysterics, at first i naturally was on the girl’s side, but when i began to understand, there were many dubious details, if you stay with me, he’s an amazing person, very modest, i immediately felt that something was wrong with him, that you were pestering me, i really want to know the truth, yes, we are lovers, you still look there take a closer look at who it could be, let's go to paris next week,

fortune teller from monday on the first. “why is it taking so long, maybe there are some problems? tatana mikhailovna said, every woman in the soviet union should love stirlitz, but not so much as to leave her husband. she always treated the actors very carefully, she could literally kill this man in general, just so that they didn’t touch the actors, days pass without you, it didn’t happen again, how can you compare a carnival.”

let's move away from russian data accordingly, let's take argentinean data, they are on in fact, transparent, transferable absolutely also to the russian population, out of a million, just over a million doses , one single severe, serious undesirable effect was reported, it was in a woman, in my opinion it was somehow connected with the situation with the blood clot, yes with thrombus formation, the case was, in my opinion , non-lethal, non-lethal, that is, it was one report in a million, that is, if we compare it with any other vaccine.

if 100 million people were vaccinated in our country, well, you don’t even have to break it down into different vaccines, let's not do that, but imagine that 100 people were vaccinated, 100 million were vaccinated, what do you think is the effect in terms of lives saved? and this

is very easy to answer, this is a question that actually lies on the surface, you just need to break it down again into three parts: protection from infection, protection from hospitalization, protection from death, death, probably, yes, that’s right, absolutely it’s true, everything else can be added in one way or another, but hospitalization is not really for...

died in the group of unvaccinated people , in my opinion, there were 6,000, more than 10 times more than 10 times died in the group of vaccinated people, and we need to take into account that in fact, it’s even more difficult , in fact, we need to take into account that no matter how uniform the vaccination of the population turned out, it didn’t work out, that is, it’s not for me to introduce coefficients it seems 99.00 versus 6.000 on the same sample of people are speakers.

in a sense, history, although not entirely, but you are probably using the adnoviral platform to create new vaccines, here they are, what kind of vaccines are these, each of them will also need to be pushed through with such efforts in order for it to be recognized, well, in any case , efforts will be needed, i am absolutely sure of this, the only thing is that if there is an even greater mortality rate, not 1-2%, but i would like this, you know, there is this disease x, for example, you are not working on disease x, well, this is hypothetical.

we need to work on vaccines against pathogens that already exist, because when we talk about coronavirus, even covid-19, it already existed, in fact we today we can work on creating canned vaccines, which means we are creating a vaccine of a high degree of readiness, bringing it to, for example, the second stage of clinical trials, that is, we need to create vaccines against existing potentially dangerous viruses. using platforms that are not necessarily single-virus, you can use, in addition to single-virus and subunit, different platforms, i’m not for

the whole world to go crazy and do only. there must be different vaccines, and most importantly, they will have a different mechanism, for bacterial drugs, but is available for bacterial pathogens, the single-viral platform is less suitable than for viral ones, so there are rather subunit technologies, there are technologies, but why are bacteria still fundamentally different from viruses, that is, why antibiotics cannot solve problems bacterial infections, but let bacteriologists deal with it, but no, well, antibiotics partially solve the problems of bacterial infections, of course, but not all. there are bacteria that initially flow during evolution they lived together with the same active cetes, fungi, coexisted in the soil, they have natural resistance mechanisms and they use, in general, these natural resistance mechanisms, they also exchange these natural mechanisms with each other, these super-resistant strains actually sometimes contain plasmids and genetic elements of resistance to try to solve the problem of multiple lectures.

there are approximately 30 pathogens there, that is, such planned work is being carried out, if there is a deliberate one, not a deliberate one, it doesn’t matter skid, we just have to be prepared, well, besides, if we are talking about platform solutions, they allow, having been checked for safety in everything, to quickly change the filling accordingly, quickly change genes , and make a vaccine against a pathogen that is not included in any lists , therefore, but it will still need to be researched, to prove its effectiveness, and

