it has been described as one of the biggest miscarriages ofjustice in uk history. hundreds of sub—postmasters were prosecuted after a flawed computer accounting system called horizon made it look as though money had gone missing from their branches. the system was made by it firm fujitsu. earlier this week, its european boss appeared before mps. today, he faced questions from the official inquiry, and he started with another apology. to the sub—postmasters and their families, we apologise. fujitsu apologises and is sorry for our part in this appalling miscarriage of justice. today, mr patterson explained how the company has been aware of bugs and errors in the horizon system for more than two decades. there's lots of evidence of us informing the post office of that data we have just discussed, bugs and errors, and how those bugs and errors did or did not impact the financial position as reported.

mr patterson was asked why that information had not been included in the witness statement is used in prosecutions. i am surprised that that detail was not included in the witness statements given by fujitsu staff to the post office. and i have seen some evidence of editing of witness statements by others. and he was asked about his reaction to that. and i, no doubt you would regard that as shameful? yes, that would be one word i would use. what is the other one? shameful, appalling. my understanding of how our laws work in this country, that all of the evidence should have been put in front of the sub—postmaster, that the post office was relying on to prosecute them. listening to the evidence was lee castleton, a sub—postmaster who was bankrupted by a legal battle with the post office. his opinion?

i agree completely, - it is shameful and appalling, and i think they should - hold their heads in shame. that is not helping the victims, there's 555 people _ that are still waiting for this to move on, and nobody seems to be looking at that at the moment. - mr patterson is still appearing before the inquiry, but his evidence so far has already added to the long list of questions facing the post office and its former bosses. you're watching bbc news, i'm lauren taylor. well, let's peel away now to focus on a breaking story, in space. within the next half hour, japan hopes to become just the fifth country in the world to achieve a moon landing. its slim mission, which stands for smart lander for investigating moon, will aim for a gentle slope, close to a crater called shioli. the bid follows the failure this month of a private american company

to reach the lunar surface. it's proven very hard to land on the moon safely. only about a half of all attempts have succeeded. let's cross to the newsroom and our science correspondentjonathan amos. what is special about this one? the whole point — what is special about this one? tie: whole point of this mission is to test precise navigation technologies, that is one of the key points of this mission. as you have correctly said, it is difficult to land on the moon. depending on how you count it, only about four out of the last nine or ten missions that have tried to soft land on the moon have tried to soft land on the moon have succeeded. it is an airless body, not as big as the earth, but big enough to have a decent amount of gravity to pull you in. you cannot use parachutes, but you do have to try and slow yourself down. that means using rockets as you come in and then using some sort of technology to know where the surface is so that you can guide those engines, switch them off at the appropriate moment, not too early and gently put yourself down on the

surface, while at the same time avoiding big rocks. it is not easy and we have seen a number of efforts in recent years failed to do that, but hopefully japan, with this new technology that it has on board, it is using a sort of crater mapping techniques which will take pictures of the moon's surface as it comes in, compare those pictures very, very fast in image processing to work out where it is in space and get itself to the surface. it is hoping to touch down at the crater within about 100 metres. a football field or so of the location and if they achieve that, they will become only the fifth nation to have successfully soft landed on the moon. . , successfully soft landed on the moon. . _., successfully soft landed on the moon. . _~ ., successfully soft landed on the moon. . _ ., ., moon. recently japan had a few roblems moon. recently japan had a few problems with _ moon. recently japan had a few problems with their _ moon. recently japan had a few problems with their rocket - problems with their rocket technology, how will this one be different? ., ., .,

different? you are referring to their new _ different? you are referring to their new rocket, _ different? you are referring to their new rocket, the - different? you are referring to their new rocket, the big - different? you are referring to. their new rocket, the big rocket that they get themselves or their missions of earth, introducing a new version of that. that has had teething problems. but they will sort those out in time, mitsubishi that makes this technology and has also made this lander have a reputation for getting on top of technical issues so we will hope that big rocket will work because it's important for the japanese space agency going forward to lunch all sorts of missions. they also want to try and learn on the moons of mars, nobody has ever done that. japan have landed twice on asteroids, which is incredible. americans have only done that one is to soft land and pick a sample up and bring it back to earth. landing on an asteroid, more easy, easier than landing on a body like mars,

