voice-over: this is bbc news. we'll have the headlines for you at the top of the hour, straight after this programme. this week, we're bringing power to the flower. shiona is in kenya with the drones and ai that are dealing with the changing climate of this blooming industry. when we come and we monitor these crops using the drones, we are able to, first of all, get accurate numbers because we're seeing each and every stem. romana's in finland to see how we can keep a smarter eye

on our loved ones. warm milk, wailing and walkies, lara's looking at baby gadgets. but for the star feature, let me just take the baby out. boing! not an actual child. did you reallyjust do that? tough love. works every time. and don't go in the water. james clayton meets a shark tracker who's made a great white discovery. are there any moments that you filmed where you felt nervous for the people in the water? i'd say yes. we're starting the programme in kenya, where agriculture plays a huge part in many people's livelihoods. in fact, the industry employs more than 40% of the total population. but climate change is having a real impact on the crops there. and you might be surprised to find out what one of the most sensitive crop types is. flowers.

they have a specific window for being grown and sold, and if the weather is out of sorts, it can completely derail the process. but technology can help, and shiona mccallum has spent a day on a rose farm in naivasha to find out more. our years are punctuated by times that we want to buy flowers — valentines, birthdays, christmases — and the chances are when you look in your bouquet, one of the stems would have been grown here in kenya. but like most places, this part of the world is not immune to the problems that climate change is bringing. rising temperatures, extreme drought and flash floods are affecting the crop yields. in fact, just a couple of years ago, some kenyan flowerfarms reported losses as high as 50% due to the impact of heavy downpours. so that's where the technology comes in. artificial intelligence company

lima labs is providing a machine vision system using drones, which they say makes the farming smarter and more predictable. we use a camera on the ground to take images of crops in the farm. and then once we've gotteni those images, we send them to the office and then you're i able to process them and give insights to farmers. and insights span all the way from a prediction of their harvest, it spans all the way to a prediction of the stem density, growth rates... probably in the future even detection of pests and diseases. on this farm, some of the flowers are grown inside huge greenhouses. the rest are outside, and that presents some challenges for the drones. with more gusts of wind, the drone uses actually more battery power and drains a lot of battery power. and also the rain, we cannot fly the drones through the rain.

the ai algorithms being used can help predict the weather patterns through sensors on the farm that detect humidity, temperature and other environmental conditions. a dashboard on a computer screen displays footage of the plants, providing stem and flower head count and other crucial data, like the chance of an insect infestation. this all helps farmers better predict fluctuations in growing and harvesting patterns. well, the big issue is climate change and the unpredictable weather patterns. the heavens have opened now. so we're going to head inside into the packing room and do the rest of the interviews. hi. i'm shiona. hi, i'm mercy. nice to meet you. nice to meet you, too. will you show me around? sure. 0k. tell me what's happening here. this is our grading hall. it's one of the post—harvest sections. post—harvest, that means we process the final product,

that is from harvesting to packing it and dispatching the final customer. and can you talk to me about some of the varieties? because these lovely little red berries are nice. this specifically is hypericum, the red berry. so the beauty of this crop lies with the berries, the red shiny berries. the quality of these berries and the leaves looks fantastic. would you say the technology is really helping them be in this condition? yes, it is really helping because with the technology, we have been able to come a long way in producing more strong varieties, more resistant ones. how has the technology been received here on the farm? what does everyone think about having drones in place and using the tech? we didn't believe in it at first, but later on when we saw the results and benefits, it's now a way of life on our site. so from there, the farmers

conduct weekly farm assessments. depending on the flowers' health, they can change their sales and logistics decisions, meaning they don't waste time or lose money. another thing is time management because it's the shortest time possible and you get more accurate results. i can imagine people will be pleased about that. yeah. could you talk me through how a worker's day might have changed during the 9 to 5 as a result of having this technology implemented ? so what they used to do is get a square metre and manuallyi count how many stems are there in that square metre and then extrapolate and assume that the rest of the field is actually, you know, similar to that square metre, which obviously is very inaccurate. with lima, when we come and we monitor these crops using the drones, we're able to, first of all, get accurate numbers because we're seeing each and every stem and we don't have the human aspect of getting tired. right? to count, or losing track of numbers. there's that aspect. and then at the end of the day, we're able to get an accurate number for the amount of stems in the whole field.

