and here are the live images, as lava flows from the volcano in southwest iceland, near the town of grindavik. hello, i'm matthew amroliwala, welcome to verified live — we start with the developing situation in the red sea region. in the last couple of hours, it's been confirmed that the us—owned cargo ship has been hit in the gulf of aden by a ballistic missile, fired by the houthis in yemen. last week, british and american forces carried out bombing raids on houthi rebels, who have been targeting commercial shipping in the vital shipping lanes. on sunday, the houthis fired on a us warship again. the us central command x account has tweeted about today's the strike, saying...

it added that... speaking a short time ago in the house of commons, the uk prime minister, rishi sunak, gave mps an update on the military strikes in yemen. i want to be clear that these were limited strikes. they were carefully targeted at launch sites for drones and ballistic missiles to degrade the houthis�*s capacity to make further attacks on international

shipping. i can tell the house today that our initial assessment is that all 13 planned targets were destroyed. at the drone and crucial desk cruise missile base, nine buildings were hit. a further three buildings were hit. a further three buildings were hit at the airfield, along with a cruise missile loss logic on the open. we've seen no evidence thus far of civilian casualties, which we took great care to avoid —— cruise missile launcher. i know the house willjoin me in paying tribute to all our brave servicemen and women. this is the most serious incidents since those attacks, targeting toothy positions yemen last week. the us military says this container ship was struck by an anti—ship ballistic missile —— houthi

positions. it was fired from yemen, there was no significant damage, no injuries, and that they say this vessel is continuing its journey. again, the houthis had said they would retaliate following those attacks that had hit more than 60 locations, targets across yemen. in the houthis have been saying that they are carrying out those attacks targeting commercial ships in response to the israeli war against hamas in gaza. they say that these attacks will continue, they've accused the americans and the british of an escalation on behalf of israel. it is interesting that we've heard from rishi sunak, the british prime minister, saying that these attacks are not related to the situation in gaza, that this is about guaranteeing freedom of navigation in the red sea. these attacks have been carried out by the houthis have caused major

disruptions or global trade — we've seen that companies have had to divert their vessels and now going around the cape of good hope, and africa, adding extra costs to the journeys, also adding ten extra days to those journeys. so a lot of economic disruption, there's been concerns about possible impact that these attacks could have on the global economy. so the americans in the british say that these attacks have been targeted and limited, and that this action has been taken to again guarantee the safety of vessels and the freedom of navigation. but earlier today, vessels and the freedom of navigation. but earliertoday, he who the leader today said these attacks would continue unless there is a cease—fire in gaza. attacks would continue unless there is a cease-fire in gaza.— is a cease-fire in gaza. hugo pachec0- _ joining me now is major generaljonathan shaw, former uk assistant chief of defence staff and a leading expert on international security. thank you so much for being here on

the programme. let's start with this latest incident, because it's what many people feared and, that those attacks on friday wouldn't stop the who the attacks in the red sea. yes. who the attacks in the red sea. yes, i think that's — who the attacks in the red sea. yes, i think that's an _ i think that's an entirely predictable response. 0ne i think that's an entirely predictable response. one of the challenges we face is knowing how to deal with the houthis, given that we should release debts realised by now they don't have the same mentalities as we do. they have their own particular way of doing things, and their own response to being attacked. and i think that they are backing up their language with a response to our attacks. so this shouldn't really surprise us. but we have to be quite clear on is how we will escalate this to make sure we are effective, and that's when the real challenge begins.— are effective, and that's when the real challenge begins. before i get to that point. _ real challenge begins. before i get to that point, do _ real challenge begins. before i get to that point, do the _ real challenge begins. before i get to that point, do the strikes - real challenge begins. before i get to that point, do the strikes make| to that point, do the strikes make sense to you militarily and strategically?— sense to you militarily and strategically? sense to you militarily and strateuicall ? ~ . , , .,~ strategically? militarily, they make sense. if someone _ strategically? militarily, they make

