it turns out that it was possible to convey feelings without words, so they created this theater, the experimental theater of pantomime, the artistic director, you know who it was, ivan pyryev, but he was the general curator, because this theater was at the bureau of propaganda of soviet cinematography, and the directors of the art theater were rumnev, alexander, a student of tairov and zobin, a student of mir hold, yeah, wow, yeah. these two people led this theater and the theater was super popular, andron and andrey brought you there, because i could dance the twist from 6:00 in the evening, yes, 6:00 in the morning nikita and andron at home on novoraeva novorovskogo, because we lived opposite, i could this business were friends, they said, volodya, that you move so well, go to the theater, they brought me and i was accepted into a professional troupe, this is sixty -second year, oh, wow, i went to serve in the army,

3 years served in the army, in the navy, or what? no, this is the last year when they served 3 years, i served in top secret units, escorting top secret cargo, this is saryshagan, kapustin yar, novaya zemlya, how did you meet your wife, i know that you together for a very, very long time, well, we met on nikolina gora, i came to nikita mikhalkov's dacha on nikolina gora, and the zhukov family, his father was a famous artist, nikolai nikolaevich zhukov. they lived not far from each other, we were such a company, in general, childhood and youth, in general, the elite, well , we were not a little then, what kind of elite were we, my god, the mikhalkovs yes, well, yes, nikita was brought his first jeans there at 18, no, no, there were none, we were not particularly spoiled, you understand, my first jacket was on in general my clothes i had my on second year of college, and so i wore everything out. for older brothers, and also

nikita, there were none from natalya petrovna, his mother was very strict about as if there were no special preferences, i'll be honest, there weren't any, and you spoil your children, grandchildren, i have two sons, six grandchildren, a great-grandson and a great-granddaughter, finally a girl grandfather, but you look super young, twice a great-grandfather, yes i have matvey, who is already ... years old, finally a girl appeared, sofia, a miracle, and what do the children do, what do the grandchildren do? egor graduated from shchukin, then he was a director, filmed tv series, then he got tired, now he is raising a child, he works as a dad, and the younger one went to europe to find his love, so love left, and he graduated from the university in geneva, then he graduated from another one in bern. his institution,

then he got bored in europe, he came to russia, and here is a big law firm, very cool, you have always acted a little in parallel with your directing work, and it seems to me that you really like it, such small roles always, so as not to forget this autumn marathon, and of course, and the belarusian railway station. it's strange, these two episodes, they are very tiny, yeah, in the autumn marathon i played the abandoned woman of an abandoned man, when i was at a meeting with the audience, when i called the autumn marathon, there were always men, applause, because the sadness of abandoned men, i played there, oh, my favorite coat, why don't you say hello, and i haven't seen you, we saw you, we saw you, you looked me right in the eyes.

andrich, meet ptashuk, ptashuk, nice to meet you, buzykin, and this is andrey pavlych, i read his poems at the dacha, at vali's, this is not my poems are translations, well what difference does it make, the words are yours, and we were just in a cafe, yeah, yeah, well i went, go, go, andrei smirnov called completely unexpectedly and said: volodya, i have a role so small, but very important, you will be driving three people's artists, so i say, andrei, with the greatest pleasure, and this of course, what does he say?

and he advised us young authors, provincial ones, and we, we really liked one story by a young author, and we gave him the task of writing a libretto, of course, it was our mistake, he just couldn't cope with the scale, with the temperature regime of this

story, unfortunately, we didn't film it, maybe we'll return to this project somehow, well, it's unlikely, i'm in the launch now, and i can't say much out of superstition, this is a real story. family and the story of my mother, forty-eighth year after the war, mother saving the family, saving the children, in a freight car with a cow, four children from moscow and from sverdlovsk, to the father who was imprisoned to be closer, the script was written by andron kochalovsky, and who knew my mother well, because we lived in the same flying cage and he ran to my mother for pies three times a day, he wrote this recently or a year ago. ago, wow, this is very interesting, yes, sasha ursulyak will play my mother, yeah, for a very long time, about 500 people, i looked at the children to get the family together, yeah, this is my older brother, lucia, vova, i found myself, i found myself

