for the first time, global warming exceeds 1.5 celsius across an entire year. new figures show last month was the hottest january on record. in a major u—turn, britain's labour party is ditching its policy of spending £20 billion per year on green investments. polls close in pakistan after millions voted in general and provincial elections. the government is criticised for temporarily suspending mobile phone services. michael matheson stands down as the scottish health secretary after a very big data bill. and new data says erectile dysfunction drugs could reduce the risk of alzheimer's disease. the biggest mass migration of the world is under way in china with millions of people heading to their home towns to celebrate the lunar

new year with their families. this is the year of the dragon which are said to be a symbol of power and this year is forecast to be one of economic challenge in china. the economy is still struggling to rebound after strict covid duck dance. 0ur cherished dream a china correspondent has been speaking to people in beijing about their hopes for the new year. some new year wishes need spiritual intervention. many young people in beijing come to the lama temple to pray for a job. a slowing economy means millions of graduates are out of work. this dragon year they are clinging to the hope that will change, as well as dressing up for the occasion. translation: the economy has been sluggish. _ you need to have good ideas and back yourself. but praying to the buddha and the burning incense, that will also help. all: happy new year. even the very young have theirfuture in mind.

"i want to get top marks in my exams every time," says this ten—year—old. at beijing train station families are bundled up and loaded up for the long journey back to their home towns it and with good reason. the sun may be shining in the capital but heavy snow and ice brought some highways in the south of china to a standstill. thousands were stranded in their cars, dozens of trains were delayed or suspended, and passengers were stuck at wuhan station for hours. these ladies have a long journey north to see their 90—year—old mum and they are doing all they can to ensure this year is lucky. translation: l was born - in the dragon year so this year i have bought red clothes and red pants for a prosperous and thriving new year. i hope everyone has a safe new year and you all get money in your pockets.

those left in beijing settle in to their celebrations. traditional costumes have become popular with young people, along with this one new year wish. "money, big money," she says. whatever their dreams for the future, this week is for food and for family and for many this will be their first new year together since the start of the pandemic and they are determined to savour it. laura bicker, bbc news, beijing. now it's time for your questions answered. as we've been covering, new evidence from the eu's climate service, copernicus, highlights that for the first time, the world was 1.5 degrees warmer than pre—industrial levels for a whole year. scientists say a combination

of greenhouse gas emissions and dramatic sea temperature rises are to blame. you've been sending your questions and we have an expert panel here to help. we are rejoined alive by our climate editorjustin rowe that, hello, justin. we also have a professor at the department of environmental sciences and policy at the central european university and vice chair of a un panel european university and vice chair ofa un panel on european university and vice chair of a un panel on climate change and finally, we have the deputy spanish prime minister and ministerfor prime minister and minister for ecological transition. prime minister and ministerfor ecological transition. thank you so much to all of you for taking time to answer questions. we have a lot of questions and it's an issue people are concerned about but they do have some questions about. justin, and start with you. why does 1.5 degrees matter and how will

future climate change affect the world? ., �* , future climate change affect the world? . �*, , , , world? that's because every degree of ulobal world? that's because every degree of global warming _ world? that's because every degree of global warming makes _ world? that's because every degree of global warming makes the - world? that's because every degree | of global warming makes the impact of global warming makes the impact of global warming more severe. that became very clear in a landmark 2018 report which showed that a 2 degrees, the impact will be more dramatic than 1.5 and that's why we have coalesced around this boundary of 1.5 and we have said that if we can come at all possible, limit temperature rises to 1.5 celsius. diana, why has 1.5 degrees celsius been broken over the past year? well, that's difficult to say, there are many— well, that's difficult to say, there are many things that contribute to this but_ are many things that contribute to this but what's important to understand is that every year the actual_ understand is that every year the actual temperature changing very dramatically, it can be several tenths — dramatically, it can be several tenths of— dramatically, it can be several tenths of a degree difference in global— tenths of a degree difference in global temperatures year—on—year, 'ust global temperatures year—on—year, just based — global temperatures year—on—year, just based on natural variability so

reaching _ just based on natural variability so reaching this target does not necessarily mean that we did reach the target — necessarily mean that we did reach the target that we have set ourselves in the paris agreement because — ourselves in the paris agreement because for that, we would have to reach _ because for that, we would have to reach this— because for that, we would have to reach this in— because for that, we would have to reach this in a 20 year running average — reach this in a 20 year running average. nevertheless, it stilla very important warning that we are getting _ very important warning that we are getting closer and closer and we need _ getting closer and closer and we need to— getting closer and closer and we need to seriously accelerate climate action _ need to seriously accelerate climate action. , ., ., ,. need to seriously accelerate climate action. , ., ., , ., , ., ., , action. diana, you explain that this is one year. _ action. diana, you explain that this is one year. you — action. diana, you explain that this is one year, you explain _ action. diana, you explain that this is one year, you explain the - is one year, you explain the relevance between this and the paris agreement which people would have heard of. perhaps you could expand on what the paris agreement is. the paris agreement is a landmark agreement where the un and almost every country in the world agreed to limit global warming while under two ceisius— limit global warming while under two ceisius as _ limit global warming while under two celsius as compared to preindustrial average. _ celsius as compared to preindustrial average, ideally at one and a half degrees — average, ideally at one and a half degrees. that means that since we started _ degrees. that means that since we started burning fossil fuels, oil

