samantha simmonds will be here at two o'clock,. now on bbc news, click. this week, we have supercomputers to get our hearts racing, and tech to get us all reading. let's read. automated voice: please take a picture of the text. _ now, don't anybody move!

plus, ammie's gone to town to test the newest oldest camera that we've seen for a while. ..where taking a photo sounded like a small, sharp pop. and it was flashy — just like this outfit. hi, there. got a question for you. of the two of us, who do you think is more of the health enthusiast? do you think anyone is saying me? literally everyone is getting that right. some people may have done. i do try, though. yes, you do. i do try. would you say it's always better to collect as much data about your body as you can? i think so. i find it really useful. i don't always act on that data, which can be quite frustrating, particularly when it comes to sleep. and some people can get a bit obsessive over it and it can make them feel anxious, and obviously, in those cases, it's not ideal. but, personally, ido find it motivating. so do you think that one day we'll be able to monitor enough about our bodies to be able

to create a completely virtual version of the entire body that then maybe we can test drugs on or create personalised health care for? definitely, and that will help us step towards predictive and preventative health care, which is what we're hopefully going to do. brilliant. well, we are one step closer because scientists in barcelona have created a digital version of a human heart. this means that one day you could have a beating copy of your heart in the virtual world. and alasdair keen has been to find out how it all works. h ea rtb eats on the edge of barcelona, researchers are working on an ambitious project that could change the future of health care, centred around the body's most crucial organ. thanks to advances in science and technology, our understanding of the human heart is getting better and better, so much so, that we can create digital copies of it. but as i'm about to find out, that involves some serious computer power. this is the home of europe's latest supercomputer. we've been invited in right as it's being switched on. here we go.

so this is the supercomputer. this is marenostrum 5, the new system being installed in barcelona. so it's more than 7,000 nodes. to put that in context, your personal computer or laptop would usually count as one node. and every cabin of this, it's having 102 discs, every one 18 terabytes. so the total raw capacity is 350 petabytes. one of the characteristics of the system is the weight. you want to try to push it? oh, it is — it's heavy. it's heavy, huh? very heavy, yeah. and expensive. ifeel like i'm in a china shop trying not to break anything. so all the supercomputer is connected by a high—speed network. we have built these glass tiles, so you can see

all the infrastructure. yeah. all of this computing power is generating a lot of heat. so now, this is the back part, where all the cables are coming through from the basement. and this is the heat. it hits you. you cannot feel on the tv. there are pipes carrying cold water to cool it all down. the hot water that comes out is used to heat the rest of the building. the supercomputer is able to contribute to research in many different fields at the same time, from engineering to predicting climate change. but researchers here are also using it to study the human body and do medical tests virtually. today, we can model a beating heart, so we can model the physiology, - the mechanical contractionl of the tissue, of the muscle and also the fluid, i the blood mechanics, inside the ventricles i

and atria and vessels. and if you kind of peel back the skin, as it were, of the virtual heart, it's basically lots of numbers and maths and calculations. nature can be interpreted using mathematics. - we describe your heart with - equations in a mathematical model. and then this mathematical model. is translated to a computer program. the beating hearts created are not generic. they can be based on an individual�*s data and used to determine if different drugs or treatments will actually work for that person. in a very similar way that in a real clinical trial in which you test - a therapy on a cohort of people, we can do the same, _ but on a cohort of virtual hearts. by exploring different i pathways for innovation, they can have better products — faster, cheaper and more -

sophisticated — that can come finally to the patient. - it's estimated it would take 57 billion years for a human to attempt the calculations needed to create a beating heart. the supercomputer can do it injust nine hours. this latest update in the tech will help scientists delve even further into health care, but that requires medical staff and patients to trust the technology. the team here aren'tjust going to stop at hearts. they'd like to create a full replica of a human, but with all the different movements and contractions that happen internally that we don't even think about, there's still a long way to go before that's possible. that was alasdair. now, there are around 25 diseases for which we have safe and effective vaccines.

