good morning, it's sloss and the other celebrates the military victory. 50 years on reconciliation seems a long way off. during the whole reports, the sirens interrupt the silence as to just as they did 50 years ago at 5 20 in the morning. when turkey's troops landed on the beaches of northern cypress, the military and athens had days earlier attempted to to and nichol see, to re unite cyprus with greece to kias response was to invade, occupying a 3rd of the island, a division that remains to this day. the door yes. the pain and bitterness we feel for this day cannot be described in words. all those dock days come to our memories. we remember the betrayal that happens when they just left our children over that be killed me counties 10 it kits. this was 30 at the time displaced like

thousands of others from his home in the north. here tending his brother's grave. the self declared tech is republic of northern cyprus, announces itself in the distance. many of its citizens displaced as well. are the 2 sides separated by a buffers unprotected by the un folders peacekeeping mission? 2 sides mocking this moment quite differently. greek cypriots moaning on what they call a black anniversary, the turkish cypriot leadership. meanwhile, celebrating a military victory. previous attempts at reunification have failed. a plan put forward by then you and secretary general coffee and then in 2004 and talks in geneva that collapsed in 2017 greek cypriots and the u refusing took a separate demands of a 2 state solution. there is a need for the need is on the island to redouble their efforts to secure

a political solution. the secretary general has made clear that to the window of opportunity is generally becoming smaller with the passage of time. and so an easy state is quite a remains bullet riddled buildings. a reminder of all old pictures that commemorate the missing and graveyards the dead. the former international airport abandoned in 1974 still rushing away, untouched. jo. know how elder 0 but it is, continues after the bottom line. the, the latest news as it breaks, right, are not afraid. they are going to stay here and on that with detail coverage. the last few weeks of things you'll find, we lose the presidential debate. donald tom security,

a number of important code victories can survive and assess the nation detached from around the world. irregular migration from west africa into europe rose by 174 percent in the 1st couple of 10 to 24 a. hi, i'm steve clements and i have a question. has is real committed? dom, aside in gaza, let's get to the bottom line. the neighborhood by neighborhood and mosse by mosque in school, by school is really has systematically crushed the civilian infrastructure and gaza, over the course of the world. we've seen so many homes and buildings targeted that we may have become desensitized. and besides the accusation of genocide, which is the attempt to destroy a nation, un experts have been warning that israel has carried out scholastic beside the destruction of the education system and domiciled the destruction of people's homes . according to international law, the wanton destruction of property. that's not justified by military necessity is

a war crime. but even if it is a war crime, how does that translate to the more than 2000000 palestinians in gaza, who has to live in an area that is become completely uninhabitable? today we're talking with paula christian and roger co. paul, you in special rep, a tour on the right to adequate housing and associate professor in the department of urban studies at the massachusetts institute of technology professor, thank you so much for joining us today. look, i, i want our audience to understand this word, which many of them may not have heard before. domiciled. tell us what it means and how does it stack up in the world of war crimes? well, the crime of dummies side is one which involves uh, the systematic or widespread destruction of housing, housing, destruction on an individual basis. for example, when the destruction of a house is not justified, as a military objective, there's already

a lot of crime under the geneva convention. so that is a war crime scene is about if it is a target and there is no military reason, a ration now, that is a work crime in and of itself. that's right. it is. i'm going to walk. i'm to destroy your house. if there is no military justification of the project build international criminal record, cutting con, gave a, a public interview an entitle, after you visited drop i last year when he said exactly the same thing. he said, houses are protected objects, hospitals are protected. objects schools are protected objects, so there are many that are protected objects under the geneva conventions and houses are among them. the problem is this houses individually when they destroyed out of cause war crimes. but if you're destroying an entire suite of neighborhood on an indicted city for that matter, is that a crime? and in international law, it may be a crime if you do it with the objective of obliterating audio is saying if people

in whole or in part, that's a definition of genocide under the 1940 of genocide convention. but suppose he didn't have that intention or the intention couldn't be established clearly, but he will still engage in while lots give destruction of housing. then is that still a crime? i'm not. and i would like to actually advocate for the recognition of such a large destruction of housing, whether or not due to genocide. i'm not saying that it is not a genocide in the case of destruction, of housing and gaza. it very well is, but on the other hand, even if it isn't in any conflict, it should still be recognized as a crime. and that's the dumbest and you want to have it written into the what the geneva convention you want to have it written into law. i would like states to consider recognizing domiciled as a crime on the law. but it wouldn't be under the geneva conventions, but it would be to the rome statute of the international criminal court which