sense. if someone is _ strategically? militarily, they make sense. if someone is firing - strategically? militarily, they make sense. if someone is firing at - sense. if someone is firing at ships, you launch a strike back to take the missiles out, that makes military sense. strategically as the big question, what's the and again? what does success look like? my concern is that the houthis will be attacking ships for military reasons, and the military and military tools are bad at delivering clinical outcomes. we saw in iraq and afghanistan. it's very easy to start a military campaign, it's very hard to stop it. so my concern is that yes, you can count all kinds of justifications why this attack was necessary — but this will not play out very easily. necessary - but this will not play out very easily-— out very easily. and in terms of how the houthis — out very easily. and in terms of how the houthis might _ out very easily. and in terms of how the houthis might respond, - out very easily. and in terms of how the houthis might respond, we - out very easily. and in terms of how the houthis might respond, we had | out very easily. and in terms of how| the houthis might respond, we had a flavour of it perhaps today, but in your assessment, are there multiple potential dangers here?— potential dangers here? absolutely, of course there _ potential dangers here? absolutely, of course there are. _ potential dangers here? absolutely, of course there are. the _ potential dangers here? absolutely, of course there are. the good - potential dangers here? absolutely, of course there are. the good newsl of course there are. the good news is that all the signs are that iran

does not want an escalation in conflict, america doesn't and israel doesn't. so the big players don't want it to happen. however, once you get the small players involved, who knows what will happen? events sometimes have a way of running away with themselves. so the potential for this to escalate outside the big players's control is huge, and indeed has gone up considerably. already quite a lot of shipping is having to navigate to avoid that area. are there things that houthis can do apart from the things we've seen already that actually could make things worse? i seen already that actually could make things worse?— make things worse? i think of international _ make things worse? i think of international trade _ make things worse? i think of international trade has - make things worse? i think of| international trade has already adjusted, it is simply a matter of increased expense, then we should almost breathe a sigh of a relief because and we can forget about this weapon. but the fact that we've decided to defend this and fight over this issue will make it more

complicated, because i think the houthis — what little i know of their mentality — they will have a revenge mentality and try to hit us again, and they can do that by terrorism internationally, they can do that by scattering mines in the red sea, even more radical than what they're doing at the moment, and certainly cause more damage and death, and a greater economic cost. so i think there are ways that they can exert influence, and we just need to be ready for it. can exert influence, and we “ust need to be ready for it.�* can exert influence, and we “ust need to be ready for it. yes, more broadl , need to be ready for it. yes, more broadly. the _ need to be ready for it. yes, more broadly. the you — need to be ready for it. yes, more broadly, the you uk _ need to be ready for it. yes, more broadly, the you uk defence - broadly, the you uk defence secretary has been talking about this, talking about the number of global challenges very similar to what david cameron was saying yesterday, the speech from grant shapps add elements to convey strength but it couldn't rectify years of neglect — what did you actually mean by that? 50.

years of neglect - what did you actually mean by that?- actually mean by that? so, i went into the mod _ actually mean by that? so, i went into the mod in _ actually mean by that? so, i went into the mod in 1990 _ actually mean by that? so, i went into the mod in 1990 when the i actually mean by that? so, i went - into the mod in 1990 when the berlin wall had just come down. i took part in an exercise called 0ptions wall had just come down. i took part in an exercise called options for change gall which basically slashed british defence expenditure and assets because there was no longer a russian threat on the mainland, so we took a peace dividend. the logic now, given we've got a rampaging russia on the shore which is just threatening, but actually conducting warfare — the logic should be that we should reinvest that peace dividend back into defence. no clearly we won't do that, but ease and as julian clearly we won't do that, but ease and asjulian lewis said in the house of commons this afternoon, and the times of the falklands war, we had twice the number of frigates and twice the number of government expenditure. the government keeps hiding behind his 2% nato target of expenditure on defense— in the falklands, we had 4.5%, the estimate of what was required. given we face the same threats now as we did in

1982, you could say that's how much money we need. that's really what i was talking about. bud money we need. that's really what i was talking about.— was talking about. and you have the obvious threat _ was talking about. and you have the obvious threat from _ was talking about. and you have the obvious threat from russia, - was talking about. and you have the obvious threat from russia, but - was talking about. and you have the j obvious threat from russia, but also the potential with taiwan and china, and the stretch there, and you also have potentially the us presidential election coming up, we know what donald trump has said potentially about withdrawing from nato — are we at the stage where various western governments need to be making contingencies about a potential trump arrival? i contingencies about a potential trump arrival?— trump arrival? i would be very surprised _ trump arrival? i would be very surprised if— trump arrival? i would be very surprised if quietly, _ trump arrival? i would be very surprised if quietly, behind - trump arrival? i would be very - surprised if quietly, behind closed doors, people are having serious conversations about how they'll to that. although this conservative government will find it difficult to admit it, the need for a european defence force is growing by the day. and in terms of how you would actually go about doing that, the cost of that, even the politics of

