this is bbc news. we'll have the headlines for you at the top of the hour, which is straight after this programme. this week, is it a boat or is it a plane? i'm on board the ferry that can fly! why has nobody made an electric hydrofoil, flying ferry before? i think the main reason is that it's freaking hard! we're in india, where solar dryers are battling food waste. and an eye in the sky on energy use.

nice outfit by the way. thanks. i'm taking the world temperature to assess all our actions. stockholm, capital of sweden and the city of islands, and the city of islands — 14 of them, to be precise — which makes water transport a big thing around these parts. so, today, i've decided to take the ferry. but this is no ordinary ferry, because this ferry can fly. this is the candela p—12, the prototype of a ferry

which would go into service injuly 2024, and at its cruising speed of 25 knots, narrow wings called hydrofoils provide huge amounts of lift. in the same way that aircraft wings can get a plane off the ground, these wings can raise the whole hull above the surface. i've started to notice more and more boats and even windsurfs and kite surfs having these foils underneath the board so the entire thing can lift out of the water. and because hardly any of the boat is having to push through the water, it doesn't need as powerful a motorcar — and that means there's something else that's very special about this craft. it's electric. these small propellers are all that are needed to get the ferry up to speed, and its on—board batteries give

it a range of 50 nautical miles, all of which promises to make waterborne transport a whole lot cleaner and a whole lot greener. normal boats consume an awful lot of fuel and are extremely inefficient compared to land—based transport. this is because the boat is wrong to push its wake through the water and much resistance? exactly. a lot of resistance. and you can use batteries on ferries if they are done very slowly, but if you want to go a bit faster in a big longer, the whole thing collapses because you could of course put in more batteries, but at the end, you're putting in so many batteries the boat will think. the boat will sink. you have a fiscal limit that you can't get around. gustav says that one hour of charging will allow this ferry to run for three hours, meaning a good service communities during the morning rush on one charge to be ready for the afternoon peak after being recharged at lunchtime. there's another advantage to being almost entirely out

of the water, too — it doesn't bounce about on the waves. it's pretty steady. i can't really tell i'm out of the water, but i can tell i can feel the of something around. but actually, it's using the same hydrofoil technologies that you can see it is out of the water which means... and look at him — he's having the time of life out there! but whereas the speedboat is built for pleasure, leisure and basically showing off, the p12 ferry is being pitched as a way of making waterborne public transport competitive again — competitive again — both in fuel and environmental costs, too, because, as well as not feeling the waves, it doesn't make them, either, meaning it's good for everything that lives here. traditional ferries create big wakes and when it drives in our sensitive archipelago

it is a sensitive ecosystem with marine life and the birds and the fish. it causes erosion from the shorelines. and that's a really big challenge for us. we need to reduce the wakes to be able to drive in a more sustainable way in our sensitive environment. the principle of hydrofoiling is not that new, but it's only been recently possible to do in this way. the first reason is that we now have materials that are up to the job. you need thin blades. they should be super strong but very thin do not create too much drag. typically, they use carbon fibre, which is a perfect material, and it can build them in fairly small volumes. otherwise, you would have to rely on steel, it becomes heavy and costly to manufacture. the second reason is the high—end computation going on below deck. 0k, here's the science bit. when you raise a boat almost

entirely out of the water, it becomes unstable, because you've got all the weight up here above the wings that it's balancing on in the water. it's a bit like trying to balance a pencil in order to keep it upright, you have to do a lot of this and that is what this is having to do. having to adjust its position hundreds of times a second to keep it perfectly balanced. you could not do that manually so this thing is covered in sensors that monitor exactly what the orientation is. and the computers are doing the compensation and they do that by adjusting the angle of the wings in the water. again, hundreds of a second, to keep a perfectly balanced. it's the same reason why drones are able to stay stable in the air and, in fact, on these early test flights, christian is able to tweet and experiment with the boat behaviour by changing the settings live on his laptop. we're turning.

