solve the problem of changing the quality of the economy, yes, they say that new productive forces are needed, chinese modernization is special, that's why electric cars are so important to them, because for them this is one of these symbols - new productive forces, panels, solar, lithium batteries and understanding this, the americans , represented by biden, represented by the west, are beating exactly...

hello, dear friends, this is the life of the remarkable podcast, with you i am, its lead writer, alexey varlamov, this year marks 125 years since the birthday of himself, in my opinion, the most captivating, most amazing, profound, wonderful russian prose writer, poet, playwright, literary critic, and finally, russian engineer, andrei platonovich platonov, it is about him that we will talk with you today, i am pleased to introduce my interlocutor, elena shubina, a philologist, publisher, whom many of you probably know,

thanks to the editorial office of elena shubina, where many modern authors are published, and i have the honor of being one of these authors, but in addition to modern literature, shubina also publishes documentary literature, historical literature, and one of your heroes is andrei platonov. let's start the conversation with how it happened that you started to study platonov, and what does he mean to you in your life, your platonov, huh? my platonov, but this is a very good question, alexey nikolaevich, because this is still a very personal question, i fell in love with this writer, through my personal love, because lev shubin, lev alekseevich shubin, to whom i have a direct relationship, he was, in fact, the founder of the study of platonov, his first article came out in 1968, imagine, he himself was then... very young, and this, in

fact, was the beginning of our platonov studies, before that, of course, i knew a little about this writer, but very little, because by that time, uh, he was, well, i'm not even afraid to say, little known, only after stalin's death, in general, it became possible to write about him, to publish about him, that's how it was, that was some kind of beginning, i fell in love with him. let's call it that, here is the author of this here are books, the search for the meaning of individual and common existence, this is a quote from platonov himself, which is repeated in different versions in his different works, this is my first love as a writer, yes, well, you have very well noted this thing, that indeed platonov, with all his enormous gift, with all his enormous significance, which, by the way, was very well understood by the most insightful of his contemporaries, namely... tvordovsky, and simonov, and fodeyev,

and sholokhov, and leonov, they all platonovized very much, pasternak, of course, and akhmatovo, you can name many different names, the name guna. yes, who admired his story the third son. well, it seems so. well, it may be a bit of a myth, but there should be myths around every writer, let them be, we will not destroy them. so, there is really some paradox in this, that this writer, really, lived such a, well, a little unnoticeable, as if away from the central highway, from such a literary highway life, despite the fact that life is not very long, he was born in 1899 year in voronezh, died in 1951 in moscow. that is, exactly the first half of the 20th century, it was very diverse, his life, but as if platonov's starting positions from the point of view of the soviet conjuncture were extremely favorable: the son of a working peasant woman, an absolutely convinced revolutionary who took part in

the civil war on the side of the reds, endlessly believing in communism, in socialism, in the soviet idea, he nevertheless finds himself at some point not in the lot, that's how... that soviet power oppressed bulgakov, in this there was some justice: you don't love us, we don't love you, but platonov really loved, he loved the soviet project, he loved socialism, how do you think, why did it happen, to say about any great writer that he was completely for the revolution, why does it seem to me in my youth, after all, yes, well, in my youth, but then it became generally clear that everything there was very ambivalent, and...

in 1921, when the terrible famine happened in the volga region, and the misfortune happened first in the summer of 21 in his family, when a brother and sister die, and for him a child's death is some kind of horror, a nightmare, and then this is such a harbinger, a misfortune falls on a huge country, and he sees that nothing is happening, and also the soviet machine moves bureaucratically, also some kind of formalism, also deadness, heartlessness, and this causes him ... terrible anger, and he commits an act that no other writer, neither russian nor soviet, has committed, he turns 180 °, goes into melioration, and for several years he works as a voronezh meliorator, he builds dams, he builds hydroelectric power stations, he builds ponds, because he understands that

the reason for the famine is drought, the reason for the famine is poor land management, this must be fought, and his conflict with the soviet government is the conflict of a person who makes demands on this government.