that, i mean that is hugely problematic, isn't it? fit that, i mean that is hugely problematic, isn't it? of course, absolutely! _ problematic, isn't it? of course, absolutely! and _ problematic, isn't it? of course, absolutely! and you _ problematic, isn't it? of course, absolutely! and you could - problematic, isn't it? of course, absolutely! and you could say i problematic, isn't it? of course, l absolutely! and you could say that we only managed it because of america's strong leadership and the fact that america provided the essential glue and assets to make it work. we are now facing the consequence of that reliance on americans because that threat of a trumpian withdrawal from nato should really be focusing mines in europe about how we build european defence. fascinating talking to you, thank you so much forjoining us live here on bbc news, thanks for your time. thank you. one person has been killed and at least 17 people injured in a stabbing and car—ramming attack in the central israeli city of ranana, north of tel aviv, according to israeli medics. two palestinian relatives from the occupied west bank are said

to have been arrested. israeli police say that an initial investigation suggests the two palestinians, from hebron, were working illegally in israel. the incident comes as israeli forces continue their attacks in gaza. the health ministry there says more than 2a,000 palestinians have now been killed since the war began. 0ur correspondent wyre davis is following developments from jerusalem. of course the background in this is ever since october 7th, notwithstanding what happened there on that date, but what's happened since in and around gaza, tensions are very high in israel itself, and of course in the palestinian territories as well. and this is the latest in what has been several attacks by palestinians, or palestinian militants on israeli targets or civilians in israel itself. and what we understand happened earlier today was that in granada, at least to palestinians for the west bank were working

illegally in israel, accompanied 2—3 vehicles and proceeded to stab, then ram israeli civilians. now as you said, 17 have been known to be injured with various degrees of energy, or injuries. 0ne injured with various degrees of energy, or injuries. one woman died from what has thought to be initial stab wounds. there's lots of security at the scene and this is the latest in a series of sporadic attacks ever since october 7th, about 23 israeli civilians have been killed since that day, but this must be taken in the context — there have been attacked by israeli settlers and soldiers in the palestinian west bank, three palestinians have been killed today, one in durer, near hebron, and another. the two killed were a young woman and young man, and more than 300 palestinian militants and civilians have been killed either by israeli settlers or israeli forces since october 7th. this is a complex issue and it

reflects the increasing tensions not just in gaza and on the northern border between his —— hezbollah and israel, but the occupied west bank. one israeli citizen and 0ne israeli citizen and three citizens in the west bank. around the world and across the uk, this is bbc news. let's look at some other stories making news here in the uk. two men have beenjailed for life for the murder of a 14—year—old girl in west dunbartonshire in 1996. robert o'brien and andrew kelly arranged to meet caroline glackun and then repeatedly punched, kicked, and threw bricks at her. a woman has also been found guilty of the murder, but has yet to be sentenced. junior doctors in wales have begun three days of industrial action over their pay. thousands of appointments and operations have been cancelled. the welsh government says urgent care will continue but it has urged people to avoid going to hospital unless necessary. there are around 4,000 junior doctors in wales making up forty percent of the medical workforce.

-- 4096. the british library says its main catalogue with more than 36 million records is returning online following a major cyber attack last year. it's the first significant step in the restoration of services for readers and researchers after the hack. but the library has warned that full recovery of all its services will be "a gradual process". you're live with bbc news. a review looking into child abuse in rochdale, in the northwest of england, has found young girls were left at the mercy of paedophile grooming gangs because police and council leaders failed to protect them. the report examined how young people mainly white girls from poor backgrounds were preyed upon by asian men between 2004 and 2013. 0ur north of england reporter rowan bridge reports. get...in. we're just going for us breakfast. get...in.