and natural gas, warming started and we want _ and natural gas, warming started and we want to— and natural gas, warming started and we want to start or stop this warming _ we want to start or stop this warming at this level at one and women — warming at this level at one and women have degrees but well under two celsius as compared to that the industriai— two celsius as compared to that the industrial revolution error. theresa. _ industrial revolution error. theresa, spanish debris prime minister, you will know why i'm asking you specific question. what our government is doing about climate change? the our government is doing about climate change?— our government is doing about climate change? the main field for action is transforming _ climate change? the main field for action is transforming energy - action is transforming energy systems— action is transforming energy systems trut— action is transforming energy systems but also _ action is transforming energy systems but also taking - action is transforming energy systems but also taking intol systems but also taking into consideration— systems but also taking into consideration how— systems but also taking into consideration how we - systems but also taking into consideration how we can i systems but also taking into| consideration how we can do systems but also taking into - consideration how we can do with land use — consideration how we can do with land use so— consideration how we can do with land use so avoiding _ consideration how we can do with i land use so avoiding deforestation, trying _ land use so avoiding deforestation, trying to— land use so avoiding deforestation, trying to get — land use so avoiding deforestation, trying to get to _ land use so avoiding deforestation, trying to get to fully— land use so avoiding deforestation, trying to get to fully decarbonise i trying to get to fully decarbonise the energy— trying to get to fully decarbonise the energy system, _ trying to get to fully decarbonise the energy system, trying - trying to get to fully decarbonise the energy system, trying to - trying to get to fully decarbonise the energy system, trying to bel trying to get to fully decarbonise - the energy system, trying to be much more _ the energy system, trying to be much more aware _ the energy system, trying to be much more aware of— the energy system, trying to be much more aware of the _ the energy system, trying to be much more aware of the impact _ the energy system, trying to be much more aware of the impact of- the energy system, trying to be much more aware of the impact of our- more aware of the impact of our production— more aware of the impact of our production and _ more aware of the impact of our production and consumption - more aware of the impact of our- production and consumption models which _ production and consumption models which is _ production and consumption models which is quite — production and consumption models which is quite important. _ production and consumption models which is quite important. these - which is quite important. these nreasures— which is quite important. these measures must— which is quite important. these measures must be _ which is quite important. these measures must be pulled - which is quite important. these measures must be pulled froml measures must be pulled from government— measures must be pulled from government but— measures must be pulled from government but also _ measures must be pulled from government but also to - measures must be pulled from l government but also to facilitate coordinated _ government but also to facilitate coordinated response _ government but also to facilitate