here, too, there are incredible paradoxes in the platonic spirit, when he got married, many of

his friends threw up their hands, because they did not understand what had happened, he was such a monk, that is, no relationship nothing, suddenly this woman arrives, yes, she was beautiful, talented, the most important thing is that she was not just beautiful and talented, she was from a completely different circle, from a different family, she was from a professorial family, they ended up in voronezh, well, just like then, hunger. this beauty strikes his heart and kind of overturns all his theories, here is a dry theory my friend, but the tree of life turns green and he changes, he kind of forgets all his vows of chastity, he falls in love with this woman, actually beats her off, there are all around her a crowd of young people, his friends, walked, he put them all aside, he conquered her, he walked to her on foot, i was there, she studied at the university , then she was sent to a village school, the story of the sandy teacher has something to do with it and he walks. in the winter, god knows where, 20 km there and back, as a result,

they conceived, then their only son platon was born, well, then there would be a daughter, marya andreyevna, but that was later during the war, but why did i start talking about platon's wife, because i said such a phrase, like bulgakov lucky with his third wife elena sergeevna, who immediately understood that she was living with a genius, and although bulgakov's name in the thirties did not sound so special in general, but ... she believed that all his glory would come, she lived to see his glory, so bulgakov had a life, here at home was the rear, around the front, but at least at home there was a rear, and platonov did not have a rear at home, because well, the wife in general did not think that her husband was such a genius writer, plus there were some peculiarities of his character and correspondence, that's it when he was gone, if you remember the quotes from pasternak, when pasternak, objecting to shchogolev, who criticized natalya nikolaevna pushkin, yes, he said the famous thing that

pushkin should have married shchogolev for all our further pushkin studies, then he would not have been killed in a duel, then he would have lived there for many years, would have written many more things, no, pasternak writes, natalya nikolaevna was an ideal wife, and pushkin knew who he loved, who he married, that is, he took pushkin's wife under his protection, you took exactly the same under the protection of maria alexanna, whom i, by the way, personally. unfortunately did not know, and you, probably, were familiar with her, right? well, for a very short time, it was already close to her, so to speak, departure, death, but yes, yes, i was at her house once, she made an impression, of course, the only one, he did not have other women in his life, that's the feeling, as they trace, somehow such hints and options, including in this book of memoirs of contemporaries in the materials of the biography, here few people know. that she from in general from year to year, for many years, when offered platonov's publication to publishing houses,

she insisted very intensively then that in these collections, which repeated the same thing, the same thing, that is, in general, in essence, before the opportunities to publish both chevinguri kotlavany and some other things opened up there, she always offered to the publishing house, here... and the state resident, and the garbage wind, which was categorically rejected, yes, which was categorically rejected by all publishing houses, i admit, in my home archive there is a letter from a very famous writer with excellent reputation, i will not mention his name, because he is no longer with us, the so -called editorial conclusions, when marialno once again proposed a soviet writer, then there was such a publishing house, so, all these things and... there it was strictly written, like this, this, this and that, these things, no, it's too early, this

is something like that, that is, she led this fight of hers. dear friends, we continue, this is a podcast of the life of the remarkable, with you i, its leading writer alexey varlamov, we are talking about andrei platonov and my interlocutor, elena shobina, philologist, publisher, such a question, i am very interested in how...