don't cross me. it was a bbc documentary and this drama which prompted today's report. they highlighted allegations the police and authorities had repeatedly failed to tackle the sexual exploitation of girls in rochdale. the report says that was true, repeatedly. the report being published today | finds unequivocally that failures | that could and should have been avoided were, in fact, repeated. and successive police investigations over several years were insufficiently resourced and failed to properly investigate allegations. this woman was a victim of exploitation in rochdale as a child. she wants someone to face consequences for what happened to her. i just want answers as to why it happened because they use excuses and excuses. i want to know who is accountable for the neglect and the abuse that i suffered. i was a looked after child. parental rights were taken away

from my mum and dad so somebody had parental rights for me. somebody must be held accountable for what happened to me as a child. for rochdale council and greater manchester police, today was a moment for contrition and promises the failures of the past would not be repeated. i know that some who might have thought that they had got away with these dreadful crimes are now living in fear that a reckoning is coming. my message to these people is that you are right to be fearful. and you may be the next person that we arrest. but not everyone's convinced attitudes have changed. maggie 0liver was the canary in the coal mine in rochdale. a former police officer who said the force's response wasn't adequate. she has helped many victims but fears the same mistakes are still being made. this report talks about the past. but what i want to do is to bring it from the past into the present -

and into the future. because my work in the maggie 0liver foundation now means that _ i have current information- about what is going on today. and i would say categorically, and i'm sorry, mr watson, - but the failures that happened then are still happening now. _ greater manchester police's current approach will be judged later this year. this report covers the past. but present practice will be covered in a further report due in the summer. in 2023, five men, four of south asian heritage, and one white british, were jailed for sexually abusing girls in rochdale. the jury was told the town was synonymous with grooming. the shadow cast by this scandal is a long one. its impact is still being felt. republican voters in the state of iowa are preparing to take part in the caucases that mark the first test of the us presidential election year. donald trump is way ahead in the opinion polls,

with the former un ambassador, nikki haley, and the governor of florida, ron desantis, in a tight race for second place. 0ur correspondent nomia iqbal braved the cold in iowa to speak to us earlier. iowa is used to this every four years, the presidential cycle here, they find themselves in the centre of it. this is a very quiet, corn producing midwestern state— but they get used to politicians descending onto the stage, trying to get their votes. i have to say, if there's anything other than politics that gets people talking a lot, it's the weather. and the weather has dominated conversation. iowa is used to the cold, but this is record—breaking temperature— right now, it's around —25 celsius. it sounds weird to say this, but it doesn't feel as cold as it felt yesterday, the day before, because there's no wind at the moment, so it's the wind—chill that really gets you. and wouldn't i've been speaking to people, i've been asking them if the weather will affect the turnout,

if it'll make them think twice about going out? some people are still undecided, but the weather is something that may factor into the turnout, we have to see who it benefits and who it doesn't benefit in the end. bud benefits and who it doesn't benefit in the end. �* , , benefits and who it doesn't benefit intheend.�* , , , , in the end. and briefly, presumably all attention — in the end. and briefly, presumably all attention on _ in the end. and briefly, presumably all attention on who _ in the end. and briefly, presumably all attention on who comes - in the end. and briefly, presumably| all attention on who comes second? if nikki haley was to do it, that potentially is a knockout blow for desantis? ., ., desantis? right now ron desantis is ullin: at desantis? right now ron desantis is pulling at around _ desantis? right now ron desantis is pulling at around 1896 _ desantis? right now ron desantis is pulling at around 1896 - _ desantis? right now ron desantis is pulling at around 1896 - politically - pulling at around 18% — politically he's a dead man walking. and for trump, the question isn't if he's going to win or not, it's about how much he wins by. so it's all about second place, both nikki haley and ron desantis will want to do pretty well, so at least get into the 20-30% well, so at least get into the 20—30% area to get the momentum they needin 20—30% area to get the momentum they need in order to get onto the next primary, which is in new hampshire in a few days' time.

