to follow the story of no ways and the oldest little costs, let us salute the government of norway. horace, remarkable and nurturing the secret negotiations. and why it's promised peace has remained unfulfilled, a strong decided terms of the negotiations. nobody could show or go home. the products of also on those as you the hello until mccrae, this is counting the cost to announce is there a weekly looked at the world of business and economics. this week the world's population is shrinking rapidly, but the baby boom is predicted so many developing nations will become a graphic shift, affects the global economy. cracking down on the take monopolies us an

e u rate devices take i'm, it's fixed. john's a big question. the competition on staying ahead of the arrivals. women, one tips, the technology, jobs, agenda, inequality gap and the 6 is narrow wing across advanced economies. but when will it be breached? the screen described as a demographic catastrophe. salons that medical journal booms that the majority of countries do not have high enough for timothy rides to sustain the population size by the end of the century. and the right of the decline is on even with some developing nation, seeing a baby boom. the shift could have 5 reaching social and economic impacts. massive population growth since the industrial revolution has put enormous pressure on the planets, limited resources. so how does the dropping boots affect the economy? we will take more into this without gas, but 1st, let's have a look at what is the facility rise. it is the average number of children born to

a woman in her lifetime to maintain stable population numbers. countries need to right of $2.00, children per woman, a number called the replacement level. and globally, the facility right has more than half the past 70 years from really 5 children for each female and 1950 to 2.2 children in 2021. it will continue to drop to $1.00 by the end of the century. that is below the replacement level, 3 quarters of nations and projected to full below that level by 2050. but by the end of the century, that will be the case in $198.00 out of $204.00 countries. meaning the population will be sure and king in almost every single country in the world. but the right of decline is on even the share of the world's pets. in low income regions. when nearly doubled to 55 percent and 2100, sub saharan africa alone will account for one in every 2 children born on the

planet by then. the only 6 nations samo somalia tong, initiate chad, gets done are expected to have to tell us he rides above the replacement level. well, the you in says the global population now and more than 8000000000 people will peak at nearly 10000000000 in the mid 20 i face with joining us now from vienna in australia is klaus pregnant. he is a professor of economics at the university of economics and business. thank you very much for joining us here on counting the cost across this has been described as a demographic catastrophe. can you just put into context how logic problem this is? but thank you very much for having me. um, i would say that from what quickly the population decline it smoke so much as i need to know many problem down many mechanisms that can compensate for those activities. for example, if a education of the population investments in technology such as labels saving technologies, automation,

industrial robots and so on. and the country can also increase labor force participation rates of women and the old over cuz and sometimes this can also compensate to some degree by heavy immigration. this is a very low facility rates quite for a long period of time. coupled with outlook migration, particularly young man, indicated to individuals that can really both see what you know, big problems, i kept in the us, i'm come business development phase. looks like this. um yeah, compensation of apartment. yeah. i guess, can you just help explain why facility writes a dropping in some countries and increasing and the others and, and which countries in particular most at risk of this? yes. so the facility rates in the past have been for the, for a lot of different reasons. the most important ones, but it's a, it's a barrier became more important to invest in educational step children, such that the children have success on the labor market. and then of course, increases the costs of having children and parents had few of them. so you may

leave before us, but there's a base rate increase which also increase the cost of having to meet the cost of having children. so do the norms change to lift 70 families of how many new ones for smaller families, the more prominent and so on. and in many countries, does every use of the rates to large degree in some other congress continued the rates failed and months later, the increasing but following at the lowest, low a base and of cost. that leads to a situation that we have differential uh, growth rate comes to population across different countries. categories, setup utility um, susceptible to demographic changes are uh south korea and japan in each of its very, very low visibility rates and eastern european countries that had a lot of other migration over the last 2 decades, particularly just on south korea and japan. one of those 2 countries doing and particularly to try and combat this is the festival of these countries also has

a lot of immigration. so this bottom of the aspects of the countries tried to compensate for forming population levels. and, but these companies invest in the new technologies, for example, japan and south korea are at the forefront of the adoption of industrial robots. and this helps them to quote, a little bit bit of the phone, the number of the cars on the labor market. and you touch on this a earlier slightly, but i would like you to expand on that if you could, you know, as countries get richer and more educated, can you explain how facility writes dropping and exactly why that is. yes. so if congress is so, if companies get to each other and it becomes more important for the children to compete on the legal markets to has a very good education. the countries become more sophisticated in terms of the technologies and so on. and so barons more emphasis on the occasion of their children and then of course teach that situation. but having many children,

