how turbulent and lawless that era was in essence, yes, i would still take the coup against paul i out of the equation, because in contrast to this, we will now talk about this, the clan nature of the palace coups that took place from 1725 to 1762 year, the coup against pavel is still different, because pavel managed to anger an entire social stratum, not individual clans. paul really angered most of the nobility who either participated in the coup. or greeted him joyfully, well, if you remember, so to speak, minshikov, well, the very beginning of the accession of catherine i, then here foreigners fully supported menshikov and catherine, although their influence was already quite large, well, after the era of peter the great, when a lot of foreigners were invited, they were already closer to the throne, but in fact, they themselves...

his they valued both as a diplomat and as a person knowledgeable in internal affairs, a very interesting episode to characterize ostarman himself, when there was a vacuum of power, at the same time, which means this was the case when it loomed, so to speak. hung over

the figure of peter, the grandson, but he had not yet been proclaimed sovereign, which means that asterman was looking for different options, finally suggested the option of marrying this peter to the future empress elizabeth petrovna, who was his aunt, the age difference there was more than significant, a teenager peter and.. . already an adult, that is, a person devoid of any special boundaries in general, well, for that time, especially for the german principalities , a normal story, for those times, of course, all this, so, this same osterman, it means he was present at the event. this meeting supreme leaders, he supported dmitry galitsin when he proposed the candidacy of anna ianovna, that’s when... to discuss the conditions

limiting the power of the future empress, he, under the pretext that he had an aggro , he ran away from this council, but at the same time, it means as i write, witnesses write, he went to bed, was covered with plasters and lotions on all sides, but at the same time developed vigorous activity, with a pen in his hand. this means that in all his letters he convinced everyone that the autocracy needed to be preserved absolutely in complete integrity, well , first of all, he naturally wrote to anna iannovna herself in metava, but he, in fact, contributed, so to speak, to ensuring that the guards supported anna ianovna, so anna ianovna, even having signed all these conditions, she returning to russia, she knew very well. that she had support,

that’s why she came and tore everything up, so we remember, now we’ve already mentioned several times, in my opinion, the name of beron, but here everyone knows the word beronovschina, the very concept of beronovschina, well, in some way... then degrees, here, for example, a well-respected pre-revolutionary encyclopedic dictionary writes, according to osterman, a cabinet of ministers was established, in which all the initiative belonged to him, and his opinion almost always prevailed, so asterman should be entirely credited with the actions of the cabinet at that time, this is not about beron, and ostarman, and here again there is such a paradox, in my opinion, it means that...

and he ruled russia, well, if you believe this dictionary, witty, well, beron was still not the closest person, and osterman, a clever intriguer, then without this, they can stay in power it was impossible, he still received all the sanctions for his actions from biron, as for the cabinet of ministers, it was actually the restored supreme privy council, just him for trying with the standards of anna. dissolved, but some kind of authority, such a central authority, still had to exist, and accordingly this role began to be played by the cabinet of ministers, created, accordingly, already under her, especially since anna herself was not very interested in state affairs, it was her the name was ruled by other people, primarily beron, after all, as he wrote

minich's son, ernst, will leave very interesting memories, her heart, that is, anna, was filled with generosity, generosity of condolences, but her will almost always depended more on... that not only would she order all her actions according to his thoughts in the most subtle way, but also nor on earth had she deprived herself of her freedom until that moment; she could not do without him for a single moment. it must be said that she had this inability to exist without a man next to her before, with her before beron was pyotr bestuzhev, ambassador in metave. a...

then - here is the story, of course, with anna leopoldovna with the elimination of biron. anna leopoldovna was in russia from the age of five, from 1723, she was brought up in general in russia, the woman was generally quite simple-minded, uh, unlike anna, completely non-cruel, uh, who, in general, appreciated and, apparently, loved her husband anton ulerich of brunswick, in august of the fortieth year she gave birth to a son, ivan, who was proclaimed heir.

