to an age where a car travels to vote on syria saying he's back to hell are you will come back, are you afraid it should? no, no fun but notes in the eyes of his government. when my citizenship was revoked, i was surprised. a new 3 part series detailing the struggle is a pretty shade waka and the dangerous consequences of citizenship revocation on innocent until proven guilty statements in syria. coming soon on l g 0. the hello, i'm adrian said again. this is counting the cost on ultra 0. you'll which you look at the business of the comics, this reach, ratcheting up the trade war with china. the us slips must've terrace on chinese

goods. aging launch has its own empty dumping inquiry following dimensions. once a well the, the cuba sugar industry is collapsing, the decline and production put in parts of the sectors of the islands crisis. it is a moving shortage in critical minerals needed for the energy transition. so why is global investment in the mining of us materials decline? the chinese imports helped to push down the cost of products like video games, t shirts, and home appliances in the u. s. box, many american factories. so that's driven them out of business. so the cost more than a $1000000.00 jobs president joe bites necessity won't allow try, and that's a quote on fairly control the markets in a pre election effort to protect industries and workers. he sharply res terrace, on chinese imports ranging from electric vehicles to solar cells. beijing is launched its own anti dumping investigation following the meshes. so who has the

upper hand? we'll discuss it shortly with our guests, but 1st a report from imaging kimball, a joint. he's made solar cells, lithium, ion bought trees, and the metric vehicles are set to double triples and quadruple in price, respectively. in the us. thanks to new tre, tarus by president boynton. joiner is not happy, don't you guys find time to always opposes unilateral tariff increases that violate w t a rules and will take all necessary measures to safe guidance, legitimate rights and interests. phasing says the move damages, biological cooperation, just hit back with an empty dumping inquiry into plastic whitening pool. 2 from the us. the toy, one of japan, as a european union, has also launched investigations into chinese impulse. boynton says he has to protect us, was an industry from heavily subsidized chinese export. if you want to do business with china, you gotta have a 51 percent chinese owner. you gotta provide access to all your electrical

properties. sometimes it's just outright steel through cyber screen on another minute. and it's been a well documented and internationally recognized when you make tactics like these. and they're not competing. it's not competition as cheat. boyden is making sure the restrictions in place ahead of the november presidential election may help him in the post. many voters to unhappy with the us economy. although his tar it's set to be was $18000000000.00. are expanding on tires with $300000000000.00 imposed by former president donald trump. trump says the us auto industry and face of glovebox if he loses in november and that he will impose a 100 percent terrace, one e cause made outside the us. so long you, since the us only impulse to present their electric vehicles from china, the impact of this policy will be minimal and won't affect the over with economy. a

bathing says the us aims to stifle join his green industry. the country is leaning towards clean energy to kind to slump in economic growth. this is one thing that really is to companion higher. you have china and get a big b less by competing to be to be an unfortunate casualty. maybe the us is green energy targets, and the 2 superpowers relations, which was already fraction of a minute to activity in the side, the joint and see even was, could be an old i trade will between the 2 global joints of industry, image and came out to 0 for counting the cost as well. let's take a look at some of the figures. china sold maybe $500000000000.00 worth of goods to the us last year, but it only imported around $148000000000.00 worth and return the us imports just 2

percent of its electric vehicles from china. but the figure goes up to the 70 percent for lithium ion batteries. now the organization for economic cooperation and development, the o e. c. d says the chinese manufacturer has received 9 times more states subsidies . so that western counterparts, chinese businesses receive aid, which is the equivalent to 3.7 percent of the revenue is on average compared to only north point 4 percent for firms in high income countries. we have to ex, bus to discuss all of this with us. joining us from the so in south korea is steven open because the c of a pack advise is a consultancy operating at the intersection of business, government and sustainability. and from brisbin in australia, work, powell who was adjunct professor at queen's on university of technology and a cd, a fellow at the tight institute, a non government international. think find tank based in beijing strip at godaddy