coordinated response at - government but also to facilitate coordinated response at regional government but also to facilitate - coordinated response at regional and global— coordinated response at regional and global ievet~ — coordinated response at regional and global level. find _ coordinated response at regional and ulobal level. �* coordinated response at regional and ulobal level. . , , ., global level. and i suppose a follow-op — global level. and i suppose a follow-op un— global level. and i suppose a follow-up up questions - global level. and i suppose a follow-up up questions that l global level. and i suppose a - follow-up up questions that would be follow—up up questions that would be our governments doing enough? what about your government? we our governments doing enough? what about your government?— our governments doing enough? what about your government? we are doing much, but it — about your government? we are doing much, but it is — about your government? we are doing much, but it is clear _ about your government? we are doing much, but it is clear that _ about your government? we are doing much, but it is clear that it _ about your government? we are doing much, but it is clear that it is - about your government? we are doing much, but it is clear that it is not - much, but it is clear that it is not yet enough — much, but it is clear that it is not yet enough and _ much, but it is clear that it is not yet enough and it— much, but it is clear that it is not yet enough and it is— much, but it is clear that it is not yet enough and it is very- much, but it is clear that it is not l yet enough and it is very important that governments— yet enough and it is very important that governments facilitate - yet enough and it is very important that governments facilitate action, | that governments facilitate action, that governments facilitate action, that is— that governments facilitate action, that is not— that governments facilitate action, that is not only— that governments facilitate action, that is not only governments - that governments facilitate action, that is not only governments to . that governments facilitate action, i that is not only governments to take action _ that is not only governments to take action private— that is not only governments to take action. private investors, _ action. private investors, companies, _ action. private investors, companies, even - action. private investors, companies, even citizensj action. private investors, - companies, even citizens need to action. private investors, _ companies, even citizens need to be aware _ companies, even citizens need to be aware of— companies, even citizens need to be aware of action— companies, even citizens need to be aware of action and _ companies, even citizens need to be aware of action and and _ companies, even citizens need to be aware of action and and these - companies, even citizens need to be aware of action and and these are i aware of action and and these are key players — aware of action and and these are key players in _ aware of action and and these are key players in this _ aware of action and and these are key players in this field _ aware of action and and these are key players in this field of- aware of action and and these are key players in this field of action. | key players in this field of action. what _ key players in this field of action. what we — key players in this field of action. what we can— key players in this field of action. what we can see _ key players in this field of action. what we can see is _ key players in this field of action. what we can see is that, - key players in this field of action. what we can see is that, yes, - what we can see is that, yes, there are governments— what we can see is that, yes, there are governments that _ what we can see is that, yes, there are governments that do _ what we can see is that, yes, there are governments that do a - what we can see is that, yes, there are governments that do a lot - are governments that do a lot and governments _ are governments that do a lot and governments that— are governments that do a lot and governments that do _ are governments that do a lot and governments that do a _ are governments that do a lot and governments that do a little - are governments that do a lot and governments that do a little bit i governments that do a little bit less, _ governments that do a little bit less. so— governments that do a little bit less. so how— governments that do a little bit less, so how can _ governments that do a little bit less, so how can we _ governments that do a little bit less, so how can we accelerate | governments that do a little bit - less, so how can we accelerate this action? _ less, so how can we accelerate this action? as— less, so how can we accelerate this action? as i— less, so how can we accelerate this action? as i say, _ less, so how can we accelerate this action? as i say, trying _ less, so how can we accelerate this action? as i say, trying to - less, so how can we accelerate this action? as i say, trying to define . action? as i say, trying to define these _ action? as i say, trying to define these measures— action? as i say, trying to define these measures could _ action? as i say, trying to define these measures could require i action? as i say, trying to define - these measures could require taking into consideration _ these measures could require taking into consideration the _ these measures could require taking into consideration the social- these measures could require taking into consideration the social impactl into consideration the social impact of measures— into consideration the social impact of measures because _ into consideration the social impact of measures because we _ into consideration the social impact of measures because we need - into consideration the social impact . of measures because we need society backing _ of measures because we need society backing this _ of measures because we need society backing this climate _ of measures because we need society backing this climate action, _ of measures because we need society backing this climate action, asking. backing this climate action, asking for more _ backing this climate action, asking for more and — backing this climate action, asking for more and in _ backing this climate action, asking for more and in order— backing this climate action, asking for more and in order to _ backing this climate action, asking for more and in order to get - backing this climate action, asking for more and in order to get this. for more and in order to get this

people _ for more and in order to get this peopie need _ for more and in order to get this peopie need to _ for more and in order to get this people need to experience - for more and in order to get this people need to experience the l people need to experience the benefits — people need to experience the benefits of— people need to experience the benefits of this _ people need to experience the benefits of this and _ people need to experience the benefits of this and they- people need to experience the benefits of this and they needl people need to experience the . benefits of this and they need to people need to experience the - benefits of this and they need to be backed _ benefits of this and they need to be backed by— benefits of this and they need to be backed by the — benefits of this and they need to be backed by the government - benefits of this and they need to be backed by the government when . benefits of this and they need to be . backed by the government when taking this response _ backed by the government when taking this response in — backed by the government when taking this response in the _ backed by the government when taking this response in the day—to—day- this response in the day—to—day iives _ this response in the day-to-day lives. , , .., ., this response in the day-to-day lives. , , .. ., . ~ lives. justin, if we can head back to ou. lives. justin, if we can head back to you- we _ lives. justin, if we can head back to you. we have _ lives. justin, if we can head back to you. we have a _ lives. justin, if we can head back to you. we have a question - lives. justin, if we can head back| to you. we have a question about tipping points. what global average temperature does the planet enter a tipping point, the point at which does nothing we can do to a continuing in temperature. what is meant by that?— continuing in temperature. what is meant by that? tipping point is what ou sa , a meant by that? tipping point is what you say. a point— meant by that? tipping point is what you say, a point there _ meant by that? tipping point is what you say, a point there is _ meant by that? tipping point is what you say, a point there is no - meant by that? tipping point is what you say, a point there is no going . you say, a point there is no going back through the change in the change becomes irreversible. it really depends on the tipping point, for example, there are suggestions that the ice in antarctica or some of the exposed outs in western antarctica and greenland is melting more rapidly, would like to the point where the breakdown becomes uncontrollable and becomes irreversible? we don't know because that has not happened in the past but scientists say that they are