but millions still die every year because those vaccines don't get to the people who need them. so one company has been looking at ways to streamline the process and, in doing so, save lives. lara: chikungunya is one of the infections that's - spread by mosquitoes. it's usually confined to sub—saharan africa but has started to spread. one vaccine has just been approved by the food and drug administration in the us, but others are working on it too. one of them is the bristol—based start—up imophoron. it's developed a new synthetic protein called addomer. the protein is adorned with parts of the target virus, but it's not infectious itself. it's a different approach to how other vaccines like the covid—19 ones were made, but there's one big advantage. the addomer can be produced, stored, transported and brought

to the people at ambient temperatures, which can go up to 50 degrees. this is a big advantage to other vaccines, which depend on a functioning cold chain. millions of doses of vaccines are lost every year because of inadequate refrigeration, especially when being sent to developing countries. | part of the issue is transporting| the vaccine from the distribution depot, where it is kept in cold chain conditions, to the site . where it's going to be administered. it could be hundreds of miles. and then when they get - to the facilities where they're going to deploy the vaccine, more often than not there's| not any refrigeration. now, over the years, _ people have tried different ways of dealing with this. they, for example, would dig holes and put the vaccine under- ground to try and keep it| at a sort of temperature. but it is very, very hard. another big advantage of the technique being used here is that it could be synthesised to target more than one disease in one shot. the addomer is not yet in clinical trials but it couldn't have got to this stage

without two key technologies. we are now coming to the cryo—electron microscopy facility. this is where our structured data collection will take place. this is ufuk. he's preparing the experiment. hello, i'm lara. nice to meet you. a prepared sample is placed in a tiny drop of water and inserted into that electron microscope at —195 degrees celsius. so when we put it then into the cryo—electron microscope, the electron beam can go through it and we will see our vaccine particles. 0k. could i take a look at what it's actually seeing now? so we can only have one of those grids loaded. . those are the 3mm discs- that we applied the sample onto. this is a magnified image of that. so this is a grid square image. and now, we're going to zoom in to these foil holes. - the microscope can zoom in to 0.1 nanometre detail.

that's one—ten millionth of a millimetre. these raw images may not look like much to you or me, but they are a vital part of the process. so what's coming off the actual microscope is, like, just shadows. you're kind of looking at the 2d shape of it from lots of different angles. and then what you need to do is take all of these different views from all these different angles and then work out, "what's the 3d shape that can produce all of those shadows?" cloud computing lets us get to the answer now. and it's that kind of... the researcher getting the structure as they're developing it. that's the big change that cloud enabled. and ai is pivotal to this. where ai can help us is we can run | literally thousands of simulationsl of where to position, _ which particular bit of the protein to attach, where to put it, - or if we need to stabilise it or fix it in some way. and that can help us really reduce

the time in the lab spent doing. iterations until we get the right molecule. i but if they do succeed, the possibilities in other areas could be huge too, such as cancer vaccines that train the body's immune system to make antibodies against a tumour. and at least its methods do have efficiency on their side. the addomer uses established technology for its production. the manufacturing processes are established and we believe that they will be very competitive. and we are now working towards entering clinical trials. this is a small company, though, up against a big challenge and big pharma, and these vaccines aren't in humans yet so there's a way to go. ok, time for a look at this week's tech news now, and after a surge of coverage of the newly released apple vision pro this week, mark zuckerberg has now released

a video saying — and this may shock you — he thinks his vr headset is better. the ceo of meta said the quest 3 is more comfortable, not encumbered by a wired battery pack, and has better hand tracking. but he would say that, wouldn't he? researcher at glasgow university have developed a ai—powered robot guide dog. named robbie, the robo—hound is armed with on—board cameras and satnav, and basic speech recognition, but that's not all. take the example of a museum, robbie will be very knowledgeable about the artefacts of that museum, and it can also explain to blind people, augmenting their senses. tiktok has announced that it will launch a local language election centre in the app to help people verify information during the upcoming european elections. the video platform also said it will establish a mission control space in advance of the elections to maximise its work. talking of tiktok, recognise this guy? yes, that's right. presidentjoe biden hasjoined

tiktok in an attempt to reach out to a greater mix of voters for his 2024 presidential campaign. the account launch on super bowl sunday despite the app being banned on most us government devices. this is oldham college in manchester. the campus has 5,000 students and up to 1,000 receive additional learning support. staff are committed to enriching the lives of those who are studying, and they're using technology to help them achieve that. the college has a dedicated dyslexia department where a variety of tech solutions are available for students to use depending on their needs. from helping them write essays and textbooks, to organising their college schedules and more. one such solution is the orcam learn.

