need a lot of space and produced feed false and cheaply. you see here that the water is recycled, you save 90 percent of the water you'd normally use for across a larger version. the size of a refrigerator can produce $300.00 kilos of nutritional plant food every $6.00 to $9.00 days. our. the machine is powered by solar energy and can be monitored and run with the cell phone. the students when the national innovation award and were recently invited to harvard and mit to display their invention. both a large as a small version of this machine is made almost a 100 percent with recycled materials that you can find at a flea market or even on the street. like, for example, this former printer, this is a piece of a water pipe, and this water pump comes actually for my part was use to hold the water for cleaning the windshield. is that the most expensive part of all of this is the

software that's in here, which costs about $10.00. all of this can be assembled and disassembled and intervention that could have a significant impact. the world over. i don't know good already, and that's as constantia was there inspiration, pardon? and for her saw the thought of one thing with all teachers. we want to help our community, our region, or country, and then the rest of the world. for example, in africa with mount nutrition is causing have a kind of a to do you in food and agricultural organizations, is supporting their effort to create a business model for their invention. one that suggest that you can do a great deal with very useful see, and human al jazeera new electricity. a dan in big games has had its 1st major security breach football match between argentina and the rocker was stopped for 2 hours because of found trouble. working. some forces reacted to a controversial goal awarded to watch and teen late in the game, which was later disallowed. some through both tools onto the pitch,

all of us invaded that the referee took the place on the field before the match was viewed in an empty stadium. we're okay eventually winning to one how those funds team have arrived in paris and that the ongoing role in gauze that they've cooled, only international olympic committee to found israel from the games. the i a see how stress neutrality and response. palestine says that more than $300.00 athletes have been killed since the beginning of the war in october, and the full sports facilities have been demolished. okay, that's it for me. my name's i'm use continues here in algebra. often simple, some like just the widespread flooding continues to inundate rural areas, are not disciplined bung with dash. tens of thousands are still stranded and in

desperate need of fresh food and water. the select region of or not, this back of this is now facing new flooding from heavy monsoon, rain and upstream water from india. bad weather is also impacted burned the dishes, southeast region, many rowing a refugee is leaving the foothills of a can anywhere a back. i'm lost a 21 year old son in the land slide my to turn to and i try to rescue him in the darkness that it was the 2 sites for many. how busy up to come a. hi, i'm steve clements and i have a question. has is real committed. dom, aside in gaza, let's get to the bottom line. the neighborhood by neighborhood and mosse by mosque in school, by school is really has systematically crushed the civilian infrastructure and gaza, over the course of the world. we've seen so many homes and buildings targeted that

we may have become desensitized. and besides the accusation of genocide, which is the attempt to destroy a nation, un experts have been warning that israel has carried out scholastic. beside the destruction of the education system and donna side, the destruction of people's homes. according to international law, the wanton destruction of property that's not justified by military necessity is a war crime. but even if it is a war crime, how does that translate to the more than 2000000 palestinians in gaza, who has to live in an area that is become completely uninhabitable? today we're talking with bala, christian and roger co. paul, you in special repertoire on the right to adequate housing and associate professor in the department of urban studies at the massachusetts institute of technology professor, thank you so much for joining us today. but i, i want our audience to understand this word, which many of them may not have heard before. domiciled. tell us what it means and how does it stack up in the world of war crimes?

well, the crime of dummies side is one which involves uh, the systematic or widespread destruction of housing, housing, destruction on an individual basis. for example, then the destruction of a house is not justified. as a military objective. he's already award crime under the geneva convention, so that is a war crime scene is about if it is a target and there is no military reason a ration now that is a work crime in and of itself. that's right. it is under the water crime to destroy a house if there is no military justification of the project to build the international criminal record. cut him con, gave a public interview, an even keitel after you visited drop out last year when he said exactly the same thing. he said, houses are protected objects, hospitals are protected objects. schools are protected objects. so there are many that are protected objects under the geneva conventions and houses are among them.

the problem is this houses individually when they destroyed out of cause war crimes . but if you're destroying an entire suite of neighborhood on an indicted city for that matter, is that a crime? and in international law, it may be a crime if you do it with the objective of obliterating audio. that's the thing. if people in whole or in part, that's a definition of genocide under the 1940 a genocide convention. but suppose you didn't have that intention or the intention couldn't be established clearly. but do you still engage in while lots give destruction of housing then? is that still a crime? i'm not. and i would like to actually advocate for the recognition of such a large destruction of housing, whether or not due to genocide. i'm not saying that it is not a genocide in the case of destruction, of housing and gaza. it very well is. but on the other hand, even if it isn't in any conflict, it should still be recognized as