worried it could be a point when that happens and another good example, which is not often used is extinction. extinction is the ultimate, the extinction of a species, which is the ultimate tipping point and is no going back once a species extinct. this coral reefs, coral reefs, some of them will survive, find a site at 1.5 degrees above preindustrial temperatures, at 2 degrees, 99% of coral reefs are expected to die away. i represent tens if not hundreds of thousands of different species, all of which will be lost and those are all tipping points that would have been tricked if that happens. that would have been tricked if that ha ens. , ., ., that would have been tricked if that ha ens. ,. ., , that would have been tricked if that ha ens. ,., ., , ., happens. diana, 'ust a reminder, rofessor happens. diana, 'ust a reminder, professor at — happens. diana, 'ust a reminder, professor at the _ happens. diana, just a reminder, professor at the department - happens. diana, just a reminder, professor at the department of i professor at the department of environmental sciences at the central european university. a viewer asks, central european university. a viewerasks, can central european university. a viewer asks, can we still limit global warming?— viewer asks, can we still limit global warming? globalwarming? absolutely. for that, what globalwarming? absolutely. for that. what we — globalwarming? absolutely. for that, what we need _ globalwarming? absolutely. for that, what we need to _ globalwarming? absolutely. for that, what we need to do - globalwarming? absolutely. for that, what we need to do is - globalwarming? absolutely. for| that, what we need to do is reach

net zero — that, what we need to do is reach net zero carbon dioxide emissions and that— net zero carbon dioxide emissions and that means we need to reduce carbon— and that means we need to reduce carbon dioxide, list and we met and that means to move away from fossil fuels, _ that means to move away from fossil fuels, oii. _ that means to move away from fossil fuels, oil, gas and coal and this is really urgent because the sooner we manage _ really urgent because the sooner we manage to _ really urgent because the sooner we manage to reach net zero emissions, the tower— manage to reach net zero emissions, the lower temperature levels will stabiiise — the lower temperature levels will stabilise the global climate. that means— stabilise the global climate. that means that it's a huge responsibility on what we are doing in the _ responsibility on what we are doing in the next — responsibility on what we are doing in the next few years, not even decades, — in the next few years, not even decades, but the next few years because — decades, but the next few years because as soon as we reach that, the tower— because as soon as we reach that, the lower the temperature will be and that— the lower the temperature will be and that is a tremendous responsibility for hundreds of generations to come. yes, that's realty— generations to come. yes, that's really urgent that we accelerate ciimate — really urgent that we accelerate climate action, even as it has been said that _ climate action, even as it has been said that we — climate action, even as it has been said that we already have moved guite _ said that we already have moved quite a _ said that we already have moved quite a which is important, that we have _ quite a which is important, that we have already removed the world from the worst _ have already removed the world from the worst climate scenarios, so a few years — the worst climate scenarios, so a few years ago it was still quite feasibie — few years ago it was still quite feasible that potentially the earth

couid _ feasible that potentially the earth could warm as much as six celsius by the end _ could warm as much as six celsius by the end of— could warm as much as six celsius by the end of the century, right now, most _ the end of the century, right now, most of— the end of the century, right now, most of the — the end of the century, right now, most of the scientists consider that this is— most of the scientists consider that this is unfortunately already impossible any more, given that we already— impossible any more, given that we already have done so much to energy systems _ already have done so much to energy systems and we have done so much to limit giobai— systems and we have done so much to limit global warming so we have already shown that we can do this, but we _ already shown that we can do this, but we certainly need to do much more _ but we certainly need to do much more in _ but we certainly need to do much more in order to really control it as ievets— more in order to really control it as levels that avoid major tipping points _ as levels that avoid ma'or tipping oints. . ~ as levels that avoid ma'or tipping oints. ., ~' ,, as levels that avoid ma'or tipping oints. ., ,, i. ., as levels that avoid ma'or tipping oints. ., ~' y., ., ,., as levels that avoid ma'or tipping oints. ., ., ., , points. thank you for your answer for that one- _ points. thank you for your answer for that one. back _ points. thank you for your answer for that one. back to _ points. thank you for your answer for that one. back to the - points. thank you for your answer for that one. back to the deputy l for that one. back to the deputy spanish prime minister. how much are global conflicts contributing to global conflicts contributing to global warming? interesting question. ma; global warming? interesting cuestion. y . global warming? interesting cuestion. g ., , ., ., question. my main concern is that of course there — question. my main concern is that of course there is _ question. my main concern is that of course there is a _ question. my main concern is that of course there is a humanitarian - question. my main concern is that of course there is a humanitarian and l course there is a humanitarian and peace _ course there is a humanitarian and peace approach _ course there is a humanitarian and peace approach and _ course there is a humanitarian and peace approach and human - course there is a humanitarian and peace approach and human rightsl course there is a humanitarian and - peace approach and human rights that needs— peace approach and human rights that needs to _ peace approach and human rights that needs to be _ peace approach and human rights that needs to be taken _ peace approach and human rights that needs to be taken into— needs to be taken into consideration, - needs to be taken into consideration, but- needs to be taken into. consideration, but when needs to be taken into- consideration, but when dealing needs to be taken into— consideration, but when dealing with climate _ consideration, but when dealing with climate change — consideration, but when dealing with climate change and _ consideration, but when dealing with climate change and action _ consideration, but when dealing with climate change and action i- consideration, but when dealing with climate change and action i think... i climate change and action i think... is climate change and action i think...