with us. let's start with you. then as steven a, what is the us so worried about chinese goods. okay. they're not worried about chinese goods per say. they're worried about chinese goods that come into the us through unfair competition in, in strategic industries. and so to understand the by the administration's actions here and really the trumpet administration's actions before that, you've got to go back a decade. you go back to what china has been doing with it's made in china 2025 policy that came out in 2015 were china said it was going to use state subsidies and, and protection to foster width in china, key sectors for the 21st century. including electric vehicles, including renewable energy production that, that policy of china is very successful. and now china has a huge head start into the sectors. and as president biden said, we need these sectors ourselves in the united states. so to, to compete on

a level playing field, we have to put terrorist on those types of sectors. so it's not about banning chinese goods. it's not about tara thing, all the chinese goods, as president trump said he would do it in the 2nd term. it's really looking at those factors that are strategic to the us and, and they've had unfair subsidies from china, and that's what he did. all right, work what, what's your take on this off chinese subsidies responsible for the decline of us manufacturing and industry us manufacturing industry has been declining now for other 40 is the 1st sounds of concerns around the industrialization and the following out of american manufacturing began in the 19 seventy's and hasn't stop since the fact of the matter raises that over the last 40 years, the american political economy has 5, but often con, to industries, particularly in financial services, stock exchange,

and those sorts of areas instead of industrialization. and now the chickens have come home to roost. it's not like this. the hidden agenda here as your, i guess, as mentioned, chandra announced in 2015 a political and policy privacy around on domestic value adding and moving up the value china. and of course, it's being focused on things like electric cars will be full that if people bought repeating all of the documents and they funding instruments coming out of the chinese political system, they would have known this well in advance. or i'd steven, it's perhaps no, can it go into them? so this is an election yet in the us. i mean, a bivens moves, politically motivated, you think? is this a, an attempt to, to, to grab the votes this? oh, there's no question any move by the any administration in the presidential election year is going to be looked at through through that election. so that is a given, i think the by not by the administration would argue in this case,

but this is good policy and good politics. there is no question that has being tough on china is a positive in the us right now. it ensures a level playing field, it ensures that the united states can have an electric vehicle industry going forward in that if it doesn't have these types of tariffs, when there is unfair competition, there isn't going to be an electric vehicle industry in the united states and that is a national strategic importance wondering what is this going to do though to, to, ultimately, to the us economy? is it going to help or hinder it? hey, well i, in terms of what, what i do to the us economy in the short term. it's really going to have no impact on the us economy because as we said, there are literally 0 electric vehicles being imported into the united states from china right now. these, these tariffs are mostly, i'm good. the new tears are mostly on goods that aren't coming in yet to ensure

that the us industry can have a chance to get off the ground. because, you know, as the other guest is noted, of us hasn't been investing in infrastructure. and in the, in the united states as much as it should have been. and it's trying to do that now . and so it's going to give it a chance. the tariffs that have been extended were put into place by donald trump and have been in place for that $300000000.00 has been in place for a few years now. so it's not going to have any new inflationary impact because that has already taken place, so it's not gonna really have any short term impact on, on the economy. it, unless you're, you're talking about extraordinarily specific factors may be uncertain medical devices but, but that's about it weren't. what does this mean for the rest of us? but what happens to the companies for the supply to america using a partially using chinese produce goods. the global supply chains and now incredibly complex, many sophisticated products,

requiring thoughts from production processes in a number of countries. to untangle all of that is extremely costly with significant cost implications for downstream consumers and enterprises who rely on stable price to supply chains to bring their intermediate goods to them. so the, the last few years i've seen a lot of rhetoric around, you know, i de risk it in this, in the coupling. but the, the, the basic economic and engineering reality is that it's easier said than done. now the competitive environment, main size of the world is best. so including consumers in, in the process when they can access the least cost inputs for their activities that they need. so they can actually proceed to do what they include that. and um, and i think in, in, in due course of those a, to shoot a rational economic policy framework as opposed to jumping on the short term

political cycle bandwagon will deliver real dividends for their economies and for the communities. and what, because the buy side that i care about, i work with us at w t o fit in to, to one of this. well, the w t i is being frustrated over the past 6 plus years by the united states, which is frankly going rogue in terms of the, the global trade regulatory framework. since 2018 the united states has stymied the appointment on top judges to the apple light dispute resolution process as the w to you got it and continues to do. so. this is very unhelpful for the w t r. the 2nd point, the, remember about the w t, i was that the united states actually has the mice, complaints against the whole countries, products of with the, with the lot. so i checked the w t. i website there was some 171 complaints