this, of course, saves the four hours the person was doing that every day. at the end of the day, makes their life a lot easier. and back at the office, they can see the results. because the reality is here, it's showing you the number of stems that you forecasted and the actual stems because this is the reality. yeah. so very confident in this technology. yeah. technology is rapidly changing agriculture in many ways. and this farm is certainly taking steps to move beyond the traditional and into a data—driven business. that was shiona. and we'll have more stories from kenya in next week's programme. now, for many of us, just as our kids start to grow up and live their own lives, we may be facing the worry about ageing parents. and, generally, they want to stay in their own home for as long as possible and maintain their independence. but that's not always simple. well, there is a pilot project

in finland which is testing devices that keep a noninvasive eye on elderly people and raise the alarm if something's not right. here's romana kreider. how can you be sure that your elderly or sick family members are safe when you cannot be with them 24/7? 0k. think it that way, that you have a relative that has been falling in home, maybe unconscious sometime, but they were too weak to crawl up and call for help. so it might take days that somebody find that, 0k, there has been somebody fallen and nobody helps. finland has one of the largest ageing populations in the world, and many elderly who have fallen find themselves on the floor for a prolonged period of time before they are noticed and helped. to prevent these so—called long lie falls from happening, the city of helsinki is piloting some new tech, and this box by swiss company qumea is supposed to contain the solution.

humans give off radiation and their sensors can monitor the electromagnetic field around us using radio wave technology. the three—dimensional radar captures around 100 million motion points every second. these motion points are made up of both macro and micro motions. macro motions tell you about posture, position and precise location of a person within the room, whereas micro motions come from minuscule vibrations in the body, such as your breathing, heartbeat, digestion or trembling. therefore, the ai analysing this data cannot only notify you about changes in movements such as falls, but even monitor vital signs. until this device, people have had to rely on wearable technology to trigger an emergency response. but there are limitations. right now, we have the safety phone services which require consciousness in order to trigger the alarm to our services.

but for example, if the client falls and is unconscious, sensor will trigger the alarm for them. other systems rely on cameras tracking movements, which can feel unsettling to patients and raise potential privacy concerns. all can be done. absolutely. it's anonymous. the system doesn't know who is the person, what is it looking. it just analyses trend data and it's always telling us to secure. like a smoke detector. do you think about a smoke detector? no. so you can imagine this similar kind of access to security service for yourself. the company says it's not just about responding to emergencies, but also about preventing them. we can monitor the patient's behaviour, for example, walking and walking speed and the times when they are active. if the walking speed

is decreasing at the time, then we can basically order like a physical therapist to their house. we can target different resources based on the data. this also applies to changes in other areas such as their sleep quality, helping to get a better understanding of a patient's state and need for medical attention. in finland, the tech is being tested both in people's houses as well as in care homes, meaning the system can give peace of mind for family members and ease the burden on nurses, too. in terms of our population demographic, we have a major problem. our population is ageing. it's ageing rapidly. they need services. it seems that we cannot support the demands and the resources that are needed in order to take care of the ageing population. and health and welfare technology is one solution.