makar, who doubted, wrote, who was also this same one, he seemed to be sincerely surprised, why, that he actually wrote everything for the collective farms, well yes, and the chronicle in advance, well so it was also written for the collective farms, well no, it certainly was not written for the collective farms, without a doubt, i am slightly oversimplifying the situation now, the most insightful reader iosifrinovich stalin agreed with you, exactly yes, because after reading it, he wrote that this anti-collective farm counter-revolutionary thing. but for platonov it was a blow, for him, of course, it was a blow, because he still understood what it threatened, but i still would not speak so energetically for platonov, well, he wrote this in letters, in letters to gorky, in letters to stalin, i do not believe that he was being disingenuous, it seems to me that he was so sincere when he writes to gorky, when he writes to stalin, that the collective farm movement is like

a child, that you have to be very careful with it, careful, that he kind of admits his guilt, i think he is right. i experienced this feeling when he wrote this letter, but i do not believe that he played any games with the authorities, it is not in his character, anyone could have done it, but not him, well, maybe i am wrong, but by the way, about the foundation pit, what is also very interesting is that in fact that foundation pit, which you and i, my dears, read in novy mir in 1987, before that we read in self-published, then we read in numerous publications there in the nineties and even the 2000s published in our country abroad. this is not a real pit. the real pit was first published in st. petersburg in the pushkin house in 2000, and then in the collected works of platonov in the vremya publishing house. and this story struck me. i even made a special comparison, because what happened? apparently, the pit was prepared for publication in the new world in the sixties, maybe not in the new world, but in general, they were preparing it somewhere, and

they edited it, but how did they edit it? they removed stalin from there, of whom there is a lot in the pit, they removed some rather rough places from there, platonov along with his incredible tenderness, quite a lot of rudeness, he has a huge range in general this person, physiology, spirituality, all platonov - that 's all, right? well, in short, they combed it, they cut this manuscript, they made it so digestible, from the point of view of the soviet editors of the sixties, but it did not come out, then this edited version went to ardis, ardis published it, since then everything went like this, only in 2000 they published a complete pit, this is important, one can say in relation to chevingur, to juvenile sea, to jan, at jan in general. thing.

of course, platonov in general happened very difficult for further researchers rgali, here tsgali, then pushkin's house, family archive. yeah. also there it was necessary to dig through these same, supposedly prepared there editions, that is, in order to verify a special textological, as if certified by platonov himself copy, it was necessary to do a colossal work, including such psychological, that to consider it the final version, because at andrei platonovich also had this absolutely amazing feature, if already... almost, as you say, with kotlovan, almost, so to speak, it was ready for publication, instead of entering into some kind of wild struggle, it was sometimes easier for him to write his own version, this is

what is now being done, this is the amazing platonov group at the institute of world literature under the leadership of natalia vasilievna, well, that's why i say that we still have to actually see this genuine platonov, in whom every sign, every letter comma open by and large. he wrote a remarkable preface specifically to dramaturgy, it, and it begins with such a phrase, you know, ah, that's what it is, it turns out

there are also plays, that's how he simply began his preface, because for him it was just another discovery, i agree with you that 14 red huts is an absolutely amazing thing, but also, by the way, the sharmanka and one of the first plays fools on the periphery, which , unfortunately. went - went to prison, that's the understandable path, he was the only one who was not touched, it's just that he went to moscow and in some sense got lost, but it happened in

the very same year when he was scolded for the chronicle in the prog, since in my opinion not a single soviet writer was scolded, so much fury that stalin spread around himself and which his subordinates saluted, this barrage of crazy criticism that was poured on platonov, that he was very hard going through, he actually...

he understood perfectly well that he was a writer, a great writer, maybe even so, you know, here again some kind of award, to me in general, when the conversation turns to platonov on the topic of a soviet man, not a soviet man, excuse me, of course, all this does not matter, absolutely, does not matter, that is, it is interesting for a biography, there for how to say, and so on, but ... he is a great writer in the new season on the first, well, tell me, is it possible to do business in my city without me, you komolov, oleg viktorovich, here is the resolution on your arrest, last night a museum was robbed, what does my dad have to do with it, so, well tell me, the director is local, from leningrad, he came with his wife and daughter, the daughter is grown up, they are going to be artists, that's how it is, the museum was robbed at night, the area is quiet,