already missed several acts which constitute crimes against humanity. and there is no reason why it cannot be amended to include damage. now israel says that october 7th, triggered in need to defend itself to go after and eradicate from us. israel prime minister netanyahu has been very overt and very public about that. being the mission at hand. you, i think don't by the, the, the way that mission is playing out with regards to where does the equation become a part of what netanyahu is saying and doing, and what we're seeing on the ground and gaza. well, if there was a man or do a justification to respond to the attacks of october 7th, which better horrendous in nature, of course, one would have to see a military operation. but what we have seen instead is an extermination campaign, not a minute. the operation entire life of palestinians in gaza has been completely obliterated . more than 70 percent of the homes have been destroyed. and on all the university

signing and guys have been destroyed. almost all schools have been destroyed, educational institutions, of religious institutions, public buildings, including the palace of justice, have been blown up. and the way in which this destruction has been counted out is not always through a military campaign. for example, responding to use a force by homicide other actors, but instead you sell a unit moving in and using controlled explosives using debt donation to actually destroy neighborhood by neighborhood. so to me doesn't look at all like what has been happening in gaza actually is a military campaign. it's something else. where have you seen this kind of destruction before in such a short time in such a confined space? i have never seen such destruction in any conflict, and that actually goes all the way back to world war 2. with the destruction of

dressed in or with the destruction of rotterdam. it took much longer and fewer percentage of houses, but actually destroyed, interrupted them. for example, and if you actually fast forward to the destruction of a level or homes during the in war, or the destruction dropped on a new job during the campaign, or what we're seeing me in march or the destruction of the ukrainian cities, but russia, including you know the destruction of my vehicle, which has been the most extensive uh are they all happened or a longer period of time. number one and fewer percentage of houses got destroyed. and most closer to you, there's a big difference. those people had up to the place to flee to. but as gaza is a complaint, confined space in the population runs from one corner to another corner, and they have been returned to the same place that has been bombed. they're running around in circles. that's extremely unprecedented. i've never seen it in any

conflict to put any city like this when you look at the before and after. it's a complex system. you have zoning, you have homes, you have schools, you have mosque, you have hospitals, you have a complex interaction of those systems. so is not just the number of buildings that we're taking out. it was that the complex system in a, in a whole area was completely wiped out. we've been talking a lot about the day after and how to bring this back. and i'm just interested in from your own experience. does anything come back if the you've talked about dresden, you've talked about other cities. uh, you know, the rotterdam and others that were wiped out what, what's her experience in terms of returning a healthy, functioning society back to a place that has had this kind of devastation? well, you're quite right that what is being destroyed is not just houses alone. it's not just universities alone, although we do, we do needs very shocking. but the whole society has been destroyed. the whole

economy has been destroyed, the economic system has been destroyed. the political system, of course, has been destroyed and society has been shadowed completely. and um, what is needed in terms of rebuilding is much more challenging in gaza because of the extend scale and the philosophy of destruction. but it is also more challenging because unlike for example, say dr. down after world war 2, the big difference between then and now is that what to have them ending date? it ended. and then you could begin the process of rebuilding with the guarantee that when you rebuild, what you actually do will continue to study the problem. and garza is that every few years we have seen very large scale armed conflict breakout because of the continued occupation. so the basic message i'd like to convey is this until the occupation ends. i don't see it replication of what as mean possible. in the case

of any other cities that have been destroyed in the past. and there are some journalism out there that is followed in is really army division, the 98 division of 80 to 19 commanders. i don't know if you've seen this reporting and journalism. it's very, very hard to watch because then it, you see lots of different social media, essentially self reporting by members of this, of this military unit. somebody says we've actually become addicted to blowing things up. i mean, i'm interested in your observations about this kind of activity. can you conveyed are audience what that journalism is showing and real time with real video on social media is that israel is proud of yes. so that i mean very well documented, highly, rigorously deported stories with the environment of specific units that i've carried out controlled demolitions and, and brought down and died neighborhoods and often uh, taking particular lead in that act and posting videos for example,

and social media celebrating what they are doing uh and uh, the stories that are being published involved interviews with the commanders and the soldiers of these units. but they themselves confessed to what has been done. this particular unit 8 to 19, is documented as having been involved in controlled demolitions of vast a sections of housing and con eunice and a number of other locations. and what it shows to me more than anything else is that again, this is an extermination campaign. this is a campaign of a mix ation. because when you actually learned that a place, i mean, habitable population by a leasing all signs of life, including their homes, the fort systems that are going to go to our lands, green houses, they are have religious buildings. they're uh,