launched against us products of the you have seen from memory about 100 from 506 in china was well back in the pack with 14 on. so when it comes to say you took participating in terms of fame because we're talking about questions or fan that's on the and, and participation and i can try the us itself as clearly bane arrive, apply for quite some time stating final what you then how do you respond to that the, that the u. s. has been a rope play up for some time. it's going rogue. a lot in, in, in the 21st century. you have to take into account national security when it comes to trade in economics, and that had not been the case previously. and now when you're a country and you're looking at what is going to happen if there's a panoramic and we have all of our sourcing from one country and we can't get in the medical in pharmaceuticals that we need and we can't get in in terms of climate

change and, and addressing that on the critical minerals that we need. well then that becomes a national security issue, and there has always been a national security exemption when it comes to the w t o. it is a different world now and there's, there's no question that that countries are looking at trade differently. they're looking at the w t o different weights. and that is what is going to make this competition and confrontation between between the us and china. you know, so, fraud and, you know, one of the worries going forward is the united states believes that can confront china where it needs to be confronted, such as it's doing on these terrorists. but that it can also cooperate with china. and of course, the most important issue the world is facing, which is the climate crisis. now the question is, will china except that framework will china except the tariffs coming in, but also cooperate with the united states at the, at the same time. so we really are unimpressive piece of where trade and national

security are intersecting within the climate crisis that that is, it should be a concern to everybody gentlemen, but i'm afraid we're going to have to leave it many thanks. indeed stephen opened and work, paul. so the old cuban saying goes without sugar, there is no country, it's cuba was the, was top sugar exports of a hundreds of years, and the industry was the main driver of the economy boss. the island has been under us sanctions for decades. and that impulse is affected the sugarcane harvest. we just hit its lowest level since 1900. once on thinkable, the island now imports sugar to meet its demand. last season, cubis production fell to an all time low of 350000 tons of low sugar. that's well below the 1300000 tons recorded in 2019 the farm pin sugar outputs, in fact, other sectors of the cuban economy including its export earnings, from rum, less than 3 percent of states. investment goes to the sugar industry. well,

the collapse of the sugar industry is just one aspect of cubis. faltering economy of the island, the suffering. it's west economic crisis since the collapse of the soviet union. in 1991. the tourism industry has dried up since the cobit 19 pandemic. depriving the island of as much as $3000000000.00 annually. foreign currency is in short supply of the pay, so it was lost maybe half its value against the dollar in 2024 alone. the government's budget gap is projected to increase to 18 and a half percent of economic output. this year, inflation is running a model 30 percent that's more than twice from latin america, regional average. and the average salary for cuban state workers is now less than $16.00 a month. when in response to the crisis, the cuban government does announce tough economic measures that include raising the price of fuel by more than 500 percent and coughing subsidies for staples like eggs and rice except for those deep, vulnerable fuel power,

mid some milk and other food items are in short supply. in march, the government to us b, u. n's food program for help. for the 1st time. i miss owns like load. i'm children a supposed to get 3 kilograms of milk a month, but now they are only given 1.5 kilograms a moment, and then the. okay, so let's, let's milk. i can't remember the last time i drink mil, it's very expensive. only people die. although we have difficulties, we're still alive, like we cuban, se thomas includes the month before the used to gets to phone 3 key those of rice per person per month. now they give nearly half a kilo of rice per person per month. and that's when it's available. joining us now from london, emily morris, an economist and research fellow at the university college of london's institute of the americas. good to have you with the assembly. so why it has cubis sugar industry collapse a us sanctions to blame or is it mismanagement?

