mm, it included very different writers, all of them, ivanov, konstantin fedin, mikhail slanimsky, lev luns, early, lev luns, veniamin kaverin, some had a very, well , such a happy fate, yes, they kaverin, for example, everyone knows him as the author of two captains, although he is much broader than just the author of this novel, but still, mash, how could this happen, i still don’t have a very clear idea of ​​it.

it went against ideology, how could this be? because it was still the twenty -first year, and he really loved the seropionov brothers gorky looked after them, and he was a figure of great stature, he looked after everyone in a positive sense, and gorky is a patent for nobility, babel, and i think that this is also connected with the fact that none of them were in the ranks of the white guard, they were young, they wrote, at least they... had, it seems to me, an idea, like zoshchenko, to create new literature for a new reader, for zoshchenko this was especially important with the revolution, and in general, he himself wrote about this, that i was temporarily replacing the proletarian writer, and the seropion brothers, this is an association that was named after guffman's work, yes, they are absolutely independent of any competition, they are free artists, yes, but each brother has his own name, each one bears...

because our podcast works in different formats, few of you, dear interlocutors, know the history of the party, know what congresses there were, when they were, well, i remember that , i remember what happened there, this, well, if in the language of banal formulas, then this is the introduction of the nepa, yes, the new economic policy, and several utopias were canceled, in 17, in in the eighteenth year it seemed that a world revolution was about to happen, we had to go, a march on paris, on europe.

merchants, these were peasants until the sixty-first year, serfs, these were townspeople and cossacks or cossacks, whatever you like, here are the six estates, each with its own destiny, yes, cossacks, army and borders, nobles, management, well, merchants, big business, townspeople, small business, whoever is left, clergy, culture and morality, etc., suddenly everything gets mixed up, here is an aristocrat, for example, why take her to the theater? yes, it seems to me that just when nep came, it became very clear, firstly, this stratification, that there are nepmen, and there are proletarians, these real people, on whose behalf, zovshchenko said, they did not have their own.

i was completely confused, old culture, new culture, you have to take a woman to the theater to buy a cake, but she wants four, she wants four, in the story, if i'm not mistaken, the delights of culture, a proletarian goes to the theater, he has a ticket, but it turns out that he needs to pay 20 kopecks to the cloakroom attendant, and he has them...

now it's not the good side of the revolution, yes, such a very problematic one, this is his man, and it seems to me that this is why his stories were so popular, because they show how difficult it is to exist now. for this proletarian in this new soviet who suddenly understands that he is the king of gods, yes, that's it, that's the whole point, remember how firs in chekhov shortly before the revolution says that grief has come, yes, trouble, the abolition of serfdom, for him grief and trouble, because up to

this point everything was clear, everything was laid out, put in its place, then suddenly everything is mixed up, the nepmans are also new rich people, yes, the old ones are gone, almost gone.

readers still don't know what is more important, palon grigoriev palon grigoriev or the blog, this book is also the heyday of the time we are talking about, the sixteenth year, a year before the revolution, the block has almost fallen silent, although it will be 12 at the beginning of the eighteenth year, suddenly opens apollon grigoriev, who is now one of the pillars for any person who loves literature, and a theater critic who discovered ostrovsky as a poet. and most importantly, the creator of the concept of organic critics, well, that is

, contemporaries are looking in very different directions at this time, someone is aimed forward, someone is looking for and catching those instant changes that mean major changes, someone is looking into the past and strives in the past, like alexander blok, to catch the eternal, to catch the music of the revolution, to catch the era... there is, among other persistent such mythological stories, the popularity of zozchenko

among women, we will omit this, because the wonderful marriage and ascetic life of vera vladimirovna, well, as if all this is crossed out and these conversations are insignificant, here the fact that he is the most published writer or one of the most published with high royalties, and this is as far as reality corresponds, well, really in the twenty -ninth year, a six-volume... a famous mythological story that when a tram passed by his house