is not— climate change and action i think... is not only— climate change and action i think... is not only the _ climate change and action i think... is not only the direct— climate change and action i think... is not only the direct impact- climate change and action i think... is not only the direct impact of- climate change and action i think... is not only the direct impact of thel is not only the direct impact of the destruction— is not only the direct impact of the destruction and _ is not only the direct impact of the destruction and devastation - is not only the direct impact of the destruction and devastation and i destruction and devastation and human— destruction and devastation and human horrifying _ destruction and devastation and human horrifying situation- destruction and devastation and human horrifying situation for. destruction and devastation and - human horrifying situation for those concerned. — human horrifying situation for those concerned. but _ human horrifying situation for those concerned, but also _ human horrifying situation for those concerned, but also that _ human horrifying situation for those concerned, but also that the - concerned, but also that the political _ concerned, but also that the political energy _ concerned, but also that the political energy and - concerned, but also that the political energy and the - concerned, but also that the - political energy and the instruments and investments _ political energy and the instruments and investments being _ political energy and the instruments and investments being dedicated . political energy and the instruments and investments being dedicated to| and investments being dedicated to combat _ and investments being dedicated to combat climate _ and investments being dedicated to combat climate change _ and investments being dedicated to combat climate change may- and investments being dedicated to combat climate change may be - combat climate change may be divested — combat climate change may be divested for— combat climate change may be divested for other _ combat climate change may be divested for other purposes - combat climate change may be. divested for other purposes that combat climate change may be - divested for other purposes that are a distraction — divested for other purposes that are a distraction so _ divested for other purposes that are a distraction so it's— divested for other purposes that are a distraction so it's quite _ a distraction so it's quite worrying _ a distraction so it's quite worrying '— a distraction so it's quite worrying. i think- a distraction so it's quite worrying. i think we - a distraction so it's quitei worrying. i think we need a distraction so it's quite . worrying. i think we need to dedicate _ worrying. i think we need to dedicate all— worrying. i think we need to dedicate all our— worrying. i think we need to dedicate all our efforts, - worrying. i think we need to- dedicate all our efforts, including the public— dedicate all our efforts, including the public investments _ dedicate all our efforts, including the public investments but - dedicate all our efforts, including the public investments but also l the public investments but also poiiticai — the public investments but also poiiticai energy _ the public investments but also political energy to _ the public investments but also political energy to facilitate - the public investments but also political energy to facilitate the j political energy to facilitate the reduction — political energy to facilitate the reduction of _ political energy to facilitate the reduction of net _ political energy to facilitate the reduction of net zero _ political energy to facilitate the i reduction of net zero emissions, opportunity— reduction of net zero emissions, opportunity or— reduction of net zero emissions, opportunity or omissions, - reduction of net zero emissions, opportunity or omissions, to - reduction of net zero emissions, opportunity or omissions, to get reduction of net zero emissions, i opportunity or omissions, to get rid of the _ opportunity or omissions, to get rid of the sources— opportunity or omissions, to get rid of the sources of— opportunity or omissions, to get rid of the sources of climate _ opportunity or omissions, to get rid of the sources of climate change, . of the sources of climate change, but also — of the sources of climate change, but also to — of the sources of climate change, but also to dedicate _ of the sources of climate change, but also to dedicate a _ of the sources of climate change, but also to dedicate a huge - of the sources of climate change, l but also to dedicate a huge amount of resources — but also to dedicate a huge amount of resources to _ but also to dedicate a huge amount of resources to be _ but also to dedicate a huge amount of resources to be ready _ but also to dedicate a huge amount of resources to be ready for - but also to dedicate a huge amount of resources to be ready for what . but also to dedicate a huge amount of resources to be ready for what it| of resources to be ready for what it may mean — of resources to be ready for what it may mean in — of resources to be ready for what it may mean in our— of resources to be ready for what it may mean in our day—to—day - of resources to be ready for what it may mean in our day—to—day life, i may mean in our day—to—day life, access— may mean in our day—to—day life, access to — may mean in our day—to—day life, access to fresh _ may mean in our day—to—day life, access to fresh water, _ may mean in our day—to—day life, access to fresh water, food - access to fresh water, food security, _ access to fresh water, food security, infrastructure - access to fresh water, food security, infrastructure is l access to fresh water, food - security, infrastructure is being safe _ security, infrastructure is being safe and — security, infrastructure is being safe and resilient, _ security, infrastructure is being safe and resilient, urban - security, infrastructure is beingj safe and resilient, urban living, heaith~ — safe and resilient, urban living, health. there _ safe and resilient, urban living, health. there are _ safe and resilient, urban living, health. there are so _ safe and resilient, urban living, health. there are so many- safe and resilient, urban living, i health. there are so many things that may— health. there are so many things that may change _ health. there are so many things that may change because - health. there are so many things that may change because of-

