mood good morning belarus on the air of the satellite tv channel belarus 24 program good morning belarus in the studio with you svetlana barovskaya and the family is big, there are three children and three children, they managed to do everything, how she is so small for this world gave birth to three children for you, an unforgettable acquaintance with passionate people, i love you . hello girls and real stanislavna, you are the main one in this team and there is a sea of ​​​​ideas and valuable tips for spending time usefully; it is true that if there are junipers, then pears cannot grow. juniper is an intermediate host, plum is a crop that will not just grow on its own, unlike an apple tree. good morning belarus with svetlana.

the milk mass was taken outside, and in the morning they were spooned into plates. the soviet leo doctor zilber invented an effective cure for vitamin deficiency based on moss and yeast. watch the science nearby project on our tv channel.

this is belarus main on the air of the belros tv channel, in the studio pavel lazovik, hello! the largest integration event is the 11th forum of regions in belarus and russia. forum of regions one of the most successful and productive projects of the union state. the package of agreements reached during the forum includes about 250 agreements and commercial contracts totaling 24 billion rubles. the leaders of belarus and russia also gave high marks to interregional cooperation. for the first time, three addresses at once, vitebsk became the center of gravity of union integration.

modern and modernized examples of equipment and aerobatics with the participation of russian knights and swifts. and the fact that the armed forces of close fraternal us states, this gives us from the regions of russia on stage in minsk. the purpose of our visit. this is, together with our belarusian friends, together with belarus, to share pride in the solemn date of the eightieth anniversary of the liberation from the nazi invaders, about the beauty of the unique nature, folk customs and original legends of the komi republic in the language

of music. and let's start with the main event of a union scale. eleventh forum of regions of belarus and russia. new contracts, agreements and format for the first time immediately in three cities. vitebsk, polotsk and novopolotsk became centers of attraction for union integration. the leaders of belarus and russia, alexander lukashenko and vladimir putin, also praised interregional cooperation. today, despite external pressure, belarus and russia are confidently moving forward, developing union integration, and strengthening it. humanitarian connections. i believe that the forum of regions is one of the most successful and productive projects of the union state. it has become a unique dialogue platform, acquired its own special, unique style and continues

grow with bold, ambitious initiatives. we built a belarusian nuclear power plant and launched the production of multifunctional unmanned aircraft. complexes, we have developed a system for remote sensing of the earth to prevent emergency situations, design and construction of roads, nature conservation, together we are exploring space, planning to produce the most modern aircraft. belarus is one of russia’s key economic partners, in turn, about 60% of belarusian foreign trade transactions come from our country. last year, trade turnover increased by more than 5% to a record $46.5 billion, and the engine of countertrade is precisely the regions, enterprises, wholesale suppliers, logistics centers located in

various parts of both our countries. in terms of accumulated investments in the belarusian economy, russia firmly holds first place, over $5 billion. the forum once again proved mutual interest in the union state in everything from light industry of the agro-industrial complex to healthcare, business, security and tourism. the most important thing is that the forum is not just a dialogue platform, but a place where people come with specific proposals and projects. this is the real content of integration. there is a large program report on the key events of the forum. the birthplace of chagall and the slavic bazaar, vitebsk. famous far beyond the borders of belarus, this year the city has an anniversary (1050 years), in the year of its birth it has a new status as the capital of the eleventh forum of regions. the city does n’t often see exhibitions of this format; they even had to close the central techno open air square. motorcycles, combines,

tractors, dump trucks, almost 100 different cars, originally from belarus and russia, there were some auto premieres. we are simply shocked, i am very impressed, i like the height of the boom, the fire truck ladder, you definitely can’t pass by one, up 52 m, mesmerizing, in real conditions this is a saving height, thanks to the fact that there is an elevator, you can quickly work on fires at sixteen and seventeen-story buildings. this technique is in great demand in the russian federation, because there is very little in the post-soviet space. manufacturers who make fire fighting equipment, what lifting height. smart elevator, another new product, an urban-style cabin, but the main thing is hidden inside. contactless control system, works through the application, you only need to go through