the only houses that don't sleep are those where they sell wine and more often. so what 's going on here? maybe we can come to some kind of agreement, and 500, how good, and how did you , such a sly little hell, fall for a simple scam, and everything looked so convincing, and you are not afraid at all that we will get bogged down in these affairs, but they are bad, dad is good, he needs help, unfortunately, without money it can't be done, five, seven, oh, how... and you were simply amazing, and your partners too, my name is mark natanich barshak, i kind of look after this city and its environs, i need your talent in one very interesting and risky case, ninel - the premiere of a multi-part film from september 2 on the first, and you know that she has a patron, an adult appeared, thanks

to whom i am here, and not in a cell. and what is it worth? do you know? 100 players from all over our country have gathered here in the studio, the main characters will appear on this stage, this is mothers, fathers, children. parents, grandmothers, zitya , mothers-in-law, in short, everyone whom we affectionately call relatives, for the first time...

september 7 on saturdays on the first dear friends, we continue, this is a podcast

life of remarkable people, with you i am its host writer alexey varlamov, we are talking about andrey platonov and my interlocutor, elena shobina, philologist, publisher, well, in my understanding platonov is still a soviet writer, well, it just seems to me that the soviet... is leaving this project, but again, how is he leaving? it seems to me, i may be wrong, but he has a terrible crisis in the early thirties, including because he understands that what he dreamed of did not work out, well, it just didn’t work out, then fate sends him turkmenistan, he goes to turkmenistan in 1933, here are his turkmen notebooks, the story jan is absolutely amazing, yes, because the story jan, as it seems to me, is in some sense such an antonym of chevingur, because if in chevingur he shows people, yes, who decided that they are in the vanguard of the revolution, that they built socialism in in a separate place, he with tenderness, bitterness, sarcasm, pain, compassion, here he is a very emotional person, describes the tragedy of this city, which in the end perishes incomprehensibly from the reds or from the whites, since we are touching on this topic, then jan, as it seems to me, this is a story about how,

after all, this small... gradually

he leaves this haze of socialism and soviet ideas, yes he leaves here in his later prose here is pushkin, yes that beyond the patudan river, the family will pass on the whole book the patudan river, yes there with the exception of maybe to be a story of immortality, but it is such... a strange story, well, soon, here we see this photograph, of course, the most terrible thing in platonov's life is the fate of his son, of course, here is the fact that his only son, who was born in 1922, who was named platon, yes, he was platon andreevich platonov, tosha, who was infinitely loved by his father and mother, in 1938 he was arrested, the family believed that it was such, well, as far as i know, such an exquisite.

misunderstanding, there is a very interesting article, there is such a green book, platonov's archive, and there is a very good article about this, there are also comments about it, well, in short, yes , he was arrested and of course it was a terrible thing, the guy managed to get him out of the gulag and from norelsk after 2 years, he returned, but he returned first he was in vologda, in vologda yes in prison and marya aleksandna almost went there and wanted yes around this prison.

he could have been infected, of course, in the war, he was very active and took part as a war correspondent, and wrote stories, here in my in the home archive there are even these original books, these small ones, which were in circulation during the great patriotic war, why are we talking about the war, because indeed, when the war began, platonov had an absolutely 100% patriotic position, he really perceived this war, yes... it is evident, how he was eager to go to the front, because he was, first he was sent to evacuation to ufa, yes, and from ufa he simply asked to be called up, he was really called up to the active army, and he worked in 1942, well , 1943, 1944, 1945, he was

with the active army, he wrote articles, he wrote absolutely amazing stories, platonov wrote a very good review of a novel in the trenches of stalingrad, but if we talk about the fact that the war in some sense, well, i don’t know which one... to choose the right one, but himself, as andrei platonovich himself very well said to semyon lipkin, that andrei doesn’t scold you anymore, i’m now on the recovering team, yes, that is, during the war, they published him, they recognized him, this is terrible. remember that after the war, everyone really had the feeling that having lived through this, there would be no return, that already , as if here, a decree was issued on the magazines zvezda and leningradsko, even earlier, in my opinion, in 1946, it was 1946, in the same 1946, when the story was published, the brilliant story of andrei platonov, the return or the ivanov family in the new world, why was this the first story that simonov published, becoming the editor-in-chief of the new world, he opened his editorship with this story, and it is important for him, and

