when you're five, it's a collection of inserts, from tom and jerry chewing gum, it seems, the most valuable thing is taken by the one who turns both over. we made paper dolls in batches, drew dresses and called ourselves fashion designers. we waited a whole week to watch our favorite cartoon on sunday morning; it was only later that vcrs appeared. true luxury. to whom was it available? they organized a whole

cinema hall at home, the shortage is the most capacious thing that collects the romance of childhood, the early nineties, when you can’t take candy into the garden, others also want it, but there’s no way get it, no, not buy it, just get it, and this is not a bad childhood, that was the time, it took years to understand how much parents did back then in order to get candy for...

well, hevazh, you can buy a t-shirt for a child, it costs 3,000 , well, well, what is this, i work myself, i can’t feed him, so i have oil in my hands, everyone is different, i pay 200 rubles, 250, i can eat these prices in the store , buy them, but let’s say we take them off the book money, we’ll live for a while, then what? no less queues lined up at the cash registers, would it be good if the salary was paid for the last month or at least part of it in cash? the second was produced goods, but the main blow was ahead, having lost control over monetary circulation, savings turned into the same candy wrappers, inflation grew by 30% per month, as a result, for the price of an apartment, people were able to buy, perhaps, a barn lock, my husband died, i ’m going back, i’ve been working for so many years, i’ve worked, i’ve raised children, now i have to beg, i was robbed by...

the government, everything was decided by connections and positions in society. and don't need it here cover up these problems, everyone must answer for their own. before deputy lukashenko, no one spoke so openly about corruption. this statement, which was made at a meeting of the supreme council at the end of ninety-three, was listened to by the whole country, it seems, to no one except.

the young and proactive politician did not care that ordinary people were suffering from the inaction of the authorities, and the young state , just a few years after the collapse of the ussr , found itself on the brink of an abyss, some benefited from being kept silent, some did not, did not know where to go move on. they don’t have their own program, actually, and what kind of program they have exists in order to get us out, the urad councils.

the government was marking time and there was no talk of any development, society had reached a boiling point, trust in the authorities had been lost, only a strong leader could turn the situation around in favor of the people? the supreme council was in no hurry; it was this issue that became a stumbling block, which delayed the adoption of the fundamental law for almost 4 years. during the period of preparation for the constitution of ninety-four there were many disputes over about what kind of republic, our republic in terms of the form of government, presidential, parliamentary. to put this issue to a republican referendum, but in the end this idea was abandoned in the supreme council, and the supreme council was then the main body

of state power. the law of laws from the seventy-eighth, by the early nineties , had already become an archaic document; it required a radical revision, two working groups took on it. decided that the basis would be traditions, which would be supplemented by advanced world experience, but after looking through the prism of democratic transformation and the preservation of social guarantees, it turned out that even our closest western neighbors have no trace of this. the approaches of russia, which decided on its development strategy a year earlier, were closer in spirit. the developers proposed about three dozen options, added and crossed out, argued and agreed.

the people were defined as the only source of state power, and for the first time the institution of the presidency was designated in the constitution. the constitution of belarus is based on...

we were like them, probably standing on our hind legs and waiting for them to give us some kind of bone. while our western neighbors were deciding and waiting for what they would offer and how they would tell us to live on, the belarusian people took the situation into their own hands, first of all

they had to decide on the candidacy of the future first president, 1994, the country approached the elections in a deplorable state, a loss. 40% of industrial production, agriculture has been set back decades due to fuel shortages, the harvesting company is under threat, real incomes are falling, unemployment is rising, and this is against the backdrop of rampant crime and corruption. those factories that previously produced rockets were forced to expand and produce those goods that were primarily needed by people, for example, that is, for many engineers it was a very moral blow, such a blow that before that we... just machine gun cartridges , then once you do the graters, for many it was even a kind of humiliation, but what can you do, the whole country was forced to survive, everyone rushed to trade en masse, because prices are right in russia for food, they were three times higher than ours, just my father, like many other

people, they just transported food, primarily butter, sausages and cheeses to russia, just in connection with the general shortage , and i remember my father and i standing at the door of the store and asking people if they were going to buy butter, and if people said they weren't going to buy butter, we asked them. to buy us a pack of butter, my father went to smolensk or noah with these products and there, when he told me that as soon as you get to peron with these bags, and the russians just came and immediately swept away all these products that he brought, because belarusian goods were already rated as very tasty, to take the state people away from the abyss, such courage, at that time it was really a strong statement in his election program... was proposed by candidate alexander lukashenko, the director of the state farm, a townsman from the people