essentially what happened is but previously sugar on the soviet system was heavily subsidized. in effect, they would have kind of bought the system where they got cheap fuel and return to the show that um so now that having to compete well market prices sport prices because they don't have any um, contracts with anybody. um is actually not the comic. i mean, the sugar industry is not economic, it's not, it's now only accounts for less than 2 percent of total expo earnings. so yeah, in 1990 it was or the 70 percent. so that's the extent of the collapse of the sugar industry. so. so in the sense the reduction in production for the macro economy isn't that important? but i think psychologically it's important. gibbons like everybody else think that the cuban economy is dependent on show that people have a kind of historical memory. and every year the government publishes its target for the sugar production. and once again,

and it happens practically every year since i've been covering to. but the last 2 years the target has missed. and so that has a psychological effect on anything that reduces export. earnings is significant because of the type of 2 of us foreign exchange constraint emulate then how can cubes, why the economic problems be addressed? kindly be fixed? well, it's a very, very difficult problem because of the constraints on to them. foreign exchange of things are extreme not only because of the collapse of tourism and but also because of the us sanctions, tomato, just for the trade with obviously the chip is natural trading. paula, but they also prevent trade with other apartments. and not only do they reduce the availability of foreign exchange, but they also result in the cancellation of contracts. um uh,

ships arriving at short notice. so this extreme disruption, as well as extreme type for an exchange constraint. um, so what happened during the coverage um pandemic? was essentially to go through everything else in 2020. they did incredibly well in terms of the number people got pills and so on and 20 to 20. but they exhausted the foreign exchange is this answer by 2021. they had nothing left and so then now scrambling to try to meet the obligations that they've taken on. i mean like one of the bill interviewees, the side there's an expectation. gibbons expect the government to get them um, extremely cheap. uh, russians supplies. and so the government has a commitment to do so, but given that it's built very little for an exchange, it's a struggle to do that all the time. and so what's the solution?

the solution is to build up the foreign exchange earnings. they need to diversify the economy. that's been in the substitute for a long time. in a sense, the recovery from the collapse of the soviet system was built on just a few items. it was very concentrated in nickel tourism, the professional services. i'm really they diversification and that seems to be what they're pushing for, but trying to diversify to restructure the economy in the context of very, very little forward exchange is extremely difficult. what's life like for me cubans right now, as well as you saw that, you know, life is not just it's, you know, they, they have very, very basic supplies of food, which is not as much as they used to. they have to cue an awful lot. they kind of upset to the inflation is very worrying for people on fixed incomes. you know, with that kind of go next, the price is my mock. it's a very, very high, but it's not even just that it's not on

a queuing but it's also the transport issue. there's, there's not enough fuel. the buses are all broken down. um, so every day life is extremely difficult. they also have power cups regularly. um, but having said that, you know, sometimes is portrayed as if everything is about to collapse. and actually as you see from those pictures, people know they haven't lost weight like i did in the 199 two's. there are supplies, there is manageable, but it's very, very difficult. and now who is that got a huge heat wave which makes life even more impossible when you haven't got air conditioning so on. so that really suffering and really frustrated because there's so many ideas they've opened up the private sector. so it's really possible for people to do things, but they have the finance. i'm really, really good to talk to you on counting the cost manufacturing day for being with us . thank you very much. i and finally they needed to make wind turbines,

electric vehicles, and other green technologies, minerals like culpa. let's see, i'm a cobalt or in high demand. there's many nations trying to make the transition to clean energy pops. the international energy agency says the world faces a shortage of those minerals, literally 70 percent of global demand for copa and 50 percent for lithium. expected to be met by $24.00 to $5.00. the prices of some of the elements fell sharply last year following 2 years of increases. the i a since the drop in price is, is discouraging investment in the mining of minerals. the parents based agency, full costs for the investors need to put something like $800000000000.00 into mining projects by 2040 to try to limit the rise in global temperatures to one of the half degrees celsius, plus a handful of nations and companies control their extraction, china, for example mines most of the rest of materials. joining us not from london and the lens, he's the managing director of supply chain insights,

good time he was assigned to what's going on there within this industry. why? at the moment a minus failing to meet the monk mean, a huge issue that this industry has is trying to match the supply with deval. what do you consider that it takes years to find and then build mine and get that into production? that is applied side of the question, what was the bottom side can change in a matter of weeks. so it's incredibly difficult to get eyes to match and the way that the market that matches the is by having price buying. so price declines, which again makes it difficult for us the investment cycle, sorry about what we see the money that we have a huge financing, lithium crisis. so can i respond? it's not process of crash. the same thing time a call. so everything across line can call the rate will take a little while to the investment to come through that and actually find the box i think is minerals particularly rare or difficult to extract to no means there's no geological shortage of any of the critical memos that we need for the energy transition to the barriers in a truck. so it's