because of the gravity involved. but japan are really up there with their technology, really up there. you mentioned _ technology, really up there. you mentioned earlier _ technology, really up there. you mentioned earlier they were attempting to land within about 100 metres of a target, explain how that compares to previous scales of attempted landing on the kind of range of distance people would normally expect. if range of distance people would normally expect.— range of distance people would normally expect. if you go back to the aollo normally expect. if you go back to the apollo era. — normally expect. if you go back to the apollo era, they _ normally expect. if you go back to the apollo era, they had - the apollo era, they had supercomputers, famously neil armstrong when he brought down apollo 11 gently onto the surface, he took over, took the stick, set i am going to do this and managed to avoid some very dangerous creators and put the lunar module craft on the surface where it needed to go. for robotic missions you're normally talking about hundreds of metres, not kilometres. the precision they

are able to achieve, getting within 100 metres will be something of a step change and that is really important, if you think you somewhere you want to study on the moon, you want to get as close to that location as you possibly can because if you don't, you have got to traverse the moon's surface either with rovers or if you have people for example, they have got to have some sort of vehicle to diverse we would really like to develop successful, reliable pinpoint navigation systems of course we don't have gps yet, they are working on that, the united states and in europe they are developing systems that will hopefully have a sort of lunar gps type system which will help enormously but at the moment one of the best routes is to use this crater mapping, you have an on—board map, you know in great

detail where the creators are, can you take those pictures, image processing compared with a map and then send the signals to your thrusters to get you to where you would want to be? can you do that before you hit the surface or hit a large rock or go into a crater? that is the key test that japan is going to look for today.— to look for today. thank you very much. i'm joined now by dr emma gatti, editor in chief of the online publication spacewatch global, and a former nasa scientist. thank you for being with us. what is significant about this japanese attempted to land on the main? thank ou ve attempted to land on the main? thank you very much- — attempted to land on the main? thank you very much. first, _ attempted to land on the main? thank you very much. first, i— attempted to land on the main? thank you very much. first, i think— you very much. first, i think jonathan _ you very much. first, i think jonathan amis was very right, the attempt _ jonathan amis was very right, the attempt they are trying to accurately and attempt precise tending — accurately and attempt precise lending 100 metres from the target is unprecedented because if you consider— is unprecedented because if you consider usually we land a few

kilometres, the apollo 11 landed i think— kilometres, the apollo 11 landed i think 65— kilometres, the apollo 11 landed i think 6.5 kilometres from the target which _ think 6.5 kilometres from the target which is _ think 6.5 kilometres from the target which is a _ think 6.5 kilometres from the target which is a bit like if you wanted to land in _ which is a bit like if you wanted to land in buckingham palace and arrived — land in buckingham palace and arrived in — land in buckingham palace and arrived in brixton, something like that _ arrived in brixton, something like that. downgrading and going to 100 metres— that. downgrading and going to 100 metres from the target is externally difficult _ metres from the target is externally difficult. this is very important. japan, — difficult. this is very important. japan, much smaller than the us or china _ japan, much smaller than the us or china could — japan, much smaller than the us or china could be the fifth to land soft on — china could be the fifth to land soft on the moon is extremely interesting, it is historic if it happens _ interesting, it is historic if it ha - ens. , interesting, it is historic if it happen— interesting, it is historic if it ha ens. , ., , ., happens. tells about the size of it and what happens _ happens. tells about the size of it and what happens when _ happens. tells about the size of it and what happens when it - happens. tells about the size of it and what happens when it lands? | happens. tells about the size of it | and what happens when it lands? it depends, this is another of their goals, _ depends, this is another of their goals, they are trying to keep the payload _ goals, they are trying to keep the payload the rover as small as possible _ payload the rover as small as possible so they want to ask to demonstrate how can you downsize all be demonstrate how can you downsize all he tools _ demonstrate how can you downsize all be tools and equipment to fly as li-ht be tools and equipment to fly as tight as — be tools and equipment to fly as light as possible because in space,