identification. control recognized me as one of their people, it lights up green, the door opened, the entrance door, then we went into the elevator, it took us down straight to the first floor, then if the person is weakened. smartlifts are already in use in residential buildings in minsk, st. petersburg and rostov, the chairman was interested in the price-quality ratio federation council of russia, valentina matvienko. together with their belarusian colleague, chairman of the council of the republic of belarus natalya kachanova, they toured the exhibition of achievements, they are more expensive than russian and european ones, the best at the forum represented all regions of belarus and 50. russia, from innovation to modern painting , the speaker of the upper houses of parliament was

interested in everything, they studied the union , click on this button to start, don’t be afraid and, for example, you were interested in the production of threads that are used in military fabrics destination, which plant produces it, we produce polyomide ourselves in our own city , we also take raw materials for... mpz, so, and other components, everything else is ours, inside azotov, that is, 100%, there is import substitution, there is no way without import substitution today, everyone understands this and consolidates to the maximum. health is a topic close to everyone. doctors are doing everything to improve the quality of life, for example, a new method for diagnosing and treating children with congenital spinal defects, the result of a union program. spinal systems help reduce the risk of disability and shorten treatment time. here is one of the options for those

metal structures that were developed by our scientists, belarusian and russian. as a result of this program, we have achieved complete import substitution. more than 100 children have already been operated on using these metal structures. among the tasks of allied health care is co-production. we discussed nuclear medicine. management, where both countries have experience, as well as cooperation between pharmaceutical enterprises, especially since the common market allows registering the drug for two countries at once. the year before last, regulations were adopted to ensure accelerated registration of innovative breakthrough medicines. accordingly, this procedure is also available to belarusian manufacturers. our pharmacy is actively registering new drugs in belarus. belarusian manufacturers are also extremely actively working on the process of entering our market. i would note a few more points here, this is a very positive experience of

full-cycle localization on belparat. union the state is becoming a major player in the global scientific and innovation system, and new allied programs are entering orbit. in 208, we are planning to launch a new promising russian-belarusian spacecraft, here is its layout, the spatial resolution when shooting will be significantly improved, plus there will be the possibility of video shooting, stereo shooting, that is , the possibility of shooting from...

what is expected from events of this level - this is an indicator efficiency: the forum brought contracts worth more than 2 billion russian rubles regions, bellik industry, in addition to direct supplies, which is 71 regions of russia, is developing a network of multi-brand stores, two of which operate in yekaterinburg and novosibirsk, eight more are planned to open in cities with a population of over a million. we work very closely in industrial cooperation, with many enterprises, micro-businesses, and small businesses. recently, this is a very similar trend for the development of design business. a lot of attention is paid. and by the way, at the level of the federation council too. as

for new agreements and contracts, they provide for the supply of equipment, fabrics, and knitwear. and polyester threads. we export more than 100 million rubles to russia alone. and the range is wide, all enterprises and industries that use polyester fiber yarns, right up to the urals. if earlier the mogilev enterprise was practically the only one in the post-soviet space, now the niche is occupied by competitors from third countries, they are incredibly active, this also applies to other goods. protecting what we do ourselves is a task that needs to be solved quickly. now the government of the russian federation, the government of the republic of belarus.

simple human daily needs, such as the use of bed linen, table linens, table textiles and so on and so forth. for belarus, there is no region closer to smolensk; already in july, the regional center will have a direct railway connection with vitebsk and orsha. we have close and neighborly relations, every fourth family has relatives in belarus, and economic ones, the region is among the top five belarusian partners in terms of volume trade turnover at the end of 2023, the volume of goods.

it was said in vitebsk that the range of smolensk goods will be expanded in belarusian hypermarkets, a logistics complex for a distributor of belarusian food products may appear in the region itself, a plan for its construction will soon be put into operation. direct contacts are something that was constantly discussed at the forum; here is a clear example of the economy in action. i really, really liked it, i recommend it, honestly, the results, girls, a day or two, and it seems like you’re getting younger, honestly, i liked it, so they said it would be like this, it worked that way. cosmetics. and precious stones, it is difficult for many women to resist them, in russia there are only two enterprises that grow diamonds, one in the pskov region, the temperature is 1500° and 70,000 atmospheres, in such conditions they create laboratory stones, it turns out a million years faster, in such a small cell, right here it lies, and in growth, it grows in 10 days