a crime. and that's the dumbest and you want to have it written into the what the geneva convention you want to have it written into law. i would like states to consider recognizing domiciled as a crime on the law. but it wouldn't be under the geneva conventions, but it would be to the rome statute of the international criminal court which already missed several acts which constitute crimes against humanity. and there is no reason why it cannot be amended to include damage. now israel says that october 7th, triggered in need to defend itself to go after and eradicate from us is real. prime minister netanyahu has been very overt and very public about that. being the mission at hand, you, i think don't by the, the, the way that mission is playing out with regard so weird is the equation become a part of what netanyahu is saying and doing. and what we're seeing on the ground and gaza. well, if there was a minute and a justification to respond to the attacks of october 7th,

which better horrendous in nature, of course, one would have to see a military operation. but what we have seen instead is an extermination campaign, not a minute. the operation entire life of palestinians in gaza has been completely obliterated . more than 70 percent of the homes have been destroyed and all the university signing and does have been destroyed. almost all schools have been destroyed, educational institutions, of religious institutions, public buildings, and during the palace of justice have been blown up. and the way in which this destruction has been counted out is not always through a military campaign. for example, responding to use of force by hamas or other actors, but instead you say the unit is moving in and using controlled explosives using detonation to actually destroy neighborhood by neighborhood. so to me doesn't look

at all like what has been happening in gaza actually is a military campaign. it's something else. where have you seen this kind of destruction before in such a short time in such a confined space? i have never seen such destruction in any conflict, and that actually goes all the way back to world war 2. with the destruction of dresden or with the destruction of rotterdam. it took much longer and fewer percentage of houses, but actually destroyed in drug design. for example, and if you actually fast forward to the destruction of a level or homes during the in war, or the destruction dropped on a new job during the campaign, or what we're seeing me in march or the destruction of the ukrainian cities, but russia, including you know the destruction of my vehicle, which has been the most extensive uh, are they all happened for a longer period of time. number one, and fewer percentage of houses got destroyed,

and most kosher to use a big difference. those people had up to the place to flee to. but as gaza is a complaint, confined space in the population runs from one corner to another corner, and they have the same place that has been bombed. they're running around in circles, that's extremely unprecedented. i've never seen it in any conflict to put any city like this when you look at the before and after. it's a complex system. you have zoning, you have homes, you have schools, you have mosque, you have hospitals, you have a complex interaction of those systems. so it's not just the number of buildings that we're taking out. it was that the complex system in a, in a whole area was completely wiped out. we've been talking a lot about the day after and how to bring this back. and i'm just interested it from your own experience. does anything come back if the you've talked about dresden, you've talked about other cities. uh, you know, the rotterdam and others that were wiped out. what,

what's our experience in terms of returning a healthy, functioning society back to a place that has had this kind of devastation? well, you're quite right that what is being destroyed? it is not just houses alone. it's not just universities alone. although we do, we do needs very shocking, but the whole society has been destroyed. the whole economy has been destroyed, the economic system has been destroyed. the political system, of course, has been destroyed and society has been shattered completely. and um, what is needed in terms of rebuilding is much more challenging in gaza because of the extent scale and the philosophy of destruction. but it is also more challenging because i'm like, for example, say dr. down after world war 2. the big difference between then and now is that what to have them ending date, it ended, and then you could begin the process of rebuilding with the guarantee that when you

rebuild, what you actually do will continue to stop the problem. and garza is that every few years we have seen very large scale armed conflict breakout because of the continued occupation. so the basic message i'd like to convey is this until the occupation ends. i don't see it replication of what as mean possible. in the case of any other cities that have been destroyed in the past and there is some journalism out there that is followed in his really army division, the 98 division of 8219 commanders. i don't know if you've seen this reporting and journalism. it's very, very hard to watch because in it you'll see lots of different social media, essentially self reporting by members of this, of this military unit. somebody says, we've actually become addicted to blowing things up. i mean, i'm interested in your observations about this kind of activity. can you conveyed are audience what that journalism is showing in real time with real video on social media, is that israel is proud of yes. so that i mean very well documented,

highly, rigorously deported stories with the environment of specific units that i've carried out controlled demolitions and, and brought down and died neighborhoods and often uh, taking particular li indeed act and posting videos for example, them social media, celebrating what they are doing uh and uh, the stories that are being published involved interviews with the commanders and the soldiers of these units. but they themselves confessed to what has been done. this particular unit 8 to 19, is documented as having been involved in controlled demolitions of last a sections of housing and con eunice and a number of other locations. and what it shows to me more than anything else is that again, this is an extermination campaign. this is

a campaign of amex ation. because when you actually learned that are place, i mean, habitable population by a leasing all signs of life, including their homes, the fort systems that are going to go to our lands, green houses, they are all religious buildings. they're uh, public records then basically that has nothing to return to. so the only logical sort of option that you leave for such a population. also, the thinking probably goes in the minds of you. certainly planners is that the population gives up and moves on and the land becomes theirs. and so to me, i see this destruction of gaza is simply a logical extension of the unfortunate situation of prolonged an exception and occupation. while you can call something ethnic cleansing, that doesn't necessarily stop it or get to the account ability question. so or do you feel people will be held accountable for what we're seeing?