the orcam learn takes a picture of any text, whether that's what's projected on the board or a poster in class, or it could be their question paper for a gcse mock exam and have it read back to them. and what's fantastic about that is that it's reducing our need to get extra support into the class with the learner. but that's not all it does. so, we often use the reading pal feature with our learners. we use it one—to—one as a personalised session with individuals. what it helps with is it helps the learner to improve their reading fluency and their comprehension. so the learner reads out loud to it and it gives instant feedback. another area of the reading pal which we really like is that it sends a more detailed breakdown of their reading to an online portal. the device has loads of different functions and is powered by ai and optical character recognition, ocr, where generic algorithms have been designed to capture any text

within four corners of a laser, then read it back to the student. some of those algorithms have been trained on huge data sets of hundreds and thousands of hours of audio collected by the company. for example, students' reading books and students' spoken word captured by the device when it's in record. it's important to note, however, that al is constantly learning and being refined. that's why it's able to give feedback in real time. the learners are studying early years education, which will involve reading out loud to nursery—aged children while on placement. under the guidance of faye, assistive tech is helping angel and rachel with their coursework. we did a reading, which helps me to say words properly, so when i go into placement, when i'm reading a word, i can slow down and i can say the words properly so they can

understand it and they can say the words after me. are we going to give orcam a wee go? yeah? cool, let's do it. device beeps let's read. automated voice: please take a picture of the text. _ camera clicks, device beeps great. please start reading. "the hamster was dead, on his back, legs in the air..." rachel is reading a full page of text from one of her favourite novels, and the assistive tech is going to mark her accuracy, then offerfeedback. automated voice: that was excellent reading. i you read six sentences out of the 11 with complete accuracy. _ now, it's angel's turn. she's using the comprehension mode. please point at any word in the sentence that - contains the answer- to the following questions. beep

how long did it- take to get her tattoo? great. congratulations. you've answered all three questions correctly. - angel and rachael tell me they love working with orcam and their teacher is noticing positive results. but how does the company know their device is delivering accurate feedback? the orcam is designed to identify if a student is reading at text level, so when you actually input a student's details into the portal, you input their date of birth, you input their year group, and when that piece of text is captured and that text is read back to the orcam, it transcribes both text formats and match together to identify the accuracy of the reading pal session. we don't get the students' data itself, obviously, due to student confidentiality, so that data really is for the teachers and the students. with any technology we bring into the classroom, experts agree that it can be exceptionally helpful, but it is

important to be cautious. there's been increased use of artificial intelligence within education colleges, schools, universities, and i think that's a good thing. we need to look out for bias in data, so, for example, you wouldn't want to use a product that's only been trained on data from one gender or one culture. of course, whenever we're using machine learning technologies, we need to be careful about the data that's being collected about us, about our students, as we're using the technology. orcam's assured us their training data is versatile and, where relevant, consists of different genders, age groups, dialects and acoustic conditions. technology is changing education with the company, college and students doing what they can to make the world a more inclusive place.

ammie: photography — the art of freezing moments in time. the history of photography is the history of the technology that made it possible. and the evolution of the camera is, for the very first time, focusing its gaze backwards, not forwards. so, let's get into it. we started with black—and—white portraits that required people to channel their inner statue, holding a pose for an eternity. now, don't anybody move! is that gun loaded, by the way? gun cocks as time marched forward, so did the evolution of photography and pictures — enter the flashbulb era, taking a photo sounded like a small, sharp pop. and it was flashy, just like this outfit. flashbulbs pop flip forward to a smaller, faster camera. cameras that could capture for all time... here it comes! ..a short moment, a memory.