the weather has changed everything. roads closed, rallies cancelled, snow drifts. but the show must go on. in this state, agriculture is big business. 0ne on. in this state, agriculture is big business. one third of the pork in the united states comes from iowa. there are seven pigs for every person. iowa. there are seven pigs for every erson. ., ., ., person. there we go, what a beautiful. — person. there we go, what a beautiful, beautiful- person. there we go, what a beautiful, beautiful data - person. there we go, what a i beautiful, beautiful data chore. person. there we go, what a - beautiful, beautiful data chore. hi, babies, is it warm in there? ran beautiful, beautiful data chore. hi, babies, is it warm in there?- babies, is it warm in there? ron is a medium-size — babies, is it warm in there? ron is a medium-size pig _ babies, is it warm in there? ron is a medium-size pig farmer- babies, is it warm in there? ron is a medium-size pig farmer - - babies, is it warm in there? ron is a medium-size pig farmer - the i babies, is it warm in there? ron is l a medium-size pig farmer - the fifth a medium—size pig farmer — the fifth generation of his family to work this land. in accessible roads meant we couldn't make it in person to his farm over the weekend, but farmers will do whatever they can to get to the caucus, he says succulent well, we take democracy the caucus, he says succulent well, we take democra_ the caucus, he says succulent well, we take democracy very serious, as do most iowans. — we take democracy very serious, as do most iowans, and _ we take democracy very serious, as do most iowans, and we _ we take democracy very serious, as do most iowans, and we will - we take democracy very serious, as do most iowans, and we will make| we take democracy very serious, as l do most iowans, and we will make it. i've already heard that snowplows

are going on monday to make sure we can get out from our homes to make the caucus. can get out from our homes to make the caucus-— can get out from our homes to make the caucus. ., ., , , , , the caucus. there are many issues he wants to see — the caucus. there are many issues he wants to see addressed. _ the caucus. there are many issues he wants to see addressed. i'm - the caucus. there are many issues he wants to see addressed. i'm part - the caucus. there are many issues he wants to see addressed. i'm part of. wants to see addressed. i'm part of an industry — wants to see addressed. i'm part of an industry that _ wants to see addressed. i'm part of an industry that is _ wants to see addressed. i'm part of an industry that is an _ wants to see addressed. i'm part of an industry that is an ageing - an industry that is an ageing industry, so i'm concerned about the future of agriculture in terms of the potential, but also in terms of stability for the country. we have brought ground water issues for a long time, and those issues are combinations of over fertilisation — the pesticides or herbicides that we use on our crops are another source of ground water contamination. and if you do crop rotations or if use more than just corn and soybeans, you can mitigate the amount of the herbicides you have to use too. water quality is of particular concern to all iowans as anna gray explains. concern to all iowans as anna gray exlains. ., ,, concern to all iowans as anna gray exlains. ., , ., ., , concern to all iowans as anna gray exlains. ., ., ., , explains. iowa's water quality has

not really seen _ explains. iowa's water quality has not really seen significant - not really seen significant improvements in the last decade or so. improvements in the last decade or so in _ improvements in the last decade or so in fact, — improvements in the last decade or so. in fact, some trends show the levels _ so. in fact, some trends show the levels of— so. in fact, some trends show the levels of nitrate in our waters is actually — levels of nitrate in our waters is actually getting worse. and unfortunately, we know that has negative — unfortunately, we know that has negative health impacts. iowa is the -- plays— negative health impacts. iowa is the -- plays the— negative health impacts. iowa is the —— plays the second—highest cancer in the _ —— plays the second—highest cancer in the country, and the only state to have _ in the country, and the only state to have a — in the country, and the only state to have a rising cancer rate. we don't _ to have a rising cancer rate. we don't know_ to have a rising cancer rate. we don't know exactly the cause of that but, don't know exactly the cause of that but. as— don't know exactly the cause of that but. as we _ don't know exactly the cause of that but, as we are looking to determine that because, we do know that high levels _ that because, we do know that high levels of— that because, we do know that high levels of nitrate do increase risk factors — levels of nitrate do increase risk factors for— levels of nitrate do increase risk factors for cancers and birth defects- _ factors for cancers and birth defects— so prioritising land protection that improves our water quality— protection that improves our water quality is _ protection that improves our water quality is a — protection that improves our water quality is a critical task for us to undertake — quality is a critical task for us to undertake and address public health concerns, _ undertake and address public health concerns, as well as the environmental impacts. in concerns, as well as the environmental impacts. in the last 30 ears, environmental impacts. in the last 30 years. farm _ environmental impacts. in the last 30 years, farm consolidation - environmental impacts. in the last 30 years, farm consolidation has l 30 years, farm consolidation has meant the number of pig farmers has reduced by 80%, making it harder to make a living. chad hart is a professor of economics at iowa state