one of the things you can do when you're precisely controlling the orientation of the boat all the time is you can artificially bank like this when you're turning, which is more comfortable for the passengers. cos of the boat was to remain level, everybody would be pushed to one side. so this banking is artificial. there is a limit to the size of the swell this type of craft can cope with, but on inland waterways, this technology may very well soon be making waves... ..by not making waves. although like a lot of modern life, the smooth ride will depend on the computers and sensors doing their jobs at all times, which is no mean feat. why has nobody made an electric hydrofoil flying ferry before? i think the main reason is it's freakinghard! is it's freaking hard! laughter

over 70 countries have commitments to net—zero targets. some are enshrined in law, others are goals laid out in policy. large companies have also made net zero pages, but how do we know that they're being met? well, there's one company that might have the answer. satellites have been capturing images from space, for decades. satellites have been capturing images from space for decades. this is a radar one here. you've also got optical images like these, and any cloud cover around, you won't see what is going on beneath, and you need daylight for most of these. but satellite vu has a different plan, for them, it's about thermal imaging. its first satellite was launched injune on a spacex rocket flying

out of california. it started sending back high—resolution images to earth, its thermal sensors enabling it to chase hot and cold features down to 3.5 metre accuracy. in that circle, there's a lot more than four km. it's the culmination of years of work. we have satellite view, the world's thermometer. literally, these are the raw images and within ranil wickremesinghe the better. here, the first image we took was of row and you can see the hot areas in brighter colours and the blue areas are the cooler areas in the city. this one's taken at night, and what you can see right here is the vatican is very, very hot. this summer, there were big heatwaves, that building

absorbed a lot of energy and at night, it's radiating. the heat maps, which are still images and short videos, could have wide application but a particularly useful in climate related matters. we think every city would want this. there's a company called chief heat officers and they are appointed around the world. one is in athens for example. and they are wanting his data so they can go and help people keep the city call like to keep the stress on people less and save energy. but the bigger picture is to help monitor how companies are meeting their net—zero commitments. you can look at oil storage, for example, and see how much fossilfuels are being burnt and how much are being pumped. when people are declaring

net—zero or they're reducing their oil consumption, we can come and verify that that's actually occurring. 60 organisations are currently playing around with these early heat images to see if they can improve their existing climate models. this one was assembled by satellite technology in guildford. you get one shot at launching something like this, so stressful is the process? yes, pretty stressful. i think it is a high—intensity business, especially projects like this that are very short schedule, but it is very exciting when it does launch. seven more satellites will be joining hot sat one over the next few months. the aim is to increase the amount of data that's being collected which is identifying temperature profiles of individual buildings, offices and factories. if we're striving to help the planet, if we're striving to get to net zero, you need this transparency of information, and we've done it.

time for a look at this week's tech news. openai cofounder sam altman is returning to the company days after he was ousted. mr altman's sacking astonished many and led to staff threatening mass resignations until he was reinstated. the battle at the top of openai began when the original board decided to remove mr altman, saying they had lost confidence in his leadership. binance chief executive changpeng zhao has resigned after pleading guilty to money laundering violations. the usjustice department said the world's biggest cryptocurrency exchange had helped users bypass sanctions. it's ordered the firm to pay $4.3 billion in penalties and forfeitures. mr zhao said he made mistakes and stepping down was the best move for the company. scientists in scotland are using robotic sub—sea gliders to check a system of ocean currents for signs of climate change.

they're monitoring the conveyor belt, which regulates global temperatures by carrying warm and cool air around the world. there is some concern the system weakening. there is some concern that the system is weakening. these gliders really help us go to places we would maybe not get to in the winter and they can stay out for months at a time, whereas on a ship, you're kind of time—limited. food wastage is a huge problem across the globe, and in india, this is compounded by the fact that cold storage facilities can be few and far between. but one of this year earthshot prize winners's is a start—up working on a solution. nikhil inander went to find out more. here's a shocking statistic. more than one third of all fruit and vegetables grown in india end up in landfill like these.

but across some 400 villages in the western part of the country, these solar powered dryers, all operated by women, are now tackling the challenge head—on. these are built by s4s technologies a start—up technologies — a start—up that won the prestigious earthshot prize for climate impact this year. this isn't exactly a high—tech device at all with any complex technology, electronics or chips, but these dryers expand the life cycle of basic perishables like onions, for instance, or tomatoes that would otherwise have rotted. it's a frugal, low—cost, climate—friendly solution to preserving second—grade produce that normally doesn't find a market. they're also a cheap alternative to expensive cold storage facilities, which are few and far between in these rural areas.