enter the vibrant era of the polaroid, leading the way with instant photography, a limited number of chances to capture the moments as they went by. then came the digital age where we all became photographers. no longer for the few who could afford expensive kit and had the patience to wait. our pocket—sized phone studios meet demands instantaneously, and with the advent of digital manipulation and filters, you can get... mm...close to perfection every time. suddenly, everyone became a selfie connoisseur. this looks quite nice, quite strong. but what about waiting? what about those magical minutes of anticipation? 0k... that's the first time i take a picture of a dog. is it? oh, well, let's hope it's a good one. when the promise of what might have been captured was more satisfying than mindlessly tapping a phone screen. a new era in photography begins. polaroid was the 0g of instant photography. it was wildly successful at its peak in the 19705 with millions of sales.

it was simple. it was all plastic. it was fab. you'd snap a photo, wait for the magic to happen and... chimes ting ..hard copies of memories. you know how i got this car? it knocked over your garbage can. they've just made a new addition to their line. this is the polaroid i—2 instant camera. what they are pitching is a blend of nostalgia with the cutting—edge tech of today — analogue charm with digital finesse, a sleek new design houses features like improved optics, autofocus and bluetooth connectivity. well, that's enough about what it can do. let's go see how it actually performs. and to help out, i've invited along my colleague, liv. we're going to have a bit of an instant v digital comparison, where i'll be papping on the polaroid and she'll be snapping on a phone. 0k, 0k! all right, let's square it. unfortunately, i had a false start —

two, in fact, which isn't the best when you've only got eight pictures per pack to play with. i mean, i think i've already taken about five... ..but it was third time lucky... ooh! and here it is... we need to wait a few minutes. ok, i'll reply to some emails. 0k. yep, tell me when you're ready. a few minutes later, not a bad result from my instant pic, but i did waste two other pictures just getting there. all right, let me just dial in some settings first. needs. . . half an hour or so? camera whirs 0h... ugh, again? this time, the picture gotjammed and i had to take yet another one to get this result. decent in comparison. however, i could feel the cost per picture racking up. i've been able to take that many photos in a few seconds and you can just do that with a smartphone. you can't necessarily do that with that. it takes a bit of time to develop, to get it set up, and then, even then, you don't really know

what you're going to get. groans that not knowing and uncertainty carried on to our next photo op. it took me two attempts to figure out the correct settings to capture this shot of the bicycle. whilst liv�*s phone pics were quick, budget—friendly and a breeze to edit. the polaroid camera never crashed the photo shoot with unexpected interruptions... oh, is that...? phone buzzes oh, who's calling you? phone continues buzzing sorry, let me put that away. well, at least i would never get a call on this thing! feeling something in your hands gives it a weight, the promise of a premium product, and it's one of a kind. but in a world where photography is now so cheap, printing has become a luxury. that is the challenge now facing polaroid — it may well mean that they cannot replay the dizzying success of their �*70s heyday. it's remarkable what you can do. and, obviously, you enjoy doing this, do you? oh, yeah, yeah. but they're choosing to believe in the promise

of anticipation and hope their customers do likewise. a company can't survive on charm alone, so will the picture that emerges be a happy one? for a concrete answer, like the polaroid's customers, we'll have to wait. that was ammie sekhon. that's really interesting, isn't it? yes, and fascinating how instant cameras, polaroids, other brands as well, have really got popular again. mm—hm, mm—hm. i guess it's one extreme or the other. you've either got loads of photos on your phone that you never print, or people want things straight away. that's true! yes, that instant print. well, listen, that's all we've got time for for this week. thanks for watching and we'll see you next time. bye! hello there. let's take a brief look at the weather for the week ahead. so it's felt quite springlike of late, particularly given a better