about 35 carats, the range of applications is very wide, the largest is, of course , microelectronics, today, which is very... actively developing with our our colleagues from belarus are engaged in research for microelectronics. as a result of the forum, belarus and the pskov region have plus four agreements between municipalities, as well as with the bresse and gomel regions. this is a new experience for us, because of course we mainly worked with the federal center of the republic and with our neighboring vitebsk region, but we also discussed brest and gomel in advance; there are a number of promising areas. concerns almost all industries, a new record for the forum of regions for the first time the centers of negotiations became three cities, including polotsk and novopolotsk, and while the distinguished guests were negotiating contracts, residents simply rejoiced at the holiday. the russians are our beloved brothers, with whom we should be together,

always together, so the forum is magnificent, such a holiday, today we walk for half a day. our city has been transformed, it began to look more beautiful, with such a positive mood today, while walking, we greeted our neighbors, russians, where on holidays without gifts, motherland in miniature, now a resident of vitebsk, greetings from volgograd, for belarus it is the leading partner in the top six in terms of trade volume, there are many projects, a year ago 13 agreements were signed, all of them are being implemented, now new proposals have been brought to belarusians, sidewalk. tiles and recycled tires are a new direction in the environmental component, which even today we see is not so developed in belarus, but the volgograd region is already offering... to get acquainted with the technology and get the final product. the forum of regions is a clear demonstration of the strength and power of the union

state, and despite the pressure on this week the eu introduced a new package of sanctions, it looks confidently into the future. if only they would use these forces to unite so that regional security would be more stable, so that we could improve the regional economy and macroeconomics. supported in the system of those relations that characterized such a structure even 7-10 years ago, then, probably, everyone would have won, now the european union is losing first of all, reducing the potential of its economy, let the west think about it, because from a historical perspective, sanctions are a passing thing, but global positioning of russia and belarus, development within the framework of our joint own... agreements appear within the framework of education,

culture, science, and this is the basis for friendly ties, cultural ties appear, further active cooperation of joint projects in all areas. more than 250 agreements, contracts worth 24 billion russian rubles. this is from statistics, but the forum is not only numbers, although this is important, the main thing is that we... the more successfully the ties between regions and people develop, the stronger our union will be. of course, the forum is for over the years, it has acquired the status of an annual productive dialogue platform, because in the treasury there are hundreds of contract agreements,

belarus and russia were hosted by minsk and the minsk region, moscow, mogilev, st. petersburg, grodno, and finally, ufa. and, by the way, the previous tenth forum of the capital of bashkartostan updated its absolute records, because a year ago more than 100 cooperation agreements were signed and contracts worth 110 billion russian rubles were concluded. but what else is important and this is noted by experts. the forum of regions is not only the most important platform for signing contracts and demonstrations. industrial potential, but a way to strengthen our cultural and spiritual ties, we bring together the regions of russia and belarus so that the regions establish their

economic, cultural, business ties, so that not only representatives of industry, science, social footprints know each other better, but also leaders of our regions. the smolensk region is ready to host ours in 1927.

through joint efforts, both parliamentarians and other representatives of government bodies. in on air, the main thing for belarus is a coordinated position on the external contour and the similarity of views of minsk and...

everything that we have planned together on the belarusian side, the issues will be resolved without delay without any stop. the foreign policy component of the union between belarus and russia is growing in the world, it will have more and more practical significance in the future, all the work of minsk and moscow in the international arena will be aimed at the most effective union building, and we advocate that security issues

be resolved by the countries of the region with in order to make such conferences regular, the second conference on eurasian security will take place at the end of october, at the beginning of november, we discussed preparations for it, we will definitely participate and we will definitely help ensure that it conceptually specifies how we can further advance these processes. belarus is steps away from joining the shanghai cooperation organization, one of the largest integrations

in the world, where... based on the principles of equality and respect, regardless of political weight or economic influence, such a policy was also close to the allies. minsk expects to join the shanghai family at the summit in early july in astana. russia, by the way, is also a participant in the association, and provided belarus with considerable assistance in this. the president personally expressed gratitude to foreign minister sergei lavrov for the work carried out by the russian side.