health. there are so many things- that may change because of different ciimate _ that may change because of different climate in _ that may change because of different climate in each _ that may change because of different climate in each of _ that may change because of different climate in each of our _ that may change because of different climate in each of our society- that may change because of different climate in each of our society is - climate in each of our society is that _ climate in each of our society is that we — climate in each of our society is that we need _ climate in each of our society is that we need to _ climate in each of our society is that we need to be _ climate in each of our society is that we need to be prepared. . climate in each of our society is i that we need to be prepared. it's not only— that we need to be prepared. it's not only the _ that we need to be prepared. it's not only the impact _ that we need to be prepared. it's not only the impact of— that we need to be prepared. it's not only the impact of bombs - that we need to be prepared. it's not only the impact of bombs ori not only the impact of bombs or fires _ not only the impact of bombs or fires or— not only the impact of bombs or fires or infrastructure _ not only the impact of bombs or fires or infrastructure being - fires or infrastructure being destroyed, _ fires or infrastructure being destroyed, but— fires or infrastructure being destroyed, but also - fires or infrastructure being destroyed, but also the - fires or infrastructure being - destroyed, but also the destruction of political — destroyed, but also the destruction of political energy— destroyed, but also the destruction of political energy and _ destroyed, but also the destruction of political energy and public- of political energy and public investments _ of political energy and public investments and _ of political energy and publicj investments and cooperation of political energy and public- investments and cooperation and good investments and cooperation and good in confidence _ investments and cooperation and good in confidence on — investments and cooperation and good in confidence on how— investments and cooperation and good in confidence on how far— investments and cooperation and good in confidence on how far we _ investments and cooperation and good in confidence on how far we can- in confidence on how far we can go if we _ in confidence on how far we can go if we act _ in confidence on how far we can go if we act together— in confidence on how far we can go if we act together to _ in confidence on how far we can go if we act together to reach - in confidence on how far we can go if we act together to reach the - if we act together to reach the deadline _ if we act together to reach the deadline. . ~ if we act together to reach the deadline. ., ,, , ., if we act together to reach the deadline. . ~' , ., ., if we act together to reach the deadline. ., ,, , ., ., ., ., , deadline. thank you for that answer. we have time _ deadline. thank you for that answer. we have time for— deadline. thank you for that answer. we have time for a _ deadline. thank you for that answer. we have time for a few _ deadline. thank you for that answer. we have time for a few more - we have time for a few more questions. it has been fascinating. diana, if i can ask you this, would tackling unsustainable population growth how the climate crisis? are there too many people? this growth how the climate crisis? are there too many people?— there too many people? this is a very sensitive — there too many people? this is a very sensitive and _ there too many people? this is a very sensitive and difficult - very sensitive and difficult question, berryman scientists argue amongst _ question, berryman scientists argue amongst themselves. what's important to understand is that even if we did manage _ to understand is that even if we did manage to — to understand is that even if we did manage to intervene one or another in areas _ manage to intervene one or another in areas where there is population growth _ in areas where there is population growth taking place, which is very

few countries in the world because most _ few countries in the world because most countries, especially in developed countries are experiencing population declines if you don't consider— population declines if you don't consider immigration. even if we did manage _ consider immigration. even if we did manage to _ consider immigration. even if we did manage to tackle that, we wouldn't see any— manage to tackle that, we wouldn't see any impact on the emissions from many— see any impact on the emissions from many might— see any impact on the emissions from many might decades to come because the areas _ many might decades to come because the areas where you do experience population— the areas where you do experience population growth, those are the areas _ population growth, those are the areas where emissions are extremely smaii~ _ areas where emissions are extremely smaii~ also, — areas where emissions are extremely small. also, what needs to be understood is that currently our growth — understood is that currently our growth in — understood is that currently our growth in consumption contribute significantly more to climate change upwards— significantly more to climate change upwards than population growth. since _ upwards than population growth. since towards the end of the century. _ since towards the end of the century, we expect no more than 20% more _ century, we expect no more than 20% more population were as we expect more _ more population were as we expect more than — more population were as we expect more than 1000% more of consumption that drives _ more than 1000% more of consumption that drives emissions. very often it's a _ that drives emissions. very often it's a nice — that drives emissions. very often it's a nice excuse for those who are enjoying _ it's a nice excuse for those who are enjoying the — it's a nice excuse for those who are enjoying the benefits of high emission lifestyle to blame