so how does that comfortably for these, what is their lives doing is concern. i see 3 levels of accountability that are possible. one is of course, accountability at the level of international justice, and that we see the international court of justice as well as international criminal court, grappling with the crimes and the serious violations and breaches of international law that israel is coming to, including the question of the legality of the long term occupation, which is also before the i, c j. right now is 2nd level at which i see account of really happening is in the courts of other countries, including the quotes of this country the united states. read, for example, there is an ongoing case happening before the 9 circuit, as we speak about the legality of supplying weapons by the united states to use it. oh, because of its incredibly damaging impact on children. be also seen the courts of other countries that have been use, including most famously the use of dutch courts to actually prevent the shipping of

f 35. yeah. across parts due to that. and that is a binding judicial order. the 3rd level, which i see accountability happening is in word public opinion. and what part big opinion? i think that has already seen that the other deal, what's happening and is actually ready to hold people accountable. and that accountability will not be legal alone. it will be a long, historical accountability which would follow you through. and those will come to crimes in the state of itself, but a very long time. and i don't know, they realize that this is not a burden. they can check over easily. is there another form of domiciled going on in the west bank? you've talked about your extermination policies and we've seen very, very brutal destruction of facilities. but in the west bank. there's also a kind of land grab if you will underway with

a lot of sellers movements and others coming in and taking destroying homes, you know, of, of those that resist. and so is that an, is that also in the u. n. a wrap or towards report as it is an area of concern. that's a good question. actually it completely is covered within the definition of domiciled . in fact, what does mean happening in the occupied palestinian territories? that includes, of course, most bank, gaza and use the rest of them is a decades long campaign of dummy side. and the main tools have not only is being wor, they've been the use of punitive home demolitions for example, or denial of home building permits for palestinians in the area. see right. or they have actually involved systematic the already campaigns, waterford it'd be 2 or 3 years that actually destroys large numbers of houses and increasingly in westbank. it also involves destruction of houses and other objects

by settlers, while they certainly uh, going authority and the military stands aside and does nothing to impose accountability. so, damage side as a crime against humanity has been committed in all of these occupied territories. and frankly, unlike war crimes, which request that they be coming to during the course of an armed conflict of crimes against humanity or even genocide don't require that the item comes with be going on. they can be commented during peacetime as well. what do you need for the legal architecture of dom, aside to be, to have more grit and traction? i mean, i'm very convinced and the cases you've talked about historically, but we've also watched the destruction of, you know, cultural institutions, mosque hospitals, as we said, the social eco system, in this case of a domiciled in many people is a very new term. your role is a new one in the minds of many what is missing out there among your colleagues and

peers. among those people in the international legal framework in network that would help elevate the concern and the place on that kind of global dashboard of human rights of dom aside, i think it's a complicated question because i think part of the problem is that people tend to see a house as simply an asset mostly as a property. so the idea being that you feel houses destroyed, you're going to place it as long as that is compensation. but a house is not simply a financial asset, right? although it involves a lot of money to purchase a house, often it's the largest investment that most families making their lives. on the other hand, houses also a deposit of your memories. and that's actually a lot more than simply monetary value. you valued for all kinds of other reasons and unfortunately, that is very slower recognition of this larger sense in which it how it should be

understood. mm. is understood more among certain people who suddenly the water affected people to understand it. what do you think of your house or mean terms of finance, but normally when it is destroyed, you realize that you missed it for other reasons too. and as far as professional communities are concerned, i am afraid that among the legal community in particular that is very slow recognition of the fact that when large scale destruction of amy, economic and social rights take place, it could be a distraction of your phone system for example, you either coach or all of the trees have been destroyed by the hundreds of thousands in the occupied territories or the crimes or not. and i would say that there should be, if they are not. and unfortunately, i don't think that that is adequate recognition. because international law is not quite cut out yet to recognize logical destruction of housing or food or