, the zodchiva rossi stop, they often announced , making a reservation, the zoshchenko rossi stop and really he knew without the internet, the whole country knew him, photographs were sold everywhere, well, that is, it was simply a truly wild popularity, which yes, it brought problems, including , how dare you leave me, we had an affair, wrote to him. yes, i was not there , i don’t remember, and how many sons he had, i think that yes, lieutenant schmidt, i mean, of course, of course, that’s clear, well , a good parallel, because really, well, a little earlier, 10-15 years ago, the tradition of poetry performances began, literary public ones, not evenings for their own, but touring ones, yes, balmon, a northerner, already in the 1910s, well, later, the maginists, yessenin and maringov, but we also went to the festival with a tour practically yes the experience was unsuccessful,

obviously, it is worth admitting, yes, well, but nevertheless, nevertheless, imagine on tour, i don’t know, there turgenev or tyuchev, who goes to count the elements somewhere in tambov, well it’s strange to imagine, zoshchenko was really phenomenally popular, he had high circulations, 25,000, 15,000, several reprints, and at the same time they still stood. back in the early twenties, when he began to publish these collections, one of his friends said that here zoshchenko writes some nonsense, but at the same time he is terribly proud of the demand and huge print runs, that is, it was important for him that he has this new reader, and the reader approves of him with his ruble, goes, votes with his ruble, buys books, i can understand him, right?

laughing, but they will take steps to change, because remember all these phrases, i feel sorry for the person, who are you laughing at, that it still works, were you close to death? and several times, i lived in a cruel, difficult and magnificent time, and in spite of everything, with the best days of my life are connected with my work in intelligence, we burn everything behind us, you and i will cope, because i worked for the good of the motherland, fulfilling my duty, the duty of a patriot of russia, dmitry bystroletov, an outstanding intelligence officer , an unsurpassed master of recruitment,

a courageous man who did not break under the blows of fate, in the camps i quickly stopped ... a genius of reincarnation, a recruiter on saturday on the first, stop, here, i said, go, uh, here , go, go, tell them, what are you doing, what are you doing, so,

come on, quickly move away from here, volodya, here, take the money, please. it's all my fault, i'm guilty, i'm guilty of everything, take the money, buy a car, fix the new one or the old one, alon, no, what are you saying? i beg you, just take the money, just don't call the police, they'll kill me, you know, and in our yard on sunday on the first, oh, and how's scarlet, the car is being repaired, i 'll explain everything later, no from one bus, so what? guys, let's go to the movies, and as we agreed, oops, and this is my employer, let's meet, hello, i'm alena, hello, in the new season one, we were auditioned for chort gracheva today, great, yura, you

definitely need to sing, come on, you should sing, what a unique gift you have, you hit such notes, too? if it weren't for this choir, we would never have met, if i see you with this person again, i'll tell my father everything, you're mine, you're my wife, what do you want, give me back these 15 years, i thought everything would be easy, i wanted fame, remember, gorachev and his choir shouldn't be on song of the year, sing so that the sun rises,

choir, premiere. serial film soon on first. soviet times they talked about satire. soviet satire, it scolds those who live incorrectly, if someone here and there among us sometimes, as they sang later, much, in one tv series, does not want to live honestly and so on. now, isn't it strange, isn't there a paradox here, because , relatively speaking, fat, thin or chameleon, i mean chekhov's characters, right? they won't buy those stories where they are above them, where they are exposed, where they are nailed to the pillar of satire and so on, that is, in satire there is always some kind of distance between who utters some moral truths and to those who are ridiculed as a primitive person, as an insufficient person, this is

all from the 16th century, here we have a paradox, no, the heroes who are ridiculed... and that on the one hand he tells on behalf of this new proletarian person, who does not have his own voice, he gives this voice, but he is not, this is the point, and this

distance is still preserved, he cannot become a real proletarian writer, because he is not a proletarian, that is, the distance - it still exists, it leads first to the blue book, yes, where a large form is sought, because zochchenko, well, like chekhov, like... with the people, and he is not, there is no opposition there, but on the other hand, he is very different from what was done in the thirties, and this caused