time for the news, senators of sought answers as to how they protect children online and the hope is new laws can be created to hold firms to young people to hold firms to young people to pause exposure to harmful content. elon musk is claimed that his firm neuro link has successfully implanted one of its wireless brain chips into an unnamed human, saying promising brain activity had been detected and the patient was recovering well. your link wants to connect humour — that human brains to computers to tackle complex neurological condition.— condition. the idea that understanding - condition. the idea that understanding the - condition. the idea that understanding the brain condition. the idea that i understanding the brain in neuroscience and bringing that together with al and computers will really start making a difference in lives. microsoft said it is deploying - difference in lives. microsoft said it is deploying ai - difference in lives. microsoft said it is deploying ai at - said it is deploying ai at scale across even more areas of its business as it revealed its latest financial results. south accelerated in the final months

of 2023, lifted by demand for its ai tools. this weekend, facebook celebrates its 20th birthday since its beginnings in mark zuckerberg's dorm room, it has evolved into a multiplatform joined facebook, instagram and headsets under the meta umbrella. and health and welfare technology is one solution. over the past few weeks, we've brought you plenty from the consumer electronics show in las vegas, but there's still more, with something for people of all ages. anyone who's ever had a baby could probably tell you that it's tiring and it can be challenging. so i'm looking at some of the latest technology that hopes to help make parenting even just a little bit easier. this is a self—driving pram. now, before you panic that the baby's going to be in it and it's going to go and disappear off by itself, that's not what it's all about.

in fact, it doesn't do the self—driving if the baby's in there. the idea is that itjust makes things a little bit easier for the parents. so first of all, well, it's got a rocking mode. if i press this, you can see what it does. so if you're standing there and you want the baby to be rocked, maybe you're sitting down having a coffee, it can save you the job. and then if you're heading on a walk, maybe an uphill walk, well, it can use this bit of power to feel really light. but the reality is it only has battery life for four to five hours. so once the battery's gone, well, it is a little bit weighty, and you may need to carry it up and down steps as well. but for the star feature, let me just take the baby out. boing! not an actual child. and if i press this three times, well, the pram starts moving just in front of me. so you can give full attention to holding the baby whilst knowing the pram's by your side. it's got various sensors on it, so it shouldn't bump into anything. it'll give you a warning if there are hazards nearby as well by the light here changing colour.

it always feels like someone somewhere has thought of absolutely everything. this is an attachment to turn any baby bottle into a smart bottle. please explain. absolutely. so we all know that breast milk is liquid gold, but it doesn't last forever. so the minute that you express it, you've got to keep track of the time. so this device attaches to any baby bottle on the market. once it's prepared, you slide it on. it tracks the expiration, the temperature on the bottle and even tracks feedings automatically. and i assume it could do the same job with formula. absolutely. ok, well, that's all pretty simple. does it also log the data as to what it's been doing? yes, absolutely. so we work with an app, so it automatically logs that feeding. because it knows when the baby is feeding, it logs it to the app, the time, and you also can track the ounces and how much your baby is feeding to make sure they're drinking enough. you don't want to be hearing this sound. baby cries but when it does happen, the sooner that you know the solution, the better. often it's, of course, a parent's instinct,

but sometimes you just can't figure out what the problem is. so maybe ai could come to the rescue. roberto, what have you created here? we use al to analyse the sound of baby when they cry. and what we can do with that is basically we detect how often they cry compared to other babies of the same age. and then in particular, we translate in real time what the baby's crying for. and does the system keep on learning as parents use it? correct. yes. so in order to launch this solution, to develop the solution, we collected plenty of cry sounds from all over the world. and now when people use our solution, we basically get the feedback. can you show me how it works? yeah, sure. so i willjust play a hungry file in this case. baby cries it's quite distressing to hear, even though it's not an actual baby in here. baby cries ok, so the system is listening to the sound. correct. and it's analysing why it thinks this crying is happening. then what happens? you get some information via the app. yeah. should i stop this? yes, let's stop the crying. all right, good. seeing as we can. yeah, good.