i was a little scared, and then i thought, what if this is sincere? nina grigorievna approaches from different sides, he says: i think i’m doing something wrong, snow is falling on the beach. i have a feeling that somewhere out there the papanov are now preparing for an appearance, orosiev’s stage will come out with fireworks, andrei mironov will definitely come out, when your duet with mikhail derzhavin took shape, well, count 10 years, you have a couple of psychologists visiting you, how hard it is to be

an artistic handicraft, he says, an artistic handler, maxik, this is a whipped gingerbread, but when the whip is in the hands of the gingerbread. on saturday at the first, and they also say, don’t believe in fate, jackpot, guy, you know how reliable he is, three bedroom apartment. and divorced, by the way, loves everything unusual, i want you to stay, a week of this peacock, you know, and already with him you’re jealous, but no, i just don’t like him, and you don’t like him, i should like him, and in our yard on sunday first, businessman, three-room apartment, financially secure, cross-country skis. and we continue, today our topic is palace coups in russia. minikh was a careerist,

certainly a scandalous person, he quarreled with everyone he could. and of course, he decided to bait biron. he persuaded anna leopoldovna, who, one might say, was subjected to apale by biron, crept into their confidence, although it was he and storman who petitioned for the appointment of beron as regent under the young ivan. and accordingly, on november 9, 1940 he spoke out against biron.

thus, it means that they got involved in all these matters, but it was not yet such, what can be called outside influence, now the coup of 1741, elizabeth petrovna, here already a trace, so to speak, of outside influence can be traced very clearly, among the main persons who influenced the events were

he had a wonderful time and he even tried to talk to anna leopoldovna, but she rejected all this, saying that this could not be, because elizaveta petrovna is my friend, and in general she is not a very decisive person, which is true, which was true, but she did not take into account the energy of lestocq, who, well, according to memories, according to stories, he came to elizaveta petrovna, who was still hesitating and... brought her two drawings, one depicted elisabeth in a crown, in

the other drawing she was depicted in a cell in a monastic robe, well, he told her, in general, choose, either you are on the throne, or you will be there, all your comrades-in-arms and gentlemen will be brought to the scaffold, well, my personal point of view is that...

and the only one, who seriously tried to resist them, we have already mentioned this to you, is alexey petrovich bestuzhev, he was the chancellor then, after all. after much effort, he managed to intercept one of the dispatches, so to speak, shitardi, when he read this dispatch without being on duty, he immediately, naturally , showed it, brought it, showed it to elizabeth, there a very unflattering description of the empress herself was given, but the most important thing was that in this dispatch shitardi wrote about

the bribes that were given by people ... from elizabeth’s entourage, he wrote that here is a leaflet, the leaflet needs a salary increase, i i don’t know what’s more important to elizaveta petrovna, her personal description is so negative, or the fact that in the same dispatch shitardi asked for money to bribe church officials, church representatives and even the empress’s personal confessor, well, in general... this story is over naturally, shitardi expelled from the country, the leaflet was sent into exile, speaking of foreign influence, we can take a small step back, you mentioned that you warned anna leopoldovna of prince anton ulrich about the coup, the british warned, and they sent a message in which they generally outlined in detail the nature of

the coup, that france, in order to support the plans, respectively, plans for ... undertook to pay 2 million crowns, means that it was prompted by the news received from the swedish ambassador in st. petersburg that a large party had formed in russia, ready take up arms for the enthronement of the grand duchess elizabeth petrovna, that this plan conceived was finally settled between him by the agents of the grand duchess with the help of the french ambassador marquis of chétardy, yes, that all negotiations between them and the grand duchess were conducted through the french surgeon, lestocq, yes, being with her. since childhood, the english ambassador finch handed it all to asterman and anton ulrich, they agreed, nodded their heads, did nothing, in general it should be noted that in those days there were no velvet coups, velvet coups it wasn’t, every coup had its victims, like ioan antonovich, who was imprisoned as a baby, and

then died. there is an opinion that in the conditions of... this absolutism, autocratic absolutism, these palace coups, they served as a kind of, well, relatively speaking, whistle in the steam boiler, that is, they somehow corrected everything - if not the relationship between the power of the people there, these are exaggerations, but at least the power of the noble class, klyuchevsky... writes that the noble class received the opportunity to dispose of the throne several times and began to transform from a simple government instrument into the ruling class, throwing off their former state duties one after another, but without losing their previous rights and even acquiring new ones, all of

their privileges, he emphasizes, the nobility acquired not entirely legal orderly, revolutionary...

