when the ancient man appreciated their beauty, he immediately became puzzled by the question of creating them with his own hands. for centuries, people have tried to create what nature itself did, but they managed to do it only a little more than a century ago. now they are used in the production of quantum technology, space technology, and, of course, in jewelry. i'm talking about precious stones created by man, thanks to science. in the next half hour, we will not only talk about them, but also show the stones that our scientists grow. spoiler: one of them is belarusian co. given first in the world. the science

nearby project is on air. my name is ekaterina beretskaya. hello and don't miss out on the program. magic turned out to be powerless when anyone made the first attempts to create a gem . the first in the world. the peach diamond was grown by belarusian scientists. and how emeralds are created in the scientific and practical center. on materials science of the country's academy of sciences will be included in the program very soon. one of the issues of alchemy, which, by the way, became the basis of chemistry, was the search for a magical formula for making artificial gems. but then in in the 7th century bc, the alchemists naturally came to nothing. it wasn't magic that helped, it was science. the history of the issue is detailed. let's figure it out right

now. the first stone, artificially grown, but outwardly completely replicating the natural one, was ruby, created in 1857 by the french chemist mark garden. after this scientific breakthrough, already in the 20th century the world saw the first artificial diamond. in 1939, the soviet scientist ovsey leypunsky, in the process of long-term laboratory work, deduced the main conditions for creating artificial diamonds, pressure no less than 60,000 atmospheres and temperature 1.2 27° celsius. and one more important point: the process must take place in molten metal. two decades later, in the ussr, usa and sweden , scientists identified two main technologies that are still used today.

the german scientist espig succeeded in synthesizing another artificial stone, emerald, for the first time in 1935. although research on this topic has been conducted since the second half of the century. nineteenth. the birthplace of the first cultured pearls is china. and they kept his secret creations, the chinese have been for a very long time. in 1890 , the technology became known to the japanese. it's called cultivation and it takes a lot of time. a grain of mother -of-pearl is manually placed into a piece of adipose tissue of one mollusk, and then into the mantle of another. belarus has its own school for growing diamonds, and they are created by scientists at the scientific and practical center for materials science of the academy of sciences of belarus in a variety of colors. we’ll talk about this now with the deputy director of the center, oleg vladimirovich. hello. hello.

tell us first, is it possible for a non-specialist to distinguish such beauty from natural stones? usually it should be.

materials, that is, these are synthetic diamonds , cubic netridborons. in the soviet union in 1963, our institute was founded, the institute of solid state semiconductor physics, and there they created solid materials, but the emphasis was more on the instrumental direction, that is, res, synthetic diamond powder, then, by the nineties , a school appeared in belarus, called zayazhivaryagi from novosibirsk, they brought their equipment, they started their technology here... to cultivate the growth of diamond single crystals, and then, someone came, moved on, our specialists here grew up, grew up, we are slowly developing this direction, can you tell us a little about the technology itself so that it was clear, well, naturally, without revealing any secrets,

the dream of mankind in this direction is to obtain diamonds without pressure, because now this technology of pressure and temperature, it adapts everything that a person does to the conditions... natural, that is, in in nature, in the earth's crust there is a source of carbon , there are some impurities, catalysts, and , accordingly, there is pressure, accordingly, diamond crystals are formed there, in the same way we make diamonds, that is, we have a source of carbon, a metal catalyst, which dissolves carbon, then at pressure temperature the carbon dissolves in a metal catalyst, it already forms a new carbon phase, already a diamond in the world people are now trying. with lower pressure, so -called cvd diamonds, that is, layer-by-layer deposition of diamonds from the gas phase until they still inferior, but probably the future lies with this material, at least in terms of technology, clearly, because if now the world record for growing a diamond

using high pressure is 107 carats, then with the help of a cvd diamond, this is already 254 carats, wow, how long? needed to grow - here's one pebble? well, we get a stone of one and a half carats, it takes us four days to make one like this, in nature it would take, well, a century, a millennium, let’s be more specific. let's talk about that one the beauty that you brought to us, tell us that these are different colors, this is how you manage to achieve such different shades, and of course, we will talk separately about another exhibit here, but about it a little later, our standard base color is this is cognac, that is, it is a single crystal after growth, that is, it is formed in this type of pyramid, we can grow cognac, yellow or colorless, with a more complex shape