public records then basically there is nothing to return to. so the only logical sort of option that you leave for such a population. also, the thinking probably goes in the minds of you say the plan is, is that the population gives up and moves on and the land becomes theirs. and so to me, i see this destruction of gaza is simply a logical extension of the unfortunate situation of prolonged an exception and occupation. while you can call something ethnic cleansing, that doesn't necessarily stop it or get to the account ability question. so or do you feel people will be held accountable for what we're seeing? so how does accountability for these, what is there is doing is concern. i see 3 levels of accountability that are possible. one is of course, accountability at the level of international justice, and that we see the international court of justice as well as international criminal court, grappling with the crimes and the serious violations and breaches of international law that he said it is coming to including the question of the legality of the long

term occupation, which is also before the i, c j. right now is 2nd level language. i see accountability happening is in the courts of other countries, including the quotes of this country the united states. read, for example, there is an ongoing case happening before the 9 circuit as we speak about the legality. busy of supplying weapons by the united states to do so. because of its incredibly damaging impact on children. be also seen the courts of other countries that have been used, including most famously the use of dutch courts to actually prevent the shipping of f 35. yeah, across parts due to that, and that is a binding judicial order. the 3rd level, which i see accountability happening is in word public opinion. and what public opinion, i think that has already seen the reality of what's happening and is

actually ready to hold people accountable. and that accountability will not be legal alone. it will be a long historical accountability, which would follow you through. and those will come to crimes in the state of he said for a very long time, and i don't know, they realize that this is not a burden. they can check over easily. is there another form of domiciled going on in the west bank? you've talked about extermination policies and we've seen very, very brutal destruction of facilities. but in the west bank, there's also a kind of land grab if you will underway with a lot of sellers movements and others coming in and taking destroying homes. you know, of, of those that resist and so is that, and is that also in the u. n. a wrap or towards report as it is an area of concern? that's a good question. actually. it completely is covered within the definition of damage side. in fact, what has been happening in the occupied palestinian territories. that includes,

of course, most bank garza and use the rest of them is a decades long campaign of dummy side. and the main tools have not only has been war, they've been the use of punitive home demolitions for example, or denial of home building permits for palestinians in the area. see right. or they have actually involved systematic the already campaigns, waterford it'd be 2 or 3 years that actually destroys large numbers of houses and increasingly in westbank. it also involves destruction of houses and other objects by settlers, while they certainly uh, going authority and the military stands aside and does nothing to impose accountability. so, damage side as a crime against humanity has been committed in all of these occupied territories. and frankly, unlike war crimes,

which request that they be coming to during the course of an armed conflict of crimes against humanity or even genocide, don't require the conflict be going on. they can be coming to during peacetime as well. what do you need for the legal architecture of dom, aside to be, to have more grit and traction? i mean, i'm very convinced in the cases you've talked about historically, but we've also watched the destruction of, you know, cultural institutions, mosque hospitals, as we said, the social eco system, in this case, domiciled in many people is a very new term. your role is a new one in the minds of many what is missing out there among your colleagues and peers. among those people in the international legal framework and network that would help elevate the concern and the place on that kind of global dashboard of human rights of dom aside, i think it's a complicated question because i think part of the problem is that people tend to

see a house as simply an asset mostly as a property. so the idea being that you feel houses destroyed, you can replace it as long as that is compensation. but a house is not simply a financial asset, right? although it involves a lot of money to purchase a house, often it's the largest investment that most families making their lives. on the other hand, houses also a deposit of your memories. and that's actually a lot more than simply monetary value. your valued for all kinds of other reasons and unfortunately, that is very slower recognition of this larger sense in which it how it should be understood as understood more among certain people who certainly the water affected people that understand it. what do you think of your house or need in terms of finance, but normally when it is destroyed, you realize that you missed it for other reasons too. and as far as the professional communities are concerned, i am afraid that among the legal community in particular that is very slow

recognition of the fact that when large scale destruction of amy, economic and social rights take place, it could be a destruction of your phone system for example, you have any culture, all of the trees have been destroyed by the hundreds of thousands in the occupied territories. are the world crimes or not? and i would say that they should be if they are not. and unfortunately, i don't think that there is adequate recognition because international law is not quite cut out yet to recognize logical destruction of housing or food or education for that matter, a standalone crimes by themselves. there's quite a lot of willingness to focus on to leading torture. it's a threat to them or not on destruction of they do apps between that. i don't know, western notions of liberalism in law. and the way law really works in the 3rd world . i know you've been part of this network called the 3rd world approach to

international law network. and i, i get the sense that there's this gap and understanding and application. and we need to, if we're going to get greater justice and get, get greater outcomes in the way the world really works, we need to have some adjustments. so can you tell us about this 3rd world approach to international law? a thank you. uh, they're going to purchase international law is basically a movement of leading for legal recognition of equality and for transforming international law to account for its past. you started the baggage because clearly quality of individuals, nations, what level of the quality? well, initially started as a demand for a quality of nations. i see as countries are becoming independent, i have to colonialism ended in the 19 forties and fifties, the leaders of those countries as well as the legal representatives of those countries advocated for the fact that the headed construction of international law