population growth but in fact, we really. _ population growth but in fact, we really. it— population growth but in fact, we really. it is— population growth but in fact, we really, it is us who has to tackle this because we in the developed world _ this because we in the developed world who are the highest emitters and so _ world who are the highest emitters and so we — world who are the highest emitters and so we are most responsible for climate _ and so we are most responsible for climate change.— climate change. interesting, thank ou for climate change. interesting, thank you for that- _ climate change. interesting, thank you for that. we _ climate change. interesting, thank you for that. we have _ climate change. interesting, thank you for that. we have one - climate change. interesting, thank you for that. we have one more i you for that. we have one more question. i would give it to you, just in. two space missions and launching rockets contribute to emissions?— launching rockets contribute to emissions? . , , ., . emissions? anything produces carbon dioxide or other _ emissions? anything produces carbon dioxide or other greenhouse - emissions? anything produces carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases . dioxide or other greenhouse gases contributes. when you look at the global impact of human activity, it is a very small amount. although if we do want to reduce emissions we have to bear down on everything so if we have to do that maybe we should be more careful about which missions we actually decide to go ahead with. missions we actually decide to go ahead with-— missions we actually decide to go ahead with. ., ,, ., ., ., ahead with. thank you to all of you. that has been _ ahead with. thank you to all of you. that has been fascinating _ ahead with. thank you to all of you. that has been fascinating and thank you to our panellists, the spanish debris prime minister, and professor diana and justin roll out. a really important issue. —— deputy spanish prime minister.

you are alive with bbc news. welcome back. men who take root erectile dysfunction drugs may find themselves 18% less likely to develop dementia causing additional signers. and more research is needed to prove this the drugs that are causing that effect. let's speak now to the author behind the study. a lecturer at university college london school of pharmacy. hello. this is a fascinating study. tell me about the results and whether you were surprised by them.— about the results and whether you were surprised by them. thank you for sharin: were surprised by them. thank you for sharing an _ were surprised by them. thank you for sharing an interest _ were surprised by them. thank you for sharing an interest in _ were surprised by them. thank you for sharing an interest in the - for sharing an interest in the study. we also think it's

fascinating. the background to the study as we were aware of animal studies showing a potential protective effect on the risk of alzheimer's disease and we were aware of us colleagues doing studies on this topic but they weren't able to follow people for a long period of time. so we decided to use uk health care data, historic uk health care data to follow a group of men with diagnosed erectile dysfunction and to see if the men who received viagra and other inhibitors had a different chance of developing alzheimer's and indeed, as you mentioned, we found that slightly was protected. this mentioned, we found that slightly was protected-— was protected. this was not something _ was protected. this was not something necessary - was protected. this was not something necessary that i was protected. this was not l something necessary that you was protected. this was not - something necessary that you are looking for but tell us what the percentage of people were and what this tells us. the percentage of people were and what this tells us— this tells us. the actual number of men that we _

this tells us. the actual number of men that we followed _ this tells us. the actual number of men that we followed was - this tells us. the actual number of men that we followed was a - this tells us. the actual number of men that we followed was a groupj this tells us. the actual number of i men that we followed was a group of 300,000 men and certainly more men in the group received the inhibitors. we found that over five years, there were on average more men from the group that used viagra and other drugs that had an 18% chance and less chance of alzheimer's disease so it occurred less often in that group. it is a preventative effect. and these men were healthy at the start of the study and then no impairments and what we see in this follow—up time of five years is the users of the drugs have a lower risk of alzheimer's disease. importantly, what will you _ alzheimer's disease. importantly, what will you do _ alzheimer's disease. importantly, what will you do with _ alzheimer's disease. importantly, what will you do with this - alzheimer's disease. importantly, i what will you do with this research? this is a cohort study using historical medical data which means

we can find and report an association but we cannot really say it was a causal effect. we are recommending that clinical trial units across the world, maybe they should look into these drugs as a re—purpose in drug so it could purposely be repurposed for alzheimer's disease in order to do this which we will need randomised control trial so these are clinical studies which half of the group receives a placebo and the other half the actual drugs. really importantly will be to extend the user group and so the group of people we did the study for what erectile dysfunction, what we would like to see is does this affect occur in women and men without erectile dysfunction?— erectile dysfunction? that's also interesting _ erectile dysfunction? that's also interesting as _ erectile dysfunction? that's also interesting as to _ erectile dysfunction? that's also interesting as to what _ erectile dysfunction? that's also interesting as to what it - erectile dysfunction? that's also interesting as to what it would i interesting as to what it would affect women?— affect women? yes, we have colleagues — affect women? yes, we have colleagues in _ affect women? yes, we have colleagues in the _ affect women? yes, we have colleagues in the us - affect women? yes, we have colleagues in the us who -

affect women? yes, we have. colleagues in the us who have followed female users of these drugs. they are also used for pulmonary, arterial hypertension, however, there are so few women in the study and the group overall was very small that the follow—up time was very limited. it has been attempted but in those studies, no difference in risk was found. what we are saying is that we can expand studies and we really need randomised control trials. it is randomised control trials. it is really fascinating _ randomised control trials. it is really fascinating and good to talk to you. thank you for your time. the prince of wales has spoken publicly for the first time since king charles was diagnosed with cancer. prince william thank the well—wishers as he arrived at a charity gala dinner in central london. our royal correspondent has more. returning to royal duty — the prince of wales was at a fundraising dinner last night for the london air ambulance.