this very edge of the twenties and thirties, yes, the beginning of the thirties, the blue book is , in my opinion, thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth year, the returned youth of thirty -four, and it seems to me that it was precisely he who caused doubt in his sovietness, legitimacy, because he did something completely different, what he thought was necessary. so that they would understand, so that understanding would arise, it is clear, let's tell what is explained there, there , as it were, world history is projected onto russian history or vice versa, probably russian history, onto

world history, but another engine, not class struggle, not revolutions, there are several principles at the forefront, this is money, this is love, these are wonderful stories, treachery, treachery, amazing events and failures, and failures, what has changed over these centuries, has little changed? in seventy-two was, seventy -two, together already in perestroika, yes, we are talking about this ideology, which

is fundamentally different from these lame, minute such well-coordinated, laconic stories about different people, and what is this in general self-observation, before sunrise - this is a metaphor, yes, before sunrise - this is a paraphrase of ...

before sunrise, sunrise is the emergence, yes, of the mind of consciousness, which occupies there only a few percent in the volume of our psyche, this is really a very important thing, but it is terribly curious that all this is born during the war in forty -third year, well, it is not born, it continues, it reaches some point, they send out urgently , evacuate. during this period there is one of the mythologies that the germans read his translations, read it incorrectly, and wanted, he was on the list of twenty people who should be immediately taken prisoner, first of all taken prisoner, so that he would work for the propaganda of the other side, and supposedly this is why mikhail mikhailovich is urgently sent out of leningrad in 24 hours and out of the 12 permitted kilograms he takes 8 kg without roots of defense of their own these rather some kind of semi-legend it seems to me

documentary no. led to the fact that he went the way, from the very top, to the very bottom, back, and he learned that circumstances do not affect how you feel, you can equally be unhappy, and having all the benefits, and the key to yourself, the key to happiness to yourself, accordingly, accordingly, if your condition does not depend on circumstances, then you need to fix something in the conservatory, the key to yourself, when you paid so much for these keys and ...

writing itself is therapy, by the way, freud would say so, of course, of course, of course, that while he was writing it, he cured himself, well, of course, yes, and accordingly you can’t, it ’s a process, the meaning is in the process, of course, but also as a result, it’s the greatest gift, that is, he was of course terrible and unhappy, but it’s our great happiness that he was like that and in 1943, all this is important, well, that is , writers reacted very differently, yes , someone like simonov writes, wait for me, i ’ll be back, yes, i don’t compare one with the other.

well, that is, absolutely criticism, which increases the pressure, does not understand what is happening to the writer, what kind of work he is doing, therefore gradually, the difference of worlds, different tasks, different processes, is it surprising for me in this or not surprising, on the contrary, that zoshchenko continues to do this anyway, he believes that this is necessary, this is necessary for readers, therefore i will publish this now in 1943, despite the fact that practically no one understands this, no one, well, this is understandable, a green personality cannot help but follow his own path, it is impossible, naturally, well, you can't write what you don't feel, you can't say what you don't think, and so we've come full circle to this important event, to august of 1946, to the well-known complex of different party decisions, which this complex led to the infamous resolution on

the magazines zvezda leningrad. and there are two formulas, yes, that is, zoshchenko is the one who portrays the soviet man as a monkey, and akhmatova is a half-nun, half-harlot, and he is a vulgarian, a vulgar bastard, and this is a complete misunderstanding what happens to people, because anna andreyevna akhmatova in 1945, well , another person, of course, not the same, not better, not worse, just different, she has the northern legions behind her and it is clear that much indicates that... they are fighting with akhmatova with some other one, referents slip a quote from ikhimbaum, we know, yes, that the half-nun, half-harlot, is not zhdanov, but boris mikhailovich yakhimbaum, a brilliant russian philologist, and he, well, correctly and succinctly described this image of akhmatova's early poems, the evening of the rosary, early books, the beginning the 1910s, everything was like that, but what a distortion, yes, what a cheat, it could have been