international affairs of the house of representatives of russia, chairman of the standing committee on the national assembly of belarus graduated from the minsk state pedagogical institute of foreign languages, candidate pedagogical sciences, associate professor, author of scientific publications on the issues of political culture, international relations and national security, in his work history, work at the national bank of belarus, diplomatic service in the system of the ministry of foreign affairs in a number of international organizations, has the gratitude of the president of belarus, was awarded a medal for labor merits , diplomas and medals of the interparliamentary assembly of the cis member states, the csto parliamentary assembly. sergey anatolyevich, let me start with congratulations, after all, there is a new status, there are many tasks in the union parliament, and we will also talk about this, but

about this instrument. true alliance and partnership - this is truly a forum of regions of belarus and russia, your impression and your assessment of how effective this tool and this format of work are. thank you for your congratulations, the forum of regions of belarus and russia is always the largest event in belarusian-russian relations within the framework of the union state. this was also the case for the eleventh forum, which... for the first time took place in more than one geographical place, in three cities of the republic of belarus at once, forums are always held and held under the patronage of the president of the republic of belarus alexander grigorievich lukashenko and the president of the russian federation vladimir vladimirovich putin, and the organizers of the forum, also, according to a good established tradition, were our upper house.

parliaments, the council of the republic and the council of the federation, of course, many government and public bodies participate in the preparation and holding of forums.

but at the core was innovative activity, it manifests itself in various spheres today and should manifest itself, you correctly noted, this is not only in the economy, in industry, in science, but also in education, in scientific and technical cooperation, even in culture, and at this forum we saw how there are a lot of new products, innovations, how our countries... really work together, implement many projects, achieve good results in the economy, in the investment sphere, but also, of course, something that directly affects ordinary people, the life of every

resident of the union state, if you look at the forum, at the negotiations between lavrov and alenik in minsk, the visit of the head of the russian foreign ministry , these were still touched upon... that is why lukashenko said an example of relations between the foreign ministries of two countries, well, i want to say that ministers meet at least twice a year , plus they also hold joint meetings of the board, first in the russian

federation, next year in belarus, in minsk, well, i want to draw your attention and our tv viewers to this nuance, of course, the minister of foreign affairs.

russia can react, the teaching we we work together to respond to challenges in a timely manner? well, you know, it cannot be otherwise, it cannot be, in this situation, which is quite complex and difficult, especially along the perimeter of the union state, russia and belarus are strengthening their defense capabilities, expanding the possibilities of interaction, strengthening the regional grouping of the armed forces of the union state.

well, the latest news, which especially shocked even western countries, is that belarus and russia are jointly training non-strategic nuclear weapons, and it cannot be otherwise, since there are such weapons, which means that our military will have to be ready to use if the aggressor enters the territory of the russian federation, the republic of belarus, or the union as a whole.

peaceful people, and we are pursuing a peaceful foreign

policy, so we are interested in peace negotiations being resumed, because our people are dying, our people are dying, russians are dying, ukrainians, many of them are our people, it’s very sad to watch that there is no resolution to this conflict. but all the most difficult situations, the most difficult wars always end in a peace process, despite the fact that the west, of course, does not...

members of the union government, literally at the 606th session, which took place in minsk, we heard the ministers of education, enlightenment, the head of the scientific sphere of the republic of belarus , there were a lot of specific questions, and a fairly specific decision was made by the parliamentary meetings of the union of belarus and russia.

or something like a locomotive in the eurasian economic union, when many laws, legislative acts that were adopted level of the union state in our countries, then they are a model, a model for the member countries of the eurasian economic union, the commonwealth of independent states, reserves, of course, you know, are huge, the potential is huge and... our heads of state see this, they constantly, you see, in close connection, discussing the most pressing topics.

this triune connection, she, she, leads our union state forward, and well

, one can sympathize with the spiteful critics, let them work better, let them strive to be, since we, to be together, to be friends with us, yes, to be friends with us as well, not to engage in incomprehensible politics to our detriment when they are introduced.

yulia in minsk about the original traditions and legends of the northern territory in the language of music. we'll be back at the studio in a few minutes. a significant date in common history and the memory of a glorious feat. belarus is preparing to celebrate the eightieth anniversary of its liberation from the nazi invaders. on july 3, on the country's independence day , a military parade will be held in minsk, in which military personnel from russia and other countries will take part, and the highlight will be aerobatic teams and russian

knights swifts. traditionally, the parade in the belarusian capital is opened by its youngest participants, students of the minsk suvorov military school. their performance symbolizes the continuity of generations in defending the fatherland. it is also symbolic that in the year of the eightieth anniversary.

