it’s everyone’s personal business, in general i like to eat or barbecue, i’m more into our barbecue , so to speak, traditional, i didn’t even know barbecue, only when i came here, the brave team gets things done faster, the three of us in the kitchen prepared a simple dish in a timely manner, now some napkins for you i’ll bring it, i ’ve been waiting for this all day,

eh, we have an old man, our leonid. from the very beginning, the performers captivate the presenter’s heart, their outfits, voices, surroundings; a foreigner hurries up to the stage. good afternoon. dinti, what is the name of your team? sukvetse, our team called inflorescence inflorescence. inflorescence. and in belarusian language there is sukvetse. according to the genre, we have something like this. what kind of gender is this, just so interesting?

in exactly a week, i am not so famous, this means that you are a seller, admittedly of the lowest category, we bake bread at night so that in the morning, warm, hot, it can reach our customers, wicker, wicker, pulka batkova, i don’t like , yes, well, everything needs a feeling. let's plunge into the physical and intellectual world of sports, where everything is important. everyone worked on the lines, great.

and we still remember this match and guys, how many of our zhoden football fans came there and how much they supported the team, for our part i promise that we will do everything to win this superk, only sport, only belarus 24

we are obligatory! we use it after

cooking, as well as after any meal, it is thanks to it that our dishes remain beautiful, because for many years, the time to put things in order in the kitchen is reduced to a minimum. although our grandmothers used soap for these purposes in the last century, which produced little foam and dried out your hands. you probably already guessed that i’m talking about dishwashing detergents; it’s clear that without scientists it would still not exist in our kitchens. my name is ekaterina beretskaya, hello, today we will literally analyze the scientific components, without exaggeration, of the most popular household chemical product, in order to once again make sure that science is nearby in this topic. so, look at the program. black precursor to white foam. let's find out what our ancestors used to wash dishes. let's look at the composition of modern detergents. first

group is a hydrophilic group, meaning it tends to dissolve in water. and together with the doctor we will study the rules for their use. not in it. there must be chlorine -containing impurities. like many modern things, liquid dish detergent has an ancient history. more than 5.00 years ago , submitted by scientists, it appeared completely by accident. as we learn from our regular column history question. around the third millennium bc, in the middle east, when people fried meat, the fat ended up in the zala, which has alkaline properties. the ancient man quickly realized that a handful of ordinary halloween easily dissolves in water and is washed off along with the dirt, although at first

such a product was used only for washing. in russia they used not only zala, but also vegetable oil and sand. and for a long time, the prototype of a modern sponge for washing dishes... was grass, and a little later a piece of unnecessary fabric. back then, people had few dishes, and in general a personal plate and spoon were considered a privilege. the situation did not change for centuries, until the industrial revolution occurred, factories began to produce including dishes, and in order to be able to clean them quickly and effectively, chemists come up with the idea of ​​​​creating a special product. who did it first remains a mystery, some attribute the championship. scientists from england, but more often the name of the german chemist pontor is heard, who at the beginning of the 20th century invented a dishwashing detergent, which at first was used only in industry; 10 years later, the first product appeared in america, which is well known to each of us. well, now i propose to figure out what

is part of the product that we use every day. a specialist in the field of chemistry is already in contact with us. danila, hello, please tell us what components or combinations of components give us that thick foam in dishwashing detergents . hello, ekaterina, we’ll tell you about the main components in modern detergents. the first main component is water, it contains approximately 30%. the second main component is surfactants. they are molecules - consisting of two different groups: the first group is a hydrophilic group, that is , it tends to dissolve in water, the second part of the molecule is hydrophobic, it does not like to dissolve in water, with the help of this composition of the molecule, its hydrophobic part

clings to the pollutant particle and its hydrophilic partly helps it detach from the surface by reducing surface tension, this is the force that holds the contamination on the surface. it reduces surface tension as a result of dirt sticking off the surface, basically , a surfactant such as sodium laureth sulfate is used, daksha uses other types of surfactants as a helping agent for laureth sulfate, compounds such as propylene oxide are also used, which are used as a co-solvent by analogy with water, sodium chlorine, all sorts of preservatives, and the like . now let’s look at how modern detergents differ from those that humanity used to have. previously, people made detergents in the following way: they took animal fat, collected waste material, they mixed it, poured boiling water

over it, infused this mixture, and the result was something similar to modern soap. what's the point? wood ash is sodium potassium carbonates, they have. a highly alkaline environment in the solution, due to this the hydrolysis reaction of fats occurs, resulting in a soap composition very similar to what we use in modern times. all detergents have an alkaline reaction, this is due to the fact that sodium laureth salt, which is contained in detergents, it is a mixture of a strong base and a not very strong acid, as a result we get an alkaline environment, an alkaline environment is also necessary so that the molecule of the surface of the active substance can perform its function, if the environment is acidic, for example, then it will function as a detergent ... it’s clear, but