so after around 25 to 30 seconds of the baby crying from the beginning, then you get a notification on your phone that your baby is crying and also why the ba by�*s crying. so, for example, in this case, you can see the baby was hungry. it can identify if a baby's hungry, if a baby's tired. does it also have an "i don't know" category? we have five categories so baby can be hungry, can be sleepy, can need to burp, uncomfortable, and has pains. how much better would you say the al's understanding is of these cries than the human ear and a human�*s instinct? ai has been used...has been trained with millions of cry sounds from parents from all over the world. so ai in this case can really compare huge amounts of data which no person really have ever listened to. considering the human race has managed for millennia before this, i know that many will question the need, no matter how knowledgeable it may be on a baby's screams. thank you very much. and hopefully something that we've seen there could make parenting a little bit easier. baby giggles

i mean, when i was a new parent, i had no idea what the different cries meant. i was desperate for anyone to tell me what they wanted. what did that cry mean?! oh, yeah. it's hard to remember that feeling of being in the midst of it, totally sleep deprived. and you would just try anything! absolutely. although, i also assumed every baby's cry was unique to them, i had no idea that a hungry cry was universally similar to other hungry cries around the world. well, according to the data, it is. ok, there you go. now, let's talk drones. remember when drones were first on the scene? i do. loads and loads of hype. everyone wanted to have a go at flying them, often without training and usually in the wrong place. yeah. eventually, they did seem to find their niche, which is discovering things around the world that you might not otherwise be able to see and, of course, filming it so you can share it. and james clayton has been to meet a youtuber who may have recorded something fishy off the coast of california. she's out. look at that thing. you can see it good.

carlos is a youtuber and shark fanatic. he was frankly amazing at finding sharks with his drone. he's become an internet sensation, his videos racking up tens of millions of views. so from here you'd have no idea there was a great white shark out there because it's almost impossible to see it from the beach. and that's why drones are so important. so drones, when you're viewing a shark, you're not in the water with a shark, you're not swimming with a shark. you don't have a camera in the water that they can sense. you're basically viewing the sharks through a magnifying glass that they don't know is watching them. no. finding a shark, though, isn't always easy. so i know where to fly. ok, let's see if i can find this damn thing. they don't like the brown water.

see, there's the shark right there. i see it! yeah. so as i go down to it... you'll be able to see. i'm rolling and recording this. it's about a nine—foot shark. i'm guessing it's about nine feet. yep. from the sky, carlos captures moments that would be hard to see with the naked eye. look, look! he's doing... he's doing something. oh, he's doing something. right, did you see him turn fast? mm. he turned right back toward that kelp. oh, this is exciting. he's turning back toward it. filming with carlos is a pleasure, but i'm not the only one who wants to go out with him. scientists who are also interested in carlos's footage have taken an interest, including one local marine biologist who was with him when he filmed something he'd never seen before. in the days both prior- and the day of, we had seen very large sharks. they had considerable girth on them. - so it's a very - wide—looking shark. so i'm like, either that - shark's eating very well or it might be carrying some

pups inside of it. - female just...was acting erratically. she dove, disappeared. and guess what came up from underneath — this little bitty white, almost albino—looking white shark. i think the word albino was just shouting outl of our mouths. like, "albino, albino!" and then we starti to zoom in on her. i'd never seen anything like this before. - it was this _ white—looking shark. so it's called a white shark. you know, that's the species, it's a white shark, but this - shark was actually - completely white in colour. i was looking at the video, i'm like the fins — - they're differently shaped, they're more rounded. - i'm like, that's not...that's not an older white shark, l that's a very young white shark. - this could be a newborn. i'm like, "oh, my gosh, oh, my goodness. - "this could be a newborn!" one of the greatest mysteries in great white shark science is reproduction. the holy grail of white shark research is the birth of a great white shark. and i believe that that is probably the closest we've ever been to the actual birth of a great white shark.

phil believes the size and shape of the fins all point to a very young shark. he thinks the white layer could be residue from birth. if this is indeed a newborn white shark that still has l this, what we call embryonic layer, mucus—like substance still on its body — - never been seen before. so this would be the first case that we've seen such a thing. i who knows how old the shark actually is? - is it minutes old, hours old, days old, weeks old? - but nowhere else in literature has such a finding ever been. observed. but both men also say that this may be a skin condition. other experts accept this could be a historic discovery but that they need more evidence. everything that we know i about reproduction in white sharks comes from about ten females that were killed thatj were pregnant at various stages of pregnancy. - that's it. so we really don't know much, if anything. _ about white shark reproduction.