, as voters called him, he promised to restore industry, restore all external relations, while honestly warning about the difficult path to real independence. the people reacted with great enthusiasm to the presidential elections of 1994, and people were in the newspapers. very broad discussions about what would happen next, so everyone with the understanding that the fate of the country depended on us, we came to the polling stations, i remember myself, i came with my mother by the hand, she brought me and i remember that the polling stations were very so decorated and people were very festively dressed, they were preparing, they saw that they had the opportunity to decide their fate of the country in their hands, to entrust... to the person whom they value, people entrusted the fate of the country, they

entrusted this difficult, difficult responsibility to the young politician. alexander lukashenko wins the second round of the presidential election by a large margin, without relaxing or enjoying the victory, the first president immediately proposes a plan of urgent measures to get the economy out of the crisis. time is running out, there is nowhere to go further, this program has become desperate over a long period of time.

crisis, but as it turned out in practice, it could not fully ensure effective development of the young state. the country sighed with hope and waited for decisive action, but the contradictions inherent in the basic law made themselves felt. the decision of the young president was talked about in the oval hall, or even completely blocked. there is a political crisis. it was necessary to urgently look for a way out of the situation and the head of state, having the constitutional right to do so, appeals to... since it was proposed to hold a referendum on the issues of introducing some

changes and additions to the constitution, in particular regarding the powers of the president republic of belarus, he was asked to transfer the functions of appointing senior officials of the judicial corps of our country, including the chairmen of the courts of the republic, appointing members of the central election commission, appointing heads of the country's regions, and it is even natural to nominate individually. decision to consider holding a referendum in the republic of belarus, also in ninety-six , it was first proposed to abolish such a body as the supreme council of the republic of belarus, replacing it with a bicameral parliament, national assembly. several more important issues were put to the referendum in 1995: it is impossible to restore the walls without strengthening the foundation. the young belarusian state started practically from scratch, in its ideology, symbolism, after... the collapse of the ussr, some hot -headed people proposed to demolish everything to the ground.

belarus is one step away from nationalism. the language issue could provoke a split in society and lead to fraternal hatred, as happened in ukraine and the baltic countries. symbolism imposed by warheads threatened to inflict a mortal wound on entire generations who knew what was behind it. years later, it is clear who benefited from this and where they wanted it... yes, more than 83% of citizens agreed that russian should become the state language, along with belarusian. 75% voted for changing state symbols, more than 83% supported economic integration with russia, almost 78% agreed with changes to the constitution regarding the powers of the supreme

council. when we worked in the supreme council of the thirteenth convocation, there was a lot. well, here we have already begun to engage more in legislative activities and begin to do what parliament should do. building a clear system of state power that would make it possible to quickly make management decisions and ensure their implementation turned out to be an extremely difficult task,

all countries of the post-soviet space have gone through this, and some are still getting into trouble, painfully. this process also happened for belarus. the discussion of amendments to the constitution took place in a difficult political situation, in confrontation turned out to be separate branches of government, political parties and public associations. the supreme council has prepared its own version of the changes. the main question remained: to be a parliamentary or presidential republic in belarus. the attempt to drag citizens into the conflict failed. people , having seen enough of the distant discussions in the supreme council, trusted more the one who simply worked. solving their specific problems. here is the visit of the head of state to mogilev. thank you, thank you. and this is gomel. here the president once again stated: the fate of the young states are only in the hands of ordinary people. yes,

today is not easy. yes, there are a lot of problems today. will be adopted together with the belarusian people, this is their initiative to convene the first all-belarusian people's assembly in the history of a sovereign state. 500 people listened to the report, which transparently reflected the tactics of the young politician, only the people have the right to decide their fate, and then the court discussed the socio-economic development program for the next five-year period together,

including about increasing exports and developing the agro-industrial complex, that it was time revive the pace of housing construction.