education for that matter, a standalone crimes by themselves. there's quite a lot of willingness to focus on to leading torture. it's a threat to them or not on destruction of they do apps between that. i don't know, western notions of liberalism in law and the way law are really works in the 3rd world. i know you've been part of this network called the 3rd world approach to international law network. and i, i get the sense that there is this gap in understanding and application. and we need to, if we're going to get greater justice and get, get greater outcomes in the way the world really works, we need to have some adjustments. so can you tell us about this 3rd world approach to international law? the thank you uh the purchased international law is basically a movement of leading for legal recognition of equality and for transforming international law to account for it's fast. you started the baggage

because clearly quality of individuals, nations, what level of the quality? well, initially started as a demand for uh, the quality of nations. i see as countries are becoming independent, i have to colonialism ended in the 19 forties and fifties, the leaders of those countries as well as the legal representatives of those countries advocated for the fact that they even had a construction of international law was utilized and click on colonial and there is a need to reform international load to reflect the aspirations of the entire world . and that sentiment drove quite a lot of reform and international law over the years. and i would say, even the recognition of economic, social and cultural rights, for example, like housing or food driven by the energy provided by this movement, particularly in the 19 sixties and seventies. but i think the way we talk about the approaches international up today is quite different. it's not about the quantity of nation states, but it's actually about the recognizing the agency of marginalized communities,

oppressed people there. can i mean they're, they're, they're cap, a greater case of needs and gaza, or the palestinian case, right? so when you look at economic, cultural and social justice, how would the features of a 3rd, 3rd world understanding of international law change in a way how, how could we move the needle on some of these important issues for people who feel the mean neglected and kind of ignored not, not, not just by the united states and as by, by everyone. that's a great but complex question as well. uh, in the mean, palestine particularly is a, is really and even headed the problem from colonialism. or in fact, during the fifty's and sixty's when developing countries under covering their weiss and their agency palestine and partner until the after go with the to be 2 big issues on the agenda now. but they, supposedly, it was ended in the early ninety's. but unfortunately,

the palestinian situation continues and what that means in terms of when you look at the palestinian situation through a 3rd one approach international differential did make as the last well the basic differences to begin to see the condition of the suffering and what is needed for palestinians in a different light from all the ways in which we have imagined, for example, take something as fundamental to a palace name. experience does not cover me. does international. i have a language to talk about and understanding what we can talk about occupation separately. but is not about the same as occupation menu would say, well it is, but it's much more than that. nothing about translators. catastrophe. which is actually much more than occupation. is it about a part alone? and many would say it is, but it is much more than that. and then now we have genocide happening in gaza. so he's not the body of the genocide. perhaps. yes, but perhaps more than that, it's

a complex term. so just like a part i was a complex term and the black so the for games and are those who run through the apartheid system always wanted to have a new word called apartheid. because no english would, could capture the historical experience of what they went through under a part that i would say something similar. that in fact, no other people have gone through that you started to experience that palestinians have gone through. and that is captured by the term, not about, but we don't have a way to talk about an international law. and this is only one example. if you take occupation, for example, an occupation is supposed to be temporary. that's worthington, as you many dirty, and light implicitly assumes of any belligerent occupation. but you look at the smell to occupation occupied palestinian territories. it's been going on and on and on and on. and then slowly there is an expression happening. it'd be kia a bid, they're sending this i plus to appropriate lines,

and then the remote control of lined and directly from piloting is already live there. right? so this is actually to me, a very different beast. and we need a new language. international doesn't have the language. the 3rd one approach international law i would imagine, is at least capable of pointing to the fact that these gaps. because you're not going to get that recognition venue view the policy in that situation using even headed data or traditional understandings of international law. but we'll end if they are you in special wrap our tour on the right to adequate housing and mit associate? professor bala christian on roger. go, paul, thank you so much for being with us today. thank you. hi, we me. so what's the bottom line? dom a side is a key tool to remove and extinguish a population from an area. we saw it in the left, but we saw it in gloss, the and mary a pole and now we're seeing it in gaza. there is simply no excuse for the deliberate and determined destruction of nearly 70 percent of civilian infrastructure by israel's forces in this conflict. other than engineering,

the permanent dislocation of palestinians from the areas that had been obliterated . my guest today is right to argue that domiciled should be considered a crime against humanity. but the case reality is no global or regional power is willing to constrain israel from pursuing a path that is destroyed so many innocent lives and futures, which makes international law look pale and sickly in the moment it was needed most . and that's the bottom line. the so long to there's no place like home except when home is for the part of the lebanese filmmaker documents is like one of the country's most turbulent times. the appeal,

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this business uptake. the rooftop, no bundle dash football to use the the you're watching the news, our life from headquarters until 530 not. okay. so here's what's coming up in the next 60 minutes. at least 8 palestinian prisoners are released by the is really army. some of them show signs of torture. fear is of an environmental disaster in the philippines after a tank are filled with oil. cap sizes also ahead nothing. nothing is coming.