six years old, this is, this is a teaser, what do you dream of in 20 years for yourself, in 20 years, well... i'm unlikely to live that long, of course, but if i did, i think there's every chance, because that you are wonderful, everything happens in part, will you believe that this person is 80 years old, i don’t, i don’t believe, well, i would probably always be interested in what will happen to my heirs, because i was a father, well, not a very good one, i had to work a lot, earn money and... of course, natasha ran the house, she ran my children, that’s it, but i’m an amazing grandfather, my friends and my grandchildren can say this, i follow everyone’s life closely, at the right moment in the right percentages

i take part in everyone’s life, that’s it, of course, i would like to go to sofia's wedding, yeah, my great-granddaughter's, oh, everything will come true, yes, yes, we have such a magic cube, it makes everything come true, okay, thank you very much for, thank you, a wonderful conversation, i am very glad to see you on the podcast 20 years later, it was directed by vladimir gramatikov, good luck! hello, with you is the podcast schrödinger's cat, and i am its host, the editor-in-chief of a popular science magazine, who is also schrödinger's cat, and my co-host is barry the cat, he is my cat, not schrödinger's, and we talk simply about complex things, complex things, simple things, our

today's guest is konstantin severinov, doctor of biological sciences, professor and the person who is currently working on the project. with a very ambitious title of 100,000 russian genomes, it sounds downright scary, i read the comments about this project, there were the craziest versions, including that the genomes of russian people will be sold like oil, this was the most moderate version, and the scariest one sounded like this, that they want to take away the genomes of russians and deprive us of dna in order to calm the most active... fellow citizens, let's remind ourselves what a genome is, what does it mean, the carrier of genetic information, material, the carrier of genetic information that we pass on to our children, and receive from our parents, is a molecule called dna, deoxyribonucleic acid, on this

molecule, as on a material carrier, as on a magnetic tape, it is recorded that you are you, and i am me, and bari is bari, so dna molecules are very long in each.

what kind of person is this? well, it's interesting, how does this person relate to each of us, so they start to think, think, and then someone says with a suppressed voice, probably, it was a very good and kind person. i am sure that it is so, we are all good people, yes, but in fact, whose is it, if i am not mistaken, some american, no, but one of the genomes, the fact is that the procedure for determining the first human genome, it was a kind of race, it was a state program, this, which was carried out jointly by the british and americans, and there was a private event, each of these works lasted about 10 years, there were thousands of scientists involved, it was billions of dollars.

this project is being implemented within the framework

of technological cooperation with the state, the state has a large federal scientific and technical program for the development of genetic technologies, there is an understanding that we need to develop genetic technologies, this program is scheduled until the thirtieth year, the creation of a genomic center where sequencing is carried out, the creation of a database, the project itself is called 100,000 plus me, i - well, anyone. in this case, i am this is this idea of ​​voluntariness should be present here, because it is voluntary, and i can donate my genome to be 100,000, no, you can't do that, because out of these 100,000, a... we need to understand that this is a corporate program, so basically the dna sequence is determined, of the company's employees, their family members, and also a very significant amount of work is done with medical partners, these are leading medical and scientific centers, well, that is , if i am not sick with something genetically

exotic, then you don't need my genome, we need all the genomes, but we are talking about whole genome sequencing. and it costs less than a thousand dollars, that is , the price has decreased by millions of times, yes, yes, yes, this is much cooler than with computers, what will happen in 20 years, well , in 20 years this, well, now we are starting to talk with you about the meanings, because it is absolutely obvious that in 20 years this will cost very little, well, just like with cell phones, with all these classic examples of technological development,