, that is, the smaller the volume, the more confidently you can control the process and, accordingly , the shape, the larger the stone , the more he spreads, as they say , and accordingly its shape becomes , as luck would have it, this stone was originally colorless, but it has its own defects, its own impurities, playing with... effects, with a defective structure, that is, additionally giving it pressure, irradiating it , chemical influences, we change its color, that is, not dyes, yes, as one might think , sometimes chemical, yes, that is, if we initially, what is called the initial mixture , make it as it should for a certain color, at least for yellow, for root, then we get light, everything that we cannot grow yet, there is such a post-forming operation, that is... a color change after after synthesis, well , it turns out, this is a stone after irradiation,

it became bluish, that is, in in the future, it is assumed that we will get our unique peach color, so let’s talk about it in more detail, this one is not found anywhere else in the world, that’s right, yes, there is no such thing anywhere else in the world, many specialists who looked at it, were arguing about what is he still beige, champagne or rose? and in the end, our specialist said that everything says peach, and after that a brand came up that the peach diamond is from belarus, well, this one is the first and only one so far, yes, yes, this is the first and only one so far, that is, in the future, from this stone will be the same, there will be a cut , there will be additional processing, that is , now we will try to develop a series, that is , you are playing with colors, and we are playing with colors, that is, we have blue options. pink, well , it turns out, this is this color cognac, and after post-

forming it turns out to be so yellowish, as we call it conorrheal, conorrheal, conorrheal, that is , the blue color can be obtained either by irradiation or by growth, that is, it is possible, and so it is possible, well, but just white, well, just white , this is a classic, half the people ask the white one, that is, he says, we are not interested in everything... this is fantasy, this is more for the youth there or for europe, he says: we need classics, that is, we need white diamonds, big enough quantity specialists, including with the help of instrumental methods, our diamonds cannot be distinguished from natural ones, and well, here poly is for scammers, there is also one chic color of stone, green color, of course i’m talking now about emeralds, and my colleagues have studied the assortment and are ready show it to us, let's see the plot! together with the

belarus 24 tv channel, we will plunge into the cultural life of our country. now they would say the opera and ballet theater, because look, our stage is quite high, you see the bars below, but from there the artist could unexpectedly come out and say: hello, there’s something else to play. geta city...

has sculptures with their own symbolic meaning, and as a rule, they are located in the center. meet valentin and valentina. let's get acquainted with the original belarusian traditions. i haven’t hit you yet, well, i’m immediately scared, you’re not scared, i’m scared, hitting, of course, hurts, no, tell me, what could a woman in such an outfit do, probably supervise the work of the servants, most importantly, we experience vivid emotions, well what, guys, how did i fit into your team, take it, yes, i

i’m really thinking about buying a jacuzzi, i’ll have one for myself. watch on my tv channel belarus 24. our film crew did not get into the laboratory for growing emeralds in the scientific and practical center for materials science; it turned out that no one except the scientists themselves were allowed there, after all, it was a production secret. we started growing emerald single crystals somewhere at the end

of the last millennium; the technology was developed over about 5 years. we are not pioneers here, let’s just say it was developed in the united states, but no one, of course, told us didn’t sell the technology , but no one would take the money to sell us, but we developed it ourselves, developed it, it all started with small crystals, then we got to the point where now single crystals larger than 100 carats are grown, from which we make jewelry bets and naturally, we sell the population there to jewelry. companies and at home abroad. and, by the way, it is precisely in the matter of selling emeralds that the trend today is to buy lab-grown stones. and natural stones often do not reach the wider market at all. emerald - one of the exceptions among precious stones. in it, the first place in price is the color, and not the defectiveness of the crystals, well, up to

a certain limit, of course. therefore ideal. emerald crystals, they generally don’t go up for sale and are valued much more than diamonds, they are bought up by the world’s leading museums and collectors, and a closed club of buyers among millionaires, where you can only join, let’s say, on the recommendation of two members of this club, when they offer you some lot for purchase, no one is trading. and if you're there for a couple once you refuse, you are simply excluded from this club by everyone, that’s why these are ideal crystals, they are valued much higher than a diamond, as for the color of emeralds, it can only be in two versions, pure green and with a faint bluish tint, so very weak the bluish-green one that

we grow, it is also called colombian, and it is pure green... zombie, this more valuable, let's say, emerald with a very slightly bluish tint, it is among, let's say, grown stones made in the lagulatory, he is appreciated too much more, somewhere, let’s say, 60 percent. emeralds belong to the minerals of the beryl group, among which there is a handsome red one, which scientists also value at...