starting with city and district ones, local government and self-government were entrusted. a clear vertical of power, which was then formed thanks to the constitutional reform, made it possible to preserve belarusian statehood. this will later be noticed by historians and experts. the task from the president was absolutely clear: to protect the interests of honestly working people, and not speculators and privatizers. and

put national interests above what the west is blindly trying to point out. from a fresh angle it was necessary look at all sectors of the national economy. their effective work will strengthen the social sphere. how and with what to treat? what is missing in medicine to prevent the development of serious illnesses, what to add to pensions and social benefits, whether education is needed in the soviet school, we were not talking about big reforms, rather about updates taking into account what life dictates. then, as first-graders, we received these innovations with a bang; those who went to the first grade as seven-year-olds, like recruits, had to try out a twelve-year school, 10 classes for the base. we didn’t know that yet. in the middle classes, fives will be replaced by tens, later exams will be tests that will be called centralized , too serious for those who are still getting used to the weight of the backpack and the difficult middle name of the first

teacher, tamara ilinishna, as for needs, even the children understood that stability had replaced deficits, which is no longer a luxury for a simple belarusian family. we remembered that education is not only about studying, it is about upbringing and training. here. in the nineties the word education was completely left, they told us that a teacher, a lesson giver, he must give a lesson two knowledge, give knowledge, education does not concern him, but we see what this could lead to if we did not realize it in time, so a lot has been done, we returned profiling, the fact that belarusians chose the right path to stop the young state was confirmed by the first five-year plan, by the 2000s more than by the third. gdp grew, the same amount was added to investments in fixed capital, industrial production increased by more than half, incomes and new buildings, and no matter how they predicted the collapse

of our economy, and those who like to give out unsolicited assessments, over the five-year period were able to exceed the indicators before the crisis of the nineties, step by step, they moved to the point that in order to ensure employment for citizens, we now have the official level. ..unemployment is very low, he did everything to ensure that citizens were employed, received wages, and there were no problems with receiving pensions. the belarusians survived solely by their wits and labor, without having any deposits of natural resources, and this was really the beginning a new stage of statehood, when the confusion of the first years of independence was left behind. by 2004, belarus already produced a third of the world's output of heavy-duty vehicles. a new five-year plan was underway, with it the next presidential elections, people had to decide on the course for the future and to whom more than half of its production would go for export,

to entrust; according to the constitution, the second term for the first president of belarus was final, but the people decided in their own wise way. let's look back, look at our other states, let's take a look. yes, and the most important thing is that we have peace, no , interethnic rose, from the very beginning i voted for him, his policies, his goals, the whole

family listened to the president’s address, and i think that it is very timely, it gives people the opportunity to think about everything -over their choice, well, i think that the majority of our people will still be inclined to give it to alexander. grigorievich had the opportunity to run for this position again; a cross-section of opinions in the 2004 referendum showed 79.42% of belarusians supported the decision of the first president to participate in the next elections, and dubra in this way changes to the constitution, and there were more than one such examples, so naturally, based on them, we decided to hold a referendum on this issue, to invite our population of the country to make such an important choice about resolving the issue regarding extending the terms here is the tenure of one person as head of

state of the republic of belarus. so, as you know, this decision received support, the majority of the population decided that it was possible to run alone person for more than two terms. the constitution did not need any other amendments; those provisions that were included in the fundamental law in ninety-six, even years later, met the requirements and challenges of the time. this was confirmed by constitutional control and the belarusian people, who always reacted sensitively to the roughness of the times. this version of the basic law went to... on the table of everyone involved in lawmaking, a special copy in the office of the head of state, in the printing house this book will be called constitution number one, non-standard format thick paper on which five paints were applied with the addition of bronze. there were a lot of variations, this had to be foreseen, because in printing there is embossing, that is, also in relief and in gold,

but it was. it was chosen so that our coat of arms looked absolutely natural, at that time there were no technologies for transferring color images onto non-absorbent, so to speak, leather materials, an embroidery machine was specially purchased, the leather was even selected, not just smooth leather was used, like a laptop with such a slight varsity effect, it reflects our entire path, character, national principles and interests, what we remained faithful to, we decided on the threshold that we ourselves will determine foreign and domestic policy, defend our own if necessary integrity and independence and adhere to democratic principles, where a person remains the highest value of society, the state, this is a monolith that made it possible to survive even in those years when there was quite a storm, something that from... more than once will