this is either or do you think? no, canned vaccine, under no circumstances, under no circumstances, thanks for the question, everything should be handled as follows at least until the second phase of clinical trials, what does this mean, this means the entire preclinic, including primates, that is, this is safety plus effectiveness in primates, safe, naturally in other species of animals, and then the clinic that reaches, we are convinced that the vaccine is safe and effective , we are entering the first, second phase, we can preserve such a vaccine with a high degree of readiness. in my opinion, why can we preserve, because imagine a list of 30 pathogens, we need to conduct 30 studies of the third phases, and you can do this in your center, well, no one in the world can do this, because you are the third phase - this is in endemic conditions, that is, you have to go to the center and collect statistics there, you know, yes, that is, you should junin, fever or guanarites, you must fly somewhere to argentina in argentina to collect statistics of the third phase in the conditions

there of some kind of ring vaccination. these studies are all carried out in collaboration with the ministry of defense, that is, this is definitely not happening in moscow, not in the center moscow, in certain territories, yes, of course, but this is actually prohibited, there is simply a special decree that moscow, yes, yes, well , in general in large cities, in moscow for sure, in particular, it is forbidden to work with the first pathogenicity group in the city, within the city limits city, so this

is happening tens or hundreds of kilometers from moscow. this is the podcast baden baden, i am its host konstantin severinov, and today we are discussing vaccination, that is, you have 30, well, let’s assume that there are 30, well , let’s say, 30 pathogens that are, well representatives of some large group of related viruses, not related, but no, each of them is, representatives of some kind and you for each of these, for each of these groups, more than me... understand what needs to be done, the same way as in the case of coronaviruses, yes, one of which was sarskov-2, yes, in this sense, are you ready? for most known viruses, of course, we are ready, yes, yes, but not for all, moreover, when you say, a new virus will come, we were lucky with covid, we knew what to take and what to put in, plus, you understand that mobilization of the resources of the whole country allows this to be carried out; it doesn’t make sense there that nine women cannot give birth to a child in

a month. not in this sense, but when you build the entire regulatory system, government regulations 441 and so on, mobilize production resources, this one helped you, it was just like mobilizing the military and...

this is of course, well, a bit of a scandalous situation, yes , after all, after all, here you are, you said that this always happens, well, i heard there was a case with measles, of course, that’s right here, the price of effort, yes anti-vaxxers, of course, and

measles is some kind of new vaccine, but no, of course, measles is a vaccine, more the good, kind, old, proven vaccine, of course, that’s the only thing that people they don’t understand that measles is much more contagious, that is... cases, but those of us who are vaccinated, they turn out to be resistant for life, what is the situation? yes, rather, this is a big positive, measles has exactly 12-18 due to the fact that it is very highly contagious, it is ensured precisely due to another

reception, that is, there is really a very high-feed interaction there, like a key in a lock, so all the virus-neutralizing antibodies that block this interaction are really there, well, inactivating, that is , immunity can be induced there for life, because the interface is like an antibody with an antigen hard with high affinity, but with covid it’s not like that, with covid completely, in the case of measles, which is now more rumored than covid, that is, the fact that there is still an outbreak is because the measles virus has become different or because that vaccines don’t work or why is this all happening? no, initially, it was because there was not enough coverage of people, that is , in order to block the spread of measles in the population, it was necessary to maintain 90%, there was a whole bunch of very... smart, cunning people who were not talking about our country , about all the countries in which outbreaks occurred , there are now outbreaks of kuri in ukraine in other countries, it appears, well, either the government pays less attention, or, accordingly, the population begins to be cunning here

this favorite story is that i didn’t vaccinate my child and he didn’t get sick, you understand that i didn’t vaccinate, he didn’t get sick at the expense of other children, other children were vaccinated, you provided a ninety percent immune layer, then you... in such a situation there is no place for measles to spread, but once measles is on the national schedule, right? of course, it has always been, which means that it is in some sense inevitable, or or the fact that something is there. in the national calendar does not mean that a child is required vaccinate, if he does not have a medical outlet, he must be vaccinated against measles, so everything that is included in the national vaccination calendar is mandatory vaccinations, that is , i have to do it, but i may not do it, yes, this is exactly what led to that situations with measles, and of course, as soon as you have a window of opportunity for the virus, just imagine, you give it purely evolutionary space, mutations naturally arise, as it happened, for example, with covid - this is very clear, well, yes, it was all there, but maybe...