tell me what generally happens to food leftovers when they are exposed to one or another detergent. modern contaminants are fatty residues, fat is a mixture glycerol and fatty acids, under the action of an alkaline detergent, a hydrolysis reaction occurs, as a result, the fat molecule breaks down into a separate glycerol salt of the fatty acid. which individually dissolve in water are carried away with the flow, therefore you can simply use components that give an alkaline reaction, for example, baking soda, the classic version, it gives an alkaline environment, but its disadvantage is that it is a crystalline powder, therefore it will scratch the dishes , as a result of the effect there is a detergent, but the dishes get scratched , the quality of the dishes decreases, and so on. what are the advantages of modern detergents? they contain: not only an alkaline component, but also contain surfactants that remove pollutant molecules without

scratching the dishes or harming other parts in any way, therefore it is much more convenient and effective. danila, thank you very much, everything is simple, how much we love, and i remind you that you are watching the science project nearby, today we understand modern washing products. here's something else we'll tell you about: how detergents penetrate through the skin into our body, what to do if dishwashing gel causes allergies, and a sign of quality and safety, a large report from the production of domestic detergents, very soon in the program. according to estimates from manufacturers of household chemicals.

in fact, when it comes to detergents, when we need to clean the dishes, we don’t really think about how dangerous or safe they are for our health. how does foam penetrate our body? does it still penetrate? of course, everything that you and i, let’s say, take in our hands, we contact, it necessarily goes through us and gives some effect, either positive or, as in this case, negative. all detergents that have a foaming infection, yes, they foam, so to speak, and

penetrate through our skin, it is necessary to note that the skin still has a main function, the first is a barrier, that is, the prevention of our body, internal organs from any damaging substances from external influences, therefore the foaming substance passes partially through... layer, and if there is a very large amount of it, it can have a detrimental effect on our health. i’m sure that many will say, well, at most , probably an allergy, but allergies are also a thing, actually dangerous, of course, we now have a tendency towards an increase in the population of various allergic reactions, this is associated with infectious diseases and various chronic ones, well, including ours household, let's say. means yes, with which we come into contact in order to improve, let’s say, our living conditions, and here it should

be noted that very frequent use it is precisely various disinfectants and detergents that affect our skin , how it manifests itself, well, first of all, upon contact with any product, there is, let’s say, redness or swelling, precisely at the point of contact, if we are talking about constant contact ... with any washing agent, mainly phosphates, yes, various surface active substances that are part of dishwashing detergents, because housewives ... often, let's say, in a hurry, before going out to work, they want to quickly clean everything up after breakfast, well, run, here you need to pay attention to what subsequently happens to your skin, that is, if there is dryness, swelling and any, let’s say, uncomfortable situations, then this indicates that that you have a predisposition to some

agent that is part of your particular detergent, which you use every day... and there is such a situation, like for years, in fact, the same detergent, well, the compositions are approximately the same, yes, before this, everything was fine with your hands, at some point, boom, they start to turn red, itch, and so on and so forth, what’s going on here? here there is such a thing as a dose effect, yes, that is, such a cumulative peculiar effect that goes on endlessly from day to day, from year to year, so here you need to pay attention to...

not so that they are safe, but it seems that the more product you take, the faster and better you will, let’s say, wash the dishes or clean the dishes faster, but here you don’t need to forget that increasing the dose , let’s say, can affect the immune system, as well as various, let’s say, pores that can form when exposed to a detergent disinfectant, i’m now talking about the temperature at... from the water, that is, you still need pay attention at what temperature of water you use this product, because pores can form that go to our hatch system. so we smoothly moved on to the rules for using detergents, the water temperature is indicated, i as i understand it, we don’t work with hot, direct boiling water under any circumstances, that is, in

principle, you can rinse with boiling water if you want to make sure that it ’s sterile just like that. everything is fine, but the most optimal is 30-45° in order, let's say, to wash away some residues, fat and various, let's say, foreign agents. if we talk about a temperature of 60, then damage occurs here, let's say , and skin, yes, pores, which we are talking about, so we don’t heat it up too much here, secondly, we look at the composition, be sure the product that you use, it... must contain chlorine-containing impurities and various agents that contain chlorine, because it has a detrimental effect on our pulmonary system, it can, let’s say, even lead to bronchial asthma, so this it’s very important, and of course we look at what it’s like, even the