it becomes very expensive, so you cannot send 7 to the university. so most of the families come up with what that. so that's one of the reasons why for the rates of failure, but also the increases in human labor force participation in the rich account present of cost. that makes it more difficult to the side of korea with uh, having chosen for women. but these, letting the boss and the audit is changing events as in these countries also invest the loading bodies, childcare, and so on and so forth. in the past, it was also the reason for having the increasing facility rates. and then as i said before, the, um, the changes that the new ones. so a few decades ago, that was in the one most heavy, lots of families, basically. and this long changed. and though it's more the case that families have 2 children and some even has fewer children than to and piece of the ones changed quite a lot of what time and many other reasons as well as the way example uh in the past

in children, but also a little bit like a social security um for the parents. so the for them and the, the old and the real transfers of the dog instead of the things of the security. the invention system and seems mentioned covers implemented such systems more quality. there was less of a needs to have many children's children that would care for the parents and deal and manuals, but they're also many other reasons. and this led to such and exciting facilities, but now it's kind of changing a little bit again. so now it's the case that high income people in high income countries and stops to has highest opportunity rates again. and the main reasons are that it becomes more affordable for them to have a private child care. and then the child care system or the family and child care system is also up in the middle of now. and also the father, someone boasting in child care and all it leads to a situation, but particularly high income and been educated. women have an easier time to

reconcile the family and having uh, so theresa and everything. uh, which events and it was uh say 10 or 15 years ago. changing very, very quickly. and finally, other any benefits to declining facility, right. but thank you. let me very high so the rates are a problem, i think for many konami's perspective. so very high facility rates to lead to a situation that the categories called the trend. so if families of very large, then a lot of resources have to be invested in children and education of these many channels that needs to be k. uh, the in education will be off the trends that needs the families but smaller and this sustains, but the in congress was very high for the to do it. so there is definitely a positive effect from going from very high. so they need to raise the rates, and even the placement facility can, has both of these. he thinks that and so fast population grows, his advantage on resources and um, level relational needs, basic ration,

but people tends to be better educated. you have more investments and new technologies to beginning countries above the 1st focus low and all that can, hasn't been officially fixed on economic outcomes and the need to know my role. but again, this is not the case for very, very little city because of the cost. it's difficult to get ready to start getting very low level. so i prolong, give you those times and countries can get that. we cannot just thoughts, will have to leave it there, but we really do appreciate your time and inside class, pregnant professor if you can only accept the v in the university of economics and business. thanks so much. i thank you very much. was nice talking to the anti trust regulations on both sides of the atlantic and moving to rein in the power of tech. johns defends, are accused of building closed ecosystems around their products, making it difficult for us to switch to rival services. the regulations are now targeting the so called bold guidance to encourage competition. the u. s. has sued

apple for allegedly monopolizing the smartphone mock as. and the e. u is proving apple alphabets, google and missa uncompetitive practices. but we begin with this report from victoria guys and be on the challenges faced by apple. the chief executive team cooking shanghai opening the 2nd largest apple store in the world. there was no sign of the pressure he was on the as events one folding back home in the united states. we alleged that apple has consolidated its monopoly power, not by making its own products better by making other products worse. as examples the government's anti trust. lucy points to the apple. well, it payment system and the apple watch both into face only with the iphone well competitive watches and digital wallet space. apple imposed barriers and when it comes to apples messaging service,

the company is accused of coming up photos and videos exchanged with known apple devices. phones at this point are basically many computers, but on your laptop you can install many things and you can decide to do it. but you can't do that on your phone, is the problem. and the fact that apple does it so that they can lock in bigger prices for themselves. is a problem in this statement, and apple spokesperson said the department of justice. lucy sets a dangerous precedent in him. does the company's ability to innovate. others say the timing at the low seat is suspicious. it's a sort of easy political when we have an election to 2024 and the address of by the national is trump. and i think the body restriction, once the agencies to have a case against these large companies so that they've but what they're doing, something about i said, uses in buckley california, welcome to low season hope it leads to lower prices. i feel like it's absurd. how

high something that we utilize and honestly need like a lot of us need them for our professional lives for our you know, school lives for our everyday lives. the us lucy joins other investigations into apple regulators in south korea and the netherlands, if, as the case is detect giant for abusing its market dominance and the european union find apple $92000000000.00 from fatty favoring its a music streaming service as arrivals value does around 3 trillion dollars, apple's annual revenue is greater than the gross domestic productive more than a 100 countries. if the u. s. government winds its anti trust case, it could lead to the breakup of apple for the benefit of 10 siemens, victoria gates, and b. l. g 0, accounting, the cost the u is investigating apple alphabet and it has a potential violations of the blocks, new competition law. the digital markets act requires 6 take johns to open up their

