eruption last month. several houses have been set on fire and the local authorities have declared an emergency in the area 100 days after hamas attacked israel, triggering war in gaza, relatives of the hostages taken on that dayjoin a rally in tel aviv. the head of the un's agency for palestinians has described the death and destruction since october the seventh as a stain on our shared humanity. five people have died after a boat sank, as they tried to cross the channel from france. and frederik the tenth is now the king of denmark, following the formal abdication of his mother, queen margrethe. more than 100—thousand danes gathered in copenhagen to witness his historic succession. now on bbc news — click.

this week we are riding wheels of steel with a swedish scooter that is flat pack as is furniture. we dance with the metal. joe is investigating the future of passwords and passcodes and they are looking a little different. it is probably not enough to fool you, but a machine. ai in agriculture. how ai is helping agriculture. and the robot that... we'll be able to gather many things.

scooters. they're lean, nifty, greener than cars — really green if they're electric. but there's one thing about them that could still be greener — the way they're made and what they're made from. this is stilride 1. it has one very unusual feature — its chassis is made from one piece of steel.

all the curves, all the lines have been folded like origami. it follows a design by their creator. with curve folding, we dance with the metal. the reason is notjust about aesthetics. see, a typical scooter is assembled in special factories from more than 100 parts and then, it's shipped around the world. but for this bike, all that would need to be sent anywhere is the design. because a bike — if you would send a bike in a crate, you're shipping air. you don't want to ship air. whether you're in sweden, you're in england, you'll probably find sheet metal, right? so, it's better to send the code rather than to send yourfinal product. that's a very, very efficient way to do it, you know? so, you want to produce

near the end customer. i've been given permission to fire the laser. the plan is for locally sourced steel to be laser—cut into a flat chassis pattern and then for robots to bend it into the right shape — like these ones are currently doing for other simpler objects. all in all, there are 15 components, including a saddle that also starts life flat. and once it's all been folded up, it comes here to be welded, and it looks like this. while the design is still being perfected, the prototypes are bent manually. the curved folds in particular are hard to get your head around. stilride has developed its own software to calculate how to get the shapes that they need with help from a hand—cranked folding machine — back at the office, that is. but i know what you're thinking —

without all those bolts and screws and separate supports, can a folded piece of metal be strong enough to ride around on? if you put a straight fold into a material, it doesn't become that strong because even if you lock one side of the fold, it can carry on bending, like that. but if you put a curved fold into a material, then as you change the shape on one side of the fold, it forces the other side into a particular shape, too. and that means if you lock this side into position, the whole structure becomes rigid. the best example i've seen of that is your french fries container, which is pretty flimsy when you're only using the straight folds on the edge. but there are two curved folds on the bottom and if you engage those, the whole thing locks into place and your chips don't fall out. the bike that we created now — or the chassis that we've done for the stilride1 —

compared to a competitor bike, it's a tubular frame, a typical scooter. we created a chassis that's even 50 times stronger or more stiff, rigid than the tubular frame. stilride has bigger ambitions than just two wheels of steel. parts of larger vehicles could also be made this way, along with the footings for wind turbines that would imitate tree roots. and really? whole bridges? well, maybe sections. one step at a time, though. the scooter goes into production later this year and it'll cost 15,000 euros. that was bringing back memories of trying to build flat pack furniture.

if i was to ask you your mother's maiden name and the place that you were born in the name of your first pet, would you tell me? no! correct. because? you would have enough to reset my password. and then we've realised that we've got so many passwords and so many website you don't know what with desperate what goes with which. but, we might be able to leave passwords behind because there is work being done on passwords without passwords. it's where your phone will vouch for you, they are called pass keys. here comesjoe in a mask and a wig. passkey. you might not have heard of them, but pass keys are how we stay safe online. dozen of internet sites hope that this will finally kill off the password. what are pass keys and why are they a step up from what we've been doing all these heres? if you think about pass keys on a door, you get

in by putting your pass code. this is obviously insecure. because all the other person needs code or the password and they are in. the passkey acts a little bit like a keycard, it checks who i am as well as if i have the right code. but with pass keys, it is all done on a device and a clever encryption. setting up a passkey takes a few minutes to make the online service asks you to identify your identity from the device it's not hard, but it is more of a hassle to set up than a password. wise�*s huge shift taking place and is it worth it? well, passwords have always been a terrible way to keep us safe. how bad our passwords as a security measure? awful. i would say if a company is restricting things only bypass what your 100% vulnerable.