shital somani is one of the cofounders of the start—up that makes these dryers. shital, can you explain exactly how this works? in the solar drier, basically we use the solar energy to convert in the heat form and give that heat to the product. when we say about the heat, the heat is from this surface, which is a full grade insulator black metallic surface, black metallic surface. it is giving the heat from the bottom to the product and at the same time, when the air enters from this aspect, we close the drier. that air carries the moisture from the driver and carries the solar radiation, which is falling from this top surface on the product. and all three forms of heat transfer helps to remove the moisture from the product. keeping the tech simple and low—cost has allowed s4s to on—board thousands of women entrepreneurs to do this job. it's been a game—changer for the localfarmers. it's also been a game—changer for the localfarmers. at the crack of dawn, shivagi is sorting his

onion harvest to be sent to the drying facility. translation: on your prices available translation: onion prices are very volatile. when the cost of transport is more than the cost of production i used tojust throw away the crop, many times the lower grade crop would not get sold, nearly half of what i had grown wood rot. now all of it gets picked up at the farm gate and my income has gone up substantially. once dried, the produce comes to this factory, which processes it further into packaged food that's sold to big companies and restaurants. the farm—to—factory chain gives growers an assured market and helps cut middlemen. can you talk a little about about the various levels of whice you're creating impact? we are creating impact at three main levels. l first is the food wastage, . where are reducing the food wastage by converting this b or c—grade material-

into the value added products. that is the first claim. second, we are giving these dryers. - most of these dryers, 100% are used by the women- entrepreneurs, - the women farmers. and the third one is the carbon emissions as this is the solar l best technology so we are reducing on the _ carbon emissions. right now we are 2,000 women farmers, - three — years' time we could teach three years' time we could teach years' time we could teach 10,000 women farmers. the farmers network- we are building is a direct or indirect farmers network, we can see clearly! millionl farmers' lives we can impact. india is vast and diverse. identifying the right produce and the right geography and creating a market for it is a challenge. but solutions like these, if scaled up, can help millions of india's poorest farmers reduce waste and grow their incomes.

in the race to reduce emissions, plans to build windfarms are sky—rocketing. but while the electricity they generate is clean, the green industry has a waste problem, and now the race is on to try and solve that, as adrian murray has been finding out. these towering machines are getting ever more powerful. nowhere is that more on show than at this test centre in northern denmark. it is the latest and biggest turbines that they have, the prototypes. this is like seeing and tasting the future right here. the largest, a staggering 208 metres high, has broken world records for the most power. and experts say they're only getting bigger. this race towards bigger and bigger turbines will continue for a while more. we are looking into the possibility of creating a new test centre in denmark, and the design turbine we are designing for is 50 metres from ground to highest tip.

by 2030, wind power could supply a fifth of the world's electricity, we need clean energy but this green industry of the world's electricity. we need clean energy, but this green industry has a growing headache when it comes to waste. turbines are built to withstand the forces withstand the forces of nature. they're flexible, light and super strong. but that's also where the problem lies. when they reach the end of life, they're really hard to recycle. while the steel in the towers can be reused, the massive blades are almost indestructible. and as older models are replaced, many get dumped in landfill. by 2050, there could be 43 million tons of redundant blades globally that need to be dealt with. it is problematic because we want the renewable energy to be truly sustainable,

and if you have a waste material that goes to landfilling, it's not truly sustainable. it's a problem players have been scrambling to figure out. and we might now have some answers. there have been creative ways of reusing wind turbine blades, like this bike shed. they've even been repurposed for playgrounds, bridges and building cladding. but this will not really tackle the growing volumes. but this won't really tackle the growing volumes. one immediate solution is to chop up and finely shred them. it's burned as fuel and used as an ingredient for cement production. this us plant has already handled more than 3,400 unwanted blades. now, turbine makers siemens gamesa have had a breakthrough of its own. it manufactures some of the world's biggest

blades at its site here. and while this one looks like any other, it can be recycled. it all comes down to a resin called epoxy, which acts like a really strong superglue, binding together the fibreglass. usually, this is incredibly tough to break down, but not here. we change something in the backbone of the chemistry, this has gone through our recycling process. we just turn it around. you can see all the different glass hairs placed through in the production of the blade and how they are separating from the blade. to do that, it needs to be soaked in a big bath of mild acetic acid. after a few hours at 80 celsius, then you get the result you see here. so it's just like vinegar in a supermarket?