brightness, of course. the mild air set to last for the rest of the weekend, but saturday was grey, damp and drizzly, lots of saturated ground still, particularly for western spots with more heavy rain sweeping eastwards on saturday night into sunday morning. and some of that rain still lingering on for a time across east anglia and the far south—east of england. eventually clearing, turning more showery and then the cloud breaking up behind it but still a few isolated showers in the north and the west for many, though. a largely dry day with some sunny spells and temperature still well above the seasonal average, generally 11 to 15 celsius. turning mildest too across shetland despite that very wet start to the day. things will be turning colder, though, as we head through next week, temperatures dropping back down to the seasonal average so not particularly cold for the time of year. it is going to be unsettled, wet and really very windy. we look out towards the atlantic to see these weather front sweeping eastwards and that's certainly true on sunday night into monday,

with a cold front pushing southwards and eastwards, more of a north—westerly wind. a few showers fizzling out as it continues to push north and south east of england and lots of brightness behind it. again, a few isolated showers across parts of western scotland, northern ireland perhaps, but a dip in temperature ofjust a couple of degrees — so ten to 13 celsius. and then a monday night it will feel a bit cooler, more widely we will see temperatures dip back down to mid single figures. another front starts to move in from the north—west as we head through tuesday this time it's going to bring some heavy downpours of rain across north—western scotland, northern ireland and down through north west england, also affecting western areas of wales by the time we get to the end of the day. the ground already pretty saturated in these sorts of areas. ahead of the front the south—westerly wind will pick up but it should stay largely dry but with plenty of cloud and some brighter skies behind the front, of course, towards the north and the west.

but that front likely to pep up i'm afraid, as we head through tuesday and wednesday so you can see a tight squeeze on the isobars. there'll be some strong, gusty south—westerly winds, particularly for the south of england as we had to wednesday with some heavy downpours of rain. further north and west across northern england, northern ireland and much of scotland, it will be a drier picture with some showers around, particularly towards the end of the day out towards the western isles. temperature starting to dip behind that second front and it's really on wednesday and the thursday that we notice the colder airdigging in. so they could be if few wintry showers, perhaps a tight squeeze on the isobars, some very windy conditions. wintry showers over 200, 250 metres across much of scotland. possibly some winteryness over the pennines as well as all of this pushes further southwards and eastwards. colder feeling air to the north and the west but still mild conditions largely further south and east. and you can see that dip in the jet stream here, just inviting all of that colder air down from the arctic. milder conditions further south. still mild for a time across the south and the east and some really very windy conditions around as well with low pressure just situated to the north in the east of the united kingdom. so very windy conditions, you can

see a tight squeeze on the isobars, various low pressure systems pushing their way towards us. so it will tend to be wetter and windier further north and west you are, the further south and east you are the drier it is likely to be. but even here it will turn wet and windy at times as we head through the end of the week and into next weekend. these temperatures now much closer to the seasonal average. bye—bye for now.

live from london, this is bbc news. the world health organization says gaza's second biggest hospital is now completely out of service following an israeli raid. after setbacks for ukraine in the war against russia, president biden vows to make sure a new package of military support is delivered to kyiv. the idea that now they've run out of ammunition, we walk away, ifind itabsurd, ifind it unethical, ifind itjust contrary to everything that we are as a country. the family of alexei navalny call on russian authorities to release his body, accusing them of concealing evidence. and it's the british film academy awards later.

oppenhemier has the most nominations, but will it win big? hello, and welcome. i'm samantha simmons. we start this hour with the latest on the israel—gaza war. the world health organization says the biggest hospital in southern gaza is now no longer functioning after a raid by israeli forces. the head of the who, dr tedros, said a team from the organisation had not been allowed to enter the nasser hospital in the city of khan younis to assess the condition of the 200 remaining patients. scores of patients remain inside the building, but there is said to be no power and not enough staff to look after them. the israeli military says it has killed about 20 hamas fighters and seized numerous weapons in the area of the hospital. meanwhile, israel has formally rejected what it called the "unilateral recognition"

of palestinian statehood. the rejection was approved unanimously in a cabinet vote put