traces of their crimes. a special sd team, using prisoners from the minsk prison, dug up and burned the corpses of executed residents. in november-december 1943 alone there were 100,000 of them. but history has preserved the testimony of survivors of that terrible tragedy.

how can the belarusian people forget this, understand, forgive, we remember all our regiments, murderers from the ss security detachments and assault detachments. "sa, security police and sd security service, secret field police, gendarmerie, wehrmacht armed forces, fiends from the special ss battalion, derlewanger, which destroyed almost 200 belarusian villages, killed more than 120,000 people. we remember the atrocities of the 118th police

guard battalion formed from ukrainian nationalists, the nationalist formations of the upa, melnikov and bandera, the nazis of the latvian ss legion, the second lithuanian auxiliary nationalist police battalion.

belarus remembers all the inhabitants of burned belarusian villages. today , more than 10 thousand of them are known. remembers all those tortured in concentration camps, who, taking into account preliminary results of the criminal investigation. we remember those who became prisoners of the ghetto, suffering martyrdom, who did not return from german slavery, we remember all the belarusian children who were tortured alive and burned alive. decades later, belarus. i couldn't heal my

wounds. and today more and more burial sites of genocide victims are being opened. we have a huge number of projects, there are so-called russian houses, they are called that by the people, formally they are all

beautifully called the russian center for science and culture, the most important one is naturally located in minsk, they are all a kind of point of attraction for people who come there for... different clubs, different seminars, different conferences, film screenings, concerts, exhibitions and so on, a huge number of all sorts of, as they say now, activities, activities, well, this is only what is done in russian homes themselves, besides this there are a large number of different programs that are launched from moscow, from the central office of rossotrudnichestvo, exchange programs, internships, trips of young specialists to russia, educational programs, a lot of everything, there are obvious dates for us related to victory day, may 9, of course, a holy day, various events are dedicated to this, such as a candle of memory, a garden of memory, a victory dictation, a huge number of different events, we participate, by the way, in conducting the training of immortal

regiments with great respect, so to speak, it is a great honor for us, besides this there are interesting stories, for example, the forum of regions that took place in belarus. we also participated in its preparation in the organization, there are educational programs, there is a recruitment students from belarus to russian universities, there are several important considerations here, it is very important for us that these are not just friendship visits, which is obvious, there should be friendship visits, of course, people should be happy with each other, but the plan of events that we are drawing up between a russian partner and a belarusian partner, the exchange of some knowledge, technologies in the field...

russian children who choose foreign universities, russian universities are a priority, and what bonuses are provided for our compatriots and what specialties are most often choose everything? we have several programs under which belarusian children go to study at russian universities, this is simply

direct commercial admission there, they signed a contract, went to study, there is an olympiad movement, there is an opportunity to enroll through the state belarusian exam. just from the russian federation, 1300 people, almost 200 with some additional, and there is that very quota that was mentioned, this government we had applicants, well, a good competition. these are mainly medical specialties, there are medical ones up to dentistry, there are engineering ones, this is of interest to the guys from belarus and i repeat once again, this is a two-way road , now belarus is making it easier for russian students to enroll in belarusian universities, as far as i read a few days ago based on the results.

the size of tayamnits can be adshukatsya in braslauschyna. here you will find enchanting lakes with an unusual quality, called “god’s water”. the name of the lake was inspired by the dzyakuyuchy abras, which reminds us of the waters. vozera is in the shape of a regular circle, which does not change for many hours. yes unfortunately, there are so many people on the right who are in trouble, and the size of such charming lusteraks is here. one of the key places

today is occupied by microelectronics for the simple reason that it surrounds us everywhere, including household appliances, gadgets, production equipment, medical equipment, computer technology, and the it sphere. microelectronics is the engine of progress in all areas. my name is maxim maksimovich, i am deputy general director for development and training produced by the open joint stock company integral. management company of integral holding, the motto of our company is high technologies for a better life.

the working day begins at 8 am, taking into account the fact that the enterprise works around the clock, the first thing i receive is information about how the equipment worked and all the preparation for production during the night period, based on the results of this information, any actions are taken, if necessary, i supervise the development of production itself, structural the division that is subordinate to me is the department of the chief power engineer, the department of the chief mechanic,

and where do you get the components for these boards, so, probably, it would be necessary to dispel this opinion, in fact, we do not produce boards, but we -we produce those components that are subsequently installed on boards by manufacturers of some equipment or household appliances or devices, respectively, our main product is integrated circuits, such as the ratings that we produce are about 2,500, that is, this is a very wide range of what an integrated circuit is, in fact, in a nutshell, it is a device that processes

signals or stores them. each microcircuit has its own functionality, some characteristics; naturally, we produce it to meet the needs of a specific consumer who sets these characteristics. the production of the integral itself is a technology that has been mastered on it, it is not only an energy-intensive product, it is also...

accordingly, we get from it technical specifications, which indicate the parameters, this is the current, this is the voltage, this is the power of this microcircuit, based on these requirements formed by the customer, taking into account the design rules and the software and hardware that are on the integrated circuit, the developer creates the topology of the microcircuits, and then design documentation, and this is the result of the developer’s work. already arrives at the technological service, the technological service forms the manufacturing route itself, the sequence of all technological operations, all this in ultimately, it generates technological documentation, and the technological documentation is sent to production. i work as the chief designer of

department a, and am currently working on an electrical circuit. port expander circuit with spi interface, this chip will be used in household appliances, in special devices to expand the capabilities of microcontrollers. the development of electrical topology diagrams will take approximately a month and a half. development time generally depends on the complexity of the chip. the production itself the integrated circuit begins with the production of silicon. flint is essentially quartz sand. we do not produce silicon ourselves; it is purchased from the russian federation and the people's republic of china. why use silicon? because, on the one hand, it is an inexpensive material, and at the same time its physicochemical properties are good,

making it possible to subsequently produce quite reliable and multifunctional ones. devices, plus it is easy to process, it comes to the silicon integral in this form, this is a silicon ingot with a diameter of 100 mm, we have three production lines, one production line for a diameter of 100 mm, a second for a diameter of 150 and a third for 200 mm, subsequently this silicon at our branch in the city of pinsk is cut into wafers, a special layer is formed on the surface of this wafer and...