university. latte professor of economics at iowa state universi . ~ ., , ., ., university. we have seen some of our rices sink university. we have seen some of our prices sink over _ university. we have seen some of our prices sink over the _ university. we have seen some of our prices sink over the last _ university. we have seen some of our prices sink over the last year, - university. we have seen some of our prices sink over the last year, but - prices sink over the last year, but farmers still have opportunities for profit as they are looking forward in 2024. profit as they are looking forward in 2026. we have seen consolidation within farming — and what we tend to see, especially for our younger generation, is they tend to farm and have some sort of off farm job. it's usually related to agriculture, such as selling crop insurance or being in agricultural lending. now there can be some issues that you flare up, like i would say the last time we really saw a big change in the agriculture economy due to the presidency would be with president trump when he got into the trade conflict with china. again, there's a sense of mistrust, if you will, from us farmers especially about the chinese market specifically.— chinese market specifically. iowans ride chinese market specifically. iowans pride themselves _ chinese market specifically. iowans pride themselves on _ chinese market specifically. iowans pride themselves on their - chinese market specifically. iowans pride themselves on their first - chinese market specifically. iowans pride themselves on their first in i pride themselves on their first in the nation status and their tough spirit — so despite the incredibly

cold conditions, they are still determined to come out to caucus. as to who they'll vote for, that's the question. all will soon be revealed. katrina perry, bbc news, iowa. plenty from iowa available on the bbc news website, or watching bbc news. hello there. over the last day or two, we have seen some problems due to snowfall across northern areas of scotland, but worse could be around the corner, i think, for tuesday. the threat of disruptive snow in scotland becomes much more widespread — ore on that in a moment. 0vernight tonight, there will be plenty more of those snow showers packing in across northern scotland with some further significant accumulations. it stays windy, so there'll be some further drifting of the snow and blizzard—like conditions at times — the freezing cold nights —2 to —it in the towns and cities. a lot colder than that, though, in the countryside tomorrow. first of all, england and wales, for most areas, it's a dry day with plenty of sunshine.

the sunshine won't do much for the temperatures, 3—4 celsius for many areas. however, further north, that's where we're looking at the risk of some disruptive weather. an area of low pressure is set to move into this cold air with a spell of disruptive snow. now, the temperatures vary quite a bit across this weather system — for northern ireland, northern england and southern scotland, the air is a little bit milder, so there could be some rain mixed in with that. the snow will be heaviest over hills, whereas on the northern edge of this weather system, the air is cold enough to have the snow come right down to low elevations. and that means through the central lowlands of scotland northwards we're looking at some disruptive snow, 5—10cm, maybe even 20 in a few places. and as well as those low—elevation snow totals, we are looking at similar amounts up over the southern uplands of scotland, and then, through tuesday evening, we'll see some snow arrive across the higher pennines, as well. so there is the risk of some more widespread disruption, i think, through tuesday, central lowlands of scotland, northwards and across the hills of the southern uplands. i think that's where we'll most

likely see the biggest chance of disruption. some cars might get stranded in the heaviest falls of snow by wednesday. an area of low pressure comes in off the atlantic. now, there will be some snow on the northern edge, tickling southern england with the heaviest falls stay in europe 20—30cm over there. that means the most disruptive weather will be again across more northern portions of the uk, another five to as much as 20 centimetres of snow piling in across northern scotland. still with strong winds causing that snow to blow and drift around as well. similar weather on the cards for thursday, but eventually, we do get out of the freezer. this weekend sees a return of wet and windy weather.

this is bbc news. let's turn to our main headlines. the us owned cargo ship has been hit in the gulf by a ballistic missile fired by the houthis in yemen. 0ne fired by the houthis in yemen. one person killed at least 17 wounded in an israel attack in the central city. a review into historic child abuse in rochdale finds evidence of organised widespread sexual exploitation of children for almost a decade. in the starting gun is fired in the us presidential race. republicans in iowa weigh in on who

their party's nominee should be. one final headline — strikes by members of the trained drivers union will have the latest on that. lava continues to flow from the volcano and southwest iceland. more on all that in a moment. let's head to the bbc sport centres with marc edwards. everton and nottingham forest have been charged by the premier league for breaches of the league's profitability and sustainability rules under premier league regulations. can lose an maximum of £105 million. both clubs have been referred to an independent commissioner. everton already are waiting an appeal on the previous ten—point is deduction. professor rob wilson.

ten-point is deduction. professor rob wilson-— rob wilson. there's been a huge amount