platforms and provide smaller arrivals, access to the uses that could effect at stores, messaging services, internet search, social media and online shopping violations could result in funds off as much as 10 percent of the companies global annual revenues, the 3 other companies have obligations under the new load, the amazon, microsoft and bytes don's to john table ready, and now some changes to the business practices to comply with the blocks new rules . the regulations say they did not go far enough. well, to discuss all of this journey me now from building is fredericka council. now she's a take policy expert. thanks again for being with us on counseling, the cost of festival. if we can start with the n t trust case against apple, now the us government is going up to one of the largest and most powerful companies in the world. just how big a deal is this? this is a very big deal and it sends a very positive signal,

not just to consume us, but also to develop us globally. i think it's very important here is that you cannot see this case in isolation. it's part of a white, a portion of the us government that started in 2019 and the ongoing cases against alphabets, against amazon, against meta. so this isn't in isolation. what is happening in the last 2 decades is that in the absence of regulatory actions, we have allowed tech companies to a mass unprecedented pallet. and that's a real risk for innovation for consumers, for prices, but also for the future of technology. so a big deal and a very positive signal, f as argument though, is that it taught the controls of the eco systems to help protect its consumers. i originally was going to fi here and not at all. first of all, we have to see what the outcome will be breaking of apples on the table, but that may not actually be the desired outcome. apple brand itself as

a company that poured sizes privacy and security. and to an extent that is true, apple s t can the f, b i the course over back during it systems f was also successfully stepped in, where regulators have failed. so apple has pushed back against jaime, and they subside party tracking them out. all of these things a very positive, but they also just top of the story. what the deal j a ledges is that apple is very selective and where and how it protects consumer privacy. and a really good example is china. so apple is active in china and apple have the see to, to power from or push back some of the chinese government to remove the p ends, for example, from its app store. and they're also all cloud services and china also back door. so this is a selective, a treatment of privacy. the you, as we mentioned, is also trying to crack down on the big tech companies. can you just break that

down for us that they are investigation and exactly what regulators in the you were trying to do. so that, that may come as a surprise to people, but the you is actually a bit behind in the last, when it comes to competition. the do markets act is designed to rain and platform power. but the verdict is still very much out on whether it will be effective. what we have seen so far is that the commission has designated 6 companies at so called gatekeepers. we have now seen that these companies have somewhat reluctantly made some changes. for example, apple. now allows apps to be purchased outside of its app store. that's the 1st and only in the u. uh, but what the commission of doing now it is probing these companies compliance. that's a lengthy process that will take up to here. so we have to see what will come out of it. yeah. like is how far regulated is prepared to go here. do you think will help us? do you think they should go? should we say a breakup of some of these massive companies? it was really fascinating us that the deal jay has called this case against apple

historic and draws a power low against the famous case against microsoft in the ninety's. of do i really argue, is that what's at stake here is the future of technology and the on the left us that apple has moved from innovating the smartphone market to stalling innovation. and the government sees a need to step in, in order to create the conditions in which we can see more exciting products, more ads and cheaper phones. okay, so just on that point for to very good with any of this. i mean, how likely is it that we are actually going to see, is consumers likely to see lower prices? look, i think, what's a bit confusing about this case is that apple, it has a very strong brand. people love iphones, but that's really not the issue here. the issue here is that apple has monopoly power. it's that it is using the pilot to extract money from consumers and developers and contents waiters. and that apple has engaged in, exclusionary,

and anti competitive conduct to maintain its monopoly. so this case is very technical, but the consequences may be very beneficial for consumers who may see more innovation, more choice, not prices. and then the 2nd audience of this is really developing gifted for us to play by rules that primarily benefit apple at. so we may see different ads, we may see cloud apps, we may see more gaming apps, at least that is the hope of this case. okay, we'll have to leave it there. but as always, we really do appreciate your time and your inside for the rekey counsel now take policy expert. thank you. i think, you know, from lecture holes to offices min out number of women in the technology sector, the gender gap, and the digital workspace is significantly wider than and of the industries. but according to a recent report, the disparity has narrowed across advanced economy. since the start of the pandemic world in full years ago. the,

or would you, any me now from prison in the u. k. is adrian right. he's the associate dean at the