every— light as possible because in space, every gram — light as possible because in space, every gram counts, every gram matters — every gram counts, every gram matters so — every gram counts, every gram matters so they are trying to send very small — matters so they are trying to send very small equipment to see how much they can _ very small equipment to see how much they can do _ very small equipment to see how much they can do. it is important to mention— they can do. it is important to mention this is a very small mission in a sort _ mention this is a very small mission in a sort of— mention this is a very small mission in a sort of voice. what they're going — in a sort of voice. what they're going to — in a sort of voice. what they're going to try and do is prove that they— going to try and do is prove that they can — going to try and do is prove that they can land which is already a huge _ they can land which is already a huge milestone, prove that they can land as— huge milestone, prove that they can land as close as possible from the target _ land as close as possible from the target and — land as close as possible from the target and i think they also want to do some _ target and i think they also want to do some scientific testing, testing new equipment to find water under the surface. i�*m new equipment to find water under the surface-— the surface. i'm not sure how you would describe _ the surface. i'm not sure how you would describe it, _ the surface. i'm not sure how you would describe it, how _ the surface. i'm not sure how you would describe it, how would - the surface. i'm not sure how you would describe it, how would you| would describe it, how would you describe that thing? we would describe it, how would you describe that thing?— describe that thing? we call it rover, describe that thing? we call it rover. we _ describe that thing? we call it rover, we call _ describe that thing? we call it rover, we call it _ describe that thing? we call it rover, we call it payload, - describe that thing? we call it rover, we call it payload, wel describe that thing? we call it i rover, we call it payload, we call it a spaceship, that would be a bit too big _ it a spaceship, that would be a bit too big for— it a spaceship, that would be a bit too big for this, because it is not as big _ too big for this, because it is not as big as— too big for this, because it is not as big as the spaceship for the apollo — as big as the spaceship for the apollo because it is not carrying

any humans. apollo because it is not carrying any humans— apollo because it is not carrying any humans. apollo because it is not carrying an humans. ., ., any humans. what are the risks? it is uuite any humans. what are the risks? it is quite small. _ any humans. what are the risks? it is quite small, what _ any humans. what are the risks? it is quite small, what are _ any humans. what are the risks? it is quite small, what are the - any humans. what are the risks? it is quite small, what are the risks . is quite small, what are the risks with it going wrong? what are they looking out for to prevent? landing on the moon _ looking out for to prevent? landing on the moon is— looking out for to prevent? landing on the moon is externally - looking out for to prevent? landing on the moon is externally difficult l on the moon is externally difficult and because otherwise we will have done it— and because otherwise we will have done it more often. anything can go wrong _ done it more often. anything can go wrong because having a soft landing is extremely complicated because everything has to be extremely accurate — everything has to be extremely accurate. historically, problems with software, problems with navigation, problems with speed, all of those _ navigation, problems with speed, all of those little details, if you look at what _ of those little details, if you look at what happened just a few weeks a-o, at what happened just a few weeks ago. that— at what happened just a few weeks ago, that was a valve, a very small valve _ ago, that was a valve, a very small valve that — ago, that was a valve, a very small valve that did not close well enough and that— valve that did not close well enough and that was it, end of the mission. when _ and that was it, end of the mission. when it— and that was it, end of the mission. when it comes to landing, usually sensors _ when it comes to landing, usually sensors and software, lack of communication, something in the electric— communication, something in the electric part. just communication, something in the electric part-— electric part. just stay with us for the moment _ electric part. just stay with us for the moment because _ electric part. just stay with us for the moment because we - electric part. just stay with us for the moment because we can - electric part. just stay with us for. the moment because we can listen into the live feed coming into us.