was utilized and click on colonial and there is a need to reform international load to reflect the aspirations of the entire world . and that sentiment drove quite a lot of reform and international law over the years. and i would say, even the recognition of economic, social and cultural rights, for example, like housing or food driven by the energy provided by this movement, particularly in the 19 sixties and seventies. but i think the way we talk about the approaches international up today is quite different. it's not about the quantity of nation states, but it's actually about the recognizing the agency of marginalized communities, oppress people, there can i mean they're, they're, they're k greater case of needs and gaza, or the palestinian case, right? so when you look at economic, cultural and social justice, how would the features of a 3rd, 3rd world understanding of international law change in a way how, how could we move the needle on some of these important issues for people who feel

the mean neglected and kind of ignored not, not, not just by the united states and as by, by everyone. that's a great but complex question as well. uh, in that, um, i mean, palestine particularly is a, is really and even headed the problem from colonialism. in fact, during the fifty's and sixty's when developing countries under covering their wise and their agency, palestine and apart, they tell that for go with the to be 2 big issues on the agenda. now apartheid, supposedly it was ended in the early ninety's, but unfortunately the palestinian situation continues. and what that means in terms of when you look at the palestinian situation through a 3rd one approach international law differential did make as the last well, the basic difference is to begin to see the condition of the suffering. and what is needed for palestinians in

a different light from all the ways in which we have imagined, for example, think something as fundamental to about us. mean experience does not come by me. does international, i have a language to talk about and understanding that we can talk about occupation separately, but is not about the same as occupation menu would say, well it is, but it's much more than that. nothing about translators. catastrophe, which is actually much more than occupation. is it about all part alone? and many would say it is, but it is much more than that. and then i know we have genocide happening in gaza. so he's not but really genocide. perhaps yes, but perhaps more than that, it's a complex term. so just like apartheid was a complex term. and the black so the for games and are those who went through the apartheid system always wanted to have a new word called apartheid. because no english would, could capture that. he started good experience of what they went through under

a part that i would say something similar that in fact, you know, other people have gone through the starting and experience that palestinians have gone through. and that is captured by the term, not about, but we don't have a way to talk about an international law. and this is only one example. if you take occupation, for example, an occupation is supposed to be temporary. that's where the international monetary and light implicitly assumes of any belligerent occupation. but you look at this village occupation occupied palestinian territories. it's been going on and on and on and on. and then slowly there is an expression happening. it'd be kia a bid. they're sending the settlers to appropriate lines, and then the remote control of lined and directly from piloting is already live there, right? so this is actually to me, a very different beast. and we need a new language. international doesn't have the language. the 3rd one approach international law i would imagine is at least capable of pointing to the fact that

these gaps, because you're not going to get that recognition venue view the policy in a situation using even headed data or traditional understandings of international law. but we'll end if they are un special wrap our tour on the right to adequate housing and mit associate professor bala christian on roger go, paul, thank you so much for being with us today. thank you for having me. so what's the bottom line? dime, a side is a key tool to remove and extinguish a population from an area. we saw it in a lot, but we saw it in gloss, the and mary, a pole. and now we're seeing it in gaza. there's simply no excuse for the deliberate and determined destruction of nearly 70 percent of civilian infrastructure by israel's forces in this conflict. other than engineering, the permanent dislocation of palestinians from the areas that had been obliterated . my guest today is right to argue that domiciled should be considered a crime against humanity. but the case reality is it no global or regional power is willing to constrain israel from pursuing a path that is destroyed so many innocent lives and futures,

which makes international law look pale and sickly in the moment it was needed most . and that's the bottom line, the a security concerns and political uncertainty, or just some of the issues facing the organizers of the 2024 olympic games in paris . as millions turned their attention to friends with the whole nation, be ready to welcome the world on july, the 26 stay without a 0 for the latest updates. as iris passed to host the olympic games, french athletes where the head just will not be allowed to compete. alongside players, coaches and team leaders and athletes challenges the by creating a space for all to embrace the game they loved. regardless of what they,

where on the head, paris game changes with this document on the jersey, the african stories from african perspective. i like convince dentist authorities using different media to show documentary why african filmmakers from kenya and kansas. if it goes to science, it in black a need for you pulls up on me, it says all them on the left side, the bile bob wished for and all was fine. i use it on, i'll just sierra, the, the,

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the israel attack. so who's the, run the oil refinery, and you have, and at least 80 people injured many, severely burnt the rock. this is elda 0. lie from jo, how also coming up at least 37 palestinians killed,