accuracy, and secondly, the assortment has changed radically. we started with classic types of cheeses, it was creamy, sour cream, the same dutch one that we are now producing, we also added those that are produced already aged, uh, which replace imports with many european cheeses on the shelves of our retail chains. this beauty all appeared in 2012, before that... there was nothing here, today it is a complete milk processing cycle, i missed it all, i saw how everything developed, how it was built, installed, put into operation, how the first products were produced, today we can proudly say that the cheeses produced in the republic of belarus are no worse than the same italian, french or swiss cheeses, we can be proud that these are our cheeses , which are made by technologists,

we, as cheesemakers, understand even from afar , having gone into the chamber where what kind of cheese we have been in for 10 years...

robots at the factory, business as usual, they are everywhere here, the burial place before packaging, all the work is automated, what used to be had to to do this manually with each heaviest wheel of cheese is now done by smart machines. the changes have taken place very big, initially the enterprise was aimed at producing different types of dairy products, but when we looked at the business.

we are with you today. cheeses are a gold and foreign currency reserve that allows you to earn money and develop, and invest in further development. this is our premium cheese, we mainly produce 60% mazda cheese, it is a very unusual cheese, requires a lot of care, very strong technological support. accordingly, high-tech equipment was purchased and the latex application process is applied automatically. the first batch of cheese was made purely by hand. it was a very labor-intensive process, a difficult process, because for the operator to turn the cheese over, processing it takes a lot of time and a lot of labor, especially today our production is absolutely fundamentally different from the european approach, because all soviet-made technologies are basically really bulk cheeses, we have today, almost the entire range of the most elite cheeses, let’s say, and we are still looking for new types of cheeses that our customers will like, we produce flavored cheese... the population is the highest among

the countries of the post-soviet space, we produce 27 kg per person per year, despite the fact that we consume four times less, we have 80% for export, unique cheeses such as raclette and mont blanc, hard, super-hard cheeses are produced, of course, by kobrin factories, it is necessary to note the uniqueness of cheeses with noble blue mold, which produced on purpose, production began its development. in 2006, and no one then believed in the development of this segment of cultural cheeses, we did not have consumption of blue cheese yet, now we are aimed at increasing capacity specifically for this category of cheese and producing new cheesecakes with noble white mold of the comanbert type in the soft cheese segment we have several manufacturers, the main large one is, of course, turov and no less large is the minsk region - in the field of soft...

this is a developed agriculture, the entire dairy industry, you see, we can do everything, but sometimes we don’t have enough tasty, tasty, yes, sometimes it seems that some task is, well, impossible, but you just have to break it down step by step, define it, the most important thing is that everything

will definitely work out, cheese is cheese, you treat him like a child, if i see that my son is doing so well, i just live.

from the soviet election to pero on june 24, 1944, the first belarusian front begins an offensive on bobruisk by june 27. forty thousandth the german group was taken into the bobruisk cauldron and a day later was completely destroyed. in the vitebsk direction, our troops liberated more than 200 settlements, including dolny niva, plisa, and luchesa. during the second day

of operation bagration in belarus , over 400 settlements were liberated. it remained until the complete liberation of belarus. 34 days. microelectronics occupies one of the key places today for the simple reason that it surrounds us everywhere. these include household appliances, gadgets, production equipment and medical technology and computer technology and the it sphere. it is in demand today, but one way or another, any program can only be implemented on software hardware on which the microelectronics itself is based. microelectronics is the engine of progress in all areas. my

name is maxim maksimovich, i am deputy general director for development and production preparation. open joint stock company integral, management company of integral holding, the motto of our company is high technologies for better life. the working day begins at 8 am, given that the company operates around the clock, the first information i receive is information about how it worked. issues

of development of the production itself, the structural unit that is subordinate to me is the department of the chief power engineer, the department of the chief mechanic, the investment department for the purchase of equipment, the production preparation department, the department of capital construction design , one of our branches of integral transservice.