exactly like you would make pickles or descale your coffee pot. i can actually smell that. there is a scent of vinegar coming from the blade. this won't tackle today's waste, but when these blades retire, the materials could go into making other things. we could be furniture, suitcases, you can use it for surfboard manufacture,etc. so, in general, consumer goods. but not new turbines? not as it is right now, but i'm never going to say never. so far, only a small number have been number have been installed, but they will soon be used for bigger offshore projects here in europe. at this research lab, scientists are taking a different approach. this was a part of a wind turbine that was decommissioned. basically put the chip there and you add a catalyst. they have discovered a chemical process that gently breaks

apart the components. precise details are still under wraps, but it turns out it's relatively simple. these are the glass fibres which king of come apart a little bit... yes, i can see those. ..because they're not bound together any more. it's very clearly separated into its different components. that means the fibres and even the type epoxy resin could be recovered and potentially reused. this has been quite remarkable. we thought these materials were extremely strong and indestructible, now we found the chemical processing can chew its way through the epoxy. and, in theory, it could work on all kinds of turbine blades, already out there. what we find exciting is we're the first to be able to do that. materials — not only confined to the wind turbine industry, there's the aeronautic industry, space industry, cars. this technology still needs to make the leap from a test test tube to the real world. but, with new solutions

on the table, perhaps this growing waste problem could be headed off before it gets too big. and that's it for our round—up of some of the latest sustainability stories. hope you've enjoyed them. from sweden and from me and my electric ferry, thanks for watching. and...i wonder what this does? hello there. the weather so far this year has been making the news headlines for all the wrong reasons, with flooding, rain — it has been very unsettled. if we take a look at the satellite picture throughout this week, you can see areas of low pressure pushing their way from west to east, only to be replaced by another. and even once the significant lows have moved away,

we've seen a rash of pretty frequent showers. but looking further ahead into next week, high pressure is going to build — we haven't seen this for quite some time. the isobars will open out, the winds will fall light. clear skies by day will lead to some frost and fog, but it will lead to a quieter story. and we'll start to see the first signs of that this weekend. largely dry. there'll be some cloud around, but it will feel noticeably colder. now, as we go into saturday, we will have some lingering cloud to the east of the pennines from a weakening weather front, still quite windy up into the far north, and here, still some showers into the northern isles. but there will be a slice of finer weather with a few isolated coastal showers and temperatures around 5—9 celsius. now, as we move out of saturday into sunday, this high pressure continues to build in from the west and it's going to merge with this one across into scandinavia. the winds will fall pretty light. early—morning mist and fog

could be an issue, some of it slow to lift. and with that slight north—easterly across lincolnshire, down into east anglia and the south—east, could have a rogue shower through essex and kent. here, it'll feel a little cooler with any exposure to that breeze, and the temperatures a little bit below par for the time of year. clear skies by day will lead to clear skies overnight. frost and fog could be an issue, notjust monday into tuesday morning, but throughout the week, particularly where the winds fall light. so, monday morning, we will see a little more in the way of cloud around. we will be chasing cloud from time to time. that north—easterly breeze particularly bringing some cloud into east yorkshire, lincolnshire, east anglia and the south—east. and those temperatures perhaps at around 3—5 celsius. there will be some brighter spells the further west with a little more shelter from that breeze. the high pressure is going to drift its way steadily westwards. going to drift its way the winds still circulating around that high in a clockwise direction. so, with any exposure along that east coast, it could be a little bit fresher, but with the fresher breeze on tuesday, that should help to shift the cloud and there should be a little more sunshine coming through on tuesday.

still not a particularly warm day, 3—5 celsius. certainly going to be a shock to the system as we haven't seen temperatures like this for quite some time. now, the high pressure not moving very far very fast, just drifting its way slowly north—westwards, the wind direction coming round to more of a north—easterly. so, with that longer sea track, we'll see more cloud coming in off the north sea, so that means cloudier skies for eastern scotland, north—east england in particular, and perhaps hopefully a little more sunshine through central and southern areas. so, top temperatures, again, similar values through much of the week, but we're looking around 4—7 celsius the high. now, as we move further ahead, it looks likely that the high pressure is going to start to lose its grip and allow low pressure to move in from the north. and with that northerly wind starting to kick in, it may well turn colder still, darker blues, the temperatures falling away, and that could bring some showers as well, particularly into the north. and with those temperatures below par, well,

some of those showers could be wintry in nature. but on the whole, a good deal of dry weather for the following week. enjoy.

live from washington,

this is bbc news. the un's humanitarian chief says gaza has now become uninhabitable as israel continues its bombardment of the strip. with unrest threatening to spread across the middle east antony blinken arrives in turkey for another trip to the region. and three months on from the october seven attacks, those taken hostage by hamas from the nova music festival is at the site, still open for their return. —— still hoping. hello, i'm carl nasman. is republic war against us is continuing amid renewed humanitarian concerns for those living in the region. —— israel's war against hamas. the un says the bombardment has rendered the territory uninhabitable. it is from this statement, where he says gaza

has become a place of death and despair.