school of business at the university of central, lincolnshire thank you so much for being here with us on counting the cost festival . traditionally, why has the tech industry been dominated by man? i mean, and why is the disparity, i guess wider than in many, many of the large industries i come. yeah. and the tech industry is being govern actually by man a long time for a long time. and these are very long standing issues in the sense that it reach down to things like education and having not tell them pipeline going through from an alias educational way, 3 to employment both. so things like pay an inhospitable workplace coaches and the m o. k. 2 was men and women, i guess what um, big companies actually doing to try and encourage more women and i guess universities and educational facilities doing to encourage more women into the sector. yeah, so lots of organizations, us and so uh, organizing that across the policies to support more we went into workplace and

there's lots of frameworks and membership groups. and that where it's was and helping, and policy and diversity and the tax sets up alongside that companies all working hard to and then on that process isn't workplace culture. learning from things like me to in game again in the games industry. and really to provide hospitable environments for all employees and but we need to do more and we need to be mobile typically around websites, cold set progression of attention to healthy with agenda gotten set. so yeah, as we mentioned, the gap is narrowing. but in the us it's still 35 percent use only 25 percent of women make up jobs and in the industry. what specifically, what actually needs to happen to, to, to turn that around. well, it clearly uh, if you highlights the test that says gap is lots and lots of other different industries and sensors. so the tech industry really needs to come say needs with todd to solve the issue with lens welcome k. things like flexible with policies

rarely how, what we need to make sure that very flexible with cost processes that have unintended consequences. for example, every night where king is now savings to fade away, it was so big wherever organizations trying to get that with the buttons to the office. home working, for example, really provides accessible where and that women, for example, who may have cable responsibilities. also, we need to think about other things such as pot time would save a people and taking part time we're getting the same opportunities and sense of training and progression. retention is a really huge issue and, and the set set for females, females leaving the set. so let's say age, 35 really needs to work on how those policies and practices, the organizations that david can have been doing, particularly since kind of it are actually working in the main site. and we're also seeing mass layoffs in the tech industry. women more at risk of losing their jobs

than man. yeah, again, it's a, it's a very worrying thing to say sweet when and we balance more inclusive. it's a insight knology and we know that women leave beset so early and then we know that there's a pay and this piracy between men and women in the set set. so and we also know is it is really, really important. so how diversity and inclusion, not just from a point of principle, electrical reasons, but as best of business phones as well. so we need to make, show that women stay in this asset and when things like job cuts out happening, that they and that the fat and that simple decisions to be made. okay, thank you. we'll have to leave it there, but we really do appreciate your time and inside a dream right. associated a school of business at the university of central, lincolnshire thank you. thank you. bangladesh of state owned company, petro band law has called the international bids for oil. and gas exploration and the buy a think go that's is the country looks to increase its domestic energy supply. the

bidding is the 24 offshore blocks tend to chantry as more from deka. far below these waves in the bay of bingo could lie rich deposits of fall island gas as one of aisha's fastest growing economies along with the shames to harness any type of resources to bolster its energy supply. now it's looking for investor beyond it's broader to explore and help develop what's been able to see floor, the geologist, deluxe, all the major issues. they didn't really need to me. so we want to make it video effective for either the dollars company douglas or liabilities of texas or not. does the energy administer phase? many companies are interested, the main challenges at the health phosphate can bring these gas boot up to do the

best as though to the industrious. that is the main challenge. that means we have to be locked up and subject invest backed up. we have to be invested millions of dollars, and also i have to keep the cash flow going on despite settling maritime boundaries with me on my right. india years ago. band with dishes, offshore areas remain largely unexplored. it operates 20 gas bills, but most will be depleted by 2033 in griffin year's banquet. those have been struggling to pay for info that oil and liquid glass due to depleting for incurring service. uh, and rising low demand for energy to address the energy gap, the government is inviting for and companies to pay for offshore exploration contracts. so for our, the government has invited $55.00 international companies to explore $24.00 blocks in the bay of bingo, bangladesh. we'll take between one and 2 thought share of profits, and it's offering production sharing contracts or p s fees. that link gas prices to

market forces and will allow companies to take their profits abroad without paying bonuses. or while it is truman, let's say the genetic foundation of the p a. c, such as the guest price has been linked to the dentist. the index brokerage shedding. now, based on the product, not products on now is appropriate to meet some environmental se, extracting gas could create miffed and emissions and damage the marina environment . but annually started go. major discoveries could boast of bangladesh as economy and reshape it, standing in the region. well, that is our show for this way to get in touch with us on x, formerly known as tourism. i'm at tal mccrae underscore in san in to use the hash tag h a c t c. when you take what you can drop us an e mail counseling the cost at l just aaron dot net is out for this move for you

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