their colleagues from russia, azerbaijan, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, uzbekistan, tajikistan and china will take part in minsk. the first in the mechanized column will be the t-34, 10 tanks, symbols of the great patriotic war. cars arrived in belarus from russia. the thirty- four is a weapon of victory, which largely determined the outcome of the battles. the legendary tank resisted the german tigers and panthers. it was the t-34 that was the first to enter occupied minsk in july 1944. the mechanized column is preparing 300 units of wheeled and tracked vehicles. for several months at the lipki airfield, military vehicles

have been rehearsing a festive march. among the samples is the pride of belarusian. iskander m. first in theory, then on simulators, then on their airfields. to military pilots from belarus and russia are also preparing for the parade. participation in the holiday is not only a show, but also an element of real preparation.

peace in the territories of our countries, as the aviators themselves say, flying over the city is a separate form of art, so the aircraft in the skies over the capital will be piloted by the best military pilots. the highlight of the current air part of the parade will be the flight of the famous aerobatic teams, the knights swifts; in the finale , the il-76 will paint the sky over minsk in the colors of the belarusian flag. at the end of the parade , an honor guard company performed to achieve clarity of actions, uniformity, and implementation of all techniques. months of intense training up to 8 hours a day are required; in addition to clarity of beauty, the military personnel also needed to develop a unique collective sense of rhythm, because the tone of the performance is set by the music.

months of hard training, on the ground in the sky, dozens of kilometers traveled and thousands of precise steps, all in order to show that we are all belarusians, russians and others, descendants of the victorious country, ready, like 80 years ago, to defend our land shoulder to shoulder. participants of the memory train will recognize new stops on the union route, where victory was forged. scientific import substitution, large. rectors of chinese universities in minsk. about the main thing, briefly, further in the program. during the week , alexander lukashenko made a number of personnel decisions. alexander ragozhnik has been appointed head of the belarusian diplomatic mission in russia. the former head of the ministry of industry replaced dmitry krutov, now the head of the presidential administration of belarus. alexander rogozhnik, a native of gomel, graduated from the gomel state university academy

management under the president. he began his career at gomel customs. worked in the administration of the gomel-raton free zone in senior positions in the ministry of energy at the optoelectronic systems enterprise and the minsk motor plant. among the appointments, the new head of the foreign ministry of belarus, sergei oleinik, will be replaced in his post by maxim ryzhenkov, born in minsk, graduated from the belarusian state university with a degree in international law, the academy of management under the president, at various times worked in the apparatus meath, the national olympic committee and the president's office. to go forward with such a call, the president of belarus addressed the governor of the leningrad region alexander lukashenko and alexander drozdenka at the palace of independence in minsk discussed the union agenda, agreements were reached to join belarus in an extensive gasification program for the region, as well as to build new nuclear power plant units of a large-scale grain terminal in the competence of the belarusian experience russians have no doubt about builders. 50.000 is not enough

workers. provide help and support. belarus and china will more actively develop partnerships in the educational sphere. president alexander lukashenko held a meeting with the secretary of the party committee of peking university, haoping and representatives of chinese universities. minsk has never seen such a solid delegation of rectors. this is a clear example of the high level of relations between countries. alexander lukashenko proposes that china jointly create a global

educational scientific platform in belarus, including for... from the points became arkhangelsk in the regional museum, project participants were introduced to the history of the city during the great patriotic war. also in the village of small karelians, the guys visited the museum of wooden zoychesk. on the stage of the state philharmonic in minsk, the state song and dance ensemble of the komi republic named after viktor morozov. it was created in 1939 and still preserves. centuries-old traditions of folk art, colorful melodies, original compositions, as well as dedication to the landmark date for belarus - the eightieth anniversary of liberation from the nazis invaders. this is the start of all the events

that will take place in russia next year, we really hope that this interaction that we are establishing today will be long-lasting and will continue. the eighth international “children of asia” games started in yakutsk. the opening ceremony was bright. with local flavor and lasted more than 3 hours, the parade of participating countries took center stage in the program. the belarusian national team consists of 140 young athletes in twelve sports. you know, first of all i would like thank the organizers for welcoming belarus into the asian family. it’s clear that this is a european country, but nevertheless , this is very important for our guys. it is very important that children who are taking their first steps in big sports will see it here. where should they go next , either this way or that way, so for us this is a very important sports forum; more than 3,000 athletes are participating in the children of asia games, who

will compete for 239 sets of medals. and again we return to the main topic of the week, the forum of regions of belarus and russia for fraternal friendship there is no distance, the saturated one confirmed this. cultural program, and the close ties of our peoples at the forum spoke through art, folk art and allied hospitality. the main stage of vitebsk shines with all the colors of summer. the six-thousand-seat hall is sold out, bright costumes, impressive decorations, colorful numbers. a musical gift was presented to the guests and participants.