this woman is a hacker for the good guys. she's been breaking into compare companies for your to help them improve. nine out of ten times you go into an environment i tried the password winter 2023, you're going to get a few accounts. we find that people frequently use seated passwords. and then across every password they just change it minuscule amount. pass keys are going to help things? yes. it will make yourjob harder. yes, definitely harder, but the field is always changing. pass keys will make things more secure if you are willing to put the work in. you have got to have really complex passwords across every different online service, impossible to remember and then you need a password manager, then you need to have multifactor authentication as well.

so if you're trying to login on the service you don't normally have on this device, it is a hassle. of course this has been difficult to get the larger public to do all of this. whether we like it or not, the future of logging in online is through our phones with thumbprints, pin codes and increasingly facial id. but how safe is your face? well here in the fraud lab they think like criminals and try to trick login services and improve security. it is probably not enough to fool you, but a platform machines. you can make the two dd version very easily at home. it is very unsophisticated, it is low—tech. these masks vary in quality. the trick as it might look like some of the people on the document,

but what we have found increasingly that we have found more and more confessional fraudsters. they want to ramp it up. they want to be doing 700 checks or attempts. instead of using masks they use deepfakes on the biometric side of things. i am now you. if you smile, you will have my smile. that is my smile. that is the weird thing the photo does not have my smile on it. because you sent us a single front on shot, this is not from the video. this is from a still picture. yes. now we are both you. come and have a look. come be me. that isjoe the cameraman. the speed of innovation in fraud

is always warring but never more so than in the last year as deepfake tech has become more sophisticated and readily available. if you look around the edge of the screen you can see... i was just going to ask how you spot it, but you can see a little bit of this pattern. it is distortion. if you look around the edge of my face, when i move, sometimes you can see there is a bit of a distortion as it switches. this is the thing... you are obviously trained for this. and it is becoming harder and harder for people, human beings to spot this which is why we are training machines to do it p back even with advances in deepfake, things like facial id is an improvement on passwords. nothing will ever be hacker proof, but pass keys mean it will be brighter for our futures online. i'm shiona mccallum and it's time for a look at this week's tech news.

apple has started paying out in a us class action lawsuit over claims it deliberately slowed down certain iphones. claimants could receive around $92 each from the $500 million settlement reached in 2020. apple said at the time it denied any wrongdoing but was concerned with ongoing legal costs. a new substance has been discovered which could reduce lithium use in batteries by up to 70%. the material has since been used to power a light bulb. we think that the opportunity for new energy technology, it will be absolutely amazing and it's absolutely required as well and so, it does fit into our sustainability goals. 0ld green cabinets usually storing broadband and phone cabling will be converted into electric vehicle charging points on some uk streets. with many of the metal cabinets nearing end of life, bt hopes up to 60,000 of them can be

converted to help tackle shortfalls in electric car chargers. and ces returned with transparent tvs, ai companions and more vr headsets among the gadgets on display in las vegas. tune back into click next week for a look at this year's techfest. ai is touching every part of our lives and the food that ends up on our table is no different, but could the tech really helped farmers transform the way that they produce crops? 0ur correspondent in india has been finding out. indian farmers have traditionally relied upon generational wisdom and experience to make decisions on the feed.

they are now faced with climate change and ever depleting resources, so the need is for them to have efficient and more sustainable solutions. can artificial intelligence be the answer? this vineyard in southern india is testing it out. by using devices that are removing guesswork in assessing conditions on the farm and with the crop. the whole system. at the top there are microclimate sensors which measures rainfall and wind direction. then you have solar sensors which measured sunlight exposure. then you have sensors for humanity to see how much moisture is on the leaf. and all that goes to the brain of the system. this company uses artificial intelligence to analyse the data collected from the sensors. this is where ai comes in to help analyse this data.