an article by literary critic ermilov comes out, which simply destroys this story, destroys platonov, and of course, his last years are an illness, this is again - obscurity, this is again such, well , maybe there was no material poverty, he had a major's pension, so platonov dies in 1950 , the first year, amazing memories have been preserved, descriptions of his funeral in the diary of yuri... nagibin, yes, how they came to bury him, there was a handful of people, how they threw him these very clods of earth into the grave, and nagibin writes that these were the last clods of dirt that were thrown at this man, in general, if we speak according to nagibin, there was another interesting story in platonov's life, but it was before the war, and he communicated very little with anyone, after all, it would be like this, but he was such...

well, what are you saying, he says: okay, the main thing is

that he doesn't misbehave in the entrances, a representative of vagumilsky, the son of a priest, such a, you know, such a large man, positive, he later, by the way, was very popular, the young guard published, not just the zhezel series, there is a great engineer, a great something there, he should not be confused with lev gumilyov, they are different people, lev gomelevsky, that. theatrical, which are now on, the platonov festival in voronezh, and films,

which are being filmed, for better or worse, based on platonov, although i still do not understand how it is possible not to film kotlavan, chivingur, the same thing, to make it modern, i think that it is possible, i think that this is a challenge to modern directors, if i were a director, i would try to remove this, because it is really a challenge to you, here, but in any case , we still have to platonov, as andrey bitov said, platonov's time is still ahead, it was a podcast. life of the remarkable, i was with you, its leading writer alexey varlamov, my guest is a philologist, publisher, platonov, elena shubina, thank you, hello, i am a pilot cosmonaut anton shkaplerov, this is a hint. tester of rsc

energia and now you are engaged in space education ilya tell us what your work today is? now i am together with i think it’s a huge team of people creating such an ecosystem, you could say, when children, students can try themselves in space... we hold contests, competitions in astronautics so that children can develop, pump up their skills and become well, high-class engineers, specialists, scientists in the field of astronautics, that is, it turns out that this is quite a large age, i mean the duration, from what age, well , in fact, now everything is done in such a way that there

you can already do it almost with first-graders to do, yes, this topic, but we are more focused on these competitions there and... launching satellites, prototypes of satellites in there are competitions among students, yes, there is a stratosphere, for example, yes, there are such competitions, students participate there, and somewhere there are mixed teams, where students are mentors for schoolchildren, here... we have such a very team of like-minded people in different cities, here we are doing this, in general, but you are a subordinate of roscosmos, roscosmos supports all this, but somewhere of course financially, somewhere organizationally, but often it is some direct initiative

of some associations, some non-profit organizations that gather or there private companies, now it is in private. your your daughters participated in this too and how is it that is it helps the child going on a space shift to forget that he is a schoolboy, that he has a school, that he has household responsibilities there, he has beads, parents, yes, no one interferes, he has the opportunity to come, meet with a specialist in the space industry, to assemble

a satellite, to assemble a rocket, to assemble some kind of robot, to work in a team, to intensively discuss all these problems in a team. to meet with astronauts, to meet with specialists, to understand whether you need to do this cosmonautics or not, these shifts are just tailored to this, these federal space shifts that roscosmos organizes, they are in fact absolutely free, they, and there is a selection, i would not say that it is very difficult to get into this shift, it's not just that i want it, first you have to pass a competition, some selection and it's not really difficult, you don't have to be a genius to get to this shift, you just have to overcome yourself , and the parent has to find this competition, the child needs to overcome, just some banal laziness, prepare some, well, i don't know, write an article or make a report, give a speech somewhere, do some project, that is, start doing it, send it, talk to specialists there, how it can be done, get some feedback there