first it approaches to the targeted position— first it approaches to the targeted position and — first it approaches to the targeted position and then _ first it approaches to the targeted position and then the _ first it approaches to the targeted position and then the vertical- position and then the vertical descent _ position and then the vertical descent and _ position and then the vertical descent. and it _ position and then the vertical descent. and it will- position and then the vertical descent. and it will have - position and then the vertical. descent. and it will have three however— descent. and it will have three however in _ descent. and it will have three however in and _ descent. and it will have three however in and it _ descent. and it will have three however in and it will- descent. and it will have three however in and it will try - descent. and it will have three however in and it will try to - descent. and it will have three - however in and it will try to detect any boulders _ any boulders. i translationz any boulders. translation: ' any boulders. translation: ~ ., ,, , translation: minute approaches the slo -e and translation: minute approaches the slope and has — translation: minute approaches the slope and has two _ translation: minute approaches the slope and has two steps _ translation: minute approaches the slope and has two steps distant - translation: minute approaches the slope and has two steps distant and i slope and has two steps distant and landing _ studio: it was interesting what they were talking about, what you were describing as needing that soft landing is the key.— describing as needing that soft| landing is the key.- tell describing as needing that soft . landing is the key.- tell as landing is the key. exactly. tell as a little bit more _ landing is the key. exactly. tell as a little bit more about _ landing is the key. exactly. tell as a little bit more about what - landing is the key. exactly. tell as a little bit more about what is - landing is the key. exactly. tell as a little bit more about what is at l a little bit more about what is at stake and rights important for a nation to try and do this. this stake and rights important for a nation to try and do this.- stake and rights important for a nation to try and do this. this is a very important — nation to try and do this. this is a very important question - nation to try and do this. this is a

very important question because | very important question because sometimes the debate gets a bit lost in these _ sometimes the debate gets a bit lost in these technical details and perception of the public is that we are trying — perception of the public is that we are trying to play with expensive tools. _ are trying to play with expensive tools, landing for the sake of landing _ tools, landing for the sake of landing. there are two important stakes _ landing. there are two important stakes. one is the political state, japan _ stakes. one is the political state, japan can— stakes. one is the political state, japan can become the fifth nation landing _ japan can become the fifth nation landing on the moon after the us, russia, _ landing on the moon after the us, russia, china, these are big countries, _ russia, china, these are big countries, this would be the first medium—sized country that can do this it— medium—sized country that can do this if you — medium—sized country that can do this if you think in terms of japanese _ this if you think in terms of japanese population it is more or less twice — japanese population it is more or less twice the uk, no other single european — less twice the uk, no other single european country has been able to do that. european country has been able to do that this— european country has been able to do that. this exemplifies what it means to invest _ that. this exemplifies what it means to invest in — that. this exemplifies what it means to invest in space. you can actually have _ to invest in space. you can actually have rapid — to invest in space. you can actually have rapid results. the second thing is technological achievement because even the _ is technological achievement because even the moment when you can do something — even the moment when you can do something so complicated it means that all— something so complicated it means that all of— something so complicated it means that all of your industry is mature

enough _ that all of your industry is mature enough to— that all of your industry is mature enough to tackle complex challenges and as— enough to tackle complex challenges and as we _ enough to tackle complex challenges and as we all know, what comes from space _ and as we all know, what comes from space can _ and as we all know, what comes from space can he — and as we all know, what comes from space can be turned into a technology that can be applied to military, — technology that can be applied to military, defence, everyday technologies, support for our local industries. — technologies, support for our local industries, so you have to think that— industries, so you have to think that when— industries, so you have to think that when a country can land on a moon, _ that when a country can land on a moon, it — that when a country can land on a moon, it is — that when a country can land on a moon, it is saying, "i am good enough — moon, it is saying, "i am good enough to— moon, it is saying, "i am good enough to play with the big ones." that is— enough to play with the big ones." that is why— enough to play with the big ones." that is why it is historical. and because — that is why it is historical. and because japan is doing it which is not as— because japan is doing it which is not as big — because japan is doing it which is not as big as china for example. thank— not as big as china for example. thank you — not as big as china for example. thank you very much indeed. just a reminder if you're joining thank you very much indeed. just a reminder if you'rejoining us, we are watching the japan attempt to land on the moon, trying to land a smart lander for investigating the moon which is due to land in a position landing within100 metres of the area and as our guest said, technological achievement is the key but it is also a political issue of importance forjapan. you are

watching bbc news. live from london. this is bbc news. the united states has strongly criticised the israeli prime minister's rejection of any need for a palestinian state, once the conflict in gaza is over. translation: israel needs security - control over all territory west - of the jordan river. we'll also be speaking to the former israeli justice minister and one of the architetcts of the geneva peace process yossi beilin fujitsu's europe us admits it was shameful, and bugs are known about for decades. thousands ofjobs will go at tata steel — as the firm closes blast furnaces at britain's biggest steelworks in port talbot.

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