and this technology will change the world, because the analysis of genomic sequences each of us with you. genetic diseases, imagine, 20 years ago, well 30 years ago , about 60 inherited genetic diseases were known, for example, sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hemophilia, everyone knows tsarevich alexei, now their number is being calculated, but it has not yet reached 1000, but already more than 6,000 for sure, this is a condition

that was possible to identify by studying, reading the dna of people who obviously had this disease, that is, these people went there for some reason, they, for example, in there were some cases in the family, well, some cases, yes, which geneticists could track down, but could not find out the cause, now this is done in general as easy as pie, it is enough to take, say, parents, grandparents and children who have or do not have manifestations of such and such a disease in this family, and having read their dna, simply compare to make such, well, a fairly simple association, are there any characteristic changes, those very...

countries, in china and so on and so forth in russia in public databases at best stored, well, in accessible databases, if we are not talking about private people who have identified this genome in private companies, well, for their own interest, we are talking about less than 10 thousand genomes, we simply do not exist at all, not because someone really needs it, we just did not have this technology developed and there was not a single player who could launch such a project, well, after all , these have read... 1000 genomes, what can we learn about the country, about health, about people, about ethnic groups, what is new is very big the country, multinational, geographically diverse, is very poorly studied at this genomic level, and this works against us, because it is already clear that this

set of these changes, once again 6 million changes are characteristic of each person living in relation to other people, these changes on the one hand make us individuals, but these changes for the most part do not make us smarter or more beautiful, they, they are just some kind of natural variability of man as a species, but the presence of this background, if you like, can have a very strong influence on how truly pathogenic, truly harmful mutations manifest themselves, such as those that determine congenital genetic diseases, or, for example, cancer, most cancers manifest themselves.

in the most primitive sense, you know, someone will look at the shape of the nose or something else, and say: well, i know who this is, why? well, because most ethnic groups were formed in historical - not very distant times, when some small group of people, perhaps relatives, separated from a larger group of people, well then gave rise to such a large colony, a group of tribes, people and so on. this means that within an ethnic group - people have a relatively greater number of common. mutations of changes with each other than outside this ethnic group, this makes them similar in some sense, hence, it necessarily follows that ethnically specific

to common sets of some changes in dna, once again not affecting the mind, beauty all other things that would seem to us very worry, they can influence the manifestation of some how some harmful mutation manifests itself, on the one hand, on the other hand... these same properties, these same general background can influence what medicine a person or people from this group will respond to best. with you is the podcast schrödinger's cat, and i am its host grigory tarasevich, together with my colleague, pari the cat. and our guest today, konstantin severinov, doctor of biological sciences, professor, and we are talking about the project of 100,000 genomes of russians. am i right in understanding that when large amounts of the genome are read, it will be possible to go to a regular clinic, the doctor prescribing me pills will take into account who i am, my ethnicity, my or my personal -

i think that it should be like that, i think that in this ideal world it will be quite in general your genome is already when you are born, your genome is already with you, so i am sure that it will of course be determined and will be part of your medical record and... this is not a russian problem, this is a problem for the whole world, that is, in america, where, for example, everything it is very highly developed, and there the leaders of the medical industry moan and say that

doctors don’t know anything about it, most of the doctors who treat now, they were in medical schools in the nineties, and what we are talking about actually happened, well, literally 10 years ago, they don’t know anything about it at all, we need to redo educational programs for doctors, it’s very difficult, well, all the same , returning to... to knowledge about my personal or your personal genome, we can say that there is a tendency to heart attack, so you better to live, a tendency is a very strange thing, because all this is statistical data, here we live in the real world, and if you hit your forehead against a wall, then this is a certain fact, it is difficult to argue with it, here it is an incredible thing, but most of the data that is obtained from