so i've seen the footage i of the shark and it's really interesting and it's- beautifully shot, of course, and under great conditions. the problem that i have - as a scientist is what we call a sample size of one. sure, this could be a newborn shark or it could be a shark. with a skin disease, . or it could be a number of other things we haven't even thought of. - but unfortunately, it's a sample size of one. | and a lot of people ask, well, | what would it take to convince you that this - is a pupping area? and i would say i would need to see babies coming out- of a female. but what everyone can agree on is that drones are playing a huge role in learning more about sharks, including how often they interact with humans. are there any moments that you filmed where you've felt nervous for the people in the water? i'd say yes. i'd be lying if i said i did not feel nervous sometimes.

it's not that we didn't know. that sharks were near people before — we've known that for a long time —| we just didn't know how much. the next question that needs to be answered | is what does that mean? it's likely that drones - will give us a tool to begin to answerthem. wow. how fascinating was that? absolutely. but that is all we have time for. yeah. thanks for watching and we will see you soon. bye. hello. cloudy, windy and mild pretty much covers sunday's

weather forecast in most parts of the uk. we do have this wriggling weather front which will bring rain for some, particularly in the western side of scotland. but with that front edging a little bit further northwards, it will introduce milder air for more of us. but with that extensive cloud cover, it will be quite misty and murky for some coasts and hills. a bit of rain across north—west england, parts of northern ireland, but more especially, this western side of scotland, the rain becoming heavy and persistent. eastern scotland with a bit of shelter from the winds, while here, we mayjust see a little bit of sunshine. but it is going to be a windy day for many of us. very windy in the far north. gusts of 60 miles per hour, for example, in shetland, where temperatures will only climb to four degrees. but elsewhere, further south, highs of 13 or iii degrees — well above the average for early february. and then during sunday night, the rain keeps on coming in western scotland, hence this met office yellow weather warning. the wettest locations over higher ground could see 170 millimetres of rain. some snow mixing into the north of our weather front, where it engages some cold air. very mild, though, further south,

as we start monday morning. through monday, we'll continue to see these outbreaks of heavy rainjust waxing and waning across the northwest of scotland, with some snow across the far north. but to the south of that, it stays mild, it stays quite windy, it stays very cloudy, with some mist and murk and some spots of drizzle. temperatures up to around 13, maybe 1a degrees once again, but always colder to the north of our weather front. just two degrees there, in lerwick. and by tuesday, well, that frontal system looks set to push a little bit further southwards. so rain for northern ireland, northern england, perhaps into north wales. to the south of that, still cloudy, a bit murky, very mild. to the north of our weather front, well, some sunny spells, a few wintry showers in the far north and something just a little bit chillier. now, this weather front just wriggles around through the middle part of the week. it will bring further outbreaks of rain. later in the week, it does look like these various frontal systems will eventually push southwards and that will allow some colder air to dig its way across more parts of the uk. it is going to take

a while for that colder air to spread southwards, but it does look like, as we get through the end of the week and into the weekend, it will turn colder for all of us. yes, there'll be some rain, but for some, there may also be some snow.

live from london, this is bbc news. the us and uk lead international airstrikes on iran backed houthi positions in yemen in the latest response to attacks on red sea ships. more than 50 people have been killed and dozens are missing i n what's believed to be the deadliest wildfire on record in chile. the man—hunt continues for a man suspected of a corrosive substance attack on a mother and her daughters in south london. presidentjoe biden saunters to victory in south carolina, where democrats held their first primary election of the year. and an exiting night ahead in the music business as the 66th grammy awards takes place in los angeles, with women in contemporary pop being tipped as the big winners.