it looks at the data that comes from the farm, it looks at what crop the farmer is growing, what is the requirement of that crop at that stage and it uses all this information and process it and reduces a certain outcome in simple language and manner that farmers can understand. through a mobile app, farmers receive guidance on when to water the crops, spray pesticides. this farmer has been using this service daily on his vineyard to address a problem that happens to many. there are no ground water sources and we are growing it from water that we purchased outside of the farm. water is very precious for us.

with the ai data we are now able to know when the crops really need the water and do so only at the crucial stage and it saves on 50% of the water we use to give it. this is only one part of decision—making, weeding out inefficiencies in the existing age old agricultural practices is also crucial. this robot is helping farmers save major costs on fertilisers and pesticides. this machine makes spraying chemicals more efficient. you are doing some precision spraying here. can you explain to us this technology and how the cameras work? this specific field

here, there is a lot of distance between two rows. and even between two plants there is significant distance where there is nothing to be sprayed. as the sprayer moves, the camera real—time detects where the spray should be applied, specifically on the plant. and it turns off the nozzles where there are no plans. and that saves over 50% of costs of chemicals. these have been deployed on 50 farms but are limited to just seven crops and that is because the machine needs volumes of data which are photos of the plants to learn from and build models for each crop. over the last five years we have captured about 8.2 million images across seven crops and not only that, the numbers is impressive, but also how varied the data is.

we have seen how the plant looks at seven in the morning versus 1pm and 5pm. it is like very different plans. conducting rural communities is very important and the government is looking into that. the promise of profitability through data—driven farming need significant time and investment to reach the majority of india's farmers. next up we've been talking to a start up as they look to resolve two issues with what innovation. ——to resolve two issues with one innovation. this is about an invasive seaweed which turns out to be a problem for marine life and people. there have been several incidences in the caribbean of people dying. people, get ready for this smell tomorrow. a seaweed called sargassum has

been making headlines. out in the open ocean, it provides a marine habitat but when it hits our coasts, it becomes problematic. from releasing gases which can be harmful to human health to impacting local tourism and fishing, these massive, buoyant mats, which stretch like a carpet across the atlantic, make up the great sargassum belt. being more than 5,000 miles long, it's wider than brazil. and last year, it weighed over 2a million tonnes, making it a continent—sized blob of seaweed. in fact, it is so vast that it's visible from space and scientists have been studying its explosion using satellite imagery. the exact reasons for the boom are unclear but it's believed that rising temperatures and agricultural waste are contributing

to the excessive growth. and on the other side of the world, there's a company trying to fight it. just like any other plant, seaweed photosynthesises. and because it absorbs carbon faster than trees, there's also a lot of potential. and a team here is using this to their advantage. they are building a semi—autonomous ocean robot to sink the sargassum and the c02 it captures to the bottom of the sea. doing so, they prevent sargassum from hitting shores whilst fighting global warming. the ipcc has projected in their most optimistic pathway, which is 1.5 degrees or less, that we will need to remove from the atmosphere ten billion tonnes of carbon every single year by 2050, which would be in terms of volume the largest industry

that has ever existed. if you're looking for a good place to put carbon, the deep ocean is perfect. you have more carbon than there is the upper ocean and the entire terrestrial sphere combined. the algaray is designed to go across the surface of the water and take the sargassum into its cavity, much like it's doing with these ducks here. once it's full, it dives down to 200m, at which point the water pressure crushes the air bladders that keep it afloat and the sargassum sinks down to the seabed. there it's locked away for many hundreds, if not thousands, of years. the first version of the algaray was attached to a remote—controlled catamaran, whereas the final version is going to be a 10m—long submersible powered by green energy. bagpipes skirl.