but not so much as to leave her husband, she always treated the actors very carefully, she could directly kill this person in general only so that the actors would not be touched, without you days pass, but it hasn’t happened again. well, is it possible to compare the carnival there or 17 moments of spring or 17 moments of spring in tritopol on ivy? she looked with such key

eyes as she knew how to do it, she looked like that , she said: i don’t need a habzon, but she broke me, she simply broke me, she is a great woman, a wonderful fantastic director, i am grateful to fate that i had the honor of working with her,

catherine’s last , well, here, too , it is absolutely obvious that the influence is foreign, english, it’s just that in this case, it is closely communicated with the english envoy henbury williams, and received money, and he gave her advice, she thanked him for these advice, for his help, the only thing is that the overall result of the reign of catherine i

is assessed positively in our national history, so in general - then they prefer not to remember how she came to power, and she also came to power with foreign help, so to speak, not without outside influence. catherine's coup, of course...

from the palace to one of the pavilions, which was on the outskirts, it was an ideal position, she formally, she seemed to be removed from political life, although she received all the information necessary, and then this place was so ideal, because from there , if something happened, you could either flee abroad, or go to the capital and make a coup, and so she was there and suddenly galloped up. one of the orlov brothers alexey, that means, with the news that one of the conspirators, posteg, was detained, well, as

it turned out later, he didn’t let it slip, but there was a threat, and, well, any conspiracy, they go there, so to speak, on the edge of a knife, if anything becomes known, then the plot may fail, well, in general, in short, god knows what was going on in catherine’s head at that moment, but of the two options, to run away or vice versa, to play for aggravation, she chose the second option, they, she sat down into the carriage of alexei orlov, they rushed towards the capital, but since alexei himself had already driven the horses in order to quickly arrive in petergov, the horses simply got halfway. got up, they were exhausted, and there was an extremely unpleasant moment, we somehow don’t remember about it, in fact, they were rescued by a simple christian

cart, they... got on it and drove on, only then they were met by another brother, the orlovs, grigory, they got into the carriage and drove to the barracks of the izmailovsky regiment, and then everything went, so to speak, more or less according to plan, so here is an accident, it is also very important in all these historical events, there was quite a lot of chance, including the very fact of simply meeting catherine with... the orlovs, the already mentioned evgeniy anisimov quotes from frederick ii of prussia. he spoke about the coup on june 28, 1762: the plot was crazy, poorly composed. peter ii was ruined by the fact that, despite the advice of the brave minich, he did not have sufficient courage. he allowed himself to be overthrown from the throne, like a child who is sent to bed. however, added frederick ii. catherine cannot be charged with either honor or crimes in this coup. she was

young, weak, a foreigner, the day before.

the peak of his mother, but this was one of the few decisions of his that survived his reign, one episode was when paul was abroad, they had to play in the theater, where hamlet was invited, and as you know, the actor refused to play, saying that then there would be two hamlets in the hall, yes, yes, yes, so, pavel, of course, with his attempts to imitate peter i, to introduce back some medieval knightly traditions , this is at the end of

the 18th century.

russia west is on the swing of history, study history with us. you can watch all episodes of the russia west podcast on the swing of history on the channel one website.

hello, you are watching precious stories, my name is ekaterina varkan, in the anniversary year of lermontov we will talk about lermontov and it is not at all strange that our guest today is mikhail yuryevich lermontov. mikhail yuryevich, not only a complete teska, but also a relative of our great poet, and today is still the owner of the serednyakov estate, which is located in the near moscow region. you and lermontov are representatives of the same thing. root, but different branches, who was the first scottish russian lermunt? the first scot who came to russian soil was georgi lermunt, it was 1613, the entire lermunt family comes from this

george vermont, and mikhail yuryevich together i have one ancestor with me, his great-grandfather, my four times great-grandfather. this is one ancestor in this branch, but there are a lot of branches, so here are great-grandchildren and a nephew, this is enough, enough to be identified in genealogical proportions, in general , scottish russian lermants have been in the service in russia since 1613, now lives in the middle peasantry, this is near moscow the estate's

true purpose is the memorial power that has been preserved here since the time of mikhailavich lermantov's stay here. mikhayovich lermantov at 14, 15, 16 years old srednikovo became a poet, and a real poet at that, it was here that he wrote more than 100 poems, four poems, here he uttered sacred words, guys, we are not from moscow, we will die near moscow, this is where it began. lermantov borodino, it was here that lermontov communicated with the peasants who participated in the battle of borodino, but at the same time you also need to know that lermontov had eight uncles