and a first comment from prince william to the bbc during what is a challenging time for the family. your royal highness, how grateful are you for the public support you've received in recent weeks? we really appreciate all the messages. thank you. prince william is a former air ambulance pilot himself, so this event had personal meaning to him. and there was a touch of top gun glamour, too. tom cruise, the star guest and another experienced pilot in the room. the prince gave a speech to guests at the fundraiser — his first since his wife had surgery and news of his father's cancer diagnosis was made public. i'd like to take this opportunity to say thank you also for the kind messages of support for catherine and for my father, especially in recent days. it means a great deal to us all. it's fair to say the past few weeks have had a rather medical focus, so i thought i'd come to an air ambulance function to get away from it all. laughter while one prince was on duty,

the other is already back home in the united states. prince harry spent around 45 minutes with his father at clarence house after the king's cancer diagnosis. he didn't meet his brother during his flying visit to the uk. the king is now on his sandringham estate in norfolk, away from the public gaze, where he'll spend much of the coming weeks. for his son, this will be a steady and managed return to royal duty. his priority remains supporting his wife as she recovers from surgery. but after the intensity of recent weeks, last night, there were some light—hearted moments. i should also take this opportunity to give a mention to my — our — fellow pilot tom cruise. tom, huge thanks for supporting us tonight. applause. and, tom, if you wouldn't mind not borrowing either of the new helicopters for the next mission impossible, it would be appreciated.

it was a glamorous end to the prince of wales' first day back on royal duty. not all engagements are as glitzy as this one. but with the king and the princess of wales stepping back, the royal family need the profile and the pull of prince william. daniella relph, bbc news, central london. before we break at the top of the hour let's go take you to ice land for those live pictures from the reykjanes peninsular in the south—western part of ice land. this is the second eruption this year, the third to hit the area since december. that for sure you are looking at is about three kilometres long. you can keep track and does live pictures from iceland on our bbc website. the weather has been so unpleasant

for many of us today, heavy rain, a dismal picture out there and we have had snow across the hills of northern ireland, it's been snowing in northern parts of wales, northern ireland is well and into southern scotland. this is the radarfrom earlier on but it is mostly hill snow, at least where it is falling heaviest but not exclusively. we have had a wet covering of snow on lower ground as well but let's focus on the amber warnings for the met office which are valid for this afternoon across northern parts of wales and into this evening across the pennines so some of the higher roots could get as much as 25 centimetres of snow. the trans pennine routes can be tricky so take it steady during the rush hour. on top of that we have a strong wind blowing out of the east and this is the picture around for pm. temperatures a few degrees above freezing but to the south much milder at 12 in london and similar values there. it is the rain of the service causing the problems and it could bring around 45 millimetres as

its weather front moves into parts of england and wales. the night will be messy, particularly in the north with a mixture of rain, sleet and snow and temperatures and bigger towns and cities at two or three degrees but further south it's milder and then as we head through friday, what's left of that wintry weather does transfer further north but there could be significant snowfalls across the scottish hills, particularly central and eastern parts of scotland. rain in the northeast of england and to the south we are about extensive cloud, showers, some of them heavy but some of the mild with 12 in plymouth and 11 in hull but it's much colder as we get into the north of scotland and this is the colder air and you can see wintry weather there to the south of that which will be milder. and a low pressure is still with us for the weekend but i think the areas of cloud will be more broken so perhaps sunshine coming through

but at times heavy showers are expected as well. and the outlook. it's going to be milder called? it does look as though it's going to stay in the mild side. the weather could be settling down as we head into tuesday. goodbye.

today at one — for the first time, global warming has exceeded 1.5 degrees celsius across an entire year.

every one of the last eight months were the hottest on record, but scientists say urgent action to cut carbon emissions can still slow warming. here in westminster, sir keir starmer is about to announce that labour are backtracking on a flagship climate pledge. an army veteran is to be charged with murder in connection with a killing during the conflict in northern ireland more than 50 years ago. a volcano in iceland erupts for the third time since december. how are you doing, you 0k? they've all gone very quiet. and england captain harry kane's new mission to get young people thinking about their mental health. and coming up on bbc news — we'll hear more about jesse lingard's move to fc seoul in korea, where he says he wants a different challenge and to create new memories.