same fragrances, because in some cases, for example, if a person has allergies. reaction there to the same citrus fruits, or some kind of floral, let’s say, also moments, then this can also affect person. wearing gloves while washing dishes at home or without, if this is not a professional matter, yes, the work does not involve washing dishes, it is obligatory, only with gloves, it is better to wash dishes with gloves in order to provide an additional, protective, let’s say, this layer for your hands, if you do this once a week, then in principle, of course, it’s possible. without gloves, but i think that basically every day we are faced with these moments, well, for example, i wash with gloves, someone will now say, it’s better to wash without gloves, in a dishwasher, like a specialist, like a doctor, tell me, is this really as safe as it seems at first glance for our health? first of all, you need to pay

attention that there is a higher temperature there, yes, that is, there is heating from the sixties. what's here? when we talk about a child’s health, the first year is the most important, why? because you and i are studying in a unique way an organism that has found its way into this

life, yes, that is, you and i don’t know what there are already and some moments that have been passed on, yes, predispositions, therefore here you need to look very carefully at any manifestations on the part of the child, that is, peculiar ones. it’s better not to do experiments, but the dishes, of course, should be as clean as possible, let’s say, of any of these otherworldly and additional impurities, yes, and here, of course, you need exactly the right care and cosmetics for both the child and for dishes, it is specific, that is, for children, which contains the least amount of these dangerous agents, why, because the body is small, if... you and i will always be this product has been used for up to a year, then in the future, well , the person will simply have a constant allergic reaction, not even a predisposition, yes, but

an allergy, so here it is very necessary to carefully approach wisely, well, not only to washing dishes, but in general, in principle, to the food that we give to the child, well, that is, there are labels for children on powders, on some kind of detergents. externally, and of course, in order for your hand skin to look presentable for the longest time, it is a protective barrier

for, let's say, interaction with the external , yes, daily care must be at night, preferably, that is, why is it desirable, because the maximum effect, let's say, of nutrient consumption, if we talk about creams, look at the composition, how. .. usually these are vitamins a, e, f, so, in order, well, let’s say, to absorb the benefits for the skin, well, look in general about the vitamins that we use, that is, here not only creams, but also in general, vitamins and mineral complexes to improve health, this is already relevant. as always, informative, a lot of interesting things, thank you. there is definitely no need to worry about the safety of belarusian detergents. in that. i’m sure my colleagues who have already visited one of the specialized production facilities and are ready to tell you right now and show everything in our section how it’s done. guys whose erudition

any adult would envy. which russian writer held the position of vice-governor for some time? mikhail soltukovin, but because ? the sword of prince vyachka is held by a sweet, modest girl, which means her favorite book, a family cemetery animals, favorite movie, house of wax,

thriller, horror detective, once my friend and i decided to try it, well, we liked it, but maybe you watched horror movies with them, no, i'm afraid, we remember the school program together with the project participants

, they will introduce belarusians to the cultural characteristics of their countries, yes, it’s very tasty, come here, thank you, we are cleaning you up, oh , hello, good afternoon, this is a surprise, you are so handsome in uniform, simply handsome, it was an amazing day today, yes, us an adventure each. see in the project how at home on our tv channel. the technology for producing dishwashing detergent is not at all complicated by scientific standards. the main components are purified

water and surfactants , surfactants, which provide foam and clean the dishes from dirt, the remaining components in the composition are already additive, almost all detergents have , plus or minus, the same technology, which, of course, is constantly being improved . and in terms of product range, we have two sections at the enterprise, a section for household chemicals, which produces bulk and detergent products. plot liquid detergents directly from our company, which produces dishwashing detergents, detergents , bleaches, liquid soap, various cleaning products, and plumbing cleaning products, consumers are instantly snapping up not only dishwashing detergents, but also laundry gels, and here technologists also constantly

experiment with the composition so that... the product, on the one hand, copes with its main function, carefully removes dirt, but on the other hand it rinses well, and is also safe, because clothes come into contact with our skin most of the day. in order for washing to be more effective, various active ingredients are added. these components include anti-resorbents, complexing agents; an anti-resorbent allows dirt not to be re-deposited on the fabric, but a complex. a thickener is added, which makes the product thicker and, let’s say, this does not make it more effective, but simply improves its consumer properties. questions about the formulation of a plant for the production of household chemicals in in baranovichi, technologists are in charge; they are the ones who decide how much and what needs to be added.

when the technological map has been drawn up, the recipe can be sent to work, here the so-called mixing of the detergent takes place in special reactors. here is the control panel for the mixer reactors, the control panel directly shows all the parameters that we need to enter from the volume of water in liters, to the temperature regime of the jacket for heating the mixer reactor to the very temperature of the product, designed for 5 tons the finished product, the material is stainless steel.

from here, by rolling through a rotary pump, the product is delivered to the container, and from the container the detergent enters the packaging line, the last production stop at the plant, the first block of the line is weight control, here they check that the container is strictly 200 ml of liquid, we weigh the container .