anything. it could have been any story and any poems by her, it wasn’t about what they were writing, it was about who was needed at the moment, what magazine and what author, and who needed to be shown that we have no holy cows. with no, and yes, a major mistake by the magazine, well, we know that the leningrad magazine never came into being again, it was destroyed forever, and of course, despite the fact that you said correctly how mikhail mikhailovich responded to this with dignity at forty in the sixth year in fifty-three, but naturally his health was undermined and although they began to publish it after some time, yes, it simply repeated itself in the fifty -fourth year at a meeting: with english students, this story repeated itself, began anew, because when they asked the question: do you agree with the resolution mikhail mikhailovich answered, i am a russian officer, i am not a scumbag, well, yes, how can i agree, it is clear, that is, in fact, all this,

began again, yes, this and these visitors from england simply asked to present them akhmatova and zoshchenko, because it seemed that they do not exist, that they... they are suppressed, they are not free, they will sing what they are ordered to sing, but zoshchenko never sang what he was ordered to sing, and we continue to talk about zoshchenko in the year of his 130th anniversary, and of course, we will always talk, today we talked with wonderful guests, this is vera mikhailovna zoshchenko, the great-granddaughter of mikhail mikhailovich and an actress, tv presenter, compiler of books, as we learned, all the best, vera mikhailovna, i am sure that we will see you more than once. with you in this studio, goodbye, and mariasanna kotova was our guest, the head of the scientific and methodological department of the state moscow museum of mikhail afanovich bulgakov, we too, i am sure, masha, will see each other more than once to talk not only about mikhail

mikhailovich, but also mikhail afanaschich and other generi of russian literature, all the best, goodbye, to you our dear interlocutors, as always i say with emphasis and conviction: read with pleasure, dear friends. among the great, among the emperors we have two people, peter and catherine, and we have already spoken about peter, today catherine, of course, both figures are very...

said that catherine was the last accident on the russian throne after the era of palace coups, so the last coup, the last accident, that's how it happened, how catherine became great, we'll try to figure it out today. hello, this is the historical podcast russia west on the swings of history, with you peter romanov and sergei solovyov, today our topic is catherine ii. here, summing up the reign, catherine the great, the classic of our national history karamzin. he wrote that peter surprised europe with her victories, and catherine accustomed europe to these victories. in general

, there were many very solemn statements about the reign of catherine, and that peter was only the dawn, and that catherine brought light to russia, there was a statement of this kind, that peter created people in russia, and... it was catherine who put her soul into them, well, a little pompous, so to speak, pathetic, but in principle, here is the russian encyclopedic dictionary, pre-revolutionary , the same thing, but already in a more calm language, but the essence remains the same, her reign is one of the most remarkable in russian history and its dark and light sides had a huge influence on subsequent events: especially on the intellectual and cultural development of the country. from this reign in russia they began to realize the importance of humane ideas, they began to talk about the right of a person to think for the benefit of their own kind. therefore, it will be very interesting,

this is already the end of the reign, the result, let's try to understand where it all began. well, we must remember where catherine came from, yes, catherine's homeland was. a small german principality in the territory of the modern german federal state of saxony-anhalt on the elbe. the father of catherine, or rather, then sophia augusta friederike of anhalserb. christian august served in the prussian service, rose to the rank of general film marshal, however, he received the general film marshal under the patronage of catherine ii. in 1742, he inherited this principality of analzerpst after the end of the senior line of the dynasty, and catherine's mother was johanna elizabeth of holstein-gottorp, this is such a very interesting lady, she was brought from russia elizabeth was simply kicked out and there was even a moment when catherine could have been kicked out along with her. yes, yes, this lady served. she served frederick the great as an informal