after analyzing a huge number of people turns out that your probability of illness is increased by 100 times, this means only 500 per million, for you specifically, should you go and kill yourself against the wall or just relax? no, the question of what to do is a separate question, whether it is necessary, for example, that is , whether it is necessary to make any fateful decisions after this, a separate question, whether you want this information to get to your employer, a separate question. do you want the pilot who is flying a passenger plane, so that he has a reduced average risk of sudden cardiac arrest of death, well, it would seem from sudden

cardiac arrest of death. but it would seem, i would like it not to happen to him, but even if in the case of a genotype associated with increased risk, it's still hundreds per million, then it seems like there's no point in refusing to work for this particular person, but statistically yes, there are, no, well, there are situations when it's even clear what to do, but in my opinion the most classic example is phenylkitonuria, which is determined, but it's very classic, but it's also very unique, that is, there really is a genetic disease, when... if you don't know that you have it, then you will die young , but if you change your diet, then you will live happily, as long as you like, another question is that you will then pass this same gene on to your offspring, just in case, i will repeat what was discussed, there is a disease called phenylkitonuria, which is scanned in infancy, including in russia, they say directly, you have it, but it does not manifest itself in any way, it ...

sits somewhere in the genes and somewhere already in adolescence it turns into a terrible disease that can be prevented by fairly simple diets, non-lethal, even quite tasty, here is an example of how, having studied genome, can you prevent the disease at all, do you want to know this, that's it, but it's important to know this, because in this case it's a simple disease, because it can be prevented by dietary, you don't you the problem is that you don't cure it, there are a lot of diseases.

you looked at his genome, compared it with your giant database, you say, he has a tendency, well, i don't know, to something bad, i don't know, to gastritis, well, gastritis, the hell with it, you can live with gastritis, let's go to schizophrenia too, you can live with it too, and you can even very talented to be, extreme heart attack, well, well, yes, let him have a tendency, let him not have a tendency, let this child develop he will have a severe genetic disease, like this, let's exacerbate, yes, the child has already developed, yes, that is, he is already there kindergarten ho no, so, as a rule, most of these kinds of diseases manifest themselves so early that everything happens before kindergarten, before kindergarten we saw that he has, god forbid, of course, such a thing to anyone, some kind of genetic disease, can we somehow undermine, correct its genome, to eliminate this disease, you know, when it's too late to drink borjomi, so in this case, whatever it is, there is one problem, this kind of disease that you are talking about, they are usually degenerate, that is, they come from

the parent. yes, but when the parent is a carrier of some unsuccessful version of the gene, and the other gene is normal, we are all duplicated, we have these 6 billion letters, three from dad, three from mom, dad and mom give us the same set of genes with seals, but their own, so each of us has two genes, each, and we give our children one, this is such a special process, here's what's important, that if dad was a carrier of a certain unsuccessful mutation in one... but didn't know about it, because the other gene was normal, and mom was the same, then right according to mendel's law, as they teach in school, i think they still teach, then every fourth child in such a marriage will receive two unsuccessful versions of the same gene and this can lead to very serious consequences, so in principle at the level of in vitro fertilization this problem can be solved in this way, that is , it is possible to allow not just any embryo to develop,

only one that does not contain a double. a damaged copy, a double damaged copy of the gene, this can be done, but one can imagine that for some reason this cannot be done, then you simply have to admit that all the cells that have grown from this organism, that have grown from this embryo will be affected, there will probably be an early death, so if it has already come to the point that the child has been born, it is absolutely impossible to subjugate all these cells, then we come to embryonic editing, when you must essentially at the level of the already fertilized egg, just say stop, before we implant all this into the mother, we will now tweak a little bit here and correct these two bad gene variants to the norm, but there are a number of ethical prohibitions on this, one of the people who allegedly did such work hitzonk and such a chinese scientist, well, he sat in the whole pandemic prison, but now it seems he came out, if a person has already been born, it is not very difficult to do this, because it is difficult to correct everything in all the cells, there are certain cases of some specific ones, for example, blood diseases, when this can be done, the fact is

that our... blood is like that, it is a little.