test for strength, the head of state openly warned more than once, long before the coup attempt he aimed at our common home, the foundation alone is not enough, it’s time to strengthen the walls, let’s try to approach this issue from different angles, carefully, so as not to make things worse, glad of the countries, who together gained independence have already changed the constitution several times and so on and so forth, but that’s not the point,

economic reality has appeared, in 2016 they didn’t yet know that the document would require changes, which can not only provide development, but protection. foresight or a clear forecast, but 2020 confirmed what the president has said more than once. a country that puts national interests above everything else and does not...

yes, exactly the same one that our closest southern neighbors managed to pull off, a springboard for nato troops to develop the skills of militants, production and the city, which was built with such difficulty, is just a target. in this situation, belarus simply had to protect itself from external interference, as to finding a solution the whole country got involved. dialogue platforms and public receptions, ordinary belarusians voiced their opinions, argued and... came to a common conclusion. later, it was counted that more than 45 participated in the discussions. these were representatives of public organizations of political parties, the business community, student and working youth. over the months, thousands of proposals were collected. we must not give in to pressure from the uni. we see that today certain forces, inspired including by western intelligence services, are starting such a policy of

discredit. our referendum. the state still remains socially oriented, this is our brand. the most important thing is the amendment on the preservation of historical memory. why? because if we don't know our past, there is. we don't save it, we can't build a future. the changes that concern the family institution, the preservation of family values, and the preservation of the traditions of the belarusian people are very important. this public marathon showed how people care about the fate of their country; we are not ready to trust it to political to appointees, as in the baltic states, and even more so to cooks. the future was to be written to the belarusian people; everything that was said had to be translated into legal channels. a commission was created. included in its composition professionals from various industries with extensive life experience, i remember the words of the president, i now remember when he gathered us all for the first time, said: i will not interfere in your work at all, i ask you only one thing: when you will

make this or that decision, you remember that your children and live for your grandchildren, then accept it. first of all, collective work built a clear system of state power, providing a system. costs and balances, having insured the country from rash, behind-the-scenes , lobbying decisions of random people in politics , the all-belarusian people's assembly will have to keep the balance ; for the first time, the people's body was given constitutional status and a specific term of office of 5 years, thereby strengthening the original model of the belarusian people of power. it was not the first time that all members of the commission signed the final document. by the way, for the all-belarusian people's assembly too. there were a lot of questions, the moment was very delicate, here it was necessary to establish a very strict balance so that the supreme national assembly did not replace other government bodies, we had a lot of disputes about who would be the delegates of the supreme national assembly, we argued for a long time about the number of people, we wanted it to be body, truly an all-belarusian

people's assembly, a people's body that reflected the interests and requests of all residents of our country, we have limited the terms of the president's stay in power, two terms, according to constitution now, and we understand, after some time... to declare at the constitutional level, but time dictates such amendments: we have ruled out military aggression against other states, thus protecting ourselves from rash actions. the same applies to the use of the atom, in our country it is only peaceful, while we

do not exclude the right to defend one’s state, so as not to go astray , the preservation of historical memory and traditional family values, as well as the concept of marriage as a union of a man and a woman, are enshrined in the constitution, and not from...

it is clearly stated that citizens of the republic of belarus should take care of their health, this year we saw that with regard to the despecialization of the population, the forms were specifically defined, how this will take place, in what format this procedure will be carried out, it is also important to note that as a duty, as a duty of our society, the preservation of the historical memory of the feat of the belarusian people during the great patriotic war has been introduced, naturally, this is also an extremely important point and... the state is already taking a number of steps in in this direction, and society is actively involved, and of course it is important to note that the state separately emphasizes the role of each person in building on our lives, namely participation in some social issues, some processes in the economy,

so that every person, citizen is involved in order to make his contribution. at the same time, the constitution guarantees the protection of the health of citizens, adhering to the principles of free, accessible, and high-quality. and the time has come for us to understand that the basic law is not a set of benefits, it is a series of guarantees that is provided by the state, and increasing personal responsibility is just another step towards a model of state interaction.