each microcircuit has its own functionality, some characteristics; naturally, we produce it to meet the needs of a specific consumer who sets these characteristics. the production of the integral itself, the technologies that have been mastered on it, is not only an energy-intensive product, it is also a cost-intensive product, technologically complex, complex in some way, this includes physics, chemistry, optics, that is, this is all... that in principle there is in the world, there are certain

design rules, all our designers know these rules, but design now does not take place on a drawing board, as it was in soviet times, with the help of software, these are supercomputers that allow, with relative knowledge of the design rules, to assemble a set of these elements. as a result of which we get an already manufactured microcircuit, as our designers we receive from him a technical specification in which the parameters are indicated, this is the current, this is the voltage, this is the power of this microcircuit, based on these requirements formed by the customer, taking into account the design rules and of those software and hardware that are on the integrated, the developer forms the topology of the microcircuits, and then the design documentation, this is the result of the developer’s work, goes to the technological service, the technological service forms

the manufacturing route itself, the sequence of all technological operations, all this ultimately generates technological documentation, technological documentation is sent to production, i work as the chief designer of department a, currently working at... circuit diagram of an electrical microcircuit for a port expander with an spi interface; this microcircuit will be used in household appliances and in special devices to expand the capabilities of microcontrollers. the development of electrical topology diagrams will take approximately a month and a half. development time generally depends on the complexity of the chip. the production itself, integrated circuits,

begins with the production of the kremlin. flint is essentially quartz sand. we do not produce silicon ourselves; it is purchased from the russian federation and the people's republic of china. why use silicon? because, on the one hand, it is an inexpensive material, but its physical and chemical properties are good and allow it to be manufactured. in general, it is a fairly reliable and multifunctional device, plus it is easy to process, it comes to the integral . silicon is in this form, it is fused silicon with a diameter of 100 mm, we have three production lines: one production line for a diameter of 100 mm, a second for a diameter of 150 and a third by 200 mm. subsequently, this silicon is cut into wafers at our branch in pinsk, on the surface of this a special layer is formed on the plate, and in this layer

the structure of the microcircuit is subsequently formed through various technological operations. developers , when developing a microcircuit from: initially provide for the number of different types of elements inside the microcircuit, provide during development a method for connecting these elements to each other, a method for isolating these elements relative to the plate, so that there is no short circuit. the main technological process in the process of forming a microcircuit is the lithography process. how it happens lithography process. this means that the overplates place a photomask on which. formed by the developers of the chip topology, we are at the crystal production, this is the photolithography section, specifically in this section the pattern is transferred from the photomask to the wafer itself, as we see, there is a yellow light in the corridor, all this is done so as not to lose its properties photoresist, which

is applied to the surface of the plate before forming a pattern there, is... a material that changes its properties under the influence of light, a certain wave. subsequently, there are illuminated areas and unexposed areas on the plate, this is how tracks are built, which are subsequently removed from this plate into these tracks and thin films are applied, which are either dielectric films, if necessary , formed elements. isolate relative to the plate or tracks along which signals subsequently pass, that is, these are already metallized parts. depending on the complexity of the microcircuit itself, the number of these layers can be from two to magpie. the most complex microcircuit produced on an integrated circuit contains 33 layers. all these 33 layers are the elements

that make up the microcircuit itself. the technological process of manufacturing microcircuits is long and complex, during the movement of the wafer along the route, the wafer itself accumulates all sorts of defects in order to remove these defects, we are now in the corridor where there is a section of chemistry and diffusion, and so with the help of chemical treatment the wafer is cleaned of various type of impurity, subsequently enters the site thermal diffusion itself...

here from the station, and a certain part of the gases comes in cylinders, why is it all in a closed design, these gases are harmful to both the environment and humans, accordingly, the cabinets themselves in which the cylinder is located are equipped all kinds of safety devices, if depressurization suddenly occurs, the automation blocks the supply of gas itself to the technological process, including the entry of this gas into the technological process. before it is released into the atmosphere, it undergoes a special purification installation at the outlet. what comes out is simply air that has been purified of all harmful impurities.