per carat, that is, five times more expensive than a diamond. these are the analogues we are currently making. it takes at least 3 months to grow a stone of a color that bewitches the human eye. the process of growing with the volume of, let's say, a crucible, that is, this is a glass for growing, it has a volume of about 2.5 liters, it takes about. for 3 months in america they were grown from a large crucible, there the volume is about 20 l, there it is about a year. it was grown, naturally, more crystals were produced there , well, this is, let's say, such a volume, this is about 20% of the world's demand, well, this naturally

depends on, let's say, the demand at the moment, we have, let's say, such a tendency to the fashion of grown stones, that is, made in a laboratory, not natural. when emeralds end up in a piece of jewelry, they most often take on their classic appearance, the so -called step cut, most often square or rectangular in shape with slightly truncated corners. you are watching the science project nearby, don’t miss it in the final part of the program. not only for jewelry craftsmen, where they are also used artificially. diamonds in our country, from osla to johannesburg, who buys belarusian diamonds and how natural

precious stones are processed, a great report from a domestic jewelry factory, every corner of our small homeland is delighted with them, they are generally called a piece of paradise, there is very beautiful honey here... yes , here we have 200, in my opinion, almost 67 species of birds, wherever we we haven’t been, we still feel drawn to our homeland, our native air, our native land, this is a gift that we receive from birth, they know everything about how to run a household, he says, thank you, sergey, thank you, i think, for what it’s like, he says , my wife put her nails into the ground for the first time, and from there she took out potatoes with this...

belarus, in the person of our president alexander lukashenko, has always advocated peace negotiations between russia and ukraine. they were ready to end the war if we, like finland, once took neutrality. had arrived boris johnson said in kiev that we won’t sign anything with them at all, and let ’s just fight. although, maybe this is different. sanctions, blackmail, inciting ethnic hatred. various techniques used by western political strategists against economic and political allies, russia and belarus. us pressure is constantly

increasing on the countries of the european union, making them poor and dependent. the key competitor of the united states of america or anglo-saxon corporations has always been european companies. how to destroy any economy, make inputs extremely expensive. but with russia and belarus. let's return to diamonds, where our diamonds go first of all, well, besides the fact that they are naturally presented on the domestic market, our diamonds have been noticed all over the world, the majority, of course, are bought by belarusians, but

then, by the will of fate, sometimes you meet your own stones, your own you can define the stones, they can be found from portugal to korea and from norway to ur, that is, geography, yes, the geography is the most diverse, that is, yes interested, mostly interested. two types, that is, people who are engaged in the production of jewelry, and you yourself are manufacturers, well, what are called competitors, because competition in the market is quite fierce, that is, china is trying to collect this entire area, that is, it now occupies 95% of the synthetic market diamonds in terms of tools and now he is trying to do the same with jewelry stones, now the price of synthetic stones, synthetic diamonds, it is significantly very... underestimated, that is, before 10 years ago it was 10% the cost of natural, now it is only 2% of the cost of natural, wow, that is, they

have fallen significantly in price, but... not everything is so rosy here, because the latest news is that a number of manufacturers in china are going bankrupt, that is, they everything flies out at cost, leaves the market , so what will happen next is hard to say, but everyone has their own wars, there are dairy, meat, sugar, we have diamond, if we talk about areas of application, let’s say, of course, for girls in first of all, yes, this is jewelry, but our diamonds are used.

based on diamonds, wow, i’m afraid to ask, but i’ll ask anyway, what plans do you have for this beautiful shine, maybe some unusual projects, unusual experiments, well, the peach one turned out beautiful, in principle , we have, well it is possible, if we divide it this way - immediate plans and long-term ones, that is, in the immediate plans we move to what is called a more systematic approach, that is, now... we are actually working from the wheels, that is, the task came, we decided the next, the next, the next, often we are some of these promising directions we’re just putting it on the back burner, that is , my vision is what i would like, i would like to close the domestic market at the beginning, that is , including for diamonds, for tools, then maybe somewhere we can focus on exports, that is, in far-reaching plans, well , such fantastic directions as

the same solar cells based on... diamond for quantum technology, but these topics turn out to be very expensive and require fundamental research, that is, here belarus will be needed in any case cooperation there, if not with everything in peace, but at least with russia, with china for sure. well, i can only wish you good luck thank you for this beauty for a really interesting story about this beauty. thank you. with the development of scientific technologies in the field of creating artificial stones, interest in natural ones. did not become less of a general. moreover, science is correct on this issue as well; my colleagues have already become convinced of this after visiting the world-famous belarusian jewelry factory. until recently , it was believed that creating diamonds from natural diamond is manual labor, but there are operations where not even hands, but human eyes are simply not able to see

what will lead in the future. to a perfectly clean diamond, and therefore it is better to entrust such operations to the machine. just such the latest equipment was recently acquired by a factory for the production of jewelry in gomel; this equipment allows the very first production stage to be completed immediately, what is called a clean finish. the modernization took place as part of a reduction in preparatory and physical work that was done today directly the cutters, people, peelers, who were involved in the preparation.

the time that they would have been engaged in the preparatory processing of these diamonds is now freed up for further growth in production volumes. now, after modernization, the first stage of turning a natural diamond into a diamond is done by a machine, minerals are placed in it, it scans it and the computer produces a 3d model of the diamond. this is necessary in order to see the slightest defects inside the mineral, which automatically reduce the cost of the finished product.