this is a photolithography section, specifically in this area, the pattern from the photomask is transferred to the plate itself, as we see, there is a yellow light in the corridor, all this...

isolate relative to the plate, or if necessary, formed track elements along which they subsequently pass signals, that is, these are already metallized parts, depending on the complexity of the microcircuit itself, the number of these layers can be from two to 40. the most complex microcircuit, which is produced on an integrated circuit, contains... layers, all these 33 layers are elements that make up the microcircuit itself, defects, in order to remove these defects, we

are now in the corridor where the chemical and diffusion section is, and with the help of chemical treatment the plate is cleaned of various kinds of impurities, and subsequently enters the section thermal diffusion, diffusion itself is needed in order to obtain a dialectical... layer that isolates the elements that make up the microcircuit from each other. the production process uses a large number of different chemicals, including gases. all gases are supplied through pipelines: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. it should be noted that the issue is not only about supplying just gas, but the gas must be purified from all kinds of impurities. some of the gases are main gases, that is, they come here directly from a certain station. some of the gases come in cylinders, why is it all in a closed design, these gases are harmful to both the environment and humans, accordingly, the cabinets themselves in

which the cylinder is located are equipped with all kinds of safety devices, if depressurization suddenly occurs, the automation blocks the supply the gas itself into the technological process, including entering this gas technological process, before being released into the atmosphere it passes... good morning belarus with svetlana borovskaya, this is a fascinating introduction to unusual people, my name is olga, i am the owner of this institution,

a cultural institution, a house of crafts, i thought there was no one here, once a week, who would come, hello, there is a little, zhen, that’s the most important question, how did you choose, here you sit you are on the sofa and thinking what kind of business this would be to start. good mood, let's drive our bus and kick it, come on, dear belarus, how beautiful it is, oh girls, leave me a couple of buns to put, give me a couple of buns myself, myself, and many more interesting educational stories, conventional...

to create conduction bands between elements in the structure of the microcircuit, it is necessary to introduce impurities. in this situation, we are at the ion doping site, where premixes are introduced into the structure, premixes such as boron, turmeric, and... to create physical connections between the elements that are part of the structure of the microcircuit, they perform a sputtering operation as a conductor we use aluminum,

all this happens in cluster- type installations, the final product of crystal production is the microcircuit itself, the number of microcircuits, depending on the product , is large on one plate , from 1.00 to 10,000 pieces. where each microcircuit represents something independent of each other, and it is also called a chip. this is where crystal production ends, and then the plate goes to assembly production. a microcircuit is formed on the wafer; in order to package it, it is necessary to separate the crystals from each other; for this , a scribing operation is performed, that is, cutting the wafer. on crystals. if if the product is shipped to the consumer in

an unframed version, then the plate itself. do not undergo the scribing operation and , accordingly, all subsequent ones as well. after the scribing operation, the cut wafer into chips undergoes the next operation, this is the operation of mounting the crystal into the package. the next operation is the operation of connecting the contact pad of the microcircuit itself, so we see it directly with the output of the housing itself. we use it for connection. after performing the operation of connecting the contact pads of the crystal with the terminals of the housing perform the following operation - this is the sealing operation. the sealing operation is necessary in order to protect the crystal from external influences. after the sealing operation is completed , the products are sent to measurement testing,

where they pass. control testing, goes through the labeling stage and is ultimately packaged before shipment to the end consumer. at each technological operation, technologists have defined their own quality control methodology; accordingly, there are measuring devices, there is measuring equipment, where, using various kinds of programs or simulations, you can evaluate the functional performance of a microcircuit, whether it is good or bad, then comes control after the manufacture of the microcircuit itself, and then comes control testing the microcircuit when it is mounted in the case. the next moment we are in the state center bel microanalysis llc integral. our division is engaged in analytical studies of products manufactured by integrals. also takes.

process control manufacturing products that go at each stage of its production, well, plus here we , of course, are studying products at the final stage, since we have very modern scientific equipment, the state also helps us with this under the program for developing the material and technical base of scientific organizations, we purchased quite expensive, good equipment and... precisely high-precision, high-quality, technologically advanced, of which many of our copies are available in belarus, in a single copy. therefore, here we also conduct scientific research, both through the efforts of the integral itself, and also involving academic institutions, educational institutions and other, say, scientific organizations. the amount of time it takes to manufacture a microcircuit also depends on the complexity of the microcircuit and can range from...

from 15 to 60 calendar days, in terms of development, testing, development in mass production, and to bring this microcircuit to the level of shipment to the consumer can take from two to 3 years, what is unique about the integral if we are talking about our minsk site, it's complete.

these are thermometers, these are medical beds, these are blood pressure meters, this is a ventilator. the range of these products will be expanded in the future. oa integral is also engaged in the production of electronic watches and information display devices. which we can see in public transport, respectively, the scope of application of integrated circuits that integral produces, it widely covers mechanical engineering, medical products, space, integral parts space exploration began in 1981, at that time the ussr launched the buran spacecraft into orbit...