runs there, well, immunity, so for now there is no reliable data confirming this, but maybe monitoring of this is happening, monitoring is carried out even at the level of the health department, i’m not part of the moscow health department, but i know that moscow is sensitive to this , and genetic monitoring is carried out precisely of those variants that are identified in us, and if god forbid something new happens, then there is a calendar, a national vaccination calendar, it is something that is already cast in bronze and exists all the time.

no need, there are schemes, in fact they are more likely associated with age not with a change in the quality of the drug, that is, well, for example, you were vaccinated with a polysaccharide vaccine, yes, that is, which was the original one, then a conjugate one appeared, you have reached a certain age , for example, a sixty-five-year-old, any sane doctor will recommend to you, let’s boost, you will be boosted with an already improved natural drug, well, so that you can be re-vaccinated on top of the old one. this is probably not what happens with the flu,

yes, for example, we all know that the flu is changing, make a separate podcast, because this is an endless topic, immunity acquired as a result of a disease or as a result of vaccination, these are generally comparable things, in the case of covid it was very active, it was also discussed , that i ’m already sick, why should i, for example, get vaccinated, of course there are differences, the difference, i think, is primarily in the cellular link of immunity and simply much more. clones, cells, what is better, getting sick or vaccinating? no, that's not the question here in general, of course, it is better to get vaccinated in any case, and even if over time you encounter a pathogen there will be a certain morbidity there, then it is certainly not comparable to the fact that when you have a clean slate and you get sick initially, that is, this it’s not even a question, but no, after having been ill, the vaccine then makes sense, then in essence you have been vaccinated, when you get ill you are vaccinated. on the contrary, we studied

the appearance of antibodies, that is, the maturation of antibodies that occurs throughout life, there, two or three times contact certainly forms a much more reliable immune memory, that is, absolutely incomparable feedness, interaction strength, that is, it is actually similar to boosting, the levels in argentina were actually a very good study, they are unprincipled people there, they are absolutely everything vaccines were introduced, they needed...

to what extent do the antibodies that are formed after 180 days, when you have two contacts or one contact, differ in how much they provide virus neutralization, much higher, if several of them are better, they recognize the virus better and thereby protect you better from infection, that is, the dry residue turns out to be such that, going back to these blessed soviet times, which many people talk about, i think there were such special posters there, yes, who called for vaccination, there was a cartoon about ...

yes, sometimes in one case in a million he makes a mistake, in general he starts doing things that are not very good, but this is really very rare, that is, if we take the additional cost of the vaccine there program, then approximately one case per million is added to some autoimmune complications - to those cases that are normal in the population, for example, normally in the population there are from two to twenty cases per million, plus one if you are conducting a mass the vaccine program, what is there according to statistics is real. a very small increase is due to the effect of immunity, but if we look at the mortality rate from the same covid, this is one case per 100, and in an amicable way, if we also count covid-associated deaths, then these are two cases per hundred, that is, you get four orders of magnitude difference, if we sit down to play this game, purely mathematically, you will never win me, i will have

four orders of magnitude, the probabilities of an advantage over any of your combinations, so it’s like they’re asking to vaccinate do not vaccinate, but if you have studied mathematics four at least a little. order - this is a big difference of 10,000 times. it was the baden baden podcast. we spoke with the deputy director of the gomaleya institute, academician and one of the main the developers of the russian vaccine sputnik, denis lagunov, about vaccines, the development of new vaccines, whether it is worth getting vaccinated and what side effects there are from the vaccine, what are the beneficial effects of the vaccine, how many lives do they save. you can find the episode of the badden badden podcast on the channel one website. hello everyone, this is a free

program podcast, i’m maxim tronkov, our guest is maestro ilya overbukh. ilya, hello. hello. first of all, thank you for... strength, because i always enjoy watching this quiet time at night, when you really dig deep for sincere answers, everyone here in this chair opens up very much, and i was waiting for this invitation, honestly, when it came, i pushed everything out there, immediately jumped up, now the federation pays a lot of attention to the development of the artistic side skating among athletes, that is, in principle, now your field for activity is right... open, there are a lot of requests, they ask a lot of coaches, they call and ask to put on programs? well, quite a lot, quite a lot, and in general i'm like that i’m proud that there are many programs and sports programs in general, with which the guys won, including when zhenya medvedeva and i -