to create conduction bands between elements in the microcircuit structure, it is necessary to introduce impurities. in this situation, we are at the ion doping site, where premixes are introduced into the structure, premixes such as boron, turmeric and arsenic. to create physical connections between the elements that make up the composition. the structure of the microcircuit performs a sputtering operation, we use aluminum as a conductor, all this happens when installing a cluster type, the final product:

a microcircuit is formed, in order to package it, it is necessary to separate the crystals from each other, for this a scribing operation is performed, that is, cutting the plate into crystals. if the product is shipped to the consumer in an open-frame design, then the plate itself does not undergo the scribing operation and , accordingly, all subsequent ones as well. after the scribing operation, the cut wafer into chips undergoes the next operation, this is the operation of mounting the crystal into the package. and the next operation is the operation

by connecting the contact pad of the microcircuit itself, here we see it, directly with the output of the housing itself. aluminum or copper wire is used for connection. after completing the operation of connecting the contact pads of the crystal with the terminals of the package, the next operation is performed - this is the sealing operation. the sealing operation is necessary in order to protect the crystal from external influences. after the sealing operation is completed , the products are sent to measurement testing, where they undergo control testing, goes through the labeling stage and ultimately arrives.

today, our medical products are as follows: these are thermometers, these are medical beds, these are blood pressure meters, this is a device for artificial blood pressure.

will subsequently expand, also ojsc lungs, the range of these products in integral is engaged in the production of electronic watches, information display devices that we can see in public transport, respectively, the scope of application of integrated circuits that integral produces, it covers a wide range of mechanical engineering, and medical products and space, the fate of the integral in space exploration began. 981, at that time the ussr launched the buran spacecraft into orbit, and certain electronic components included integral products. in 2005, the belarusian belka satellite also contained certain products manufactured by integral. in 2018 there was integrals.

a large integrated circuit has been developed, which is used in remote sensing of the earth in satellites. jsc integral has an industry laboratory new technologies and materials, it was created in 2018,

the heart of the integrated circuit and during assembly are installed in the housing. the history of the integral begins in 1961, it was then that the decision was made to build a plant, which in the future will be engaged in the production of microelectronics products. the first products were produced in 1963. just last year, in december

'23. integral celebrated its sixtieth anniversary. in 2013, it was decided to register integral holding. today the composition of the holding next: this is a management company located in minsk. this is the management company integral, it consists of branches. branch of the semiconductor device plant, branch of transistor and branch of belmicrostem. this is oavo electric module in the city of molodechno, this is tiytatron llc in the city of brest, this is coral llc in the city of gomel. and this is a printing house, which is also located in minsk, all exports, if divided into components, consist of the russian federation and the countries of southeast asia, about 90% of the products go to the russian federation, the remaining 10 are divided or included in such consumer countries as china, south korea, taiwan, india.

our crystal production is measured in wafer production capacity for each of the wafer diameters, the following is about 42 wafers per month - this is a diameter of 100, about 3850 wafers per month is a production line with a diameter of 150 mm, and 1.00 wafers per month is a production line of 200 mm, if we are talking about packaging our devices. ultimately, the total is about 800,000 devices per month, the holding currently employs a little more than 6,000 people, the management company integral itself, which is located in the city of minsk, employs about 5,500 people. the company is, of course, interested in new employees. we work primarily with these four. educational

institutions such as the belarusian state university of informatics and radioelectronics, the belarusian state university, the national technical university and the gomel state university named after francis skaryna. these ones four educational institutions are essentially the institutions that supply us with personnel. first of all, these are design engineers, process engineers, including our future developers. if we are talking about working personnel, these are operators, adjusters, then this is an educational institution that is located in minsk, the state college of electronics today. long-term contracts have been concluded with these educational institutions, under which the educational institution prepares specially targeted training for integral, starting from the junior year, students undergo practical training on the next day has

a sixty-year history, and if we say and do not hesitate to say this word with our consumers, the first thing they say about integral is quality, high quality... we work in a place that to this day it remains for them. i’ve probably gone through all the steps, starting from foreman, site manager, and ultimately, at the moment, i’m deputy general director for development and production preparation.

overall i really like the job, i like it the drive that is present in it is not a moment of peace, that is, work for me is not only a conditionally second home, yes, but it is... a way of self-development, self-realization and receiving moral satisfaction from my work. probably, today it is impossible to imagine life without microelectronics, for the simple reason that the inhabitants of the globe are so accustomed to the conveniences that exist, uh, to the speed of movement between countries and to communication using mobile phones, that life... imagine even impossible, i'm honest speaking to myself, i can’t even imagine it like it is now, if microelectronics suddenly disappeared.