the whole thing is going to be covered in solar panels... 0h, 0k. ..so there'll be quite a bit of available energy to drive sensors. so in here already, we've got depth temperature and a camera on the front. and then, in the future, we'll be able to gather, like, information about wind speeds, temperatures on the surface and map everything. using this information, they are creating machine learning training data which will then enable the algaray to increasingly make its own decisions, such as coordinating with other algarays to gather the mats. but for now, it's time to test the second prototype. cheering. applause. that was relatively quick but that's not how it's going to be in the end? this is only going down to 3m,

so it should actually only take a couple of minutes to go down. in the field, the whole thing would be a ten—minute cycle. the aim is for it to be buried, to go into that long carbon cycle. it's sort of like saying, "we're making the oil "of the future." anything that was oil was once marine biomass, so it makes a lot of sense to us to start using that as one of the pathways that you could use to get to large—scale carbon dioxide removals but also unlock this tremendous opportunity, but also this tremendous need to rebalance our atmosphere. it's a start—up in its infancy and one company alone cannot solve the problem but facing the threats of global warming, it's another innovation to help win the race against climate change. that is it for this week, but next week how we got a show for you. it is the biggest tech show of the year, the consumer electronics show in las vegas.

see you there. she can't wait, i can't wait. hopefully we will see you there. hopefully see you in vegas. goodbye! hello there. this upcoming week is looking even colder. it could be the coldest spell of the winter so far thanks to arctic northerlies, which will bring significant snow showers into northern parts of the uk, but even around other coasts as well. and nights will be cold, severe frost and ice to watch out for. so arctic northerlies already across scotland, pushing their way southwards as we head through tonight into the first part of monday. and frequent snow showers will be blown in on a strong northerly wind, giving rise to some blizzard conditions here.

risk of ice as well by the end of the night. it's very windy across the northern isles and wintry showers around coasts, but dry and clear through central areas, but a very cold night to come wherever you are. so for monday, then, it's a crisp, sunny start for many. and we hold on to the sunshine, i think, for large parts of the country. wintry showers continuing to be draped around coastal areas, even running down through the irish sea, pembrokeshire, south—west england, but frequent and heavy snow showers leading to significant accumulations across northern scotland. 0n the face of it, temperatures just a few degrees above freezing. when you factor in the wind, it's going to feel subzero for most of us and bitterly cold across central, northern scotland. so, that's monday out of the way — tuesday we look to this feature, which will push in from the west. now, this could bring some disruptive snow, a bit more widespread to the northern half of the country. certainly through tuesday morning.

there'll be a wintry mix of rain, sleet and snow for northern ireland. we could see some widespread snow across scotland, including the central belt, and it could come down quite thick and fast and also northern england, maybe north wales before it clears out into the north sea. frequent snow showers again for the far north of scotland. a few wintry showers elsewhere. otherwise, it's mostly dry, sunny and cold for large parts of england and wales. and we also need to look at this area of low pressure which will move across france. some models want to bring it a little bit further northwards, which could bring some disruptive snow to southern england. at the moment, it looks like it'll be to the south of the channel. could see a little bit of snow perhaps for the channel islands, maybe south—east kent. but for most on wednesday, it's another dry cold, largely sunny one with snow showers mainly affecting northern scotland. and it stays cold for the end of the week as well. further snow showers across northern areas. i've got inverness on the chart there, very cold as well, but best of the sunshine will always be further south, despite the cold.

live from london, this is bbc news. a volcano erupts in iceland — the fifth occurrence on the reykyanayss peninsula since 2021. this is the scene live there as molten lava spews from the ground. 100 days after hamas attacked israel — and israel started its war on gaza — relatives of israeli hostages join a rally in tel aviv, while the un describes the situation inside gaza as a stain on our shared humanity. five people have died after a boat sank as they tried to cross the channel from france. frederik x is now the king

of denmark following the formal abdication of his mother, queen margrethe. tens of thousands of danes gathered in copenhagen to witness his historic succession. hello, i'm azadeh moshiri. welcome to the programme. we begin with the latest from iceland. a volcano has erupted near the fishing town of grindavik in the south—west of the country. these are the live pictures of the area — and while it's now dark there, you can still see the lava glowing and smoke rising over the skyline. and these pictures from a little earlier today show some houses set on fire by the molten lava. now, remember this follows a similar eruption in the same area last month — but this time it's much closer to the town. people living in homes nearby have already left the area. and local authorities have declared an emergency.

grindavik lies about a0 kilometres from iceland's capital, reykjavik.