the forum of regions of belarus and russia allowed even geographically remote regions to become closer; it will be remembered not only for its impressive amounts and contracts agreements on cooperation, but also the bright holidays that belarusians and russians made together. here i met my fellow countrymen, the volga choir, which is based in samara, i myself am from samara, so my heart was so full. diploma, i don’t part with them, i communicate constantly, such a return, so many people, well, it feels like these are our friends, for the sake of this energy, for the sake of this friendship, it was worth overcoming this difficult road, we overcame

almost 30 hours. craftsmen from belarus and russia are already preparing for the city of masters, in during the slavic bazaar, it is a favorite and one of the most visited locations, a platform for meeting people and promising projects. in principle, we have.

this concludes our episode, we will tell you about the main things in belarus next sunday on the bel ros tv channel, all the best. garmoza, mikhail mikhailovich, gunner of the 152-mm howitzer battery of the coastal escort detachment of the baltic fleet. during the period of preparation for the offensive

of the seventh army of the northwestern front , he participated in the destruction of defensive structures. under the enemy's rifle and machine gun fire, he smashed the pillbox and destroyed its garrison with the fire of his gun. from the beginning of the great patriotic war he was at the front, rising from tank commander to tank commander.

under the leadership of guard captain garmoza, roto recorded six destroyed destroyed tanks and self-propelled guns, three guns, five mortars and up to 400 enemy officers. hero of the soviet union, mikhail mikhailovich garmoza was awarded the orders of lenin, patriotic war of the first and second degrees, the order of the red star. and metals. we introduce you to the architectural memories of belarus from different eras and centuries. at the same time, with all these figures, the karaleevsky peraimaits and taxa are the same architectural patterns that symbolize the absolute difference. structures

of the kingdom, with the approach of the russian empire, a completely new imperial concept of classical architecture emerged, which arose from the earliest tradition of rachy paspalitai. let's get down to history and some important facts. the shape is round, and sometimes in battle, then what happened, such armata, that stone cannonballs were fired, and hell getai...

they know exactly what success is on sports grounds, they actively manifest themselves not only in front of the screen, but on sports grounds, worked as a volunteer at many major tournaments, and she herself prefers dancing and zumba, at one time he played in the svistich football club in the second league of the belarusian championship, and was also the captain of the amateur hockey team red fire. but what will be the result in a real battle of intellects, as elements are called in artistic gymnastics? which is a flip in the air 360° or more over the head, andrey, somersault, of course, the diagram shows special exercises for training athletes, what sports discipline are we talking about, i think this is shot put, this is shot put, absolutely correct, this is correct answer, watch the intellectual sports show, head game on our tv channel. in politics

, alexander grigorievich has already become a figure in scale that goes far beyond the scope of the post of president of belarus. nominally he is responsible only for his country. in fact, he thanks to colossal experience, great respect in the world and even in the democratic world, although they are not recognized there, has a strong influence on many regions in the world. only those who do not have some desired power speak about democracy and democracy all over the world, they want and... will get it, but cannot. politics is when public comments along the way speak rather about the absence of real actions. we see for ourselves that we are nowhere near russia, especially not. the main words of alexander grigorievich about the future of our region and the fact that we are not in a hurry, there are two sides of the coin: the conflict in ukraine is unlikely to end quickly, but no matter how long it lasts, it will end with a stable and lasting peace. igor turai's author's project

propaganda, watch on the belarus24 tv channel. from dovetsky, election in bero'. july 1, 1944, troops of the third belarusian front liberate borisov and the borisov region. with the assistance of the zheleznyak partisan brigade , the occupation in begomlsky ended. troops of the first baltic front liberate sharkovshchina. destroy the forces of the german fourth army and liberate minsk. there were 27 days left until the complete liberation of belarus.