who participated in the battle of borodino and he spent a long time communicating with his penza stolypins, who were heroes of the battle of borodino, and serednyakov’s owner is also a hero. grandmother's brother is there, these are all stalipeds, they are all grandmother's brothers, owned uh, exactly the grandmother's brother to whom they came, but they came with their grandmother to the widow, the widow, because stolypin participated in the events of december 25, and as they say, we don’t know the specific reason, but it was precisely at this moment when the investigation of the reasons was underway. he passed away, unfortunately, but the memory of him remains, dmitry alekseevich tolypin, the owner of the serednyakov estate for that period. i know it means that you built the estate, reconstructed, although it was in

state ownership, you did all this with family funds, your own money, these are family values, this is responsibility for your family, because this is a place that is already answering this question. this is a sacred place where people from all over russia gather to pay tribute to the memory of the great lermont, and the further, the more great he becomes, because you and i have already discussed when vladimir vladimirovich was visiting senzin pin in syamna , university, he led him to the bust lermontov said that this is my favorite russian poet, and his poem paros is a symbol. our common movement into the future, imagine that the secretary of the chinese communist party, which has 100 million people, the general secretary, says that lermantov is his favorite poet, and how many times we meet with

our chinese comrades, they often come here, they all read lermanov's sail in chinese in russian, so i feel that the chinese will kidnap lermontov from us? roots from scottish wild branches, although

it must also be said that it turned out to be impossible to confirm this genetic connection with lerbantov, because for this we need to take a sample of mikhalyevich’s remains, and about 10 years ago in tarkhany we did very convincing work that we were allowed to bury him in a christian manner in the same crypt, in which he was buried, but...

he built starov, but there seem to be no documents, but still here is the main ensemble - it was built under him, then i remember there that there were some factories, factories under him there were greenhouses, a lot of things, and there were very a beautiful park, in fact so unusual, it seems like the middle zone, and the moscow region, but when you pass some kind of exotic, maybe due to the water there, lake ponds, some ravines, in general complete exoticism, that is, in in principle, here for...

an extravagant lady, but to make it clear to the audience, she built the sandune and the petrovsky passage, well, just to make it clear, she was the first woman realtor in russia, that this is not, well, just a bad thing, she had 40 properties in moscow, so well, that’s 40 properties - that’s as if you never know what kind of property there is, and this is... well, those are also not very poor, no, she was a unique woman, she lived there before the revolution, then during the revolution, when the estate was expropriated, she succeeded under the guise of a theater worker together with chaliapin, go to france, in principle, at a minimum she should have been appointed head of the department of culture, i have a feeling, well, actually speaking from vera ivanovna’s investments, it means she was a girl. besides being exalted, extravagant, she was friends

with many famous creative people, we mentioned sholyapinov, rachmaninov, valentin sirov, then it’s also interesting, in addition to the baths and petrovsky passage, vera ivanovna built the fersanovka stop, built a highway road there to make it convenient to travel, and excuse me, in soviet times they didn’t rename it, it’s in memory of the merchant’s wife, who would know, it’s generally wonderful, the memory of the merchant’s wife, she really honored it, which means... everyone comes to the singer of sadness and love, no, but she also, look, she also ordered a lampshade in oval hall, very

beautiful, based on a demon, this is also unique, yes, then she ordered a bust, which means... i'll tell you, we went through it, it was all - the main entrance in this, yes, but during the war they made a stable of hooves there horses, half were destroyed when we arrived, we took out all these uh tiles and

laid them out again, then the mirror is also original, as far as i know, it’s also standing at the entrance, that’s how it is, but you can look.

fantastic, tomorrow on the first day, for the ninetieth birthday of alexander shirvint, go laugh in the garden with your young man, well let's go to the garden, to the garden, boat, fresh air, only the sun, only the sky and the river, manmarantsia, manmarancy, call me hares. there will be no beefsteaks, there will be pancakes, dear lady, forgive the tactlessness of my friends, why is it with strings, it’s very fashionable, they are from dampness, you, you and you, and i, well, okay,

and you, lady, that’s it, what are you singing about? are you in the garden yet? no, go to the garden, you will sing there, you will listen there, three in a boat, not counting the dog, on saturday, on the first, well here, i think it’s very important to note martynov, nikolai solomonovich, who is famous not only, lived nearby. his friend in those years, but also like his killer, mikhailich, who killed in a duel, they were friends in their youth, and went to each other, went, i am confident, among these ladies who were in serednyakov, they came there, just like lirmutov, came to them at their estate, which is only 15 km away.