a problem saying that these operations are in some places in political well as well . so these are the challenges that can be met, but not insurmountable. but i think the funding and they, they probably need government intervention as well. you know, i don't think relying surely on, but the mall to the mining companies will say, assigning to increase the charges that we need for the energy transmission. those are some of the above a china of the above it is mining. most of these were minerals. so one of the changes in that you know, since the print data and the digital training, the guidelines ation and well, what we've seen is been signal quite some time during the supply training. and that welcome uh, you know, particularly in the west and bob, the resources themselves are very geographically to best buy and that has build up a huge amount of processing capacity and things like find the 3rd cetera. and that single, quite frankly,

just isn't status as politically acceptable. so what we're seeing is uh west trying to back simply don't secretaries of the contracts, but these materials not always the types of money. and where you've got established markets, which are right on the supply and my margins, the commercial incentive for the private industry to develop a secondary supply chain isn't necessarily that. so again, it comes back to the governments needing to get involved to provide, get it changed resources to, to treat that capital. so you have to make those investments. i mean, what does all of this mean for consumers like you and i, i say in some respects the same is a shelter from, from the price increases. you know, the price, let's see him don't. it doesn't necessarily reflect in the price would be right after bank, whoever not, the company is effectively do take on that policy. let's say that policy, let's see, is the is know, most product when it comes to making these thoughts have investments. so i think

draw said create a little bit of offsets and see. we're also facing the impact that is they don't make these investments and balance of mine to bonds. they may be around, so cost would be energy transmission. and you know, when you look at trying to change, the easiest way to reduce emissions is a electrification attraction of transport electrification. awesome. people buying the industries and the government needs visual minerals. it needs transmission lines need to call her. the dispatcher is the story about pedagogy. and you know, if we talk to docs, then it's going to be a charged me product goals and the spring grades total accounts and the costs many sites indeed for being with us. thank you. that's all show for this week. if you'd like to comment on anything, but you've seen, i'm an, a citizen on x, please try to remember to use the hash tag a j. so you can see, or you can drop is a line counting the cost out of 0. don't. that is our email address. as always,

there's plenty more few online at elder 0 dot com slash ctc. that takes you straight to the page. and then you'll find individual reports links at a time episodes for you to capture. but that's it for this edition of counting the cost on entry instead of going to the whole team here, thanks for being with us. the news on al jazeera is next a unique perspective, a deep sake image of donald trump, with loud photos to try to win over black voters. these aren't real, but the harm is incredibly real. it on hud voices. it's our responsibility to make sure that future generations are not lied to connect with our community and tap into conversations you weren't find elsewhere. young americans in particular, have been extremely critical of the united states as role in the way the stream on out of era over 27000 photographs of dead untutored civilians. have you

seen the photo? so out in the prosecutor ulton did traditional investigation for disappearance, torture and crimes against humanity in the final part of the series, which is 0 follows the fight for justice through the courts. fairly straightforward in terms of establishing command responsibility as families and a lawyer space, a terrible deal in the search for the truth. the lost souls of syria without just sierra. this is took, took is the 1st country in the world to develop a comprehensive, sustainable tourism program. partnership with the global, sustainable tourism comes this country homes. more beauty is that just those use looks like beaches, historical and cultural view, rivelo rich and michelin, green star, restaurants come and discover the natural, historical, and cultural beauties. this is a region that is logically develop thing,

but it's one also that is afflicted by conflict. police, perhaps we try to balance the stories, the good, the bad. i think the people allow us into their lives, dignity and democracy. asked me to tell this story is the defying the world court to israel steps of strikes on the southern gaza getting the all shampooed a refugee camp, the con robot center. this is on the 0 line from del, have also coming off the flight of palestinians in northern gauze. it gets worse as it is really attacked sports hundreds of thousands to move with little to no supplies. the.