diplomat on special, including not entirely, so to speak, correct assignments. and it so happened that catherine was her husband peter fyodorovich, or rather karl peter ulrich, a second cousin. catherine is not the first and not the last woman on the russian throne, but she was certainly radically different from everyone else. if we talk about... the number of favorites in the era of catherine great, then she probably had more than all the other empresses put together. we must remember how it all began, catherine was married at a very young age to peter fyodorovich, the heir to the russian throne, since elizabeth was childless, he was written out, accordingly, from galstein they tried to raise him as a russian heir, but it must be said, it did not work out, he was german. remained, the relationship between the spouses did not work out, at the beginning there seemed

to be a warm period, at the very beginning, but then everything went to hell, it must be said that catherine dreamed of a crown from the very beginning, she was still in germany, in her duchy before the principality of analzerb, she dreamed of being lucky, she tried on the russian crown, among other things, and as klyuchevsky wrote, catherine liked the russian crown much more than her fiancé. it must be said that catherine lived frankly poorly at elizabeth's court, and elizabeth oppressed her, that is, she treated her as an appendage, to the heir to the throne, which led her, firstly, to the fate of participating in palace intrigues, she became master of palace intrigues, on the other hand, to search for lovers on the side, it is no coincidence that even the birth of her son pavel, yes, many associated with a special kind of activity of sergei soltykov. her husband was generally indifferent to her, consulted with her, by the way, even

about favorites, here, but they were absolutely alienated from each other, they did not even hate each other, they lived separately. elizabeth, dear aunt, yes, oppressed catherine in every possible way, for her, just to understand to what extent she was forbidden to cry about father, when her father died, that it was a small loss, a minor rank, and accordingly, one cannot mourn him, up until that point, it means, they followed her, peeped through keyholes, forbade her to have. even some lackeys who showed some warmth to her, that is, they were immediately kicked out of the palace, forbade them to go to the bathhouse without asking, to go for walks, she sent letters to her parents only according to the order drawn up in the college of foreign affairs, all the rumors, everything that she said, reached the empress, and they specially wound her up and elizabeth to many of she believed in this, in general, the atmosphere in which she lived was very difficult. she writes about this in detail with such pain in her

notes, memoirs, and at the same time it brought her up, brought up duplicity in her, of course, that is, the ability to pretend, the ability to intrigue and the ability to see her own benefit, and she steadily, despite this , carried out, the attitude really changed a little after that, not even a little, but changed quite a lot, freedom became greater when she gave birth to the heir paul, in russia some considered catherine a creature friedrich.

when her brother wanted to come to russia, she said that why was it necessary, that there weren’t enough germans in russia, or something, naturally, it wasn’t that another german would be added, one more, one less, it was just that the very

arrival of her brother, firstly, reminded those around her of family trees, and secondly, she was terribly afraid that someone might assume that she... catherine wrote: i wanted to be russian, so that russians would love me, she had mastered this skill of being liked even before she ascended the throne, she understood that in russia you need to give gifts, and if someone liked something, including her household items, she gave it away, she, as she herself wrote, plunged headlong into all the squabbles of the court, delved into... court gossip, intrigue, became at elizabeth's court, well, how could you not, how could you not care about outfits, she began to care about outfits, gave gifts, threw money left and right to get supporters, she succeeded in this, however, the money that was allocated to her for maintenance 30,000 rubles, in general a solid sum, began to be insufficient for her, she got into debt, she took out debts, took in

debt, for this she received reprimands from empress elizabeth, she, of course, got used to this time to such... resourcefulness, to patience, patience, probably, is one of her main qualities, and, of course, secrecy, she, as klyuchevsky wrote, comprehended the great art of politics, the ability to control herself, restraining feelings, this was a strong, of course, very player, and even in that period when she was not crowned, she was already being noticed as a strong, potential political player, very many... foreign powers, so to speak, did on her bet, but it was the envoy of great britain, henbury williams, who succeeded , who very clearly, so correctly, competently assessed catherine's potential, and gave her quite apt characteristics, foreign

influence in russia is nothing new, in principle , the participation of foreigners, then mainly the french.