communication to get to artek, orlyonok, ocean in vladivostok, that is, now there are a lot of such shifts, where to find information for parents and students about ongoing competitions, thanks to which you can get into space shifts, if we talk about space shifts, that is, there is such a portal, called the key to the start , it is supervised by the portal key to the start, yes, it is supervised by the state corporation roscosmo nati how to find it spaceforkids.ru, space forkit, yes, firstly, there is a very interesting portal, there is a knowledge base for the teacher, for the child, for the parent, and there is news about at the beginning of the launch of the selection of each shift, now the selection for... shifts in orlyonok in the ocean in anapa now well they have passed, but there are still shifts and there are still that is they are not necessarily in the summer , they are not necessarily in the summer, even in artek, in artek cosmic shifts take place in april, children go to school there in parallel, so that the child understands that well, after all

, schools, well, that is, he has not fallen behind there, because after all there is such a situation that a child when he flies away to another reality in the form of these cosmic shifts there. yes, even here we are conducting the program "on duty on the planet", just now it was in khantamantiysk, and there are guys there who compete, assemble shift rovers, rockets, satellites, they then work like this for 3 weeks, their devices fly into the stratosphere at 24 km, the rockets fly to a height of up to km, robots drive, overcome obstacles, and then they win, they win, they return back, and what next, here is the difficulty, here the difficulty is that he has gained experience and the main thing here is that mentors, parents, the child himself do not get confused about what to do next, because he comes back to school, and not everyone there is like... not everyone wants to do cosmonautics, engineering, so here we also help in this regard, so that the children

throughout the year feel themselves, in such programs, spread out throughout the year, feel themselves as if - in the same atmosphere with like-minded people, that is, it is online, chats, these are some parallel competitions, conferences, lectures, there we also try to make podcasts there, some games too. meetings for children there yes, that there is, we do everything so that children can feel that they are not the only ones in love with space, because they go back to school, it can be hard, what specific programs can you tell us, we just talked in general about what there are, that there are competitions, there are camps, there are programs, maybe some will interest the kids who, well, or the parents who will watch us, this or that program will interest us, in fact, there are many programs, they are...

where i was just talking about the stratosphere, someone studies pictures of the earth, received from satellites, someone assembles ground stations, there is a competition, such a project is called the airborne engineering school, where during the year there under the guidance of specialists from the moscow state university, the institute of nuclear physics of moscow state university, they are the main organizers with roscosmos, that is, children prepare a payload for a model rocket, in january they have a winter session at moscow state university. they come, defend, schoolchildren, yes, yes, defend their projects, someone passes, someone does not pass, they prove that their payload really

works, there are all sorts of small projects satellites of all kinds that transmit via radio, that is, they give data on temperature, pressure, well, everything that they themselves come up with, and then they are launched in the summer, that is, this is an airborne engineering school program, another program, for example, this is a stratospheric satellite, where children are sent satellite designers, experiments on bo, all this can be found on the portal and on the portal space for kids there is also on the roscosmos website on the roscosmos website there is also yes this competition then they receive a designer they win application, that is, they won the selection, passed the big satellite cubesad there it is 10x10 by 10 cm or it is 30 by 10. by 10 cm triyu, here which are just from mk for this some group of schoolchildren or this is one man, well , it is sent to the team, that is, the team for that

it is necessary first of all to create a team, i don’t know somewhere a school, a club, by the way, earlier , for example, when i studied even at the institute, we did not have such a thing, but for example, maybe in your childhood it was before there were stations of young technicians, houses of young technicians, they are now they are becoming not just like houses of yu, but they are becoming like that. she is a technopa, yes they are - this is a fashionable word technopark, they are becoming technoparks with new good equipment, with which you can do some, well , at least bring the child closer to technological things, there are quantoriums, there are regional sirius centers based on the model of what is in sochi, where children from all over the country gather for the space sirius, vorlenok from all over the country, and there is, for example, in the voronezh region a regional central everything. in the voronezh regions, there are some in novosibirsk, there are some in yamalo-nenets, we held a shift there, these technology parks, now they are in...